Patz grammar §4.1.5 nominal sentences: NP + adjective without copula

Examples: Yinya mayi ngulkurr; Nyungu kalka dudu; Karrkay bambay

No copula generated; simple ABS subject plus adjective predicate.


<translate> The younger brother is sick.


<translate> The younger brother is hungry.


<translate> The younger brother is good.


Patz grammar §4.1.4.3: intransitive core = NP(S) + intransitive verb complex

Past verb form is restricted to a short source-attested surface list.


Nonpast can mean present or future; English rendering uses present.


Patz grammar §4.1.4.4: locative marks location and goal of movement

Examples: Charlie dunga-ny yarraman-anda; Ngayu bada beachmunbu dungan; Nganjiny burrir-a mariji-ny

Locative used as destination/goal of movement.


<translate> The woman went to the house.


<translate> The child went to the house.


<translate> The young man went to the house.


<translate> The mother went to the house.


<translate> The woman went to the water.


<translate> The child went to the water.


<translate> The young man went to the water.


<translate> The mother went to the water.


<translate> The woman went to the ground.


<translate> The girl went to the ground.


<translate> The child went to the ground.


<translate> The young man went to the ground.


<translate> The baby went to the ground.


<translate> The mother went to the ground.


<translate> The young man went to the tree.


<translate> The mother went to the tree.


Patz grammar §4.1.4.3: transitive core = NP(A) + NP(O) + transitive verb complex

A is ergative for nominal agents and nominative for pronoun agents; O is absolutive zero.


<translate> The young man ate the mango.


<translate> The man cooked the firewood.


<translate> The woman cooked the firewood.


<translate> The girl cooked the firewood.


<translate> The child cooked the firewood.


<translate> The young man cooked the fish.


<translate> The young man cooked the food.


<translate> The young man cooked the meat.


<translate> The young man cooked the firewood.


<translate> The young man cooked the mango.


<translate> The baby cooked the firewood.


<translate> The young man got the water.


<translate> The young man got the spear.


<translate> The young man got the knife.


<translate> The young man got the clothes.


<translate> The young man got the firewood.


<translate> The woman saw the young man.


<translate> The woman saw the crocodile.


<translate> The child saw the young man.


<translate> The child saw the crocodile.


<translate> The young man saw the woman.


<translate> The young man saw the child.


<translate> The young man saw the snake.


<translate> The young man saw the crocodile.


<translate> The woman hit the young man.


<translate> The woman hit the crocodile.


<translate> The child hit the young man.


<translate> The child hit the crocodile.


<translate> The young man hit the woman.


<translate> The young man hit the child.


<translate> The young man hit the snake.


<translate> The young man hit the crocodile.


<translate> The snake bit the young man.


<translate> The snake bit the crocodile.


<translate> The crocodile bit the woman.


<translate> The crocodile bit the child.


<translate> The crocodile bit the young man.


<translate> The crocodile bit the snake.


<translate> The young man dug the house.


<translate> The young man dug the ground.


<translate> The young man dug the spear.


<translate> The young man dug the knife.


<translate> The young man dug the clothes.


<translate> The young man dug the firewood.


Patz grammar §3.9.1 and §4.1.5: wawu 'want/like' with dative complement

Examples: Ngayu kulngu-ku wawu jirray; Kaya wawu bajibay-ngka

wawu can mean want or like; English source chooses want for synthetic control.


<translate> The woman wants the clothes.


<translate> The woman wants the firewood.


<translate> The woman wants the language.


<translate> The girl wants the firewood.


<translate> The girl wants the language.


<translate> The child wants the clothes.


<translate> The child wants the firewood.


<translate> The child wants the language.


<translate> The young man wants the food.


<translate> The young man wants the meat.


<translate> The young man wants the water.


<translate> The young man wants the house.


<translate> The young man wants the ground.


<translate> The young man wants the tree.


<translate> The young man wants the rock.


<translate> The young man wants the spear.


<translate> The young man wants the knife.


<translate> The young man wants the clothes.


<translate> The young man wants the firewood.


<translate> The young man wants the language.


<translate> The young man wants the mango.


<translate> The young man wants the dog.


Patz grammar §3.9.1 and §4.1.5: yinil 'afraid' with dative complement

Examples: Maral yinil jarba-nka; Karrkay yinil kiju-nku; Ngayu yinil kuli-baka-nka

Dative complement marks the feared/threatening referent.


<translate> I is afraid of the crocodile.


<translate> You is afraid of the crocodile.


<translate> He is afraid of the crocodile.


<translate> The man is afraid of the dog.


<translate> The man is afraid of the pig.


<translate> The man is afraid of the snake.


<translate> The man is afraid of the crocodile.


<translate> The man is afraid of the eel.


<translate> The woman is afraid of the dog.


<translate> The woman is afraid of the pig.


<translate> The woman is afraid of the snake.


<translate> The woman is afraid of the crocodile.


<translate> The woman is afraid of the eel.


<translate> The girl is afraid of the dog.


<translate> The girl is afraid of the pig.


<translate> The girl is afraid of the snake.


<translate> The girl is afraid of the crocodile.


<translate> The girl is afraid of the eel.


<translate> The child is afraid of the dog.


<translate> The child is afraid of the pig.


<translate> The child is afraid of the snake.


<translate> The child is afraid of the crocodile.


<translate> The child is afraid of the eel.


<translate> The young man is afraid of the dog.


<translate> The young man is afraid of the pig.


<translate> The young man is afraid of the snake.


<translate> The young man is afraid of the crocodile.


<translate> The young man is afraid of the eel.


<translate> The baby is afraid of the dog.


<translate> The baby is afraid of the pig.


<translate> The baby is afraid of the snake.


<translate> The baby is afraid of the crocodile.


<translate> The baby is afraid of the eel.


Patz grammar §3.12: English loan nouns often use -mun before inflection

Local examples include schoolmunbu, truckmunbu, carmunji, storemun, tablebu

Loan row deliberately kept separate for review.


<translate> The woman went with the car.


<translate> The woman got mangoes from the store.