Pitjantjatjara

Autonym candidate: Bidjandja unverified — from alt-names· 63 name candidates recorded

Comprehensivethreatened· AES 2LocatedIn the dated tree

Classification

Glottolog family tree

Country & location

Glottolog point

-26.9704, 131.3570

Provenance: glottolog

A point locates a language for reference; it never represents the full extent of a people’s Country.

Grammar profile

112 coded · 0 unknown

109 WALS — 112 coded features in total across 96 WALS, 16 AUS extension.

Grambank’s 195 variables are a cross-linguistic baseline— a fixed questionnaire asked of every language — not “the grammar” of Pitjantjatjara. Read each cell as an answer to a standard typological question. Compare languages in the grammar lens →

Showing 112 of 112 coded features.

WALS

96 features

Complex Sentences7

Relativization on Subjects
WALS 122A
Gap
Relativization on Obliques
WALS 123A
Gap
'Want' Complement Subjects
WALS 124A
Subject is left implicit
Purpose Clauses
WALS 125A
Deranked
'When' Clauses
WALS 126A
Deranked
Reason Clauses
WALS 127A
Deranked
Utterance Complement Clauses
WALS 128A
Balanced

Lexicon6

Hand and Arm
WALS 129A
Different
Finger and Hand
WALS 130A
Identical
Cultural Categories of Languages with Identity of 'Finger' and 'Hand'
WALS 130B
Hunter-gatherers
Numeral Bases
WALS 131A
Restricted
M in First Person Singular
WALS 136B
No m in first person singular
M in Second Person Singular
WALS 137B
No m in second person singular

Morphology2

Case Syncretism
WALS 28A
Core cases only
Syncretism in Verbal Person/Number Marking
WALS 29A
No subject person/number marking

Nominal Categories15

Number of Genders
WALS 30A
None
Sex-based and Non-sex-based Gender Systems
WALS 31A
No gender
Systems of Gender Assignment
WALS 32A
No gender
Plurality in Independent Personal Pronouns
WALS 35A
Person-number affixes
Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Independent Pronouns
WALS 39A
No inclusive/exclusive
Inclusive/Exclusive Forms in Pama-Nyungan
WALS 39B
No inclusive/exclusive opposition
Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Verbal Inflection
WALS 40A
No person marking
Third Person Pronouns and Demonstratives
WALS 43A
Related to non-remote demonstratives
Gender Distinctions in Independent Personal Pronouns
WALS 44A
No gender distinctions
Politeness Distinctions in Pronouns
WALS 45A
No politeness distinction
Intensifiers and Reflexive Pronouns
WALS 47A
Identical
Person Marking on Adpositions
WALS 48A
No person marking
Number of Cases
WALS 49A
10 or more cases
Asymmetrical Case-Marking
WALS 50A
Qualitatively asymmetrical
Position of Case Affixes
WALS 51A
Postpositional clitics

Nominal Syntax2

Noun Phrase Conjunction
WALS 63A
'And' different from 'with'
Nominal and Verbal Conjunction
WALS 64A
Identity

Phonology18

Front Rounded Vowels
WALS 11A
None
Syllable Structure
WALS 12A
Moderately complex
Tone
WALS 13A
No tones
Fixed Stress Locations
WALS 14A
Initial
Weight-Sensitive Stress
WALS 15A
Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)
Weight Factors in Weight-Sensitive Stress Systems
WALS 16A
No weight
Rhythm Types
WALS 17A
Trochaic
Absence of Common Consonants
WALS 18A
No fricatives
Presence of Uncommon Consonants
WALS 19A
None
Consonant Inventories
WALS 1A
Moderately small
Vowel Quality Inventories
WALS 2A
Small (2-4)
Consonant-Vowel Ratio
WALS 3A
Moderately high
Voicing in Plosives and Fricatives
WALS 4A
No voicing contrast
Voicing and Gaps in Plosive Systems
WALS 5A
Other
Uvular Consonants
WALS 6A
None
Glottalized Consonants
WALS 7A
No glottalized consonants
Lateral Consonants
WALS 8A
/l/, no obstruent laterals
The Velar Nasal
WALS 9A
Initial velar nasal

Simple Clauses16

Alignment of Verbal Person Marking
WALS 100A
Accusative
Verbal Person Marking
WALS 102A
Both the A and P arguments
Third Person Zero of Verbal Person Marking
WALS 103A
Zero in all 3sg forms
Order of Person Markers on the Verb
WALS 104A
Both orders of A and P occur
Ditransitive Constructions: The Verb 'Give'
WALS 105A
Double-object construction
Passive Constructions
WALS 107A
Absent
Nonperiphrastic Causative Constructions
WALS 111A
Both
Negative Morphemes
WALS 112A
Variation between negative word and affix
Symmetric and Asymmetric Standard Negation
WALS 113A
Both
Subtypes of Asymmetric Standard Negation
WALS 114A
A/Fin
Predicative Possession
WALS 117A
Conjunctional
Predicative Adjectives
WALS 118A
Nonverbal encoding
Nominal and Locational Predication
WALS 119A
Different
Zero Copula for Predicate Nominals
WALS 120A
Possible
Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases
WALS 98A
Ergative - absolutive
Alignment of Case Marking of Pronouns
WALS 99A
Nominative - accusative (standard)

Verbal Categories9

The Morphological Imperative
WALS 70A
Second person number-neutral
The Prohibitive
WALS 71A
Normal imperative + normal negative
Imperative-Hortative Systems
WALS 72A
Neither type of system
The Optative
WALS 73A
Inflectional optative absent
Situational Possibility
WALS 74A
Affixes on verbs
Epistemic Possibility
WALS 75A
Other
Overlap between Situational and Epistemic Modal Marking
WALS 76A
No overlap
Semantic Distinctions of Evidentiality
WALS 77A
Indirect only
Coding of Evidentiality
WALS 78A
Separate particle

Word order21

Order of Negative Morpheme and Verb
WALS 143A
Type 2 / Type 4
Preverbal Negative Morphemes
WALS 143E
None
Postverbal Negative Morphemes
WALS 143F
VNeg&[V-Neg]
Minor morphological means of signaling negation
WALS 143G
None
Position of Negative Word With Respect to Subject, Object, and Verb
WALS 144A
Other
The Position of Negative Morphemes in SOV Languages
WALS 144L
More than one construction
Multiple Negative Constructions in SOV Languages
WALS 144M
SV & OV & VNeg/[V-Neg]
Order of Subject and Verb
WALS 82A
SV
Order of Object and Verb
WALS 83A
OV
Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase
WALS 85A
Postpositions
Order of Genitive and Noun
WALS 86A
Genitive-Noun
Order of Adjective and Noun
WALS 87A
Noun-Adjective
Order of Demonstrative and Noun
WALS 88A
Noun-Demonstrative
Order of Numeral and Noun
WALS 89A
Noun-Numeral
Order of Relative Clause and Noun
WALS 90A
Mixed
Postnominal relative clauses
WALS 90C
NRel or internally-headed
Internally-headed relative clauses
WALS 90D
Internally-headed or NRel
Order of Degree Word and Adjective
WALS 91A
Adjective-Degree word
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase
WALS 95A
OV and Postpositions
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Relative Clause and Noun
WALS 96A
Other
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun
WALS 97A
OV and NAdj

AUS extension

16 features

Alignment5

Case-marking alignment of full (non-pronominal) noun phrases.
AUS extension AUX001
ergative
Case-marking alignment of independent personal pronouns.
AUS extension AUX002
accusative
Alignment of person marking (agreement/bound pronouns) on the verb.
AUS extension AUX003
accusative
Whether full nouns and pronouns use DIFFERENT case alignments (e.g. nouns ergative but pronouns nominative-accusative) — the classic Australian split.
AUS extension AUX004
yes
Whether ergativity is conditioned by the person/NP-type hierarchy (ergative on nouns/3rd, accusative on speech-act pronouns) — a hierarchy-based split.
AUS extension AUX005
yes

Case2

Size of the morphological case inventory on nouns.
AUS extension AUX006
10+
Where case marking sits: suffix, prefix, clitic, tone, stem change.
AUS extension AUX007
postpositional-clitic

Clause1

How 'X has Y' is expressed: locational, genitive, topic, conjunctional, or a 'have' verb.
AUS extension AUX045
conjunctional

Gender2

Count of gender / noun-class categories.
AUS extension AUX021
none
Whether the gender system is sex-based or non-sex-based (or absent).
AUS extension AUX022
none

Negation1

How declarative clauses are negated: affix, particle, negative auxiliary, etc.
AUS extension AUX036
word~affix-variation

Number1

How number is built into independent personal pronouns.
AUS extension AUX018
person-number-affix

Pronoun2

Whether 1st-person non-singular distinguishes inclusive ('we incl. you') from exclusive.
AUS extension AUX019
no
Whether the inclusive/exclusive distinction also appears in verbal person marking.
AUS extension AUX020
no-marking

Syntax1

Prepositions vs postpositions vs no dominant adpositions.
AUS extension AUX039
postpositions

Verb1

Whether grammatical evidentiality is marked, and its scope (direct/indirect).
AUS extension AUX047
indirect-only

Dictionary & lexicon

Open lexical resource available — 326 entries, open licence, not yet ingested here.

English Wiktionary — Category:Pitjantjatjara lemmas

Deep-time position

Bouckaert 2018 tree

Divergence from nearest relative

~905 yr BP

95% HPD 557–1,302 BP

Dates the LANGUAGE lineage (Bouckaert 2018 BEAST tree), NOT a population arrival.

Trace this lineage in the deep-time spread

Codes & sources

Identifiers

Glottolog pitj1243ISO 639-3 pjtAUSTLANG A32 AUSTLANG A83 AUSTLANG C6

Per-facet provenance

Classification: Glottolog 5.3 CLDF (CC-BY-4.0)
Coordinates: Glottolog 5.3 (CC-BY-4.0)
Endangerment: Glottolog AES (CC-BY-4.0)
Grammar: Grambank v1.0.3 / WALS 2020.4 (CC-BY-4.0)
Lexicon: CC-BY-SA-4.0
Deep-time: Bouckaert, Bowern & Atkinson 2018 (Phlorest CLDF, CC-BY-4.0)
Identifiers: Glottolog 5.3 + AIATSIS AUSTLANG

Data-completeness for this profile: name, any id, glottocode, iso639 3, austlang, classification chain, coordinates real, coordinates any, endangerment, grammar profile, lexicon data, deep time dated, autonym candidate. Autonyms are unverified candidates drawn from alt-name lists; coordinates carry a provenance flag; a spreading language lineage is not a moving population. Coverage tier: Comprehensive.