Skills & methods
The law on hunting, fishing and gathering
bama on their bubu, 'a person's Country, where they belong', taking minya, kuyu and mayi: meat, fish and plant food[1]. The law that frames that today has layers. Native title: where native title has been determined, section 211 of the Native Title Act 1993 preserves the holders' right to hunt, fish, gather and camp 'for the purpose of satisfying their personal, domestic or non-commercial communal needs' without the licences and permits others need[2][3]. Queensland's wildlife and fisheries law for everyone else and for how things are taken: native animals and plants are protected wildlife under the Nature Conservation Act 1992, with the cycads 'special least concern plants'; the Fisheries Act 1994 gives 'an Aboriginal person acting under Aboriginal tradition a defence for personal, domestic or non-commercial communal fishing with prescribed gear outside prescribed waters', bans 'explosives, firearms or noxious substances to take fish', and sets the size and possession limits, the gear rules and the barramundi closed seasons[4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. The pest, fire and heritage laws: feral pigs and dingoes are 'restricted invasive animals' under the Biosecurity Act 2014 with a 'general biosecurity obligation' on everyone; a fire bigger than a cooking fire 'needs a Permit to Light Fire from the local Fire Warden'; and the Aboriginal Cultural Heritage Act 2003 puts a 'cultural heritage duty of care' on anyone carrying out an activity[11][12][13][14]. On top of these, each place has its own native title holders and its own landholders' or park rules: see each place above. This page is a map of those sources as the other pages cite them; it is not legal advice.
Hann River Cape York
Possum People's country on the upper river and Thaypan (Kuku Thaypan) country downstream: stringybark and bloodwood woodland and a spring-fed sandy river that runs north-east from the Great Dividing Range, past the Peninsula Developmental Road, into Rinyirru (Lakefield) and the North Kennedy. Not Kuku Yalanji country: the Kuku Yalanji words on this page are the dictionary's, not the Hann's own languages. Place guide
The Hann is not Kuku Yalanji country. The upper Hann is the Possum People's country and the middle and lower Hann the Thaypan's; both native title determinations were made in November 2023[25][26]. Downstream the river runs into Rinyirru (Lakefield) National Park, jointly managed by its Traditional Owners and Queensland, and on to Princess Charlotte Bay, so the east coast barramundi closure applies here, not the Gulf one[27][28].
The layers here
1. Native title. Both determinations were made on 2 November 2023: the Possum People's over the upper Hann and Kennedy rivers, held by the Possum Aboriginal Corporation, and the Thaypan's over country that includes the Hann River downstream, held by the Awu-Laya Indigenous Corporation[25][26]. Over part of each area the holders have 'the right to possession, occupation, use and enjoyment of the area to the exclusion of all others'. Over the rest they have non-exclusive rights, among them to 'hunt, fish and gather on the land and waters of the area', 'take the Natural Resources from the land and waters of the area', and 'light fires on the area for cultural, spiritual or domestic purposes including cooking, but not for the purpose of hunting or clearing vegetation'[26][25]. These rights are 'subject to and exercisable in accordance with' the laws of the State and the Commonwealth and the holders' own traditional laws and customs[26]. The Kuku Warra people of Laura were determined the same day; they share the land between the North Kennedy and the Hann with the Thaypan under a customary agreement[29].
2. The national park. Downstream the Hann enters Rinyirru (Lakefield) National Park (Cape York Peninsula Aboriginal Land), whose Traditional Owners are the Lama Lama and Kuku Thaypan peoples and related clans; it is jointly managed by the Rinyirru Aboriginal Corporation and the Queensland Government[27]. 'Traditional Owners use the park to camp, fish and hunt'[30]. For visitors: 'The use of firearms and chainsaws is prohibited in national parks', and 'Domestic animals are not permitted'[31]; camping needs a permit, and the camping areas south of the Lakefield ranger base close 'from 1 December to 31 May'[32]; open fires only in fire rings, and no firewood collecting[33]. Some animals are the clans' totems: 'Any activity involving these species is considered a significant activity and needs approval from the land trust'[30].
3. Fish. The Hann's water runs to Princess Charlotte Bay on the east coast[27], so the east coast barramundi closure applies, 1 November to 31 January, not the Gulf one[28]. Lakefield's closed season was already 'November to January inclusive' when anglers were surveyed there in 1986–91[34]. The other limits and gear rules are the same as everywhere in Queensland's fresh waters[8][9].
The old law here
Published words of the people of this country about their own rules:
- Thaypan and Possum: 'I have rights to take resources without permission in my traditional areas. Like fishing, and turtle, camping, cutting trees, take animals etc. And people ask me permission for them to enter my country and take resources. I can take things like wood for any purpose. The old people traded with neighbours. There are strict rules that you don't take too much'[25][26].
- Thaypan: 'We let the old people know when we go to country, I have shown my kids how to sing out and say hello to them, explain why we are there like if we are there to go fishing, hunting or camping. You have to let the old people know what you are there for'[26].
- Kuku Warra (Laura): 'They won't allow me any more than thirty or forty fish. We can only take up to something like ten, fifteen, twenty, but that's it', and 'we must always leave three or four fish on the banks after we leave to show appreciation for the people of the country'[29].
- Kuku Thaypan Elders: 'The importance of not wasting resources was reiterated time and again: from the burying of fish remains from the banks of where they were consumed, to the use and re-use of paperbark and return of it to where it was cut'[35].
On country today
Section 211 of the Native Title Act 1993 applies to the Possum and Thaypan holders as to any others[3]. Everyone else needs the holders' permission on their country, and a camping permit and the park's rules in Rinyirru[32].
Upper Mitchell Western Yalanji
Western Yalanji country west of the Great Dividing Range: dry open woodland cut by the sandy, paperbark-lined upper Mitchell River, around Karma Waters and Mount Carbine. Place guide
Karma Waters is a working cattle station on native title country, and its induction, camping rules and land management, which bait wild dogs and burn on a cycle, are the rules on the ground; for visitors 'weapons and hunting dogs are not allowed'[36][37][38][39].
The layers here
The Western Yalanji people's native title has been determined over country that includes the Mitchell River around Karma Waters, and the Western Yalanji Aboriginal Corporation's land-use plan sets out what the holders intend for it[22][36].
Some of what lives here is listed: the Gouldian finch endangered, the southern black-throated finch and squatter pigeon threatened, Acacia guymeri and the Mareeba rock-wallaby near threatened, the spectacled flying fox endangered; see woodland, bush birds and flying foxes[23].
On the Gulf rivers, which the Mitchell is, barramundi are closed 'from 7 October to 31 January' with no targeting 'even for catch-and-release'[10]. The station 'burns "most of our country" on a three-to-four-year cycle'[39].
Karma Waters is a working cattle station; its induction, waiver and indemnity form, its bush-camping page and its land-management page are the rules on the ground: campfires 'restricted to the campsite', 'weapons and hunting dogs are not allowed' for visitors, wild dogs baited 'with strychnine in the wet season and 1080 later in the year', dogs kept away from the baited country, and the burning cycle[37][38][39][40]. Native title holders and the station's lease share the country, and the plan in the Western Yalanji land-use document is the native title side of that arrangement[22][36].
Where the rules are written here
Seasons here
The Gulf barramundi closure from 7 October to 31 January; the station's wet-season strychnine and later 1080 baiting; the wet-season road closures[10][39][38].
Before you go here
On country today
Karma Waters is native title country and a cattle station at once, and the law on it is the two together[36][22]. The Western Yalanji's own rules for who takes what, and the names of the old law's rules, are for the holders and the contribution box below.
Eastern coast Eastern Kuku Yalanji
Eastern Kuku Yalanji country: rainforest, beaches, mangroves, reef and the short steep rivers from the Daintree to the Bloomfield and the Annan.
On the Eastern Kuku Yalanji coast there is a further layer, the Marine Park's traditional-use agreements and the Eastern Kuku Yalanji's own plan[20][21].
Sea country
On the coast, 'in the Marine Park the Reef's Traditional Owners manage traditional take under accredited Traditional Use of Marine Resources Agreements', the neighbouring Yuku-Baja-Muliku and Yirrganydji agreements set permit systems for turtle and dugong, and the Eastern Kuku Yalanji plan 'says dugong on their sea country are now too few to hunt for meat'; see dugong and sea turtle[20][21].
Everywhere
Names
bama 'aborigine, not a white person; people, mankind'. bubu 'ground, earth; a person's Country, where they belong'. minya 'meat, eggs (protein food); generic term for animal'. kuyu 'fish'. mayi 'vegetable food or fruit; generic term for food'. The dictionary carries the old law in its glosses: jadi 'sand goanna. Only old people are allowed to eat it', and the stingray and eel pages have others like it[1]. The dictionary's words for the old trials and fights are on the shields and swords page.
The layers of the law
1. Native title and section 211. Section 211 of the Native Title Act 1993 provides that where a law would otherwise require a licence or permit to hunt, fish, gather or carry on a cultural or spiritual activity, native title holders may do those things 'for the purpose of satisfying their personal, domestic or non-commercial communal needs' in exercise of their native title rights without that licence[3][2]. The Australian Law Reform Commission's review discusses the section's reach and its limits: it is a shield against licence requirements, not a licence to take what the native title rights do not cover, and it does not override every law[15][2].
2. Protected wildlife. Native animals and plants are protected wildlife in Queensland under the Nature Conservation Act 1992[4]. Native plants that are not threatened are 'least concern' wildlife under the Nature Conservation (Plants) Regulation 2020, and 'all plants of the cycad families (Cycadaceae and Zamiaceae) are "special least concern plants", which means taking them is more tightly controlled than for ordinary least concern plants'; see zamia[5]. Kangaroos, wallabies, cassowaries and brush turkeys have their 'living with wildlife' pages, cited on their entries.
3. Fish. The Fisheries Act 1994 'gives an Aboriginal person acting under Aboriginal tradition a defence for personal, domestic or non-commercial communal fishing with prescribed gear outside prescribed waters' (s 14), and the regulation prescribes the recreational gear and 'a fish trap, meaning "a structure made predominantly from stone or organic material that creates a holding area designed to capture a small quantity of fish"'; see fish traps and nets[6][16]. 'Using any noxious substance to take fish is an offence', as is using explosives or firearms (s 81); see fish poisoning[7]. 'A dam, weir or other barrier that limits fish movement in a waterway is a "waterway barrier works", and building one needs development approval'[6]. The limits: barramundi 'between 58 and 120 cm, with a limit of 5 per person, or 10 per boat', with a closed season over the spawning months that differs between the Gulf rivers and the east coast (see each place above); saratoga one fish at 50 cm or more; the grunters and the rest on the fresh-water limits page; 'set lines are not allowed'[8][10][17][9]. Mangroves 'are protected marine plants in Queensland under the Fisheries Act 1994; cutting them needs a permit'[6].
4. Pests. 'The feral pig is a category 3, 4 and 6 restricted invasive animal under the Biosecurity Act 2014', the dingo 'a category 3, 4, 5 and 6 restricted invasive animal', and 'you must take all reasonable and practical measures that are under your control to minimise the biosecurity risks', the 'general biosecurity obligation'; the dingo 'can be controlled outside national parks and other protected areas' and is 'native wildlife' inside them[11][12]. Rubber vine is a restricted invasive plant; see weeds and ferals[18]. Poison baits for dogs and pigs are controlled, and 'CSSP (yellow phosphorus) pig poison must not be used'[11][19].
5. Fire. 'A larger fire needs a Permit to Light Fire from the local Fire Warden, and no fire may be lit during a fire ban'; see hunting with fire[13].
6. Cultural heritage. 'Queensland's Aboriginal Cultural Heritage Act 2003 protects significant Aboriginal areas and objects and imposes a cultural heritage duty of care on everyone carrying out an activity'; 'anyone carrying out an activity in Queensland must take all reasonable and practicable measures not to harm Aboriginal cultural heritage', which covers the ochre pits, the grinding rocks, the scarred trees and the old camps; see red ochre and stone[14].
Which law for which thing
- A wallaby, a goanna, a turtle, a duck, a bustard: protected wildlife; native title holders' take for personal, domestic or non-communal needs under s 211; landholders' and parks' rules for visitors[4][2].
- A barramundi, a saratoga, a grunter: the Fisheries Act's limits, closures and gear rules, with the s 14 tradition defence and s 211[8][10][6].
- A pig, a dingo, a cat, a toad: not protected; the Biosecurity Act's obligations[11][12].
- A zamia, a cycad: 'special least concern', tighter than other plants[5].
- Mangroves: protected marine plants[6].
- A fire: a small cooking fire, or a permit[13].
- An ochre pit, a grinding rock, a scarred tree: cultural heritage with a duty of care[14].
- A dugong, a sea turtle: the Marine Park agreements and the Traditional Owners' plans[20][21].
Where the rules are written
Where each law runs
The fisheries law on the river; the Nature Conservation Act everywhere; the Biosecurity Act's general obligation on everyone; the Marine Park's rules on the coast; the Cultural Heritage Act at every old place; native title across the determined country[6][4][11][20][14][22].
Why the limits are what they are
The limits track the animals' lives: the saratoga's one-fish limit because it is 'slow to mature and few-egged'; the barramundi closure over the spawning months; the cycads' special status because they are slow and old; the dingo's double status because it is both a native animal and a stock killer; the Gouldian finch's listing because its grass and hollows are going[8][10][5][12][23]. The old law had its own versions, in the dictionary's rules about who could eat the sand goanna and the stingray[1].
Seasons
The barramundi closures over the spawning months, which differ between the Gulf and the east coast; the fire-permit season as the dry deepens[10][13]. Each place above has its own season of road and park closures. See the year on country.
What this page is for
Checking before you take
- Who are you on this country? A native title holder's rights under s 211 are theirs; a visitor's are the recreational rules and the landholder's permission[2].
- What is it? Protected wildlife, a fish with a limit, a feral, a cycad, a mangrove: find it in the list above.
- How will you take it? No poisons, explosives or firearms for fish; prescribed gear; no set lines; a stone or organic fish trap only[7][9][16].
- When? The barramundi closure for that coast; the fire season[10][13].
- Where? The landholder's or the park's camps and tracks, and never an old place without care[14].
- How much? 'Personal, domestic or non-commercial communal needs' is the measure in the native title law and in the old law both[3][1].
- When in doubt, ask: the native title holders' corporation, the landholder or the park, and Queensland Fisheries' and Environment's pages[8].
A note on this page
- This page summarises public sources as the other pages cite them; it is not legal advice, and the Acts and the landholders' and parks' documents are the authority[3][6].
- The rules change; the Queensland pages cited carry their 'last updated' dates[8][9].
- Crocodiles and snakes do not read the law; see Crocwise and snakes[24].
On Country today
Every place has its own native title holders and its own rules on the ground; see each place above. The holders' own rules for who takes what, and the names of the old law's rules, are for them and for the contribution box below.
Language
bama 'aborigine; people'; bubu 'a person's Country, where they belong'; minya 'meat, eggs (protein food)'; kuyu 'fish'; mayi 'vegetable food or fruit'; jadi 'sand goanna. Only old people are allowed to eat it'; ngalku 'bush fire'; duli 'burnt patch of grass'[1].
References
- Hershberger, H. D. & Hershberger, R. (1982). Kuku-Yalanji Dictionary. Work Papers of SIL-AAB, Series B, Volume 7. With Toby Bloomfield, Roy Friday, Billy Roberts, Hector and Doris Sykes, Joe Walker and others. www.sil.org/resources/archives/18038
- Australian Law Reform Commission. Review of the Native Title Act 1993 (DP 82), ch. 8: Relevant provisions in the Native Title Act (s 211). www.alrc.gov.au/publication/review-of-the-native-title-act-1993-dp-82/8-the-nature-and-content-of-native-title/relevant-provisions-in-the-native-title-act/
- Native Title Act 1993 (Cth), section 211: preservation of certain native title rights and interests (hunting, fishing and gathering for personal, domestic or non-commercial communal needs). www.legislation.gov.au/C2004A04665/latest/text
- Queensland Government, State of the Environment. Nature Conservation Act 1992. www.stateoftheenvironment.des.qld.gov.au/biodiversity/management-responses/legislation/nature-conservation-act-1992
- Nature Conservation (Plants) Regulation 2020 (Qld), current as at 22 May 2026. — Sch. 1 pt 2 div 7 s 25 (least concern wildlife); sch. 2 (special least concern plants) www.legislation.qld.gov.au/view/pdf/inforce/current/sl-2020-0137
- Fisheries Act 1994 (Qld), current as at 27 April 2026: s 14 (defence for Aboriginal peoples and Torres Strait Islander peoples). www.legislation.qld.gov.au/view/html/inforce/current/act-1994-037
- Fisheries Act 1994 (Qld), s 81 (use of explosives, firearms or noxious substances to take fish prohibited). www.legislation.qld.gov.au/view/whole/html/inforce/current/act-1994-037
- Queensland Government. Size and possession limits in fresh waters (web page, last updated 27 March 2026, accessed 5 October 2026). www.qld.gov.au/recreation/activities/boating-fishing/rec-fishing/rules/limits-fresh
- Queensland Government. Fishing equipment rules: fresh waters (web page, last updated 26 March 2026, accessed 6 October 2026). www.qld.gov.au/recreation/activities/boating-fishing/rec-fishing/rules/equipment
- Queensland Department of Primary Industries. Closed seasons in fresh waters: barramundi (web page, accessed 5 October 2026). www.dpi.qld.gov.au/business-priorities/fisheries/closures/fresh/seasons
- Queensland Government (Business Queensland). Feral pig: restricted invasive animal (accessed 10 October 2026). www.business.qld.gov.au/industries/farms-fishing-forestry/agriculture/biosecurity/animals/invasive/restricted/feral-pig
- Queensland Government (Business Queensland). Dingo: restricted invasive animal (accessed 10 October 2026). www.business.qld.gov.au/industries/farms-fishing-forestry/agriculture/biosecurity/animals/invasive/restricted/dingo
- Queensland Fire Department. Fire permits: lighting fires in Queensland. fire.qld.gov.au/safety-education/using-fire-outdoors/lighting-fires-in-queensland
- Aboriginal Cultural Heritage Act 2003 (Qld), s 23 (cultural heritage duty of care). www.legislation.qld.gov.au/view/whole/html/inforce/current/act-2003-079
- Australian Law Reform Commission (2014). Review of the Native Title Act 1993, Discussion Paper 82, ch. 8: Relevant provisions in the Native Title Act (s 211, preservation of native title hunting, fishing, gathering and cultural activities). www.alrc.gov.au/publication/review-of-the-native-title-act-1993-dp-82/8-the-nature-and-content-of-native-title/relevant-provisions-in-the-native-title-act/
- Fisheries (General) Regulation 2019 (Qld), current as at 1 July 2026: s 7 (recreational fishing apparatus) and s 21 (prescribed fishing apparatus for s 14 of the Act: fish trap). www.legislation.qld.gov.au/view/html/inforce/current/sl-2019-0179
- Queensland Government. Size and possession limits in fresh waters: grunters (web page, accessed 5 October 2026). www.qld.gov.au/recreation/activities/boating-fishing/rec-fishing/rules/limits-fresh
- Queensland Government (Business Queensland). Rubber vine: restricted invasive plant (accessed 10 October 2026). www.business.qld.gov.au/industries/farms-fishing-forestry/agriculture/biosecurity/plants/invasive/restricted/rubber-vine
- Queensland Government (Business Queensland). Wild dog: restricted invasive animal (accessed 10 October 2026). www.business.qld.gov.au/industries/farms-fishing-forestry/agriculture/biosecurity/animals/invasive/restricted/wild-dog
- Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority. Traditional use of the Marine Park; Traditional Use of Marine Resources Agreements (web pages, accessed 5 October 2026). www2.gbrmpa.gov.au/learn/traditional-owners/traditional-use-marine-resources-agreements
- Yalanjiwarra People & Jabalbina Yalanji Aboriginal Corporation (2016). Nganjinanga Bubu, Nganjinanga Jalun, Nganjinanga Bama Plan: Our Land, Our Sea, Our People Plan 2016–2021. Eastern Kuku Yalanji Indigenous Protected Area Management Plan, Stage 3. Mossman: Jabalbina. — Sections 4, 7.9 (Wrong fishing and sea hunting), 7.10 and Action 9.2 www.wettropicsplan.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Eastern-Kuku-Yalanji-Indgenous-Protected-Area-Management-Plan-Stage-3-Yalanjiwarra-Land-and-Sea-Country.pdf
- Western Yalanji Aboriginal Corporation & CRC for Developing Northern Australia (2020). Western Yalanji Land Use and Economic Diversification Plan. CC BY 4.0. — Native Title Determinations 1–4 (pp. 13–18); ‘Fire Management and Carbon Farming’ (pp. 32–33); ‘Pastoralists’ crcna.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/westernyalanjilanduseplan_nov2020.pdf
- Queensland Herbarium, Regional Ecosystem 9.11.26 (Einasleigh Uplands): Eucalyptus leptophleba and/or E. cullenii and/or Corymbia clarksoniana +/- E. platyphylla woodland on undulating terrain to rolling hills. Fire management guidelines. Queensland Government Regional Ecosystem Description Database. apps.des.qld.gov.au/regional-ecosystems/details/?re=9.11.26
- Queensland Government. Be Crocwise top tips; Be Crocwise in Croc Country (web pages, accessed 5 October 2026). www.qld.gov.au/environment/plants-animals/animals/living-with/crocodiles/becrocwise/be-crocwise-top-tips
- Ross on behalf of the Cape York United #1 Claim Group v State of Queensland (No 21) (Possum determination) [2023] FCA 1316 (Federal Court of Australia, 2 November 2023). — Determination area (upper Hann and Kennedy rivers); prescribed body corporate; affidavit evidence on hunting and fishing www.judgments.fedcourt.gov.au/judgments/Judgments/fca/single/2023/2023fca1316
- Ross on behalf of the Cape York United #1 Claim Group v State of Queensland (No 20) (Thaypan determination) [2023] FCA 1315 (Federal Court of Australia, 2 November 2023). — Determination area and waters; prescribed body corporate (Awu-Laya Indigenous Corporation); affidavit evidence on hunting www.judgments.fedcourt.gov.au/judgments/Judgments/fca/single/2023/2023fca1315
- Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service. Nature, culture and history: Rinyirru (Lakefield) National Park (CYPAL) (web page, last updated 1 July 2024; accessed 28 October 2026). parks.qld.gov.au/parks/rinyirru-lakefield/about/culture
- Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries. Closed seasons in tidal waters: barramundi (east coast 1 November to 31 January; Gulf of Carpentaria 7 October to 31 January) (web page, accessed 28 October 2026). www.daf.qld.gov.au/business-priorities/fisheries/closures/tidal/seasons
- Ross on behalf of the Cape York United #1 Claim Group v State of Queensland (No 19) (Kuku Warra determination) [2023] FCA 1314 (Federal Court of Australia, 2 November 2023). www.judgments.fedcourt.gov.au/judgments/Judgments/fca/single/2023/2023fca1314
- Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service (2013). Rinyirru (Lakefield) Aggregation Management Statement 2013. parks.desi.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0027/165771/rinyirru.pdf
- Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service. About Rinyirru (Lakefield) National Park (CYPAL): looking after the park (web page, accessed 28 October 2026). parks.qld.gov.au/parks/rinyirru-lakefield/about
- Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service. Visiting Rinyirru (Lakefield) National Park (CYPAL) safely (web page, last updated 1 June 2025; accessed 28 October 2026). parks.qld.gov.au/parks/rinyirru-lakefield/visiting-safely
- Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service. Hann Crossing camping area, Rinyirru (Lakefield) National Park (CYPAL) (web page, accessed 28 October 2026). Camping permits; open fires in fire rings only; no firewood collecting. parks.qld.gov.au/parks/rinyirru-lakefield/camping/hann-crossing
- Russell, D. J. & Hales, P. W. (1993). A survey of the Princess Charlotte Bay recreational barramundi fishery. Queensland Department of Primary Industries, QI93049. era.dpi.qld.gov.au/id/eprint/6393/1/Survey%20of%20the%20Princess%20Charlotte%20Bay%20recreational%20barramundi%20fishery_QI93049_1993_russell.pdf
- Standley, P.-M. (2019). The importance of campfires to effective conservation. PhD thesis, James Cook University. Records the fire and country knowledge of Kuku Thaypan Elders Dr Tommy George and Dr George Musgrave. researchonline.jcu.edu.au/64274/
- Karma Waters Station. About: location, native title (web page, accessed 5 October 2026). www.karmawatersstation.com/about.html
- Karma Waters Station. Induction, waiver and indemnity form (updated 9 June 2023). www.karmawatersstation.com/uploads/3/1/9/2/31929385/induction_waiver_and_indemnity.pdf
- Karma Waters Station. Bush Camping at Karma Waters Station (web page, accessed 5 October 2026). www.karmawatersstation.com/bush-camping.html
- Karma Waters Station. Land management (web page, accessed 6 October 2026). www.karmawatersstation.com/land-management.html
- Karma Waters Station. Cattle (web page, accessed 5 October 2026). www.karmawatersstation.com/cattle.html
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