<translate> The old woman said the most useful thing she ever learned about change was to ask, of anything that troubled her, whether it was a thing she could change or a thing she could only change herself to bear, for half of all suffering comes from trying to change what cannot be changed, the weather, the past, another person's heart, and the other half from failing to change what can be, and wisdom, she said, is mostly the slow-won skill of telling the two apart.

Wulbumanangka balkan yamba yukil bajaku nyulu binalman yindumuny nyulu babajinka, yamba nyubun-nyubun nyunya mumbu-manin, yinya yamba nyulu yindu-bungalmuny yambada yamba nyulu nganga nyulu-nyulu yindu-bungal karrbanka, jambul wawu-mumbu wubulku kadan yindu-bungalka yamba nyulu kari yindu-bungalmuny, muyar, ngadiku, bama nyubun nyungu wawu, yindu jambul kari yindu-bungalmuny yamba nyulu yindu-bungalmuny, wawu-yukil, nyulu balkan, nyulu buban-buban manin binal, jambul yinya yindu-yindu nyajilmuny.


<glossary> ngura-nyajil ; type=transitive-verb ; domain=cognition-emotion <usage_example> I'm jealous of that girl with a new dress

Ngayu yinya ngura-nyajin jalbu kambiji jirakalji


<translate> We see the warrabuka yam here.


<translate> The boy was proud and asked: Did I do well, father, and did I keep quiet enough, and will you take me hunting again tomorrow?

Karrkayangka wawu-yalbay babajin: Ngayu ngulkurr ngaran, ngayu wunbu ngulkurr janay, yundu ngayu balbinka wundil baja wunkun?


<translate> After three days the water went down and left new sand everywhere.

Bana dungan, jukar jirakal bawanda yiringkurr.


<translate> A long snake lay across the path in the sun, and the children stood very still and quiet.

Jarba kalbay jinanga dungay wungara, karrkay-karrkay janan wunbu bajaku, kari jalamal.


<translate> We will climb the tree there.


<translate> We two, not you, see the large mud clam here.


<translate> Father took the bark from the ground.


<translate> The left hand learns from the right by stealing its work — let it.

Jakujibu binal-mal jurrubijimuny murni manilnya: bawa nyulu.


<translate> The brown snake bit the dog on the leg, and by the next day the poor dog had died.

Jinkalmu-ngka kaya jina-nga baykan, wungar yindu-ngu kaya wulan.


<translate> The two of them see the shellfish here.


<translate> We two, not you, see the humpy here.


<translate> The old man said: if you see the black sky in the north-west, you know the storm is coming, so build the shelter first.

Mukul-dingkarangka balkan: kaki yundu jiri wujurr kuwanga nyaji, yundu binal jarramali kada-nya, yundu bayan ngara ngadiku.


<glossary> kural ; type=noun ; domain=location-deixis <usage_example> He swam under water


<translate> I saw the jalbil lizard there.


<translate> We, not you, saw the jiwurrmal pheasant cuckoo here.


<translate> The baby is sleeping — don't shout!


<translate> I carry the baby on my back all day long lest it cry for its mother.

Ngayu ngawa jarrakulba-l muku-ngu wungar wubulku, banbadi-nyji ngamu-ka.


<translate> They saw the small patch of scrub here.


<translate> We two, not you, saw the sandfly here.


<translate> The old man is blind now — his eyes are stale and white — but he still knows all the old stories.

Mukul-dingkar miyil-burra niji, nyungu miyil balbal, yamba nyulu kuku mukul narmba binal.


<translate> The two of them see the grass wallaby here.


<translate> They saw the barka snake here.


<translate> The child hurt himself when he fell from the branch of the fig tree.

Karrkay bambay-bunga-ji, nyulu dukal-juku-mu dakil-muny daray.


<translate> The man saw the grey kangaroo at the camp.


<translate> They hunted the wallaby into the scrub; the dogs ran ahead of them; they speared it together; and they carried the meat back to their camp.

Jana kadar madjanga balbin; kaya jana maku warrin; jana muru daman; jana minya jananga bayan-mundu wundinda.


<translate> We all, not you, saw the bamboo stick here.


<translate> You all see the julbal tree there.


<translate> You all see the crocodile there.


<translate> We two, not you, see the whip snake here.


<glossary> dubal ; type=noun ; domain=artefact <usage_example> My child is sleeping in the coolamon


<translate> They saw the red king parrot.


<translate> Wash your hands well in the clean water before you eat the fresh cooked meat.

Mara julurri-ji-ka bana ngulkurr-ba, minya jani nuka-nyjiku.


<translate> If you see the sea turtle come up to breathe, stay very still, because if it hears you it will dive and not come back.

Kaki yundu ngawiya nyaji nyulu wangkara kada, yundu dandi bunda, kaki nyulu yundu milkabu nyaji, nyulu bada dungay, kariku kaday baja.


<translate> The stingray buries itself so well in the sand that a person can put a foot on it without seeing it at all.

Yawu jukar-a nyungu-nyungu ngulkurr-baja-ku ngakijin, bama nyulu jina yinya-nga wunan nyaji-kari.


<translate> The old man said in the old days when they took a big animal, the whole thing went into a great earth oven and fed the whole camp for two days, and nothing was wasted — the fat, the liver, the marrow, the tail — for to waste any part of a creature that gave its life was the deepest kind of disrespect.

Mukulungku dingkarangka balkan: ngadiku jana minya yalbay manin, yamba wubulku kurrma yalbay-mba dungan bayan wubulku daya jambul wungar, yamba nyubun kari kudamundu — wandul, jiba, kuku-mula, junkan — minya nyulu nyungu wawu dajinmu yamba nyubun kudamundu bawal mumbu bada bajaku.


<translate> I do not know where my own digging-stick is, the old woman said crossly, for I set it down somewhere and cannot find it again now.

Ngayu kari binal ngayku baka-juku wanjabu, mukul-jalbu balkan kuli-bu, ngayu wanjabu bawan, kari-baja mani-nka.


<translate> You and I saw the julbal tree there.


<glossary> yanday-nyajil ; type=transitive-verb ; domain=perception <usage_example> I overheard them


<translate> The sun climbs slowly up the sky all morning, and by midday it burns hot upon the open plain.

Wungar wangkar daka buban-buban wunkuwingku wubulku, wungar wangkar-wangkar wumbul wajun bubu ngalkal-ba.


<translate> Long ago the people lived by the sea.


<translate> That wallaby is running fast across the plain; the dogs cannot catch it in the long grass.

Yinya kadar warri bajaku bubu-burr; kaya kari mani jikan kalbay-mba.


<translate> The girl overcooked the food.


<translate> We brought water from the house.


<translate> They hear the thunderstorm there.


<glossary> wurril ; type=adverb ; domain=manner <usage_example> Don't sit on the edge of the boat, sit right

Yundu wurril kari bunday boatbu. Junkayku bunday.


<translate> The angry man threw his spear hard into the ground and walked away without a single word.

Dingkar kuli-bu kalka nyungu daman bubu-ngu junkurr, jilban kuku-kari nyubun-bu.


<translate> The two of them see the nyumbil coolibah tree here.


<translate> The two of them saw the mirrbangku pencil cedar tree there.


<translate> The child asked father about water.


<translate> He saw the jabil lizard here.


<translate> The log from the tree lay on the ground.


<translate> His father smiled at the boy's eagerness and said: Yes, it is time; a hunter who wakes with the question already in his mouth will never go hungry.

Nyungu dingkarangka karrkaymu wawu-junkurrka yajarrin, balkan: Yuwu, wungar nyiku; balbibama nyulu babaji ngandalba wandil kari dakwuy yabarrka.


<translate> The two dogs ran from the camp, along the track, all the way to the big river in the north.

Kaya jambul bayan-muny wanarrin, jina-burr, wawubaja yalbay kungkarr-ka wubulku.


<translate> We two, not you, saw the jimu grasshopper here.


<translate> Each of the two brothers took a different path, but both came home to the same old camp.

Yaba jambul-bu jina yindu-yindu manin, yamba jambul bayan yala-ka kadan.


<translate> In the long hot season the sun is fierce, and the people look for shade and water.

Wangariji-nga wungar wumbul-baja, bama wabarr, bana baja warrmba-bunga-l.


<translate> The man got the fish net at the sea.


<translate> They saw the kungkun snake here.


<translate> The old man said that of all the creatures the little ones taught the most, for the ant showed the value of working together, the bee showed that sweetness is worth guarding and worth sharing, the spider showed patience and the making of fine things, and the small quiet bird showed that you do not need to be big or loud to know the whole country and sing your own true song in it.

Mukulungku dingkarangka balkan minya wubulmuny buban-buban milbin ngulkurr-baja, jabarrangkul milbin nyubun-nyubunji kirrajilmu yukil, dabu milbin jiba-wulay karrbalmu yukil dayalmu yukil, malal milbin maku-janal yamba yukil bungalmu, buyi buban dandi milbin yundu kari yalbay kuku-yalbay bubu wubulku binalka nyungu wulngku-badi ngadiku ngunduka badinka.


<translate> We two (not you) see the torch here.


<glossary> yalkaji ; type=intransitive-verb ; domain=motion-travel <usage_example> He's limping with sore on his feet

Nyulu yalkan-yalkan-yalkaji, jina bajiji


<translate> The mother's brother took the boy out hunting, the old man said, and taught him the names of all the country and its waters as they walked together.

Kalnga-ngku karrkay balbi-nka wundi, mukul-dingkar balkan, nyulu binal-bungal bubu bana-jirr wubulku-mu burri jilba-jilba-nya jana.


<glossary> maku ; type=locational ; domain=location-deixis <usage_example> The boat was coming toward him


<translate> We all, not you, see the oyster there.


<glossary> yarangkay ; type=intransitive-verb ; domain=bodily-mental-state <usage_example> He fell and sprained his ankle


<translate> We saw the marril ti tree here.


<translate> We two, not you, see the swallow there.


<translate> The hungry children ate near the fire.

Karrkay-karrkay dakwuy nukan baya ngundu-ba.


<translate> The old woman said: I should have listened to my mother when she warned me about that man, but I was young and my ears were full of my own wanting, and by the time I understood she was right, it was already too late to undo what was done.

Wulbumanangka balkan: Ngayu ngamu wukurrinyaku nyulu nganya yinya dingkarmuny milbinya, yambada ngayu warru ngayku milka wawubu buwun, ngayu binalnya nyulu yukil, yinya dukul kilba-baja yamba bunganmu mumbu-bungalka.


<translate> The big crocodile lay still on the muddy bank, watching the animals come down to drink.

Bilngkumu yalbay bana karangkal janka wuna-l, minya nyaji-l bana-ka kada-nya.


<translate> The gecko is a good friend to have in the shelter, the old woman said, for it eats the mosquitoes and the moths all night and asks for nothing in return.

Bilbil-bilbil jawun ngulkurr wurun-ba, mukul-jalbu balkan, nyulu kamu ngirran-jirr wujurr narmba nuka, yamba-kari wawu-ma-l.


<translate> I saw the yirku-yirku frog there.


<glossary> nyirray ; type=noun ; domain=speech-communication <usage_example> That child is always crying


<translate> Grandfather saw the shark in the water.


<translate> The old man said the reason our people survived a thousand generations in a hard land is not that we were stronger or cleverer than others, but that we never, ever let each other starve alone, and that willingness to share the last of the food is the whole of the law.

Mukulungku dingkarangka balkan: ngana bama nyubun wungar wubulmuny bubu dandinga janay kari ngana junkurr-baja binal-baja bama yindumuny, yambada ngana kari yabarrka nyubun-nyubun nganga dakwuy wulanka bawan, yinya wawu mayi bajaku daji-wayka kuku wubulku nganga.


<translate> You all see the frill necked lizard there.


<translate> The hunter's two dogs waited quietly in the shade beside the deep water hole.

Balbi-bama-mu kaya jambul wabarr-ba janka bundan, bana janku dukurr ngundu.


<translate> The old man showed the boy the vine that marks a good yam below, and said: follow the vine down and the food is always there.

Mukul-dingkarangka karrkay nyaji-mani wangay bambayal ngulkurr bada-bada, balkan: wangay bada nyunba, mayi yinya-ba wubulku.


<translate> The girl asked grandfather about water.


<translate> The young man kept standing at the edge of the camp, watching the track, for his brother had said he would come back today.

Warru janjanay bayan wangkar-a, jina nyaji-nyaji, nyungu yaba balkan nyulu kaday-baja niji.


<glossary> bakal ; type=transitive-verb ; domain=manipulation-impact <usage_example> They dug a hole


<glossary> babi ; type=noun ; domain=kinship <usage_example> Grand mother is looking after her grandchild


<translate> I brought the stone from the house.


<translate> The frog says the rain's name all night, and the rain always comes at last to hear its song — patience with a name attached.

Yudaybu burri kabamuny balkal wujurr wubulku, kaba kadal yabarrka badaku wulngku nyungu milka-jananka: wawu-karrba burri-ji.


<translate> You all saw the kajimarra food here.


<translate> Mother sees the wild plum here.


<glossary> nganga ; type=adverb ; domain=grammatical-particle <usage_example> I came for just a little bit, have to get back to cook

Ngayu nganga kadan. Ngayu dungay baja mayika wayjul


<translate> He wanted to give the clothes to the girl with no money.

Nyulu wawu kambi daji-nka jalbu-buban-anda mani-kari-nda.


<translate> We see the white-tailed rat here.


<translate> Build the fire here, out of the wind.


<translate> Then the old man stood up, took his long spear, and walked out into the cold grey morning.

Yinyamun mukul-dingkar wandin, nyungu kalka kalbay manin, ngalkal jilban ngiki wulman wunkuwingku.


<translate> The old woman said a group of people can be changed together, for a whole camp can slowly grow generous or slowly grow mean, slowly grow brave or slowly grow fearful, taking its temper from its leaders and its stories, so that changing a people is not done person by person but by changing the stories they tell and the deeds they praise, and she said this is why the old people guarded the stories so carefully, for whoever changes a people's stories slowly changes the people themselves.

Wulbumanangka balkan bama-wubul yindu-bungal nyubunji, bayan wubulku buban-buban dayal-bama-mal yambada buban-buban jakay-dandi-mal, buban-buban junkurr-mal yambada buban-buban yinil-mal, manil nyungu yala kuku-bama-muny kuku-jangkar-muny, bama-wubul yindu-bungal nyulu kari bama nyubun-nyubun yambada yindu-bungal kuku-jangkar jana balkalmuny murni jana yulmbarrilmuny baja, nyulu balkan yinya wanyurrinku bama mukul kuku-jangkar karrban junkurr bajaku, wanya kuku-jangkar bama nyungu yindu-bungal nyulu buban-buban bama nyulu-nyulu yindu-bungal.


<translate> The mother held the child close to the fire lest it grow cold in the night.

Ngamungku karrkay kunjin ngundu karrban, nyulu wujurrbu kiway-manyji.


<translate> She asked all the old women of the camp about the medicine leaves for the child's bad fever.

Nyulu mukul-jalbu narmba bayan-mu-nda babajin, birra kalbal-ka karrkay wumbul-buyun-ka.


<translate> I like very much the tree with many big leaves.

Ngayu wawu jirray juku-ku birra-jirr-ka jabajaba-jirr-ka.


<translate> They saw the clay pipe there.


<translate> Those stones there are close together.


<translate> You saw the wooden sword there.


<glossary> yimbal ; type=transitive-verb ; domain=manipulation-impact <usage_example> He shouldn't come so close


<translate> We saw the woman only after she had come in from the garden with the yams, the old man said, and we did not know she had been away.

Nganjin jalbu nyaji-n, wawu-wala-nya-muny mayi-bubu-muny bambayal-jirr, mukul-dingkar balkan, nganjin kari binal nyulu dunga-n.


<translate> In the early morning the men went out onto the grassy flats to hunt the wallabies that fed there in the cool before the sun grew hot.

Wunkuwingku dingkar-dingkarangka bubu jikanba dungan darrba balbinka, jana wanja nukanya kiway wungar wumbulmanyjiku.


<translate> The children ran to their mother's father, calling him by the kin name.

Karrkay-karrkay ngaji-nka warri kadan, nyunguny kunjan kuku-jawun-bu.


<translate> They saw the jumper ant here.


<glossary> yimarr-yiman ; type=adjective ; domain=body-part <usage_example> That man has a round face


<translate> You see the bingkajiri tree there.


<translate> Father sees the black scrub goanna.


<translate> The dog keeps running around at the camp.


<translate> Auntie found scrub-hen eggs. She cooked them in the ashes. The children ate them all.

Bimayngka jarruka nyajin. Nyulu wayjun nulungu. Karrkay-karrkayangka nukanyarrku.


<translate> Grandfather put the fish net in the bag.


<translate> The cat stretches itself in the warm sun after it has eaten.

Buji jika-ji wungar wumbul-a, nuka-ny-muny.


<translate> The mother held the child close to the fire lest it grow cold in the night.


<glossary> karangal ; type=intransitive-verb ; domain=perception <usage_example> That man sneaked around to see if there was any meat


<translate> The two young men were worn out from carrying the great heavy turtle so far up the steep sand to the camp, the old man said, and they rested a long while.

Warru jambul baja-burray, ngawiya yalbay kulngkul jarra-kulba-nya kala-kalbay jukar jarra-jarra-ka bayan-ka, mukul-dingkar balkan, jana wuna wumbul marri.


<translate> You two see the bamboo spear stick here.


<translate> The woman kneaded the damper.


<translate> They see the dirrmbay seagull there.


<glossary> ngaral ; type=transitive-verb ; domain=manipulation-impact <usage_example> The carpenters are building a house

Jana carpenter-carpenterangka bayan ngaral-ngaral


<translate> You all saw the jalkay salmon here.


<translate> The woman's husband shot a big fat pig down in the thick swamp scrub.

Jalbu-ndamun-du dunyu-ngku bikibiki yalbay kunin, daburri madja-nga.


<translate> He hit the hard wood again and again with the stone axe until the tall tree finally fell down.

Nyulu juku junkurr kuni-l-kuni-n warrbi-bu, juku kalbay dara-nyjiku bada.


<translate> The old man stayed in the scrub with the baby.


<translate> The first taste is for the finder, the second for the carrier, the third for the fire-keeper, the old woman kept the small honoring alive: three little thanks before the meal, so that no work walks invisible.

Nganja-ngurr bama maninmunyka, nganja jambulku bama wundinmunyka, nganja kulurku baya-kuji-bamanka, wulbumanangka murni buban yinya juran karrban: yulmbarril buban kulur mayi ngadiku, murni nyubunbu kariku jilbal nyajil-kari.


<translate> My mother and my elder sister went to the river to dig for roots, but my younger brother stayed in the camp with grandmother.

Ngayku ngamu babarr wawubajanga dungan bangkan bakanka, yambada ngayku yabaju bayanba bundan babi-ji.


<translate> We see the son or daughter here.


<translate> Dad went hunting with uncle. They speared a wallaby in the scrub. Granny cooked it in the earth oven.

Nganjan kalnganji dungan, minyaka. Bula madjanga kadar daman. Babingka wayjun kurrmanga.


<translate> At the first sign of the cold season the family moved down to the coast: they gathered at the old shore camp, the men set the big nets in the channel and the women worked the reef, they smoked and dried the great catch for days, packed the dried fish into bark bundles, and then carried the winter food back up to the ranges before the first frost came.

kiway-kiway wungar ngadikungu jawun-karra jalun-mundu badan: bama jalun-bayan mukulba bangkan, dingkar makarr yalbay bana-dukurr-bu yijarrin jalbu jalun-ba kirrajin, kuyu yalbay kubu-manin kiway-manin wungar wubulku, kuyu kiway-kiway kambi-bundu-bu buwan, yalada kiway-mayi yumal-mundu wangkar jarrakulbanda jina-kiway ngadiku kadanya.


<translate> He was so angry in his head that his face went dark and his hands were shaking badly.

Nyulu dukul-wuri baja, nyungu walu ngungul-ma-n, nyungu mara yararri-yararri buyun.


<translate> I saw the dakwul-dakwul scrub bird there.


<translate> We see the king parrot there.


<translate> The children always used to stay down by the water while the women dug for yams in the sand.

Karrkay-karrkay bana ngundu bundanday, jalbu-ngka wukay bakal-bakal jukar-a.


<glossary> mungkil ; type=transitive-verb ; domain=hunting-fishing-gathering <usage_example> They speared lots of different kinds of fish

Bula minya wali-yindu walu-yindu kalkabu mungkin


<translate> He sees the straw-necked ibis here.


<translate> After the burying we sat quietly for a long time, and nobody wanted to speak first.

Wawu-wula-muny ngana bundan wunbu kalbay, bama nyubunbu kari wawu-manin balkanka ngadiku-ngurr.


<translate> They made a net with tree bark.


<translate> They see the queenfish there.


<translate> The child saw grandmother's upper leg.


<translate> The child watched the man making a spear.

Karrkay-ngku dingkar nyaji-l-nyaji-n, kalka bunga-l-bunga-nya.


<translate> The pigeons flew from the big tree.


<translate> The women ground the hard seeds into meal on a big flat grinding stone by the morning fire.

Jalbu-ngku mayi junkurr murnin kulji yalbay-bu, baya ngundu wunkuwingku.


<translate> At the end the old woman turned the whole year once in her two hands like a grinding stone: the hot builds the storms, the storms uncover the wet, the wet fills the country, the drying turns the grass to seed, the cold washes the sky and fattens the fish, and then the hot stands up again, so the year is a round song, she said, and a person who knows all its verses is never lost in time, any more than a singer is lost inside a song.

Badanga wulbumanangka wungar-jina wubulku murnin nyubunbu marabu jambulbu yala kulji-yurril: wangariji jarramali bungal, jarramalibu bana-wungar warmba-bungal, bana-wungarbu bubu jakal-bungal, wungar marral-manya jikan diburr-mal, bulur-ijibu jiri julurril kuyu wandul-bungal, yalada wangariji janay baja, yalada wungar-jina nyulu wulngku murru, nyulu balkan, bama nyulu wulngku-yamba wubulku binal nyulu kari bada-manin wungara, yala wulngku-bama kari bada-manin wulngkungu.


<translate> The child saw the cloud outside.

Karrkay-ngku ngurrban ngalkal-ba nyajin.


<translate> The old man called out again and again across the wide valley, but no answer ever came back.

Mukul-dingkar yirrka-l-yirrka-n jamba kalbay-burr, yamba kari balka kadan baja.


<translate> The old woman said the fig tree is a whole world of its own, feeding the flying foxes and the pigeons and the people, hiding the possums in its hollows and the pythons along its great limbs, and its shade holding the biggest camp, so she taught that to sit under an old fig in fruit is to sit at the richest table in the country, shared by every living thing at once.

Wulbumanangka balkan dukal-juku nyulu bubu nyubun nyungu-nyungu, kambi bakamu bama baja dayal, yawa nyungu dimbirrba buyan bajalji nyungu dakil yalbay-mba baja, nyungu wabarr bayan yalbay bajaku karrbal, nyulu milbin dukal mukul mayi-mabi ngunduku bundanka yala bubu yamba-ji bajakungu bundal, minya wula-mabi wubulku daji-way nyubunku.


<translate> Do not be afraid of the small snake; it is not the bad one that bites and kills people.

Kari yinil jarba buban-ka, yinya kari buyun bama bayka-l kuni-l.


<translate> Father washed mother's hand.


<translate> When the stones were hot she raked out the coals, laid down a thick bed of wet green leaves, put the food on top — the wrapped fish, the yams, the meat — covered it with more wet leaves and then a thick blanket of earth, and sealed it so no steam escaped, and left it to cook slowly in its own heat.

Kulji wumbul janay-mba nyulu ngunjil bangkan, birra duna junkurr bada yijarrin, mayi wangkar daya — kuyu buwun, juwal, minya baja — birra duna wubul baja wangkar-manin, bubu junkurr baja, karra nyulu bana-kubu kari dungay, bawan nyulu nganga wumbulba buban-buban wajunku.


<translate> The old people said that true words must be held, heard, and given to the children.

Mukul-bama balkan, kuku yukil karrba-nka, nyaji-nka, karrkay-karrkay-nka daji-nka.


<translate> We two, not you, saw the kundurr-kundurr crescent perch here.


<translate> The old man said you should never mock any creature, not the ugly grub or the biting fly or the slow blue-tongue, for each one has survived in the country far longer than any person's family line, and each holds a piece of knowledge about how to live here, and the person who watches humbly and learns from even the smallest is the one who grows truly wise.

Mukulungku dingkarangka balkan yundu kariku minya nyubun bikirr-manil, kari jambun mumbu kari waja-baykal kari bajabaja bada, minya nyubun wubulku wula-manin bubungu kala-kalbay-baja bama nyubun nyungu jawun-karra-jinamuny, minya nyubun karrbal buban binal yala wunayka yinya, bama nyulu janka-wawu-yukilbu nyajil binalman minya buban-buban baja nyulu nyubun binal yukil bajaku janay.


<translate> Mother took water, cooked food, and then rested.

Ngamu-ngku bana wundin, mayi wajun, wunanan-da.


<glossary> jimal damal ; type=transitive-verb ; domain=fire <usage_example> The old man made a fire with a fire stick to cook food


<translate> They see the nikar oyster here.


<glossary> balanbalan ; type=adjective ; domain=physical-property <usage_example> When you camp out, you should build your shelter on flat ground

Yundu balnhi wunay, bayan ngara bubunga balanbalanba


<translate> He saw the karrkil jumper ant there.


<translate> We two, not you, saw the ngumbul snake there.


<translate> The man watched the young man spearing fish.

Dingkar-angka warru nyaji-l-nyaji-n, kuyu dama-l-dama-nya.


<translate> The old woman said the mark of a person who has truly grown is not that they no longer feel jealousy or anger or fear, but that these feelings no longer own them: they are guests now, not masters.

Wulbumanangka balkan: bama nyulu yukil kambanmuny nyungu milbil kari nyulu ngujan dukul-wuri yinil kari milkal, yambada yinya wawu kari nyulu kujil: jana nyiku bama yindu, kari kujibama.


<translate> The two of them see the death adder there.


<translate> The old man could tell every snake by its track in the dust, the old woman said, the broad mark of the python and the thin quick line of the whip snake.

Mukul-dingkar jarba wubulku-mu jina jukar-a binal, mukul-jalbu balkan, kabul-mu jina yalbay, jijirrbay-mu jina dumbi bila.


<translate> The old man said the flame cooks the outside and leaves the inside raw, but the earth oven cooks slowly from every side at once and cooks the food all the way through, and this is a lesson about people too: quick heat only scorches the surface, but patient warmth changes a person all the way to the middle.

Mukulungku dingkarangka balkan: wula ngalanga wajul dukurr-bu nganja bawal, kurrma buban-buban wubulku ngundumuny nyubunku wajul mayi wubulku dukurr-mundu jani-manil, yinya milbil bamamu baja: wumbul warri ngalanga nganja jirra-manil, wumbul maku-janal bama murni-manil dukurr-bu bajaku.


<translate> Don't go with that drunkard; he only makes trouble for everyone in the whole camp.

Kari dunga-y yinya-nji kamu-baka-nji! Nyulu bama wubul-ka yamba buban-manil.


<translate> In the wet season the scrub is full of fruit, and no one goes hungry.

Bana-wungar-a madja jidu-nji yajin, bama wubul kari dakwuy.


<translate> We saw the grasshopper here.


<translate> The two old women told each other stories all the long afternoon.

Wulbuman bula kuku balka-n-balka-way, wungar bada wubulku.


<translate> The father asked the young man: "To whom did you give my long spear and my good hunting boomerang?"

Nganjan-angka warru babajin: Wanyanka yundu ngayku kalka kalbay wangal balbi-mu dajin?


<translate> You two saw the jirimandi coconut tree there.


<translate> We two, not you, saw the yuray snake there.


<translate> You all see the squid there.


<translate> Mother sees the morning star here.


<translate> You all saw the jalkay salmon there.


<translate> The old woman held the sick child's hot little body close all through the cold, cold night.

Mukul-jalbu-ngka karrkay bambay bangkarr wumbul buban ngundu-baja karrban, wujurr ngiki wubulku.


<translate> Read the tide before you promise fish, the old woman taught the boastful young man: at low tide the reef gives mussels and the crab holes stand open, at high tide the net does the working, and between the two stands the strongest hour, when the water turns and every swimming creature moves, so promise fish after you have looked at the water, not before.

Yira nyaji kuyu balkanka ngadiku, wulbumanangka warru kuku-yalbaynka milbin: ngajalba kulji dayal mukirr, kiju bayan janay ngalkal, balara makarrbu murni murnil, jambulba janay wungar junkurr bajaku, bana murninya minya maraji-bama wubulku dungay, yalada balka kuyu bana nyajinmuny badaku, kari ngadiku.


<translate> Grandfather asked the young woman: "When will you come?"

Kami warru-jalbu-ndu babajin: "Wanjawanja yundu kada-y?"


<glossary> jarra-jarra ; type=adjective ; domain=dimension-size <usage_example> They were grown up in the head (mind)


<translate> Uncle told that story three times at the fire.

Kalngangka yinya kuku balkan kulur bayanga.


<translate> The two of them see the ground here.


<translate> After the evening meal the whole camp gathered at the big fire, and the old man began the night's stories.

Mayi yilay-yilaymu nukanmuny, bayan wubulku baya yalbaymba bangkan, mukulungku dingkarangka kuku kunarangkalmu badinyarr.


<translate> The old woman said the yams have many names because they have many natures: juwal is the long one, kawu the round one, bambayal the deep one that waits for the digging, and the one who knows the names digs no empty holes.

Wulbumanangka balkan juwal-jina kuku-ji wubul-ji, jana yamba-ji wubul-ji: juwal nyulu kalbay, kawu nyulu murru, bambayal nyulu dukurr nyulu janay bakanka, bama nyulu kuku binal nyulu kariku bubu nganga bakal.


<translate> We two, not you, saw the barrbal black bream here.


<translate> The sea wind rises with the morning and lies down with the falling sun, the old man told the young men of the water: go out on the land's breath in the dark morning, come home on the sea's breath as the sun falls, and you will work half as much and live twice as long.

Muyar jalunmuny wandil muduwajuny, wunay wungar daraynya, mukulungku dingkarangka warru-warru banamuny milbin: dungay jalunka wawubu bubumuny wujurrba muduwajuny, kaday bayanka wawubu jalunmuny wungar daraynya, yundu murnil buban-baja, yundu juran kalbay-baja.


<translate> Mother watched the baby sleeping.

Ngamu-ngku ngawa nyaji-l-nyaji-n, warngku-wuna-nya.


<translate> You saw the kaykay-kaykay children here.


<translate> The boy slept well that night and every night after, for he had learned the oldest cure for fear: to look at it, to name it, and to share it with someone who is not afraid.

Karrkay ngulkurr warngku wunan yinya kunarangkal, kunarangkal wubulku baja, nyulu binalman yinilmu kakawarri ngadiku bajaku: nyajinka, kunjanka, bama yinil-kariji daji-wayka.


<translate> The child asked the dillybag expert about dillybags.

Karrkay mala-balji-nda babajin balji-ka.


<translate> We see the bamboo spear stick there.


<translate> The old man read the tracks in the sand — the foot of the dingo, the foot of the goanna.

Mukul-dingkarangka jina ngaran jukar-a — murramu-mu jina, jadi-mu jina.


<translate> I see the diri-diri sandfly there.


<translate> The spotted eagle ray is here.


<translate> They see the yarrka bee there.


<translate> A tool unshared grows dull twice, the old man passed the axe along the line: once at the edge, once at the heart — the blade gets good on work, and the maker gets good on thanks.

Yamba-murni wambajin-kari mumbu-mal jambulku, mukulungku dingkarangka warrbi dayan baralburr: nyubun dirraba, nyubun wawuba, dirra yukil-mal murnibu, bunga-bama yukil-mal yulmbarrilbu.


<glossary> walu-nukal ; type=intransitive-verb ; domain=cognition-emotion <usage_example> I'm annoyed, too much noise


<glossary> ngunya-ngunya ; type=noun ; domain=cognition-emotion <usage_example> I imagined I got a knife


<translate> The fire is the heart of the camp, he thought, and the stories are the fire of the people, and neither must ever go out.

Baya bayanmu jibar, nyulu milka-bu baykan, kuku bamamu baya, jambulku kari yabarrka wulanka.


<translate> The reef opens and closes on the tide's order, the old woman drilled the children again and again: go out as the water falls, work the low, turn back when the water turns, be home before the channels fill — four words, always the same, and the sea forgives nobody who changes them, so walk this one exactly as the grandmothers walked it.

Jalun-bubu ngalkal-mal nandaji yira jinanji, wulbumanangka karrkay-karrkay milbin baja baja: dungay bana daraynya, murni ngajalba, murni baja bana murninya, bayanka bana-baral jakal-manyjiku, kuku jambul-jambul, yabarrka nyubun yala, jalunbu kariku bawal bama kuku yindu-bungalmuny, yalada jilba yinya yala babi-karrangka jilbanmuny.


<translate> Sweep the whole house thoroughly.


<lexeme> Rattlesnake point - Fritz Creek


<translate> They saw the yarrka bee here.


<translate> The women are talking about the children.


<translate> We two, not you, saw the ngarkay waterhen there.


<translate> You two see the mirrbangku pencil cedar tree here.


<translate> Mother sees the hairy yam here.


<translate> Why is the child crying? He cut himself on a stone, but the grandmother washed it, and now he is getting better.

Wanyurrinku karrkay badil? Nyulu kulji-bu yaka-jin, yambada babingka julurrin, nyulu ngulkurr-mal.


<translate> Father followed me from behind.

Nganjan-angka nganya wukurrin kudamundu.


<translate> The possum bit the boy's hand hard, so he let it go, and it ran back up the tall tree.

Yawa karrkay mara baykan junkurr, nyulu daya, yawa juku kalbay wangkar nyunban.


<translate> The children play the whole long day in the warm sun, and they sleep when the night comes at last.

Karrkay-karrkay wungar wubulku yajarri-l wumbul-ba, jana warngku wuna wujurr kada-nya.


<translate> The old woman said if you keep a secret for someone, keep it even after they have wronged you, even after they are dead, for a secret kept only while convenient was never truly kept at all, and the whole worth of your word is that it holds exactly when it would be easiest to let go.

Wulbumanangka balkan: kaki yundu kuku-janka bamanka karrba, karrba nyulu yundu mumbu-bunganmuny baja, nyulu wulanmuny baja, kuku-janka nyulu nganga ngulkurr-wungara karrban kariku yabarrka karrbanmu, nyungu kuku wubul dandi nyulu karrbal yinya wungara nyulu buban-baja nganga bawanka.


<translate> You all saw the kawarr bloodwood tree there.


<glossary> balbal ; type=transitive-verb ; domain=perception <usage_example> The sun shone brightly


<translate> They see the toadfish there.


<translate> Father left the rope on the ground.


<translate> The old man said the questions a people stops asking mark the edges of what it has given up on, for a people that no longer asks where the missing ones went, or why the young are leaving, or how the old ways could be kept, has already half-surrendered, so he made it a duty to keep asking the hard uncomfortable questions aloud, even when no answer came, for the asking itself keeps a door open that silence would close.

Mukulungku dingkarangka balkan kuku bama wubul bawan babajinka jarra bubu-ngu wanya nyulu bawanmuny, bama nyulu kari babajil wanja jana bawanmuny dunganmuny, yambada wanyurrinku warru dungay, yambada wanjarr kuku ngadiku karrbal, nyulu ngadiku dukurr-baja bawan, nyulu bungan kuku ngadiku junkurr dandi babajinka kuku-mundu, kuku-yukil kari kadanya baja, babajil nyulu-nyulu bubu karra-kari karrbal dandi nyulu kajalmuny.


<translate> The dog barked while the strangers were walking toward the camp in the dark.

Kaya yirrkan, bama-yindu bayan-mundu jilba-nya wujurrbu.


<translate> I see the hickory tree here.


<glossary> dalkiji ; type=noun ; domain=manipulation-impact <usage_example> the mother beat up the child


<translate> We see the freshwater prawn here.


<translate> The old man said the river is patient and always gives you another day to cross, but it never gives back a life, so when in doubt, wait — the far bank will still be there tomorrow.

Mukulungku dingkarangka balkan: bana maku-janay, yabarrka yundu wungar yindu bana dunganka dajil, yambada wawu kari dajil baja, yundu binal-karinya, maku-jana, bana kudamundu wunkun janay baja.


<translate> That brother-in-law is there.


<translate> We two, not you, saw the kungkun snake here.


<translate> He saw the dalmbal flathead here.


<translate> They saw the waterfall there.


<translate> The fire is hot — mind the little ones!


<translate> Grandfather sees the spear-thrower.


<translate> We two, not you, saw the bujil-yiran ibis there.


<translate> You saw the mawul freshwater eel there.


<translate> You see the exposed place there.


<translate> We see the kakaji mangrove tree here.


<translate> I brought bark from the scrub.


<translate> The boy sat and watched the old man tracking the wallaby through the scrub, the old woman said, reading every mark and every broken twig in the sand.

Karrkay bunda nyaji-l-nyaji-n, mukul-dingkarangka kadar jina nyaji-l-nyaji-nya madja-burr, mukul-jalbu balkan, jina nyubun-nyubun juku wuba-nya-jirr jukar-a nyaji.


<translate> He sees the tree snake here.


<translate> Grandad took the boys to the men's place.

Kamingka dabal wundin bubungu dingar-dingaranka.


<translate> The child put the paperbark at camp.


<glossary> wawu jirray ; type=transitive-verb ; domain=cognition-emotion <usage_example> I love eating fish


<glossary> yurru-janjil ; type=intransitive-verb ; domain=motion-travel <usage_example> The mud sucked the legs down


<translate> If the wind comes, we will go home.


<translate> Grandmother saw the scrub turkey.


<translate> Then the old man turned the game around and let the children ask him questions, and he answered each one as well and truly as he could.

Yalada mukulungku dingkarangka murnin, karrkay-karrkay nyungunka babajinya bawan, nyulu yala nyubun-nyubun balkan ngulkurr yukil.


<translate> The old woman dug up the yam, washed it clean in the water, and cooked it in the hot coals.

Mukul-jalbu-ngka wukay bakan, bana-nga julurrin, baya-nga wajun.


<translate> So many stars filled the whole night sky, far more than all the people of this country.

Dawar wubul jiri wujurr-ba, jarra-wubul bama narmba bubu yinya-mu.


<translate> They saw the platypus there.


<glossary> manubu-damal ; type=transitive-verb ; domain=perception <usage_example> The policeman guarded him


<translate> After bathing, the children sleep.


<translate> We two (not you) see the rope there.


<glossary> bala ; type=adjective ; domain=physical-property <usage_example> You became skinny from not having enough food


<glossary> ngangkay ; type=intransitive-verb ; domain=cognition-emotion <usage_example> You will soon be surprised when I show you something

Yundu juma ngangkay, ngayu yunundu junjuy milbil


<translate> We two, not you, see the shellfish here.


<translate> The straw-necked ibis is there.


<translate> The old woman kept lying sick in the humpy many days, and her daughter kept coming with water and soft food and cool leaves.

Mukul-jalbu wunanay bambay ngura-ba wungar wubul, nyungu jalbu-karrkay kankaday bana-jirr mayi kima-jirr birra ngiki-jirr.


<translate> The old man said a wound left alone changes for the worse, festering and spreading, but a wound tended changes for the better, closing and healing, and the whole difference is only in whether a knowing hand intervenes, so he taught that this is true of far more than wounds, that a small quarrel left alone festers into a feud while a small quarrel tended heals into a stronger bond, and that the wise are simply those who tend the small wounds early.

Mukulungku dingkarangka balkan baji bawal yindu-mal mumbuku, buyun-mal yalbay-mal, yambada baji murni-manin yindu-mal yukilku, nandaji yukil-mal, yindu-yindu nyulu nganga mara binal-ji kadanmuny, nyulu milbin yinya kuku-yukil bajimuny ngulkurr-baja, kuni-way buban bawal buyun-mal kuni-way yalbay-mal, kuni-way buban murni-manin yukil-mal jawun junkurr-mal baja, binal-bama nyulu nganga jana nyulu baji buban murni ngadiku.


<translate> The children shared the roasted echidna that night, and even the smallest child got a piece of the good fat.

Karrkay-karrkayangka ngangkin dindan dajiwan yinya kunarangkal, karrkay buban bajaku wandul ngulkurr manin.


<glossary> milka-marri ; type=adjective ; domain=cognition-emotion <usage_example> They have peace about that


<translate> The old man said the father and son bond had its own dyadic word, nganjan-manda, the two-who-are-father-and-son, and it named a particular thing, the passing of the man's whole world from one generation to the next, the country and the law and the hunting-skill and the ceremonies, so that when the old people spoke of a nganjan-manda they meant not just two men but a single living thread of inheritance stretched taut across the years.

Mukulungku dingkarangka balkan nganjan jija karra nyungu-nyungu kuku-daji, nganjan-manda, jambul-jana-nganjan-jija, nyulu kunjal yamba nyubun, dingkar nyungu bubu wubulku jilban wungar-kadal nyubunmuny yindunka, bubu kuku balbil-yukil bunya-yamba baja, bama mukul balkanya nganjan-manda jana kari jambul dingkar nganga yambada karra wula-mabi nyubun bunya jilban dandi wungar wubulku.


<translate> You all see the kangaroo rat here.


<translate> I see the stony crossing here.


<translate> You and I see the jalil-jalil mudskipper there.


<translate> They saw the knight fish there.


<translate> Leichhardt fruit on that tree is good to eat.

Mayi kabal yinya-nga juku-ngu ngulkurr nukaji.


<translate> Fire is a gift and a danger, said the old man; keep it well, or it will burn the whole camp.

Mukulungku dingkarangka balkan: baya ngulkurr, baya yinil; kuji ngulkurrku, kari, bayabu bayan wubulku wajul.


<translate> I saw the kurrmaja larvae here.


<translate> We saw the woman only after she had already come right into the camp.

Ngana jalbu nyajin, wawu-wala-nya-muny bayan-ka.


<lexeme> {'english': 'The doctor man knows that woman will die'}


<translate> They saw the older brother here.


<translate> You all saw the karrkurr frog there.


<translate> We two (not you) saw the deep water there.


<translate> Put sand on the fire lest it burn the grass.

Baya-nga jukar wuna, baya bilanji waju-nyji!


<translate> The branch fell from the tree.


<translate> I see the grass wallaby here.


<glossary> wulman ; type=noun ; domain=weapon <usage_example> the old horse


<translate> They saw the mackerel sky here.


<glossary> kayil ; type=transitive-verb ; domain=hunting-fishing-gathering <usage_example> The man charmed the girl


<translate> That young man is a good hunter.


<translate> In the evening the old people and the young people taught each other: the old taught the young the names and the ways, and the young taught the old the new words and the new songs, and both were the richer for it.

Kunarangkal ngundu mukul warru baja jana milbi-wan: mukul warru milbin burri yamba baja, warru mukul milbin kuku jirakal kuku ngulkurr jirakal baja, jambulku ngulkurr-baja janay yinyabu.


<glossary> kalkandiji ; type=intransitive-verb ; domain=physical-property <usage_example> You hang on to (your) work, don't pull out

yundu workmunbu kalkandijika, kari kulbajika


<translate> We all, not you, see the mawal bee here.


<translate> They saw the bajal bower bird here.


<translate> We two, not you, see the nakawarra bee there.


<translate> The two young men went out with spears to spear a turtle.

Bula warru kalkaji dungan, ngawiya damanka.


<translate> Cook the sweet potato in the coals with its skin still on, the old woman showed the girls: the bark is its cooking bag, and the one who peels it first throws the pot away.

Bangkamu dinda ngunjilba warrur-ji nyungu, wulbumanangka jalbu-buban milbin: warrur nyulu balji nyungu wajunka, bama nyulu warrur-ngurr manil nyulu balji yilbal kala-kalbay.


<translate> The person here is stubborn.


<glossary> yanday-bungal ; type=transitive-verb ; domain=manipulation-impact <usage_example> You gut the crass (to get the grass ready), I'll throw it out later

Yundu jikan yanday-bunga ngayu juma yilbal


<translate> You all saw the bububay blacktip shark there.


<translate> We gathered plenty of firewood before the cold rain came in the evening.

Ngana baya-juku wubul bangkan, kaba ngiki kada-nyjiku wungar bada-nya.


<glossary> duray ; type=adjective ; domain=value-quality <usage_example> Sea turtles dig holes and cover them again without eggs; they trick people

Ngawiyangka bubu bakal, diburr kariku nandal baja; jana duraymal bamanka


<translate> You see the hickory tree here.


<translate> The grass-tree resin is here.


<lexeme> bad spirit in form of crocodile


<translate> They saw the felt hat there.


<translate> What else do you want to take with you on the long walk to that far camp?

Wanyu-baja yundu wawu wundi-nka, jilba kalbay bayan kalbay-ka?


<translate> Which part goes to the old people? — The soft inside parts, always; their teeth have grown old from much work.

Wanjaku yamba bama mukulanka? Yamba kima dukurrmuny, yabarrka, dirra jana mukul-man murnimuny wubulkumuny.


<translate> You all see the flathead there.


<translate> On the way home they saw big storm clouds over the mountain and hurried their steps.

Bayanka dunganya, jana ngurrban yalbay nyajin manjalba, jinbalku dungan.


<translate> The old woman asked the child: "Do you see the dog?" The child said: "I see it."

Mukul-jalbu karrkay-anda babajin: "Yundu kaya nyajil?" Karrkay-ngku balkan: "Ngayu nyajil."


<translate> The grandmother said: the possum sleeps in the tree all day and comes out only at night, so if you want possum meat you must hunt after dark.

Babingka balkan: yawa jukungu wunan wungar-wungar, wujurrbu nganga dungay; kaki yundu yawa minya wawu, yundu balbi wujurrbu.


<translate> The strong man carried the heavy log on one shoulder and the little child on the other arm.

Dingkar junkurr juku kulngkul binda nyubun-ba wundin, karrkay buban wakuy yindu-ngu.


<translate> The old man kept walking and walking through the ranges for two days without water, following the tracks of the grey kangaroo.

Mukul-dingkar jilba-jilba jamba-burr wungar jambul bana-kari, julmbanu-mu jina nyaji-nyaji dunga.


<translate> When this tree flowers, the old people know the fish are good in the river.

Juku nyubun nganka-mal-nya, bama mukul binal kuyu ngulkurr wawubaja-nga.


<translate> You and I saw the marril ti tree there.


<translate> You two saw the kira-kira black ant here.


<lexeme> the point between Kangkiji and Kaway


<glossary> kayal ; type=adjective ; domain=value-quality <usage_example> They eat raw meat


<translate> The Torres Strait pigeon is big.


<translate> When the first big rains fall, the old man said, a thousand frogs begin to call all at once from the flooded ground, and the whole night is loud with them.

Kaba yalbay yudal daray-nya, mukul-dingkar balkan, yirku-yirku wubul bajaku yirrka yudal bubu jalungkarr-muny nyubun-bu, wujurr narmba junkurr jana-bu.


<translate> The women sat on this side of the river weaving dilly bags, while the men stood fishing on the far side.

Jalbu-jalbu bundan wawubaja ngundu ngunyin bungal, dingkar janay kuyu-ka wawubaja kala-kalbay-mba.


<translate> The trees have no flowers in the cold season, and the small birds have no food in the dry hills.

Juku-juku nganka-kari ngiki-wungar-a, buyi-buyi buban mayi-kari jamba marral-ba.


<translate> The old woman asked the boy why he had shouted beside the sleeping baby.

Mukul-jalbu-ngku karrkay-anda babajin, wanyurrimun yundu yirrkan ngawa warngku wuna-nya ngundu-ba?


<translate> They two see the oyster there.


<translate> The old men hunt the big sea turtle from the reef with a long spear, the old man said, and one turtle feeds the whole camp for days.

Mukul-dingkar-dingkar ngawiya yalbay balbi dulngku-muny kalka kalbay-bu, mukul-dingkar balkan, ngawiya nyubun bayan narmba mayi dajil wungar wubul.


<translate> I hear the rustling noise here.


<translate> You all see the mawal bee there.


<translate> The boys threw all afternoon until their arms ached.

Dabalangka kalka yilbalyilban yilay-yilay, mara kakamarinda.


<translate> They saw the jangkan swift here.


<translate> I saw the bamboo spear stick here.


<translate> I see the daughter's child there.


<translate> I take a stick in case a dog bites the child.

Ngayu juku wundil, kunka kaya-ngka karrkay bayka-nya-mun-ku.


<translate> You see the karrandal tree there.


<translate> Grandmother saw the dilly bag at camp.


<translate> The old man did not see the snake; he saw the dog.

Mukul-dingkar-angka jarba kari nyajin, kaya nyajin.


<translate> The old woman shared the turtle meat by the strict law, the old man said: this piece to the hunter, this to the elders, this to every child.

Mukul-jalbu-ngku ngawiya minya daji yukil-mu narmba, mukul-dingkar balkan: yinya balbi-bama-nka, yinya mukul-bama-nka, yinya karrkay wubulku-nka.


<translate> We see the black stone here.


<translate> Do not go to the sea lest wind come.


<translate> You see the mawar vine here.


<translate> If the bag is bad, take the billycan.


<translate> The hunter speared the big grey kangaroo, and the strong young men carried it home to the camp.

Balbi-bama-ngka julmbanu yalbay daman, warru-ngku junkurr bayan-ka wundin.


<translate> We see the karranda tree here.


<translate> The sister-in-law helped the young mother carry the heavy load home.

Warrin-angka jalbu-buban mara-daji-l, bana kulngkul bayan-ka wundi-nka.


<translate> We see the seashell headband there.


<translate> They see the tree snake there.


<translate> They saw the dingki tree there.


<glossary> diburr ; type=noun ; domain=flora-plant <usage_example> I planted the seeds in the garden


<translate> We all, not you, see the wooden sword there.


<translate> I see the bamboo spear stick here.


<translate> The cat cleaned itself in the sun after the meal, quiet and content.

Buji julurri-ji wungar-a nuka-ny-muny, janka ngulkurr.


<translate> We saw the smouldering log there.


<translate> The sea turtle was very fat, and the rich fat was sweet on the tongue.

Ngawiya wandul-baja, wandul ngulkurr jiba-wula-wula nyabil-ba.


<translate> He sees the nyumbil coolibah tree here.


<translate> The frill-necked lizard runs upright on its two back legs when it is frightened, the old man said, and spreads the great frill around its neck like an angry face.

Binanjal jina jambul muku-mu-bu janjanay warri yararri-nya, mukul-dingkar balkan, walu-ngarr yalbay ngamban murru-murru ngalkal-ma-l yala walu kuli.


<translate> The children learned that everyone they met knew something they did not, and that if they approached each person as a teacher rather than a rival, the whole world became their school and every stranger a gift.

Karrkay-karrkayangka binalman bama wubulku jana nyaji-wanmuny yamba binal jana murruji binal, kaki jana bama wubulku milbibama yala ngundu kada kari kuni-way yala, bubu wubulku jana nyungu bubu-binal janay bama yindu wubulku dajil.


<translate> The old man said if you take only what you need and leave the rest to grow, the country will feed you forever, but if you take everything because you can, you eat well for one season and starve for ten, and the ground remembers which kind of person walked on it.

Mukulungku dingkarangka balkan: kaki yundu manil nyubun yundu wawu bawal yindu bunganka, bubu yundu nukanka yabarrka, kaki yundu wubulku manil yundu murruji, yundu ngulkurr nukal nyubun wungara dakwuy wubul wungara, bubu binalku wanyu bama nyungunga jilbanmu.


<glossary> dalngarri ; type=noun ; domain=fire <usage_example> I have to go to the toilet


<translate> The children were given their chores — gathering firewood, minding the babies, and helping the old ones — before they could play.

Karrkay-karrkay nyungu yamba manin: juku bangkanka, ngawa-ngawa nyajinka, kamba-kamba mara-dajinka, kinkanyjiku ngadiku.


<translate> The dogs slept outside; the people slept inside.

Kaya-kaya ngalkalba warngku wunan; bama kananga warngku wunan.


<translate> Goanna is good fat meat, said the old man, but you must cook it well on the coals.

Mukulungku dingkarangka balkan: jadi minya ngulkurr, yambada wayju ngulkurrku nulungu.


<translate> We see the big clam shell here.


<translate> We, not you, saw the jadi goanna there.


<translate> Watch the sky closely in the afternoon, the old man told them, in case the great black storm comes up quickly and suddenly from the sea.

Jiri manubu-dama wujurr-ma-nya, mukul-dingkarangka jana-nka balkan, kunka jarramali yalbay ngumbu bila nyubun-bu jalun-muny ngalkal-ma-nya.


Dingkarandamundu kayangka nganya baykan.


<translate> The old woman said a life with gratitude and a life without it are lived in two different countries though the person never moves, for the grateful one wakes each day into a world full of gifts while the ungrateful one wakes into a world of lacks and grievances, and the strange thing, she said, is that the two may own exactly the same things, and only the seeing is different.

Wulbumanangka balkan wawu-mini-ji-janay wawu-mini-kari-janay jambul bubu yindu-yindungu wunay bama nyulu kariku murninya, wawu-mini-ji nyulu wandin wungar nyubun bubu-mundu daji-yamba-ji, yambada wawu-mini-kari nyulu wandin bubu-mundu yamba-kari mumbu-ji, yamba yindu, nyulu balkan, jambul nyulu yamba nyubun yala karrbal, nganga nyaji-jarray yindu-yindu.


<translate> The children gathered dry grass and small sticks to start the evening fire quickly.

Karrkay-karrkay jikan marral juku buban bangkan, baya jinbal-baja jakalamba-nka.


<glossary> muwul ; type=adverb ; domain=manner <usage_example> That man is from Mossman, he's living secretly with his relation (so the Manager won't know)

Nyulu bama Mossmanmun, nyulu muwulku bundanday jawunyunji


<translate> You all see the windbreak here.


<translate> That many-pronged fish spear is there.


<translate> You see the grandfather here.


<translate> The woman took mother's clothes from the house.

Jalbu-ngku kambi ngamu-ngu bayan-muny wundin.


<translate> I made the fire strong, heated the flat stones, and cooked the fish and the roots on them for the whole family.

Ngayu baya junkurr-bungan, kulji wumbul-bungan, kuyu bangkan yinyabu wajun bama wubulka.


<translate> The two of them see the spring there.


<translate> We two, not you, see the high bank there.


<translate> Did the two families settle the quarrel? Yes — the elders sat together, the young men made peace, and a marriage between the cousins will bind the two groups forever.

Bama jambul kuku ngulkurr-man? Yuwu — mukul-mukul muru bundan, warru-warru ngulkurr-man, bangunji-mu manyarr-bunga jambul bama dandi karrbal ngadiku-ngadiku.


<glossary> yala ; type=demonstrative ; domain=location-deixis <usage_example> he went from here


<lexeme> The Daintree side of Rocky Point


<translate> Grandad's father made this boomerang long ago.

Ngadiku kamindamundu nganjanangka yanyu wangal balkan.


<translate> They are hunting in the scrub, and we will meet them at the creek.

Jana madja-nga balbil, ngana janangan wawubaja-nga nyaji-l.


<translate> You two saw the jabil lizard there.


<translate> The old woman said: when you marry you do not just take a wife — you take her mother, her brothers, her whole people, and you owe them meat and respect for the rest of your life.

Mukulungku balkan: yundu manyarr-bunga-nya, yundu kari manyarr nyubun mani — yundu nyungu ngamu, yaba-karra, bama wubul mani, yundu jananda minya dandi dayal yundu juran.


<translate> The zamia nut is poison when it is raw; you must soak it a long time in the water.

Marra bambay dandi-nya; yundu bana-nga wuna-nka wungar wubulku.


<translate> I saw the jalkay salmon there.


<translate> Who taught you to make fire? The old man taught me; he showed me how to twist the fire-stick until the dry grass caught alight.

Wanya yundu baya jakalamba binal-bungan? Mukul-dingkarangka nganya binal-bungan, nyulu nganya milbin jimal murnil jikan marral kunjin-man.


<translate> The man went and threw curses everywhere.


<translate> I see the willie wagtail here.


<translate> You hear the rattling sound here.


<translate> They saw the dilly bag there.


<translate> We two (not you) saw the bamboo stick there.


<translate> The women's dance is tonight; the men's dance is tomorrow.


<translate> You see the mirrbangku pencil cedar tree here.


<translate> The two of them saw the fire there.


<translate> The hunters cooked the possum and the bandicoot together in the hot coals of the big fire.

Balbi-bama yawa ngumbi muru wajun baya ngunjil wumbul-ba yalbay-mba.


<translate> He hit the snake with a stick.


<translate> They followed the winding river upstream, wading through the shallows where the water ran fast over the stones, and the old man walked in front reading the footprints of those who had passed before them.

Jana wawubaja wukurrin wangkar-mundu, jana bana buban naka marijin wanja bana warri kuljinga, mukulungku dingkarangka ngundu jilban jina nyajil bama jana ngadiku dunganmu.


<translate> Break off the bamboo and bring it!


<translate> The two of them see the dakaldakal trochus shell there.


<translate> One old man sat alone by the fire, and two young men stood quietly beside him in the dark.

Mukul-dingkar nyubun baya ngundu nyubun-bu bundan, warru jambul nyungu ngundu janka janay.


<translate> We hear the barking sound here.


<translate> One boy asked the old man: Why does the scrub turkey build such a great mound, when the other birds are happy with a small nest in a tree?

Nyubun karrkayangka mukul dingkar babajin: Wanyurringku jarruka bubu yalbay ngaral, buyi yindu buban jukungu ngulkurr bundanay?


<translate> We two (not you) saw the torch here.


<translate> Those people speak a different language, but we are all good kin together.

Yinya-rriny kuku yindu balkal, yambada ngana wubul jawun ngulkurr.


<translate> You and I saw the kurriyala snake here.


<translate> The old man said the great fig trees were the meeting places of the old country, chosen for gatherings because their shade held hundreds and their fruit fed the crowd, so the biggest were known by name across many days' walk, and to say you would meet someone at a named fig was to name a place as fixed and certain as any river-mouth or mountain.

Mukulungku dingkarangka balkan dukal-juku yalbay nyulu bama-bangkarr-bubu ngadiku-mundu, bangkarr-yamba-nka manin nyungu wabarr wubul karrbal nyungu mayi bama-wubul dayal, juku yalbay bajaku binal nyungu kuku wungar wubulku jilbalmuny, yundu balkanya yundu bama nyubun nyaji-way dukal-kuku-jinanga yundu bubu balkan janan yala junkurr wawubaja-julay yumal baja yala.


<translate> When he was close enough he stood up and threw his spear hard, striking the kangaroo in the side.

Nyulu ngundumanda, wangkar janan, kalka junkurrku yilban, mayarriji mirrimar daman.


<translate> You and I see the dukul-barangkal flathead fish there.


<translate> You two see the nganyil haze here.


<translate> They see the wooden sword here.


<translate> He scraped the bark off the tree with the axe.


<translate> The children learned that a gift of goods can be repaid and forgotten, but a kindness is never repaid, only passed on, and this is by design, for a kindness passed forward binds a whole people together across the generations.

Karrkay-karrkayangka binalman yamba daji yukil-manil milka-wulal baja, yambada wawu-yukil kari yukil-manil, nganga badaka dungay, yinya yukil, wawu-yukil yaral yungalmuny bama wubulku kajil wungar wubulmuny.


<translate> No, do not go, in case the rain comes.

Kari, yundu kari dungay, kaba kada-nya-mun-ku.


<translate> Count what you are with, not what you are without, the old woman ended the night: the with-list is always the longer one — you only have to say it out loud.

Kunja yamba yundumuny '-ji', kari '-kari', wulbumanangka wujurr kunbay-manin: kuku '-ji'-muny nyulu kalbay-baja yabarrka, balka nganga nyulu ngalkalbu.


<translate> They saw the dakwul-dakwul scrub bird there.


<translate> The child left the paperbark in the shade.


<translate> The woman went to the tree with father.


<translate> You saw the kungkun snake here.


<translate> The old man did not see the big snake, for it lay hidden in the long dry grass.

Mukul-dingkar-angka jarba yalbay kari nyajin, nyulu jikan kalbay-ba ngaki-nya wunan.


<translate> The old woman said: The tall tree was once the smallest seed, and the biggest man was once the smallest baby, so never laugh at what is small, for small does not stay small.

Wulbumanangka balkan: Juku kalbay ngadiku diburr buban bajaku, dingkar yalbay ngadiku ngawa buban bajaku, kari yundu yajarril yamba bubanka, buban kari buban janay yabarrka.


<translate> The daughter's child is there.


<translate> The next day it was my turn to go to camp to cook food.

Wunkuny yindu ngayu-ji bayan-ba dungan mayi waju-nku.


<translate> If the fish are many, the old man shares them with all the families.

Kaki kuyu wubul, mukul-dingkar jawun-karra daji-way wubulku.


<translate> Grandad gave me this boomerang long ago.

Ngadiku kamingka yanyu wangal dajin ngaykundu.


<translate> We, not you, saw the jinkalmu snake there.


<translate> The man saw the spear on the ground.


<translate> The two women carried the water back to the camp in a big bark container held in their hands.

Jalbu-ngku jambul bana wundin bayan-ka dakil yalbay-mba, mara-bu karrba-l.


<translate> If the day is good, the young men go for pigs with a dog.

Kaki wungar ngulkurr, warru-warru bikibiki-nga dungay kaya-nji.


<glossary> bada-bada ; type=locational ; domain=location-deixis <usage_example> The paper is under the table


<translate> Those small sticks are here.


<translate> When will you finally teach me the deep old songs, grandfather, the boy asked, and the old man answered him only: when you are older.

Wanja-wanja yundu ngayku wulngku dajali kalbay-muny-mu binal-bungal, kami? karrkay nyajin, mukul-dingkar-angka nyubun balkan: yundu mukul-ma-nya-ka.


<translate> The two of them see the mayfly here.


<translate> We see the kalkuri tree here.


<translate> Mother gave water to the sick child.

Ngamu-ngku bana dajin karrkay-anda bambay-nda.


<translate> The old man asked grandfather about meat.


<translate> The old woman kept softening the stiff bark in the water, working it with her hands over and over, until it was soft enough to wrap the baby.

Mukul-jalbu-ngku dumbul dandi kima-bal-bal bana-ba, mara-bu murni-murni, nyulu kima karrkay kaja-nka kariku.


<translate> Granny put the little ones to bed.

Babingka ngawa-ngawa yijarrin, warngku wunanka.


<translate> You see the ngalkarran tree here.


<translate> They saw the mackerel sky there.


<translate> The new camp is close to the spring.


<translate> The little girl carried her grandmother's dilly bag, full of sweet ripe yams.

Karrkay buban-angka babi-mu ngunyin wundin, wukay kulbul-jirr wubul.


<translate> We all are going to the corroboree; you all come with us.

Ngana malkarri-ka dunga-y; yurra ngananji kada.


<glossary> dalkay ; type=intransitive-verb ; domain=bodily-function <usage_example> after 10 days the little ones hatch out


<translate> The tea-tree by the swamp gives good bark, the old man said, soft and wide, for wrapping the baby, for the roof of the humpy, and for carrying fire.

Bijin juku daburr ngundu dumbul ngulkurr dajil, mukul-dingkar balkan, ngulban yalbay, karrkay kaja-nka, ngura-nka, baya jarra-kulba-nka.


<translate> We, not you, saw the jimalili lizard here.


<glossary> nganjar-nganjar ; type=adverb ; domain=speech-communication <usage_example> He came to find out where they got the grog from (didn't ask, just hinted to find out)

Nyulu nganjar-nganjar kadan, jana wanjamun kamukamu manin


<translate> I see the Torres Strait Island pigeon.


<translate> The old man kept scraping the boomerang smooth.

Mukulungku dingkarangka wangal yurrilyurrin.


<glossary> dakandil ; type=transitive-verb ; domain=manipulation-impact <usage_example> The man dropped the child because he was angry

Dingkarangka karrkay dakandin kuli-kadanymundu


<translate> We see the julbal tree here.


<translate> The woman put the mussels in the bag.


<translate> You saw the ngarkay waterhen here.


<translate> That is how a story is born, granny says.


<translate> I see the fresh water snake here.


<translate> The old woman said if the old teach only what is easy and pleasant, they betray the young, for life will bring hard things whether we speak of them or not, and a child prepared for grief and loss and their own death meets these as an old friend expected, while the unprepared child meets them as an ambush.

Wulbumanangka balkan: kaki mukul milbil nyubun nyulu buban-buban wawu-mini, jana warru warmbil, wawu dandi yamba kadal ngana balka jananmu kariku, karrkay nyulu walu-jirrbu-jirrbunka kilbanka nyungu wulanka baja nyaji-wan yala jawun mukul milka-dandi, karrkay kilba-kari nyaji-wan yala kuni-jananmu.


<translate> We two, not you, saw the jumper ant there.


<translate> You and I see the board there.


<translate> The two dogs ran after the fat pig, chasing it down the hill and across the muddy creek.

Kaya jambul warrin bikibiki wandul kudamundu, kangan bada jamba-muny naka-naka wawubaja buyun-ka.


<translate> You and I see the mulawajarr star there.


<translate> We, not you, saw the baringkan small bird there.


<translate> You all saw the dukul-barangkal flathead fish there.


<translate> The two crows fought over the dead fish lying on the sand beside the sea.

Waja jambul kuyu wula-nya jukar-a kuni-wa-l, jalun karangkal.


<translate> They saw the walkarr goanna there.


<translate> You saw the small sticks here.


<translate> I saw the small sticks there.


<translate> They camped there and the boys learned the water.

Jana bundandan yinyay, dabal binalman banaka.


<translate> The mother sent the cooked food to the old people at the far camp with the two girls, the old woman said, so no elder would go hungry that night.

Ngamu-ngku mayi waju-n mukul-bama-nka bayan kala-kalbay-ka yunga jalbu jambul-anda, mukul-jalbu balkan, kari mukul dakuy wuna wujurr yinya.


<translate> You two saw the mackerel sky there.


<translate> You and I see the waterfall there.


<translate> You see the mungka-mungka tree there.


<translate> You see the kawarr bloodwood tree there.


<translate> We see the jukar-warra whirlwind here.


<translate> The man went, caught fish, and then came to camp. After that he cooked it.

Dingkar dungan, kuyu manin, bayan-ka kadan-da. Wawu-yinya-muny, nyulu wajun.


<translate> We two, not you, saw the jumul-jumul grass seeds here.


<translate> You and I set these stones; when we two are gone they will keep saying we-two-you-and-me to the river.

Yundu ngayu kulji yanya yijarrin: ngaliny dunganya, kuljibu 'ngaliny' balkal yabarrka wawubajanka.


<translate> You and I saw the kalmbangarr black diver bird there.


<translate> The river rose fast and covered the sand.

Wawubaja jinbalku yalbayman, jukar nandanda.


<translate> Two apprentices learning the same craft helped each other more than the master could help either alone, for they made the same mistakes at the same time and could laugh at them together, and shame shared is shame halved.

Warru jambul nyubun kirraji binalji jana mara-daji-way wubul-baja mala-bama nyubunka mara-dajilmuny, jana murni nyubun ngaran nyubun wungara, jana yajarril nyubunji, milka-murruji daji-wanmuny buban-manil.


<translate> When will the big rains finally come this year, the children asked, and the old man watched the sky a long while and did not answer them.

Kaba yalbay wanja-wanja kada-y wungar-jarra yinya-ba? karrkay-karrkay nyajin, mukul-dingkar jiri nyaji-nyaji wumbul, kari balka.


<translate> The old man knew the kangaroo would come down to the water at dark, so he waited by the track.

Mukul-dingkar binal, mayarriji bada kada-nyaku bana-ka wujurr-ba, nyulu jina ngundu kuji-l.


<translate> The old woman said the same of people: do not choose a friend for their strong arm or their handsome face, but for their good heart and their true word.

Wulbumanangka balkan bamamu baja: kari yaba mani nyungu mara junkurrmuny, nyungu walu ngulkurrmuny, yambada nyungu wawu ngulkurrmuny, nyungu kuku yukilmuny.


<translate> That fresh water lily is here.


<translate> You and I see the karraway snail here.


<translate> The young man was frightened by the crocodile at the river, but he stayed still and was not harmed.

Warru wawubajanga bilngkumu-ndu yinil-kanga-jin, yambada nyulu dandi bundan, nyulu kariku buyun-man.


<translate> Sea-turtle meat is softer than fish, so the old people give it to the ones who have lost their teeth.

Minya ngawuya jarra-kima kuyu-ka, bama mukul yinya dajin dirra maru-maru-nka.


<translate> The yellow March fly is there.


<translate> We two, not you, see the toadfish here.


<translate> At the end the old woman walked the children once more through all the words of the body: head, eye, ear, mouth, neck, shoulder, arm, hand, chest, back, stomach, thigh, leg, ankle, foot, and she said: now you all carry the words, so listen to this last one, the body is the one camp you never leave, so keep it like a good camp, feed its fire, mend its shelter well, and it will carry you to the last river.

Badanga wulbumanangka karrkay-karrkay jilba-bungan kukuburr bangkarrmuny wubulku nyubunbu baja: dukul, miyil, milka, ngandal, jakay, binda, wakuy, mara, damu, muku, jibar, waba, jandal, wulu, jina, nyulu balkan: nyiku yurra kuku wubulku karrbal, milka-janay kuku bada yala: bangkarr nyulu bayan nyubun yurra kariku bawalmuny, yalada karrba nyulu yala bayan yukil, baya nyungu daya mayibu, bayan nyungu murni yukil, nyulu yurra karrbal wawubajaka badaka.


<translate> That messmate tree is there.


<glossary> bijjaril ; type=transitive-verb ; domain=cognition-emotion <usage_example> I dream about a carpet snake


<translate> The hawk circles high above the grass, watching for a little mouse to move down below.

Kalin-kalin wangkar-a yalbay-ba dunga-y, minya buban bada nyaji-l.


<translate> The old man said the roots of the water-lily lie in the mud of the swamp, sweet and white, and the women wade in to feel for them with their feet.

Mukul-dingkar balkan: nganka-bana bangkan jukul-ba wuna daburr-ba, jiba-wulay balbal, jalbu-jalbu bana-ka janji jina-bu nyaji.


<translate> We all, not you, see the shellfish here.


<translate> We see the mulawajarr star here.


<translate> You and I saw the dalmbal flathead here.


<translate> The old man said watch the tide and the moon together, for the biggest low tides come at the full moon and the new, and that is when to glean the reef.

Mukul-dingkar balkan: yira kija-jirr nyubun-bu nyaji, ngajal yalbay bajaku kija murru-murru-ba kija-kari-ba-jirr, niji dulngku bangka-nka.


<translate> They see the large mud clam here.


<glossary> jamba ; type=noun ; domain=land-geography <usage_example> Up there on the hillside


<translate> They saw the woomera butt there.


<translate> Grandfather saw the shield in the bag.


<translate> They see the archerfish there.


<translate> The two of them saw the dulmbi umbrella palm there.


<translate> We all, not you, see the black snake here.


<translate> The tired old dog lay quietly in the shade, too weak to follow the hunters.

Kaya mukul baja-burray wabarr-ba janka wunay, bambay-baja, kari wukurri-l balbi-bama.


<translate> The girl asked father about food.


<translate> They see the windbreak there.


<translate> A person belongs to the country where they were born, the old man always taught.

Bama nyulu bubu-ka nyungu wandin-muny, mukul-dingkar-angka wungar wubulku milban.


<translate> You and I see the dingo there.


<translate> The men speared the big sea turtle out beyond the reef and shared the meat with everyone.

Dingkar-angka ngawiya yalbay dulngku kudamundu daman, minya bama wubul-ka dajin.


<translate> Father saw the black bean tree in the scrub.


<translate> Catfish for dinner: ugly in the water, very good in the coals.

Julaji mayinka: mumbu bananga, yukil bajaku ngunjilba.


<translate> The tall white gum stands on the ridge; its branches are dry.

Bajar kalbay bubungu janay; nyungu dakil marral.


<translate> The maker owns the making, not the made, the old man let the boomerang go: your hands keep the knowing, the thing walks its own road — make well and let go easily; that is the maker's whole law.

Bunga-bamabu karrbal bungal, kari yamba bunganmuny, mukulungku dingkarangka wangal dayan kala-kalbay: marabu yundumuny binal karrbal, yambabu baral nyungu-nyungu jilbal, bunga yukilbu, daya kimabu, yinya kuku wubulku bunga-bamamuny.


<translate> The old woman overheard their words behind the house but did not speak.

Mukul-jalbu-ngku jananga kuku yanday-nyajin bayan kudamundu-muny, yamba kari balkan.


<translate> All night long the many frogs sang together in the muddy water of the big, big swamp.

Wujurr wubulku karrkurr wubul muru balkan, daburri yalbay bana buyun-ba.


<translate> The old man said the whole aim of a life's discipline is to change the hard things from a torment into a joy, for at first rising early is a misery, the long walk an agony, the cold water a shock, the going without a suffering, but through the years of doing these things the body and the will slowly change until one day, to the astonishment of the young, the old person seems actually to relish the very hardships that break the untrained, having changed hardship itself, in themselves, into a strange delight.

Mukulungku dingkarangka balkan wawu kalbay nyungu yala wubulku yamba dandi yindu-bungalka wawu-mumbumuny wawu-miniku, ngadiku muduwaju wandil nyulu wawu-mumbu, jilba kalbay kaka bajaku, bana kiway-kiway yinil-yamba, nganga janay wawu-mumbu, yambada wungar wubulku yinya murni-bu bangkarr wawu-milka buban-buban yindu-mal yalada wungar nyubun, warru yajarr-mal, mukul-bama nyulu bajaku wawu-manil yamba dandi yinya nyulu bama milbil-kari kunil, yindu-manin wawu-mumbu nyulu-nyulu, nyungu-nyungunga, wawu-mini yinduku.


<translate> The stinging tree is standing in the scrub.


<translate> You and I saw the milkul soup here.


<translate> You all saw the karkunbay stockwhip bird there.


<translate> Meanwhile, the pair of young men took off and ran west toward camp.

Bula warru-bulal jalaman-kuda, jalaman yarra-kuda bayan-ba kuwa warrin.


<glossary> yirmbal ; type=noun ; domain=ceremony-magic-song <usage_example> The taboo (thing) grabs you and holds you


<translate> They saw the hickory tree here.


<translate> The woman's dog bit the little boy hard on his bare leg beside the fire.

Jalbu-ndamun-du kaya-ngka warru buban jina-nga baykan junkurr-baja, baya ngundu.


<translate> The children learned to read the water before going in: if it is dark and fast it is deeper than it looks; if you cannot see the bottom you cannot know the depth, and a crossing misjudged is a life lost.

Karrkay-karrkayangka binalman bana nyajinka bana dunganyjiku ngadiku: kaki bana ngungul junkurr nyulu bada-baja nyajilmuny; kaki yundu bundal murruji nyajil, yundu bada binal murruji, bana mumbunmuny wawu kilba.


<translate> That little suitcase is small, but it is very heavy to carry all the long way home.

Yinya budmandu buban, yamba kulngkul-baja wundi-nka bayan-ka kalbay-baja.


<lexeme> First bay south of Bloomfield River along coast


<glossary> dalkil ; type=transitive-verb ; domain=manipulation-impact <usage_example> I gave her the name Carol


<translate> The child put the charcoal on the ground.


<translate> We see the waddy club there.


<translate> I saw the mukukanka tree here.


<translate> We see the rhinoceros beetle here.


<lexeme> smoke the inside of a house after the owner dies


<translate> The old man laughed at grandmother.


<translate> That running water is there.


<translate> You see the jawurraji ant bed here.


<translate> We see the marubu species of oyster here.


<translate> He sees the kubu-kubu tadpole there.


<glossary> wunay ; type=transitive-verb ; domain=kinship <usage_example> The young man married the girl


<translate> The lightning struck the big paperbark tree.


<translate> With whom do you hunt in the scrub? I hunt with my elder brother and two dogs. And with whom did the old man go to the ceremony? He went with all his sons.

Wanyanji yundu madja-nga balbil? Ngayu ngayku yaba-ji, kaya jambul-ji balbil. Wanyanji mukul-dingkar bubu-nku dungan? Nyulu nyungu kangkal wubul-ji dungan.


<translate> We two, not you, see the small sticks there.


<translate> The old woman is chatting with her younger sister.


<translate> Come up here to the high dry ground before the flood water rises in the night.

Kada-y wangkar-a yaluy bubu marral-ka, bana yalbay wandi-nyjiku wujurr-ba.


<translate> The children did not fully understand, but they remembered her words, and years later when they were grown they understood them well.

Karrkay-karrkay kari yukil binalman, yambada jana nyungu kuku binalku, wungar wubul kudamundu jana kambamanda binalman ngulkurr.


<translate> That mother's older sister is there.


<translate> The women wade in the shallow creek and feel for the mussels in the mud with their feet.

Jalbu wawubaja bana-buban-ba jilban, mukirr kambal-kambal-ba jina-bu milbil.


<translate> The bloodwood tree is standing in the scrub.


<translate> His mother is my mother's elder sister; the two of us are cousins.

Nyungu ngamu ngayku ngamu-mu babarr; ngali bangunji.


<glossary> wawumal ; type=intransitive-verb ; domain=cognition-emotion <usage_example> If you agree, we'll go


<translate> The old man said the oak by the ridge marks water always below, so when you are lost and dry, walk to the oak and dig, and you will drink.

Mukul-dingkar balkan: dalban jamba ngundu bana yingka bada-bada, yundu jila-warri marral-ba, dalban-ka dunga baka, yundu bana nuka.


<translate> The women crack the candlenut on a flat stone, the old man said, and the oily white meat inside burns like a small lamp at night.

Jalbu-jalbu-ngku bilar kulji balbal-ba dumbarri, mukul-dingkar balkan, nyungu julbi balbal wandul waju yala baya buban wujurr-ba.


<translate> The girl learned the food plants and the medicine plants and the poison plants, and where each one grew and when.

Maralangka binalman mayi ngulkurr, mayi ngulkurr-bungalmu, mayi yinil, wanjawanja nyungu wandin, wanjawanja baja.


<translate> They saw the bajalji python here.


<translate> The old man said a child is not taught so much as changed, slowly, from a being that knows nothing into one that knows the country, and the old word for teaching says exactly this, for binal-ma-l means to become-knowing all by oneself and binal-bunga-l means to make-someone-knowing, and a wise teacher understands that they cannot pour knowledge in but can only set up the conditions in which the child changes itself from not-knowing into knowing.

Mukulungku dingkarangka balkan karrkay nyulu kari milbil bajaku yambada yindu-mal, buban-buban, yamba nyulu yamba nyubun binal-kari yindu nyulu bubu binal, kuku ngadiku milbilmuny nyulu balkal yinya bajaku, binal-ma-l nyulu binal-mal nyulu-nyulu yambada binal-bunga-l nyulu bama nyubun binal-bungal, milbil-bama binal nyulu kari binal jibal-bungal yambada nganga bungal wanja karrkay nyulu-nyulu yindu-mal binal-karimuny binalka.


<translate> They saw the stony crossing there.


<translate> I see the wurrul shellfish here.


<translate> I see the bronze wing pigeon here.


<lexeme> {'english': "He's well now after being sick", 'translation': 'Nyulu bambaymun ngulkurrda'}


<glossary> ngujungu ; type=noun ; domain=manner <usage_example> I pretend/play I'm a horse


<glossary> yala ; type=interrogative ; domain=interjection <usage_example> What about your older brother?


<translate> His spear and his woomera lay ready beside him as he slept in the cool shade.

Nyungu kalka nyungu balur baja nyungu ngundu wunan, nyulu wabarr-ba wuna-nya.


<translate> The grandfather made a little carrier for the child and cut his mark into the wood.

Kamingka karrkayka balji buban yakan, nyungu jina jukungu yakan.


<translate> Bat evening: the sky moves like water over stones.

Mali-wujurr: jiri warril yala bana kuljiburr.


<glossary> jilba ; type=noun ; domain=motion-travel <usage_example> The child can walk now


<translate> The old man took a long piece of paperbark from the tree in one strip.

Mukul-dingkar buyku manin juku-muny, nyubun kalbay.


<translate> Father saw the fish net on the open ground.


<translate> Granny woke them up — time to go home.

Babingka janangan warndimanin — bayanba dunganka!


<translate> That bukunjarra tree is there.


<glossary> bambal ; type=transitive-verb ; domain=kinship <usage_example> I call her grandmother


<lexeme> want something but can't get it


<translate> You two saw the yuray snake here.


<translate> Many white stars filled the black sky, and the old man named them all for the listening children.

Dawar balbal wubul jiri ngumbu-ba, mukul-dingkar-angka narmba burri dajin karrkay-karrkay milka-janay-nya.


<translate> You and I see the freshwater turtle there.


<translate> Granny watched longest of all.


<translate> Hot damper and sweet tea — a good morning.

Damba wumbul, diyi ngulkurr — wunkuwingku ngulkurr.


<translate> The old man knows the waterholes in the country.


<translate> You and I see the karrandal tree here.


<lexeme> {'english': 'Yabaju kari diday-mana ngaykundu. Ngayu babarr', 'translation': "Don't say bad something bad about my younger brother to me. I'm his older sister."}


<lexeme> {'english': "He's well now after being sick", 'translation': 'Nyulu bambaymun ngulkurrda'}


<translate> The brolga and the native companion look alike, but their dance and their call are not the same.

Kulbal kurrbal nyubun yala nyajil, yambada nyungu wuri kuku kari nyubun yala.


<translate> The old man said: I should have known the old ways, but I was young and I thought I knew everything.

Mukul-dingkarangka balkan: ngayu bubu ngadiku bina-nyaku, yambada ngayu warru bajaku.


<translate> They two see the bamboo stick here.


<translate> Grandad gave me this boomerang long ago.

Ngadiku kamingka yanyu wangal dajin ngaykundu.


<translate> Nothing the country gives is wasted, she said; even the bitter nut becomes good food in patient hands.

Nyulu balkan: bububu dajil yamba kari bawal, barka kabu ngulkurrmal mara wunbungu.


<translate> The child came to the river.


<translate> We two (not you) see the mackerel sky there.


<translate> You all see the fire stick there.


<translate> The old man said: We do not own our children; we are only allowed to borrow them for a while, to walk beside them for a stretch of the road, and then they walk on without us, as we walked on without those who raised us.

Mukulungku dingkarangka balkan: Ngana kari nyungu kangkal karrbal; ngana nganga nyungu kangkal manil kanbalka, jana ngundu jilbanka jinamu kanbalka, yalada jana jilbay nganakari, yala ngana jilban jana nganaka ngadiku kambanmunykari.


<glossary> jiray ; type=adjective ; domain=cognition-emotion <usage_example> I have a craving for a smoke


<translate> Sea-turtle meat is softer than beef.

Minya ngawiya jarra-kima minya-ka bulki-ka.


<translate> We two, not you, saw the mulumu dove here.


<translate> The eagle flies higher than all the other birds and sees the whole country from the top of the sky.

Wandi jarra-jarra-baja marra-warri buyi yindu wubul-ku, bubu wubulku jiri-dukul-muny nyajil.


<translate> We two, not you, saw the bujil-yiran ibis here.


<translate> The dog followed behind the man.


<glossary> kurndal ; type=intransitive-verb ; domain=motion-travel <usage_example> My legs sank down in the mud, can't pull them up again

Ngarri kurndan kambalkambalba. Can't kulbaji baja.


<translate> If the bag is bad, take the billycan.


<translate> The two men fought with clubs and shields, and then one of them fell down hard.

Dingkar jambul mirru-ji kunjuri-ji kuni-wa-y, yalada nyubun bada daran.


<translate> We two, not you, see the oyster here.


<translate> What are you ill with, my grandchild, the old woman asked softly, laying her cool hand on the sick child's hot forehead.

Yundu wanyurri-nji bambay, ngayku kaminjarr? mukul-jalbu-ngku janka nyajin, nyungu mara ngiki karrkay bambay-mu walu wumbul-ba wandi.


<lexeme> The Daintree side of Rocky Point


<translate> The man dropped the stone on the old woman's back.

Dingkar-angka kulji daray-manin mukul-jalbu-ndu muku-ngu.


<translate> Only the old man stayed awake by the fire a while longer, watching the coals and thinking of the old days.

Mukul dingkar nganga janay bayanga baja, ngunjil nyajinya, wungar ngadiku milka-bu baykanya.


<translate> The woman cut herself with a knife.


<translate> You and I see the hook there.


<translate> A shooting star fell right across the sky, and the old man said that someone had died.

Binyu jiri-burr daran, mukul-dingkar-angka balkan bama nyubun wulan.


<translate> The two of them saw the jungarr marsupial native cat there.


<translate> The old man came back to the camp yesterday, and he will go out hunting again tomorrow morning.

Mukul-dingkar bayan-ka nyunban yilayku, nyulu balbi-ka dunga-y-baja wunkun wunkuwingku.


<translate> He speaks about us as if we cannot hear — but the ears of the talked-about grow long.

Nyulu nganamuny balkal yala ngana milka-kari, yambada milka bamamuny balkanmuny kalbay-mal.


<translate> They ate fruit from the tree.


<translate> We two, not you, see the clam there.


<translate> The two of them see the mirrbangku pencil cedar tree there.


<translate> They see the yurrunji tree there.


<translate> Later that day, in the heat, a whirlwind spun across the dry flat, lifting dust and dead leaves high into the still air.

Yilay-yilay wungar wumbulba, jukar-warra bubu marralba jalaman, jukar birra wulan wangkar wandin muyar jananga.


<translate> The goose is standing at camp.


<translate> Dad is going out with a boomerang.


<glossary> badi ; type=intransitive-verb ; domain=cognition-emotion <usage_example> the dogs were howling because their master left them


<translate> He saw the yirku-yirku frog here.


<translate> We, not you, saw the mawul freshwater eel there.


<translate> You all see the nyumbil coolibah tree here.


<translate> We two (not you) saw the creek there.


<translate> They see the three-pronged spear there.


<glossary> nyumba-buyun ; type=noun ; domain=cognition-emotion <usage_example> I crab crab meat


<translate> We two, not you, saw the scorpion here.


<translate> The old man held his chin in his hand, thinking of the old story.

Mukul-dingkarangka nyungu bari mara-bu karrban, kuku ngadiku milka-nga.


<translate> They saw the balmbalka tree here.


<glossary> balkaji ; type=intransitive-verb ; domain=bodily-function <usage_example> the baby was born yesterday


<glossary> ngarrku-ngarrku ; type=adjective ; domain=value-quality <usage_example> That person is easy to get along with in working (If you ask him to do anything, he does it quickly)


<translate> We see the black bream there.


<translate> The hunter did not see the kangaroo, though he searched the whole scrub.

Balbi-bamangka mayarriji kari nyajin, nyulu madja wubul nubin.


<glossary> yakal ; type=transitive-verb ; domain=manipulation-impact <usage_example> you cut the meat up


<translate> The old woman called the children: "Sit down!"

Mukul-jalbu-ngku karrkay-karra kunjan: "Bunda-y!"


<translate> The children ran out to play in the water, and above them a great rainbow stood across the whole sky.

Karrkay-karrkay warrin badil kinkanka bananga, jana wuyar yiril yalbay janay jiri wubulku.


<translate> We see the kalmnbagarr diver bird here.


<glossary> minji ; type=noun ; domain=fire <usage_example> The fire has a lot of flames shooting up


<translate> You two see the boomerang there.


<translate> The country was new after the rain.


<glossary> dayirr ; type=adjective ; domain=value-quality <usage_example> After washing th clothes are very clean


<translate> There's honey in that tree — get the axe!


<translate> The old man said: burn the ironwood lest the storm come, and cover the fire lest it spread to the grass.

Mukul-dingkarangka balkan: juku waju, jarramali kada-nyji; baya nanda, jikanba dunga-nyji.


<translate> You and I saw the bayil jungle perch here.


<glossary> jinbal ; type=adjective ; domain=manner <usage_example> Karrkay jinbal-kanga, ngana dungankada


<translate> That old man is deaf; he does not hear the small sounds of the scrub.

Yinya mukul-dingkar milka-kari; nyulu madja-mu kuku buban kari ngaral.


<glossary> baja ; type=adverb ; domain=manner <usage_example> I don't know what to tell


<translate> They taught the children to make and read the smoke signals: one long column means all is well and come to us; two columns means danger, stay away; and a broken, spreading smoke means we are lost or hurt, come and find us, and these signals can be read from a full day's walk away.

Jana karrkay-karrkay milbin kubu-kuku bunganka nyajinka: kubu nyubun kalbay yala yukil wubulku kadanka nganjinji; kubu jambul yala mumbu, kala-kalbay jana; kubu kaka-manda dungay yala ngana bubu-kari kaka-manda, kada nganjin nyaji, kubu-kuku yinya nyajil wungar nyubun jilbalmuny.


<translate> Are your brothers coming to the meeting? Yes, all the brothers and cousins are gathering, because the old man wants to divide the country.

Nyungu yaba-karra kada? Yuwu, yaba-karra bangunji-karra muru janan, mukul-dingkarangka bubu daji-way wawu.


<translate> They two see the spear barb there.


<translate> When the sun went down behind the hills, the children came home from the water to the warm fire.

Wungar bada dungan jamba kudamundu, karrkay-karrkay bana-muny kadan baya wumbul-ka.


<translate> You see the kurrija octopus there.


<translate> He saw the dalmbal flathead here.


<translate> The women took the long dry leaves of the pandanus to make sleeping mats by the sea.

Jalbu-ngka bajarr marral kalbay mani-n, wunay-ka bunga-nka jalun karangkal.


<translate> You and I saw the mali small bat there.


<translate> My aunt taught my sister to weave baskets and find the yams, because that is women's knowledge passed from mother to daughter.

Ngayku mukul ngayku babarr binal-bungan balji wukurrinka, mayi nubinka, yinya jalbu-mu binal ngamu-muny kangkalka.


<translate> They heard the rattling sound there.


<translate> They saw the walkarr goanna there.


<translate> That man does not know this country, and he cannot find the hidden water holes.

Yinya dingkar bubu yinya kari binal, nyulu bana ngaki-nya kari warrmba-bunga-l.


<lexeme> tree (this term is very rarely used for money)


<translate> We two, not you, see the kurrkal shortcut here.


<translate> Grandmother put water on the old man's shin.

Babi-ngka bana yijarrin mukul-dingkar-anda bibar-a.


<translate> I found a lot of scrub-hen eggs there, under the big tree.

Ngayu diwan-mu diburr wubul milbin yinyay-mba, juku yalbay bada.


<translate> The old man killed the black snake with one hard blow of the throwing-stick across its back, the old woman said, then buried its head deep so the dogs would not find it.

Mukul-dingkarangka bindimu kuni juku-bu nyubun-bu muku-ba junkurr, mukul-jalbu balkan, walu janku dajali-ba wandi, kaya kari mani.


<translate> We two, not you, saw the wawukuna long wild yam there.


<translate> The dog's food was in a bark dish beside the old man's little humpy.

Mayi kaya-mu warrur-a bundan, mukul-dingkar-amu wurun buban ngundu.


<translate> We all, not you, see the blanket here.


<glossary> walngkurril ; type=transitive-verb ; domain=speech-communication <usage_example> You ask your grandmother for food


<translate> The Torres Strait pigeon is standing there.


<translate> We see the turtle spear point here.


<glossary> jamba ; type=noun ; domain=land-geography <usage_example> We went along the hillsides


<translate> We came back winners: three-fish-with, two-crab-with, and story-with for a week.

Ngana kadan baja yukil-ji: kuyu-kulur-ji, kiju-jambul-ji, kuku-jangkar-ji wungar wubulkunka.


<translate> Grandfather sees the grass-tree resin there.


<translate> The man put the stone on the woman's foot.

Dingkar-angka kulji yijarrin jalbu-ndu jina-nga.


<translate> The boy tried to spear the fast fish in the clear pool, the old man said, but he threw too soon and the fish darted away under the rock.

Karrkay babal kuyu bila dama-nka bana balbal-ba, mukul-dingkar balkan, yamba nyulu nyiku-nyiku-bu dama, kuyu wanarri kulji bada-ba.


<lexeme> {'english': 'The doctor man knows that woman will die'}


<translate> We two, not you, see the jellyfish there.


<glossary> wunay ; type=transitive-verb ; domain=kinship <usage_example> The young man married the girl


<translate> We two, not you, see the milbarkal tree here.


<translate> Cooking is the one fight we are allowed to lose slowly, the old woman laughed through the smoke: the fire wins a little every day, the cook grows wiser with every loss, and the evening meal is the peace made again each night.

Waju nyulu kuniway nyubun ngana bada-manil buban-buban, wulbumanangka yajarr-man kububurr: bayabu manil buban wungar nyubun-nyubunbu, waju-bama binal-mal bada-mani nyubun-nyubunbu, mayi wujurrmuny nyulu kaka-kari murninmuny baja wujurr nyubun-nyubunba.


<translate> You two saw the munungkul ground pigeon here.


<translate> We two, not you, see the kookaburra there.


<translate> The girl learned the food plants and the medicine plants and the poison plants, and where each one grew and when.

Maralangka binalman mayi ngulkurr, mayi ngulkurr-bungalmu, mayi yinil, wanjawanja nyungu wandin, wanjawanja baja.


<translate> The old man said: We do not own our children; we are only allowed to borrow them for a while, to walk beside them for a stretch of the road, and then they walk on without us, as we walked on without those who raised us.

Mukulungku dingkarangka balkan: Ngana kari nyungu kangkal karrbal; ngana nganga nyungu kangkal manil kanbalka, jana ngundu jilbanka jinamu kanbalka, yalada jana jilbay nganakari, yala ngana jilban jana nganaka ngadiku kambanmunykari.


<translate> We see the bingkajiri tree here.


<translate> The wind blew from the north.


<translate> Their two spears are lying here; whose are these?

Bula-nga kalka jambul yaluy wunay; wanya-mba yanyu?


<translate> The children carried this teaching all their lives, and in a world always telling them to want more and have more, they remembered to ask instead: Is this enough? And usually it was.

Karrkay-karrkayangka yinya kuku wundin wawu wubulku, bubu yabarrka balkanya wubul-baja wawuka, wubul-baja maninka, jana binalku babajinka baja: Yinya yukil? Yabarrka yukil.


<glossary> minji ; type=noun ; domain=fire <usage_example> The fire has a lot of flames shooting up


<translate> The old man laughed at the child.


<translate> The children asked their mother when the men would come back home from the hunt.

Karrkay-karrkay-angka ngamu babajin, wanjawanja dingkar balbi-muny kada-y-baja.


<translate> We two, not you, saw the biyangkal yam there.


<translate> We see the kakaji mangrove tree there.


<translate> They saw the barinkan scrub bird there.


<translate> The two of them see the domestic turkey here.


<translate> The heat of the middle of the day is heavy, and even the birds sit quiet in the shade.

Wungar kankur-a wumbul-baja, buyi baja juku wabarr-ba janka bunda-l.


<translate> We see the bamboo spear stick there.


<translate> The moon was there at night.


<translate> Grandfather saw the fish tail.


<translate> The old man made them shake hands and share food, and by night they were laughing together again.

Mukulungku dingkarangka jana mara karrbamanin, mayi dajiwan, kunarangkal jana yajarrin baja jambulku.


<translate> The two women gave eel-food to the man.

Bula jalbu-bulal-angka mayi kubarr dingkar-anda dajin.


<translate> We all, not you, see the rock python there.


<translate> The old man said: The storm gives three warnings — the windless air, the dim light, and the silence of the animals — heed the first and you are safe, heed the third and the storm already has you.

Mukulungku dingkarangka balkan: jarramalibu kuku kulur milbil, muyar-kari, wungar ngungul, minya wunbu, ngadiku milka, yundu yukil, kulur milka, jarramalibu yundu kanga.


<translate> The old man said the inner bark of certain trees is the mother of all string, and he showed the boys how to strip it, soak it, beat it soft, split it into even threads and roll it into cord strong enough for a net, a fishing line, a dilly-bag, or a rope to climb the tallest honey tree, so that from the bark of one tree came a hundred useful things.

Mukulungku dingkarangka balkan juku nyubun-nyubun warrur dukurr nyulu karra wubulku ngamu, nyulu warru-warru milbin yala kakanka, bananga wunay, buban-buban kunil, kakal karra nyubun-nyubun yala, murnil karra junkurr makarrku, kuyu-wukurr, balji, kalal-karra dakanka juku-wunba wangkarku baja, juku nyubun warrurmuny yamba yukil wubul kadan.


<translate> The hunter watched the two brothers carrying the heavy turtle up the beach, the old man said, and he went down at once to help them lift it.

Balbi-bama-ngku yaba-jarra jambul nyaji-l-nyaji-n, ngawiya kulngkul jarra-kulba-nya jukar-a, mukul-dingkar balkan, nyulu bada kaday mara-dajil-nka.


<translate> The spear lay on the ground.


<translate> They saw the julaji freshwater catfish here.


<translate> You saw the nakawarra bee there.


<translate> We would have stayed dry, the old man laughed, squeezing the blanket, if anyone had believed the black wall over the sea instead of the clear sky over the camp, so hear the weather law of the two skies: the sky overhead tells you today, the sky at the sea tells you tomorrow, and it is tomorrow that ties up the camp.

Ngana marral wunanyaku, mukulungku dingkarangka yajarr-man, kararr jubilnya, kaki bamangka kuku-junkurr-manin ngurrban ngumbu jalunba, kari jiri ngalkal bayan wangkara, yalada milka-janay kuku jirimuny jambulmuny: jiri wangkara balkal nyiku, jiri jalunba balkal wunkuny, wunkunybu bayan kajal.


<translate> We see the black bream here.


<translate> You two built a good camp; I saw your fire from far off; I came to you two at dusk; and you shared your food with me.

Yubal bayan ngulkurr ngaran; ngayu yubalanga baya kala-kalbay-muny nyajin; ngayu yubalanda kadan wungar bada-nya; yubal ngaykunji mayi daji-way.


<translate> We two, not you, see the salmon here.


<translate> You and I see the tree snake there.


<translate> We two, not you, see the coral here.


<translate> You see the dirrmbay seagull here.


<translate> You and I saw the river here.


<translate> In the morning grandmother cooked food.


<translate> You two saw the morning star there.


<translate> We two (not you) see the moon there.


<translate> The green pigeon is hard to see among the leaves, the old woman said, for it is the very colour of the canopy, but its low soft cooing gives it away.

Bakamu birra-ba nyaji buyun, mukul-jalbu balkan, nyulu yala birra, yamba nyungu yirrka bada kima nyulu balka.


<translate> The old man is staying in the shade with the baby.


<translate> Little sister found bird's eggs in the tree.


<translate> The young man became ashamed.