Skip to main content
Back to the atlas
Iwaidjan Proper

Iwaidja

Autonym candidate: Adawuli unverified — from alt-names· 56 name candidates recorded

Comprehensiveshifting· AES 3Located

Classification

Glottolog family tree

Country & location

Glottolog point

-11.3379, 132.4530

Provenance: glottolog

A point locates a language for reference; it never represents the full extent of a people’s Country.

Grammar profile

94 coded · 2 unknown

66 Grambank + 18 WALS 96 coded features in total across 68 Grambank, 18 WALS, 10 AUS extension.

Grambank’s 195 variables are a cross-linguistic baseline— a fixed questionnaire asked of every language — not “the grammar” of Iwaidja. Read each cell as an answer to a standard typological question. Compare languages in the grammar lens →

Showing 96 of 96 coded features.

Grambank

68 features
Clause and Syntax8
  • Order of numeral and noun in the noun phrase: 1=Numeral-Noun, 2=Noun-Numeral, 3=both orders occur.

    Grambank GB024

    unknown
  • Whether yes/no questions can be marked by intonation alone.

    Grambank GB257

    present
  • Whether yes/no questions can be marked by a special word order.

    Grambank GB260

    absent
  • Whether the comparative uses a form that elsewhere means 'surpass/exceed'.

    Grambank GB265

    absent
  • Whether yes/no questions can be marked by tone.

    Grambank GB291

    absent
  • Whether yes/no questions can be marked by a V-not-V construction.

    Grambank GB297

    absent
  • Whether interrogative quantifiers show a count/mass distinction ('how many' vs 'how much').

    Grambank GB325

    absent
  • Whether content interrogatives normally stay in situ (not fronted).

    Grambank GB326

    absent
Demonstrative3
  • Whether demonstratives make three or more distance contrasts (e.g. near/mid/far).

    Grambank GB035

    absent
  • Whether demonstratives encode an elevation distinction (up-here vs down-there).

    Grambank GB036

    absent
  • Whether demonstratives encode a visible-vs-nonvisible distinction.

    Grambank GB037

    absent
Nominal35
  • Order of an adnominal demonstrative ('this/that') and noun: 1=Dem-Noun, 2=Noun-Dem, 3=both.

    Grambank GB025

    Dem-N
  • Whether independent 3rd-person pronouns mark a gender distinction (he vs she).

    Grambank GB030

    absent
  • Whether every person category has a dual (or unit-augmented) form in addition to plural.

    Grambank GB031

    absent
  • Whether the language has demonstrative classifiers.

    Grambank GB038

    absent
  • Whether there is productive morphological dual marking on nouns.

    Grambank GB043

    absent
  • Whether there is productive morphological plural marking on nouns.

    Grambank GB044

    absent
  • Whether there is an associative plural marker ('X and those associated with X').

    Grambank GB046

    absent
  • Whether words other than verbs or nouns undergo reduplication.

    Grambank GB160

    absent
  • Whether there is productive morphological trial marking on nouns.

    Grambank GB165

    absent
  • Whether there is productive morphological paucal marking on nouns ('a few').

    Grambank GB166

    absent
  • Whether an adjective-like property word can agree with its noun in gender/noun class.

    Grambank GB170

    absent
  • Whether an adnominal demonstrative can agree with its noun in gender/noun class.

    Grambank GB171

    absent
  • Whether an article can agree with its noun in gender/noun class.

    Grambank GB172

    absent
  • Whether the verb marks the animacy of an argument (independent of NP-level gender/class).

    Grambank GB177

    absent
  • Whether an adjective-like property word can agree with its noun in number.

    Grambank GB184

    absent
  • Whether an adnominal demonstrative can agree with its noun in number.

    Grambank GB185

    absent
  • Whether an article can agree with its noun in number.

    Grambank GB186

    absent
  • Whether an adnominal numeral can agree with its noun in gender/noun class.

    Grambank GB198

    absent
  • Whether predicative possession can use a transitive 'have' (habeo) verb.

    Grambank GB250

    absent
  • Whether there is a clause-initial yes/no question particle.

    Grambank GB262

    present
  • Whether there is a clause-final yes/no question particle.

    Grambank GB263

    absent
  • Whether there is a yes/no question particle sitting neither clause-initially nor clause-finally.

    Grambank GB264

    absent
  • Whether yes/no questions can be marked by a question particle plus verbal morphology.

    Grambank GB285

    absent
  • Whether there are special adnominal possessive pronouns not formed by a regular process.

    Grambank GB313

    absent
  • Whether dual number is marked in the NP by a dedicated free (unbound) element.

    Grambank GB317

    absent
  • Whether plural number is marked in the NP by a dedicated free (unbound) element.

    Grambank GB318

    absent
  • Whether trial number is marked in the NP by a dedicated free (unbound) element.

    Grambank GB319

    absent
  • Whether paucal number is marked in the NP by a dedicated free (unbound) element.

    Grambank GB320

    absent
  • Whether adnominal possession can be marked by a prefix on the possessor.

    Grambank GB430

    absent
  • Whether adnominal possession can be marked by a prefix on the possessed noun.

    Grambank GB431

    present
  • Whether adnominal possession can be marked by a suffix on the possessor.

    Grambank GB432

    absent
  • Whether adnominal possession can be marked by a suffix on the possessed noun.

    Grambank GB433

    absent
  • Whether mood can be marked by a non-inflecting particle.

    Grambank GB519

    absent
  • Whether aspect can be marked by a non-inflecting particle.

    Grambank GB520

    absent
  • Whether tense can be marked by a non-inflecting particle.

    Grambank GB521

    absent
Other4
  • Whether there is productive overt singular marking on nouns.

    Grambank GB042

    absent
  • Whether the language has prepositions.

    Grambank GB074

    present
  • Whether the language has postpositions.

    Grambank GB075

    absent
  • Whether singular number is marked in the NP by a dedicated free (unbound) element.

    Grambank GB316

    absent
Pronoun6
  • Whether the pronoun system distinguishes inclusive ('we incl. you') from exclusive ('we excl. you').

    Grambank GB028

    present
  • Whether the language has a logophoric pronoun.

    Grambank GB167

    absent
  • Whether 2nd-person independent pronouns mark a male/female distinction.

    Grambank GB196

    absent
  • Whether 1st-person independent pronouns mark a male/female distinction.

    Grambank GB197

    absent
  • Whether there is a phonologically independent reflexive pronoun.

    Grambank GB305

    present
  • Whether there is a phonologically independent (non-bipartite) reciprocal pronoun.

    Grambank GB306

    present
Verb and Valency12
  • Whether independent oblique personal pronouns carry morphological case.

    Grambank GB073

    absent
  • Whether present tense is overtly marked on the verb.

    Grambank GB082

    unknown
  • Whether mood can be marked by an inflecting auxiliary verb.

    Grambank GB119

    absent
  • Whether aspect can be marked by an inflecting auxiliary verb.

    Grambank GB120

    absent
  • Whether tense can be marked by an inflecting auxiliary verb.

    Grambank GB121

    absent
  • Whether verb compounding is a regular process.

    Grambank GB122

    absent
  • Whether causatives are formed by affixes/clitics on the verb.

    Grambank GB155

    absent
  • Whether yes/no questions can be marked by verbal morphology alone.

    Grambank GB286

    absent
  • Whether standard negation can be marked by an inflecting negative auxiliary verb.

    Grambank GB298

    absent
  • Whether the agent can be expressed overtly in a passive clause ('by ...').

    Grambank GB304

    absent
  • Whether there is a dedicated interrogative verb for content questions ('do-what?').

    Grambank GB324

    absent
  • Whether the S or A argument can be dropped when inferrable from context (pro-drop / null anaphora).

    Grambank GB522

    present

WALS

18 features
Nominal Categories1
  • Position of Pronominal Possessive Affixes

    WALS 57A

    Possessive prefixes
Simple Clauses4
  • Polar Questions

    WALS 116A

    Question particle
  • Predicative Adjectives

    WALS 118A

    Mixed
  • Nominal and Locational Predication

    WALS 119A

    Different
  • Zero Copula for Predicate Nominals

    WALS 120A

    Possible
Verbal Categories1
  • Position of Tense-Aspect Affixes

    WALS 69A

    Tense-aspect suffixes
Word order12
  • Order of Subject, Object and Verb

    WALS 81A

    SVO
  • Order of Subject and Verb

    WALS 82A

    SV
  • Order of Object and Verb

    WALS 83A

    VO
  • Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase

    WALS 85A

    No dominant order
  • Order of Genitive and Noun

    WALS 86A

    Genitive-Noun
  • Order of Adjective and Noun

    WALS 87A

    Adjective-Noun
  • Order of Demonstrative and Noun

    WALS 88A

    Demonstrative-Noun
  • Order of Numeral and Noun

    WALS 89A

    Numeral-Noun
  • Position of Polar Question Particles

    WALS 92A

    In either of two positions
  • Position of Interrogative Phrases in Content Questions

    WALS 93A

    Initial interrogative phrase
  • Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase

    WALS 95A

    Other
  • Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun

    WALS 97A

    VO and AdjN

AUS extension

10 features
Demonstrative1
  • Number of distance contrasts (2, 3+ deictic terms).

    AUS extension AUX023

    two
Number3
  • Productive morphological dual on nouns.

    AUS extension AUX014

    no
  • Productive morphological paucal ('a few') on nouns.

    AUS extension AUX015

    no
  • Productive morphological trial (exactly three) on nouns.

    AUS extension AUX016

    no
Pronoun1
  • Whether independent 3rd-person pronouns mark gender (he/she).

    AUS extension AUX024

    no
Syntax3
  • Dominant order of subject, object and verb (often 'no dominant order' in free-word-order Australian languages).

    AUS extension AUX038

    SVO
  • Prepositions vs postpositions vs no dominant adpositions.

    AUS extension AUX039

    no-dominant-order
  • Whether S/A can be omitted when inferrable — pervasive in bound-pronoun Australian languages.

    AUS extension AUX042

    yes
Valency1
  • Whether causatives are formed by an affix/clitic on the verb.

    AUS extension AUX035

    no
Verb1
  • Where TAM inflection sits on the verb: prefix, suffix, tone, mixed, none.

    AUS extension AUX026

    suffix

Dictionary & lexicon

Open lexical resource available — 20 entries, open licence, not yet ingested here.

English Wiktionary — Category:Iwaidja lemmas

Deep-time position

not dated
Not in the dated phylogeny.Only the ~224 Pama-Nyungan leaves in Bouckaert, Bowern & Atkinson (2018) carry a calibrated age. Many languages — especially the older non-Pama-Nyungan families of the north — are genuine context but have no time-calibrated node, and are never shown as dated.

Codes & sources

Per-facet provenance

Classification
Glottolog 5.3 CLDF (CC-BY-4.0)
Coordinates
Glottolog 5.3 (CC-BY-4.0)
Endangerment
Glottolog AES (CC-BY-4.0)
Grammar
Grambank v1.0.3 / WALS 2020.4 (CC-BY-4.0)
Lexicon
CC-BY-SA-4.0
Identifiers
Glottolog 5.3 + AIATSIS AUSTLANG

Data-completeness for this profile: name, any id, glottocode, iso639 3, austlang, classification chain, coordinates real, coordinates any, endangerment, grammar profile, lexicon data, autonym candidate. Autonyms are unverified candidates drawn from alt-name lists; coordinates carry a provenance flag; a spreading language lineage is not a moving population. Coverage tier: Comprehensive.