Wiradhuri
Autonym candidate: Berrembeel unverified — from alt-names· 99 name candidates recorded
Classification
Glottolog family treeCountry & location
Glottolog point-34.0742, 145.9940
Provenance: glottolog
A point locates a language for reference; it never represents the full extent of a people’s Country.
Grammar profile
19 coded · 56 unknown14 Grambank — 75 coded features in total across 70 Grambank, 5 AUS extension.
Grambank’s 195 variables are a cross-linguistic baseline— a fixed questionnaire asked of every language — not “the grammar” of Wiradhuri. Read each cell as an answer to a standard typological question. Compare languages in the grammar lens →
Showing 75 of 75 coded features.
Grambank
70 featuresClause and Syntax12
- unknown
Order of numeral and noun in the noun phrase: 1=Numeral-Noun, 2=Noun-Numeral, 3=both orders occur.
Grambank GB024
- unknown
Unmarked order of S and V in intransitive clauses: 1=SV, 2=VS, 3=both.
Grambank GB130
- unknown
Whether the language has clause chaining (long strings of dependent clauses + one final finite verb).
Grambank GB150
- present
Whether there is a morphological simultaneous-vs-sequential clause distinction.
Grambank GB152
- unknown
Whether yes/no questions can be marked by intonation alone.
Grambank GB257
- unknown
Whether yes/no questions can be marked by a special word order.
Grambank GB260
- absent
Whether content interrogatives normally stay in situ (not fronted).
Grambank GB326
- unknown
Whether a relative clause can follow its head noun.
Grambank GB327
- unknown
Whether a relative clause can precede its head noun.
Grambank GB328
- unknown
Whether there are internally-headed relative clauses.
Grambank GB329
- unknown
Whether there are correlative relative clauses.
Grambank GB330
- unknown
Whether there are non-adjacent (extraposed) relative clauses.
Grambank GB331
Demonstrative1
- absent
Whether demonstratives make three or more distance contrasts (e.g. near/mid/far).
Grambank GB035
Nominal16
- absent
Whether indefinite nominals commonly take an indefinite article (like English 'a/an').
Grambank GB021
- unknown
Order of an adnominal demonstrative ('this/that') and noun: 1=Dem-Noun, 2=Noun-Dem, 3=both.
Grambank GB025
- unknown
Whether an action/state noun can be productively derived from a verb (e.g. 'run' -> 'running').
Grambank GB047
- present
Whether an agent noun can be productively derived from a verb (e.g. 'teach' -> 'teacher').
Grambank GB048
- unknown
Whether an object/result noun can be productively derived from a verb.
Grambank GB049
- unknown
Whether the language has numeral classifiers (a sortal element required when counting).
Grambank GB057
- unknown
Whether the language has possessive classifiers.
Grambank GB058
- unknown
Unmarked order of possessor noun and possessed noun: 1=Possessor-Possessed, 2=Possessed-Possessor, 3=both.
Grambank GB065
- absent
Whether an adjective-like property word can agree with its noun in gender/noun class.
Grambank GB170
- unknown
Order of adjective-like property word and noun: 0=not used attributively, 1=Adj-N, 2=N-Adj, 3=both.
Grambank GB193
- unknown
Whether there is a clause-initial yes/no question particle.
Grambank GB262
- unknown
Whether there is a clause-final yes/no question particle.
Grambank GB263
- unknown
Whether there is a yes/no question particle sitting neither clause-initially nor clause-finally.
Grambank GB264
- unknown
Whether yes/no questions can be marked by a question particle plus verbal morphology.
Grambank GB285
- unknown
Whether standard negation can be marked by a non-inflecting negative particle.
Grambank GB299
- unknown
Whether plural number is marked in the NP by a dedicated free (unbound) element.
Grambank GB318
Numerals2
- absent
Whether the numeral system is decimal (base 10).
Grambank GB333
- absent
Whether there is any synchronic evidence of a quinary (base 5) element.
Grambank GB334
Other8
- unknown
Whether noun-conjoining ('X and Y') and comitative ('X with Y') use different markers.
Grambank GB027
- unknown
Whether there is productive overt singular marking on nouns.
Grambank GB042
- unknown
Whether the language has prepositions.
Grambank GB074
- unknown
Whether the language has postpositions.
Grambank GB075
- unknown
Whether the recipient of a ditransitive ('give') can be marked like a monotransitive object.
Grambank GB105
- unknown
Whether there is grammatical marking of direct (sensory) evidence.
Grambank GB322
- unknown
Whether there is grammatical marking of indirect evidence (hearsay, inference).
Grambank GB323
- unknown
Whether there is a politeness (T/V) distinction in 2nd-person forms.
Grambank GB415
Pronoun2
- present
Whether the pronoun system distinguishes inclusive ('we incl. you') from exclusive ('we excl. you').
Grambank GB028
- unknown
Whether there is a phonologically independent reflexive pronoun.
Grambank GB305
Verb and Valency29
- unknown
Whether core adjectives behave like verbs when used as a predicate ('the dog is big' patterns like 'the dog runs').
Grambank GB068
- unknown
Whether there is a dedicated overt future-tense marker on the verb.
Grambank GB084
- unknown
Whether the A (transitive subject) can be indexed by a suffix/enclitic on the verb.
Grambank GB091
- unknown
Whether the A (transitive subject) can be indexed by a prefix/proclitic on the verb.
Grambank GB092
- unknown
Whether the P (transitive object) can be indexed by a suffix/enclitic on the verb.
Grambank GB093
- unknown
Whether the P (transitive object) can be indexed by a prefix/proclitic on the verb.
Grambank GB094
- unknown
Whether there is a benefactive applicative marker on the verb ('do X for someone').
Grambank GB103
- unknown
Whether there is an instrumental applicative marker on the verb ('do X with an instrument').
Grambank GB104
- unknown
Whether verbs carry directional or locative morphology (associated-motion-type marking).
Grambank GB108
- unknown
Whether verbs are suppletive for participant number (different root for singular vs plural participant).
Grambank GB109
- absent
Whether verbs are suppletive for tense or aspect.
Grambank GB110
- unknown
Whether there are verbal affixes/clitics that transitivize intransitive verbs (causative-like).
Grambank GB113
- present
Whether there is a bound (affixal) reflexive marker on the verb.
Grambank GB114
- present
Whether there is a bound (affixal) reciprocal marker on the verb.
Grambank GB115
- unknown
Whether there are serial verb constructions (two+ verbs in one clause without a linker).
Grambank GB118
- unknown
Whether verb compounding is a regular process.
Grambank GB122
- unknown
Whether there are verb-adjunct (light-verb / coverb) constructions.
Grambank GB123
- unknown
Whether noun incorporation into the verb is a productive intransitivizing process.
Grambank GB124
- unknown
Whether the unmarked transitive constituent order is verb-initial.
Grambank GB131
- unknown
Whether the unmarked transitive constituent order is verb-medial.
Grambank GB132
- unknown
Whether the unmarked transitive constituent order is verb-final.
Grambank GB133
- unknown
Whether the order of core (S/A/P) constituents is fixed.
Grambank GB136
- unknown
Whether prohibitive (negative imperative) negation differs from declarative negation.
Grambank GB139
- absent
Whether there is a morphological passive marked on the lexical verb.
Grambank GB147
- unknown
Whether there is a morphological antipassive marked on the lexical verb.
Grambank GB148
- unknown
Whether there is a switch-reference marker (signals same/different subject across clauses).
Grambank GB151
- unknown
Whether yes/no questions can be marked by verbal morphology alone.
Grambank GB286
- unknown
Whether standard negation can be marked by an inflecting negative auxiliary verb.
Grambank GB298
- present
Whether there are multiple past or future tenses distinguishing distance in time (e.g. recent vs remote past).
Grambank GB309
AUS extension
5 featuresDemonstrative1
- two
Number of distance contrasts (2, 3+ deictic terms).
AUS extension AUX023
Numerals1
- restricted/none
Base of the numeral system: decimal, quinary, vigesimal, body-part tally, or restricted (many Australian languages have very small numeral systems).
AUS extension AUX043
Valency2
- yes
A phonologically bound reflexive marker on the verb (e.g. Kuku Yalanji -ji-).
AUS extension AUX031
- yes
A phonologically bound reciprocal marker on the verb (e.g. Kuku Yalanji -wa-).
AUS extension AUX032
Verb1
- yes
Whether there are multiple past or future tenses distinguishing temporal distance (e.g. recent vs remote past) — common in Australian languages.
AUS extension AUX027
Dictionary & lexicon
Open lexical resource available — 212 entries, open licence, not yet ingested here.
English Wiktionary — Category:Wiradjuri lemmasDeep-time position
Bouckaert 2018 treeDates the LANGUAGE lineage (Bouckaert 2018 BEAST tree), NOT a population arrival.
Trace this lineage in the deep-time spreadCodes & sources
Identifiers
Per-facet provenance
- Classification
- Glottolog 5.3 CLDF (CC-BY-4.0)
- Coordinates
- Glottolog 5.3 (CC-BY-4.0)
- Endangerment
- Glottolog AES (CC-BY-4.0)
- Grammar
- Grambank v1.0.3 / WALS 2020.4 (CC-BY-4.0)
- Lexicon
- CC-BY-SA-4.0
- Deep-time
- Bouckaert, Bowern & Atkinson 2018 (Phlorest CLDF, CC-BY-4.0)
- Identifiers
- Glottolog 5.3 + AIATSIS AUSTLANG
Data-completeness for this profile: name, any id, glottocode, iso639 3, austlang, classification chain, coordinates real, coordinates any, endangerment, grammar profile, lexicon data, deep time dated, autonym candidate. Autonyms are unverified candidates drawn from alt-name lists; coordinates carry a provenance flag; a spreading language lineage is not a moving population. Coverage tier: Comprehensive.