Skip to main content
Mob Translate
Back to the atlas
Gunwinyguan

Ngalakgan

Autonym candidate: Bidungo unverified — from alt-names· 27 name candidates recorded

Documentedextinct· AES 6Located

Classification

Glottolog family tree

Country & location

Glottolog point

-14.4281, 134.7160

Provenance: glottolog

A point locates a language for reference; it never represents the full extent of a people’s Country.

Grammar profile

68 coded · 0 unknown

58 WALS — 68 coded features in total across 58 WALS, 10 AUS extension.

Grambank’s 195 variables are a cross-linguistic baseline— a fixed questionnaire asked of every language — not “the grammar” of Ngalakgan. Read each cell as an answer to a standard typological question. Compare languages in the grammar lens →

Showing 68 of 68 coded features.

WALS

58 features
Complex Sentences1

  • 'Want' Complement Subjects

    WALS 124A

    Desiderative verbal affix
Lexicon4

  • M-T Pronouns

    WALS 136A

    No M-T pronouns

  • M in First Person Singular

    WALS 136B

    No m in first person singular

  • N-M Pronouns

    WALS 137A

    No N-M pronouns

  • M in Second Person Singular

    WALS 137B

    No m in second person singular
Morphology2

  • Prefixing vs. Suffixing in Inflectional Morphology

    WALS 26A

    Weakly suffixing

  • Reduplication

    WALS 27A

    Productive full and partial reduplication
Nominal Categories11

  • Coding of Nominal Plurality

    WALS 33A

    No plural

  • Occurrence of Nominal Plurality

    WALS 34A

    Only human nouns, optional

  • Definite Articles

    WALS 37A

    No definite or indefinite article

  • Indefinite Articles

    WALS 38A

    No definite or indefinite article

  • Distance Contrasts in Demonstratives

    WALS 41A

    Two-way contrast

  • Pronominal and Adnominal Demonstratives

    WALS 42A

    Identical

  • Gender Distinctions in Independent Personal Pronouns

    WALS 44A

    3rd person singular only

  • Person Marking on Adpositions

    WALS 48A

    No adpositions

  • Position of Case Affixes

    WALS 51A

    Case suffixes

  • Comitatives and Instrumentals

    WALS 52A

    Mixed

  • Position of Pronominal Possessive Affixes

    WALS 57A

    Possessive suffixes
Nominal Syntax2

  • Noun Phrase Conjunction

    WALS 63A

    'And' different from 'with'

  • Nominal and Verbal Conjunction

    WALS 64A

    Identity
Phonology4

  • Fixed Stress Locations

    WALS 14A

    Penultimate

  • Weight-Sensitive Stress

    WALS 15A

    Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)

  • Weight Factors in Weight-Sensitive Stress Systems

    WALS 16A

    No weight

  • Rhythm Types

    WALS 17A

    Trochaic
Simple Clauses12

  • Alignment of Verbal Person Marking

    WALS 100A

    Split

  • Verbal Person Marking

    WALS 102A

    Both the A and P arguments

  • Third Person Zero of Verbal Person Marking

    WALS 103A

    Zero in all 3sg forms

  • Order of Person Markers on the Verb

    WALS 104A

    Both orders of A and P occur

  • Ditransitive Constructions: The Verb 'Give'

    WALS 105A

    Secondary-object construction

  • Passive Constructions

    WALS 107A

    Absent

  • Nonperiphrastic Causative Constructions

    WALS 111A

    Morphological but no compound

  • Negative Morphemes

    WALS 112A

    Negative affix

  • Predicative Possession

    WALS 117A

    Conjunctional

  • Predicative Adjectives

    WALS 118A

    Mixed

  • Nominal and Locational Predication

    WALS 119A

    Identical

  • Zero Copula for Predicate Nominals

    WALS 120A

    Possible
Verbal Categories4

  • Position of Tense-Aspect Affixes

    WALS 69A

    Tense-aspect suffixes

  • The Morphological Imperative

    WALS 70A

    No second-person imperatives

  • Imperative-Hortative Systems

    WALS 72A

    Neither type of system

  • The Optative

    WALS 73A

    Inflectional optative absent
Word order18

  • Order of Negative Morpheme and Verb

    WALS 143A

    [V-Neg]

  • Preverbal Negative Morphemes

    WALS 143E

    None

  • Postverbal Negative Morphemes

    WALS 143F

    [V-Neg]

  • Minor morphological means of signaling negation

    WALS 143G

    None

  • Order of Subject, Object and Verb

    WALS 81A

    No dominant order

  • Order of Subject and Verb

    WALS 82A

    No dominant order

  • Order of Object and Verb

    WALS 83A

    No dominant order

  • Order of Object, Oblique, and Verb

    WALS 84A

    No dominant order

  • Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase

    WALS 85A

    No adpositions

  • Order of Genitive and Noun

    WALS 86A

    No dominant order

  • Order of Adjective and Noun

    WALS 87A

    Noun-Adjective

  • Order of Demonstrative and Noun

    WALS 88A

    Demonstrative-Noun

  • Order of Relative Clause and Noun

    WALS 90A

    Noun-Relative clause

  • Postnominal relative clauses

    WALS 90C

    Noun-Relative clause (NRel) dominant

  • Order of Degree Word and Adjective

    WALS 91A

    No dominant order

  • Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase

    WALS 95A

    Other

  • Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Relative Clause and Noun

    WALS 96A

    Other

  • Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun

    WALS 97A

    Other

AUS extension

10 features
Alignment1

  • Alignment of person marking (agreement/bound pronouns) on the verb.

    AUS extension AUX003

    split
Case2

  • Where case marking sits: suffix, prefix, clitic, tone, stem change.

    AUS extension AUX007

    suffix

  • Whether 'with (accompaniment)' and 'with (instrument)' use the same or different marking — a much-discussed Australianist parameter.

    AUS extension AUX009

    mixed
Clause1

  • How 'X has Y' is expressed: locational, genitive, topic, conjunctional, or a 'have' verb.

    AUS extension AUX045

    conjunctional
Negation1

  • How declarative clauses are negated: affix, particle, negative auxiliary, etc.

    AUS extension AUX036

    affix
Number1

  • How nominal plural is coded: suffix, prefix, reduplication, plural word, clitic, none.

    AUS extension AUX017

    none
Syntax2

  • Dominant order of subject, object and verb (often 'no dominant order' in free-word-order Australian languages).

    AUS extension AUX038

    no-dominant-order

  • Prepositions vs postpositions vs no dominant adpositions.

    AUS extension AUX039

    no-adpositions
Verb2

  • Where TAM inflection sits on the verb: prefix, suffix, tone, mixed, none.

    AUS extension AUX026

    suffix

  • Whether reduplication is productive and of what kind (full/partial).

    AUS extension AUX030

    full-and-partial

Dictionary & lexicon

Catalogue pointer only. A lexical resource is recorded but is rights-managed or not openly downloadable, so it is not browsable here. AIATSIS AUSTLANG catalogue entry (N77)

Deep-time position

not dated
Not in the dated phylogeny.Only the ~224 Pama-Nyungan leaves in Bouckaert, Bowern & Atkinson (2018) carry a calibrated age. Many languages — especially the older non-Pama-Nyungan families of the north — are genuine context but have no time-calibrated node, and are never shown as dated.

Codes & sources

Identifiers

Glottolog ngal1293ISO 639-3 nigAUSTLANG N77

Per-facet provenance

Classification
Glottolog 5.3 CLDF (CC-BY-4.0)
Coordinates
Glottolog 5.3 (CC-BY-4.0)
Endangerment
Glottolog AES (CC-BY-4.0)
Grammar
Grambank v1.0.3 / WALS 2020.4 (CC-BY-4.0)
Lexicon
catalogue pointer (rights-managed)
Identifiers
Glottolog 5.3 + AIATSIS AUSTLANG

Data-completeness for this profile: name, any id, glottocode, iso639 3, austlang, classification chain, coordinates real, coordinates any, endangerment, grammar profile, autonym candidate. Autonyms are unverified candidates drawn from alt-name lists; coordinates carry a provenance flag; a spreading language lineage is not a moving population. Coverage tier: Documented.