# sentences

frame: hearth
words_used: ["minya", "kurrma", "bayan", "dayal", "wandul", "jiba", "kudamundu", "bawal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: kurrma yalbay-nga LOC(a); wasting-any-part-is-deep-disrespect
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T06:40:57.916963+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-03T08:40:25.660608+00:00
english:
The old man said in the old days when they took a big animal, the whole thing went into a great earth oven and fed the whole camp for two days, and nothing was wasted — the fat, the liver, the marrow, the tail — for to waste any part of a creature that gave its life was the deepest kind of disrespect.

kuku:
Mukulungku dingkarangka balkan: ngadiku jana minya yalbay manin, yamba wubulku kurrma yalbay-mba dungan bayan wubulku daya jambul wungar, yamba nyubun kari kudamundu — wandul, jiba, kuku-mula, junkan — minya nyulu nyungu wawu dajinmu yamba nyubun kudamundu bawal mumbu bada bajaku.

analysis:
mukul-ungku dingkar-angka balka-ny: ngadiku jana minya yalbay mani-ny, yamba wubul-ku kurrma yalbay-mba dunga-ny bayan wubul-ku daya jambul wungar, yamba nyubun kari kudamundu, wandul, jiba, kuku-mula, junkan, minya nyulu nyungu wawu daji-ny-mu yamba nyubun kudamundu bawa-l mumbu bada bajaku | old man said: old.days they animal big took, thing all earth.oven big-LOC went camp all fed two day, thing one NEG wasted, fat, liver, marrow, tail, animal which its life gave-POSS thing one waste deepest disrespect | ...


frame: hearth
words_used: ["kurrma", "bayan", "dayal", "waju", "juku", "nukal", "nyubun", "milka-wula"]
loans_used: []
evidence: eating-from-one-oven-makes-people-one
status: accepted
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T06:40:57.916963+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-03T06:44:15.452357+00:00
english:
The old woman said one big earth oven feeds a whole camp better than twenty small cooking fires, not only because it saves wood and work, but because everyone eats from the one oven, and eating from the same oven makes people one, while twenty separate fires make twenty separate families who have forgotten they are one people.

kuku:
Wulbumanangka balkan: kurrma yalbay nyubun bayan wubulku daya ngulkurr-baja waju-bayan buban wubulmuny, kari juku kirraji buban-manilmu nganga, yambada bama wubulku kurrma nyubunmuny nukal, kurrma nyubunmuny nukal bama nyubun-manil, waju-bayan wubul yindu-yindu jawun-karra wubul yindu-yindu bungal jana milka-wulan jana nyubun bama.

analysis:
wulbuman-angka balka-ny: kurrma yalbay nyubun bayan wubul-ku daya ngulkurr-baja waju-bayan buban wubul-muny, kari juku kirraji buban-ma-ni-l-mu nganga, yambada bama wubul-ku kurrma nyubun-muny nuka-l, kurrma nyubun-muny nuka-l bama nyubun-ma-ni-l, waju-bayan wubul yindu-yindu jawun-karra wubul yindu-yindu bunga-l jana milka-wula-ny jana nyubun bama | old.woman said: earth.oven big one camp all feeds better cooking.fires small many-ABL, NEG wood work little-makes only, but people all oven one-from eat, oven one-from eat people one-makes, cooking.fires many separate families many separate makes they forgotten they one people | ...


frame: hearth
words_used: ["wula", "wajul", "dukurr", "nganja", "kurrma", "mayi", "jani", "wumbul"]
loans_used: []
evidence: dukurr-bu LOC(rr,u); ngala-nga 'outside' LOC(a); patient-warmth-changes-all-the-way-through
status: accepted
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T06:40:57.916963+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-03T06:44:15.452357+00:00
english:
The old man said the flame cooks the outside and leaves the inside raw, but the earth oven cooks slowly from every side at once and cooks the food all the way through, and this is a lesson about people too: quick heat only scorches the surface, but patient warmth changes a person all the way to the middle.

kuku:
Mukulungku dingkarangka balkan: wula ngalanga wajul dukurr-bu nganja bawal, kurrma buban-buban wubulku ngundumuny nyubunku wajul mayi wubulku dukurr-mundu jani-manil, yinya milbil bamamu baja: wumbul warri ngalanga nganja jirra-manil, wumbul maku-janal bama murni-manil dukurr-bu bajaku.

analysis:
mukul-ungku dingkar-angka balka-ny: wula ngala-nga waju-l dukurr-bu nganja bawa-l, kurrma buban-buban wubul-ku ngundu-muny nyubun-ku waju-l mayi wubul-ku dukurr-mundu jani-ma-ni-l, yinya milbi-l bama-mu baja: wumbul warri ngala-nga nganja jirra-ma-ni-l, wumbul maku-jana-l bama murni-ma-ni-l dukurr-bu bajaku | old man said: flame outside-LOC cooks inside raw leaves, earth.oven slowly all sides-from one-DAT cooks food all through cooks, that lesson people-POSS too: heat fast outside-LOC surface scorches, warmth patient person changes middle-to very | ...


frame: hearth
words_used: ["karrkay", "wungar", "kunku-jina", "milbil", "juwal", "bakal", "kaka", "kilbal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: kunku-jina digging.stick; yukil-nga LOC(l->? yukil->yukilba) FIX; read-the-vine-to-find-the-yam
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T06:40:57.916963+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The old woman took the children out at the right season with their digging sticks and showed them how to read the dry vine on the surface that tells where a yam sleeps below, and how to dig around it carefully and lift it whole, for a yam broken in the digging cannot be stored and half of it is lost.

kuku:
Wulbumanangka karrkay-karrkay wangan wungar yukilba jana jaba baja milbin yala nganja jarra bubu ngalanga nyajil nyulu juwal wanja bada wunay, yala nyulu ngundu buban-buban bakal wangkar-manilka wubulku, juwal kaka-manda bakalba murruji karrbal buban kilba-baja.

analysis:
wulbuman-angka karrkay-karrkay wanga-ny wungar yukil-ba jana jaba baja milbi-ny yala nganja jarra bubu ngala-nga nyaji-l nyulu juwal wanja bada wuna-y, yala nyulu ngundu buban-buban baka-l wangkar-ma-ni-nka wubul-ku, juwal kaka-ma-nda baka-l-ba murruji karrba-l buban kilba-baja | old.woman children took season right-LOC they digging.stick(jaba) too showed how vine dry ground surface-LOC read which yam where below sleeps, how it around carefully dig lift-DAT whole, yam broken-becomes digging-LOC unable store half lost | ...


frame: hearth
words_used: ["juwal", "wungar", "bubu", "janyul", "ngambuy", "bana", "binal", "dakwuy"]
loans_used: []
evidence: bana-nga LOC(a) 'soak in water'; ngambuy 'bitter/strong taste'; know-all-yams-never-go-hungry
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T06:40:57.916963+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T07:41:45.447654+00:00
english:
The old man said there is a yam for every season and every kind of country: the long yam of the sandy ground, the round yam of the vine scrub, the bitter yam that must be soaked and soaked before it is safe, and a person who knows all the yams and their seasons and their places need never go hungry, whatever else fails.

kuku:
Mukulungku dingkarangka balkan: juwal nyubun wungar wubulku bubu yindu-yindu wubulku: juwal kalbay jukarmu, juwal jirakal majajimu, juwal ngambuy nyulu bananga wunay wunay ngadiku nyulu yukil, bama nyulu juwal wubulku wungar bubu baja binal nyulu kariku dakwuy, yamba yindu wubulku wulanya baja.

analysis:
mukul-ungku dingkar-angka balka-ny: juwal nyubun wungar wubul-ku bubu yindu-yindu wubul-ku: juwal kalbay jukar-mu, juwal jirakal majaji-mu, juwal ngambuy nyulu bana-nga wuna-y wuna-y ngadiku nyulu yukil, bama nyulu juwal wubul-ku wungar bubu baja binal nyulu kariku dakwuy, yamba yindu wubul-ku wula-nya baja | old man said: yam one season all country different all: yam long sand-POSS, yam round rainforest-POSS, yam bitter it water-LOC soaks soaks first it safe, person who yams all seasons places too knows he never hungry, thing other all fails-SUB too | ...


frame: hearth
words_used: ["juwal", "ngambuy", "mayi", "kaki", "bana", "kulji", "dindal", "binal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: kaki (leaching the yam); leaching-the-poison; hard-won-old-knowledge
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T06:40:57.916963+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T03:50:48.615824+00:00
english:
The old woman said the bitter yam that would kill you raw becomes good food if you know the way: slice it thin, soak it in the running water of the creek for a day and a night so the water carries the poison away, then roast it, and this is old knowledge, hard-won, and a young person who scorns the old ways may learn it again the hard way, in pain.

kuku:
Wulbumanangka balkan: juwal ngambuy nyulu yundu jangkarbu wulanmanil nyulu mayi yukil-manda kaki yundu yala binal: buban-buban dakal, bana warri kuljinga wungar wujurr baja wunay bana ngambuy kala-kalbay jarrakulbanka, yalada dinda, yinya binal ngadiku, dandibu maninmu, warru nyulu ngadiku milka-mumbu nyulu binalka baja dandibu, buyunba.

analysis:
wulbuman-angka balka-ny: juwal ngambuy nyulu yundu jangkar-bu wula-n-ma-ni-l nyulu mayi yukil-ma-nda kaki yundu yala binal: buban-buban daka-l, bana warri kulji-nga wungar wujurr baja wuna-y bana ngambuy kala-kalbay jarrakulba-nka, yala-da dinda, yinya binal ngadiku, dandi-bu mani-ny-mu, warru nyulu ngadiku milka-mumbu nyulu binal-ka baja dandi-bu, buyun-ba | old.woman said: yam bitter it you raw-INST kills it food safe-becomes if you way know: thinly slice, water running creek-LOC day night too soaks water poison far.away carry-PURP, then roast, that knowledge old, hard-INST won-POSS, young who old.ways scorns he learn again hard-INST, pain-LOC | ...


frame: hearth
words_used: ["warru", "kulji", "nyurrbal", "jarra", "bana", "kawar", "bungal", "ngunjil"]
loans_used: []
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T06:40:57.916963+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The old man showed the young how to grind the hard seeds and nuts between two stones, the big flat stone below and the round stone above, working with the weight of the whole body, not just the arm, until the seed becomes a fine flour that can be mixed with water and baked into bread on the coals.

kuku:
Mukulungku dingkarangka warru milbin yala jarra-buyun kulji jambulba nyurrbanka, kulji yalbay yaral bada kulji jirakal wangkar, kirraji bangkarr wubulkubu, kari mara nyubunku, dukul jarra buban-buban buban-manda nyulu bananji buwal kawar bunganka ngunjilba.

analysis:
mukul-ungku dingkar-angka warru milbi-ny yala jarra-buyun kulji jambul-ba nyurrba-nka, kulji yalbay yaral bada kulji jirakal wangkar, kirraji bangkarr wubul-ku-bu, kari mara nyubun-ku, dukul jarra buban-buban buban-ma-nda nyulu bana-nji buwa-l kawar bunga-nka ngunjil-ba | old man young showed how seed-hard stones two-LOC grind, stone big flat below stone round above, work body whole-INST, NEG arm one-DAT, at.last seed fine(small) flour-becomes it water-with mix bread make-DAT coals-LOC | ...

evidence:
kulji jambul-nga 'between two stones' LOC(a); nyurrbal grind; ngunjil-nga LOC(l->? ngunjil->ngunjilba) FIX; grinding-seed-into-flour


frame: hearth
words_used: ["damba", "jarra", "nyurrbal", "bana", "bajar", "wumbul", "nganja", "wajul"]
loans_used: []
evidence: damba damper; bajar wumbul-nga 'in the hot ash' LOC(l->? wumbulba) FIX; baking-damper-in-the-ashes
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T06:40:57.916963+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T13:46:38.818755+00:00
english:
The old woman made the damper the old way, mixing the ground flour with a little water into a stiff dough, shaping it into a flat round, raking a clean bed in the hot ashes, laying the damper in and covering it with more hot ash, and turning it once, and the smell of it baking made every child hover close.

kuku:
Wulbumanangka damba bungan ngadiku yala, jarra-nyurrban bana buban baja murni-manin jarray-manda, jirakal-manda buban-buban, bajar wumbulba birra karra, damba bada daya bajar wumbul wubul baja wangkar-manin, murni-manin nyubun, nyungu nganja wajulba karrkay wubulku ngunduka wandiman.

analysis:
wulbuman-angka damba bunga-ny ngadiku yala, jarra-nyurrba-ny bana buban baja murni-ma-ni-ny jarray-ma-nda, jirakal-ma-nda buban-buban, bajar wumbul-ba birra karra, damba bada daya bajar wumbul wubul baja wangkar-ma-ni-ny, murni-ma-ni-ny nyubun, nyungu nganja waju-l-ba karrkay wubul-ku ngundu-ka wandi-ma-ny | old.woman damper made old way, ground.flour water little too dough-made stiff-become, flat-become carefully, ash hot-LOC bed cleared, damper down gave ash hot more too up put, turned once, its smell baking-LOC children all near drew | ...


frame: hearth
words_used: ["wunba", "jujubala", "wukurril", "dimbirr", "kubu", "dakal", "mandi-mandi", "dajil"]
loans_used: []
evidence: wunba honey; leaving-some-so-the-nest-lives; yindu-nga? yindu u->yindungu FIX
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T06:40:57.916963+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The old man followed the honey-bird to the hollow tree and read the small dark bees going in and out, then made a smoky fire below to quiet them, climbed to the hollow, and took out the dark wild honey and the wax comb, leaving some behind so the nest would live and give again another season.

kuku:
Mukulungku dingkarangka wunba-jujubala wukurrin juku dimbirr-mundu nyajin minya-buban wujurr dandi walanya dunganya, yalada baya kubu bada bungan jana janka-bungalka, dimbirr-mundu dakan, wunba wujurr mandi-mandi baja manin, buban bawan juku-bayan wula nyulu daji baja wungar yindungu.

analysis:
mukul-ungku dingkar-angka wunba-jujubala wukurri-ny juku dimbirr-mundu nyaji-ny minya-buban wujurr dandi wala-nya dunga-nya, yala-da baya kubu bada bunga-ny jana janka-bunga-nka, dimbirr-mundu daka-ny, wunba wujurr mandi-mandi baja mani-ny, buban bawa-ny juku-bayan wula nyulu daji baja wungar yindu-ngu | old man honey-bird followed tree hollow-toward watched bees dark in.and.out go-SUB, then fire smoke down made them quiet-make-DAT, hollow-toward climbed, honey dark honeycomb too took, little left nest live it give again season other | ...


frame: hearth
words_used: ["mayi", "baya", "dayal", "balbi", "minya", "jalbu", "juwal", "jangkar"]
loans_used: []
evidence: baya-ngu LOC(a->? baya a-final -> baya-nga) FIX baya-nga; everyone-brings-what-they-can
status: accepted
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T06:40:57.916963+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-03T06:44:15.452357+00:00
english:
The old woman said everyone brings food to the fire according to what they can do: the strong hunters bring the big meat, the sharp-eyed women bring the yams and the fruit and the honey, the children bring the small lizards and the eggs, and the very old bring the stories, and all of it goes into the one meal, and all of it is honoured equally.

kuku:
Wulbumanangka balkan: bama wubulku mayi bayangu daya yala nyulu wanya bungal: balbibama junkurr minya yalbay daya, jalbu miyil-warri juwal mayi wunba baja daya, karrkay-karrkay jarba buban diburr baja daya, mukul bajaku jangkar daya, yamba wubulku nyubun mayingu dungay, yamba wubulku nyubun yukil-bungal.

analysis:
wulbuman-angka balka-ny: bama wubul-ku mayi baya-ngu daya yala nyulu wanya bunga-l: balbi-bama junkurr minya yalbay daya, jalbu miyil-warri juwal mayi wunba baja daya, karrkay-karrkay jarba buban diburr baja daya, mukul bajaku jangkar daya, yamba wubul-ku nyubun mayi-ngu dunga-y, yamba wubul-ku nyubun yukil-bunga-l | old.woman said: people all food fire-to give as he what does: hunters strong meat big give, women sharp-eyed yams food honey too give, children lizards small eggs too give, old most stories give, thing all one meal-to goes, thing all equally honoured | ...


frame: hearth
words_used: ["kulbul", "nyajil", "bangkarr", "nganja", "jiba-wulay", "mayi", "jujubala", "bangkal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: kulbul 'ripe'; jiba-wulay 'sweet'; read-ripeness-with-all-the-senses
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T06:40:57.916963+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The old man said you learn to read ripeness with all the senses at once: the color deepening, the give of the flesh under a gentle thumb, the smell that sweetens, the ease with which the fruit leaves the stem, and a person who picks too early wastes the fruit and a person who picks too late loses it to the birds, so timing is the whole art of the gatherer.

kuku:
Mukulungku dingkarangka balkan: yundu binalka kulbul nyajinka bangkarr wubulkubu nyubunku: nganja-jarray badanya, minya janka marabu jilbanya, nganja jiba-wulaymanda, mayi juku-muny buban-buban dungay, bama nyulu ngadiku-baja manil mayi kudamundu bama nyulu dumbay-baja manil jujubalangu kilban, wungar-yukil bangkal-bamamu kirraji wubulku.

analysis:
mukul-ungku dingkar-angka balka-ny: yundu binal-ka kulbul nyaji-nka bangkarr wubul-ku-bu nyubun-ku: nganja-jarray bada-nya, minya janka mara-bu jilba-nya, nganja jiba-wulay-ma-nda, mayi juku-muny buban-buban dunga-y, bama nyulu ngadiku-baja mani-l mayi kudamundu bama nyulu dumbay-baja mani-l jujubala-ngu kilba-ny, wungar-yukil bangka-l-bama-mu kirraji wubul-ku | old man said: you learn ripeness read-DAT senses all-INST one-DAT: color deepening, flesh give thumb-INST presses-SUB, smell sweetens, fruit stem-ABL easily comes, person who too.early takes fruit wastes person who too.late takes birds-to loses, timing gatherer-POSS art whole | ...


frame: hearth
words_used: ["bangkal", "juwal", "ngamu", "mayi", "jujubala", "dukurr", "bubu", "yamba-kari"]
loans_used: []
evidence: dukurr-bu LOC(rr,u); leave-the-mother-plant-and-the-last-one
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T06:40:57.916963+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The old woman said when you gather, never take the last one and never take the mother plant: leave the biggest yam to make the seed, leave enough fruit for the birds who plant tomorrow's trees, and take only from the middle, for the gatherer who empties a place will find it empty forever, and the gatherer who leaves enough will find it full every year of a long life.

kuku:
Wulbumanangka balkan: yundu bangkanya, kari nganga bada bajaku mani kari ngamu-mayi mani: juwal yalbay bawa jarra-kuka bunganka, mayi wubul bawa jujubalanka jana wungar-kadalmu juku jarranmu, dukurr-bu nganga mani, bangkal-bama nyulu bubu yamba-kari-manil nyulu nyaji yamba-kari yabarrka, bangkal-bama nyulu wubul bawal nyulu nyaji buwun wungar wubulku wawu kalbaymuny.

analysis:
wulbuman-angka balka-ny: yundu bangka-nya, kari nganga bada bajaku mani kari ngamu-mayi mani: juwal yalbay bawa jarra-kuka bunga-nka, mayi wubul bawa jujubala-nka jana wungar-kada-l-mu juku jarra-ny-mu, dukurr-bu nganga mani, bangka-l-bama nyulu bubu yamba-kari-ma-ni-l nyulu nyaji yamba-kari yabarrka, bangka-l-bama nyulu wubul bawa-l nyulu nyaji buwu-ny wungar wubul-ku wawu kalbay-muny | old.woman said: you gather-SUB, NEG just last take NEG mother-plant take: yam big leave seed make-DAT, fruit enough leave birds-for they tomorrow's trees plant-POSS, middle-from only take, gatherer who place empty-makes he finds empty always, gatherer who enough leaves he finds full year all life long-ABL | ...


frame: hearth
words_used: ["kuyu", "ngunjil", "dalku", "jindi", "waju", "minya", "jiba-wulay", "nukal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: ngunjil dalku-nga 'on the red coals' LOC(u); jindi 'fish scale/skin'; roasting-fish-on-coals
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T06:40:57.916963+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:46:05.836376+00:00
english:
The old man laid the fish straight on the red coals without any wrapping, turning it once when the skin blackened and lifted, and he said this is the oldest cooking of all and the best for a fresh fish, for the coals seal the outside in a moment and the flesh steams in its own skin, and nothing is sweeter eaten by the water where it was caught.

kuku:
Mukulungku dingkarangka kuyu murni ngunjil mula-mula-nga daya kari buwunbu, murni-manin nyubun jindi wujurr-manda wangkar-mandanya, nyulu balkan yinya waju ngadiku bajaku wubulmuny yukil bajaku kuyu jirakalmu, ngunjil ngalanga karra buban-buban minya nyungu jindinga bana-kubu, yamba nyubun kari jiba-wulay-baja nukal bana ngundu nyulu maninba.

analysis:
mukul-ungku dingkar-angka kuyu murni ngunjil mula-mula-nga daya kari buwun-bu, murni-ma-ni-ny nyubun jindi wujurr-ma-nda wangkar-ma-nda-nya, nyulu balka-ny yinya waju ngadiku bajaku wubul-muny yukil bajaku kuyu jirakal-mu, ngunjil ngala-nga karra buban-buban minya nyungu jindi-nga bana-kubu, yamba nyubun kari jiba-wulay-baja nuka-l bana ngundu nyulu mani-ny-ba | old man fish straight coals red-LOC gave NEG wrapping-INST, turned once skin blackens lifts-SUB, he said this cooking oldest all-ABL best fish fresh-POSS, coals outside-LOC seal flesh its skin-LOC steam, thing one NEG sweeter eaten water near it caught-LOC | ...


frame: hearth
words_used: ["minya", "balamu", "bana", "kulji", "baya", "wumbul", "daga", "wuynkurr"]
loans_used: []
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T06:40:57.916963+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T13:46:38.818755+00:00
english:
For the toughest cuts the old woman boiled the meat in water heated by dropping fire-hot stones into a bark trough, changing the stones as they cooled, and the long slow boiling made even the toughest old meat soft enough for a person with no teeth, and the broth that was left was saved and given to the sick and the very old.

kuku:
Minya junkurr bajakunku wulbumanangka minya balamun bananga kulji baya-wumbulbu warrur-bana-yaralba yijarrin, kulji murni-manin jana kiway-mandanya, balamu kalbay maku-janal minya mukul junkurr baja buban-manin bama dirra-karinka, wuynkurr nyulu bawan karrban daya buyun-bamanka mukul bajakunka baja.

analysis:
minya junkurr bajaku-nka wulbuman-angka minya balamu-ny bana-nga kulji baya-wumbul-bu bina-bana-yaral-ba yijarri-ny, kulji murni-ma-ni-ny jana kiway-ma-nda-nya, balamu kalbay maku-jana-l minya mukul junkurr baja buban-ma-ni-ny bama dirra-kari-nka, wuynkurr nyulu bawa-ny karrba-ny daya buyun-bama-nka mukul bajaku-nka baja | meat tough most-for old.woman meat boiled water-LOC stones fire-hot-INST bark-water-trough-LOC dropped, stones changed they cool-become-SUB, boiling long patient meat old tough too soft-made person tooth-less-for, broth it left kept gave sick-people-for old most-for too | ...

evidence:
bana-nga LOC(a); baya-wumbul-bu 'fire-hot' INST; wuynkurr 'meat juice/broth'; stone-boiling-the-tough-meat


frame: hearth
words_used: ["bina", "waju", "kuyu", "wurrul", "juwal", "wawun", "ngunjil", "wuynkurr"]
loans_used: []
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T06:40:57.916963+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:46:46.245393+00:00
english:
The old man said the leaf is the oldest cooking pot: wrap the small fish or the shellfish or the soft yam in a thick green leaf, tie it with a strip of bark, lay it in the coals, and the leaf holds the juices in and gives its own faint flavor to the food, and when you unwrap it the steam and the smell are the reward for the patience.

kuku:
Mukulungku dingkarangka balkan: birra waju-yamba ngadiku bajaku: kuyu buban wurrul juwal buban baja birra junkurr jirakalbu buwu, wawun-bubanda kaja, ngunjilba daya, birra wuynkurr dukurr-bu karrbal nyungu nganja buban mayingu daji, yundu kajanya bana-kubu nganja baja maku-janalmu yukil.

analysis:
mukul-ungku dingkar-angka balka-ny: birra waju-yamba ngadiku bajaku: kuyu buban wurrul juwal buban baja birra junkurr jirakal-bu buwu, wawun-buban-da kaja, ngunjil-ba daya, birra wuynkurr dukurr-bu karrba-l nyungu nganja buban mayi-ngu daji, yundu kaja-nya bana-kubu nganja baja maku-jana-l-mu yukil | old man said: leaf cooking-vessel oldest very: fish small shellfish yam soft too leaf thick green-INST wrap, bark-strip tie, coals-LOC lay, leaf juices inside holds its flavor little food-to gives, you unwrap-SUB steam smell too patience-POSS reward | ...

evidence:
bina 'leaf'; dukurr-bu LOC(rr,u); ngunjil-nga LOC(l->? ngunjilba) FIX; the-leaf-is-the-oldest-cooking-pot


frame: hearth
words_used: ["baya", "mayi", "wajul", "wula", "jirra", "dukurr", "ngunjil", "kija"]
loans_used: []
evidence: dukurr-bu LOC(rr,u); ngala-nga LOC(a); watch-the-fire-not-the-food
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T06:40:57.916963+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The old woman said watch the fire, not the food, when you cook, for the fire tells you everything: too much flame and the outside burns before the inside cooks, too little and the food sits raw and cold, but a steady bed of coals with no flame at all is the secret of good cooking, and learning to make and hold that bed is half the skill.

kuku:
Wulbumanangka balkan: baya nyaji, kari mayi, yundu wajunya, baya yundunka yamba wubulku milbil: wula wubul ngalanga jirra dukurr-bu wajul ngadiku, wula buban mayi nganja kiway-kiway janji, ngunjil birra wula-kari junkurr nyulu waju-yukilmu kuku, birra yinya bunganka karrbanka baja kirraji buban.

analysis:
wulbuman-angka balka-ny: baya nyaji, kari mayi, yundu waju-nya, baya yundu-nka yamba wubul-ku milbi-l: wula wubul ngala-nga jirra dukurr-bu waju-l ngadiku, wula buban mayi nganja kiway-kiway karra, ngunjil birra wula-kari junkurr nyulu waju-yukil-mu kuku, birra yinya bunga-nka karrba-nka baja kirraji buban | old.woman said: fire watch, NEG food, you cook-SUB, fire you-to thing all tells: flame much outside-LOC burns inside cooks before, flame little food raw cold sits, coal-bed flame-less steady it good-cooking-POSS secret, bed that make-DAT hold-DAT too skill half | ...


frame: hearth
words_used: ["minya", "wandul", "jarukay", "kuyu", "jiba-wulay", "dakwuy", "balamu", "daji-way"]
loans_used: []
evidence: wungar-nga LOC(r->? wungara) FIX wungara; daji-way RECIP; the-fat-is-the-richest-lean-time-food
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T06:40:57.916963+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:22:22.593599+00:00
english:
The old man said nothing on a creature is wasted, and the fat most of all: the fat of the goanna and the possum and the fish is the richest food of the lean time, rendered slowly over gentle heat and stored, and a spoon of it in the cold months does more than a whole meal of lean meat, so the fat is guarded and shared with the old first.

kuku:
Mukulungku dingkarangka balkan: minyanga yamba nyubun kari kudamundu, wandul wubulku bajaku: jadi kambi-mabi kuyu baja wandul mayi jiba-wulay bajaku dakwuy wungarmu, wumbul buban-bu buban-buban balamu-manin karrban, wandul buban kiway-kiway wungara ngulkurr-baja minya jiba-kari wubulmuny, wandul yabarrka kujil mukulnka ngadiku daji-way.

analysis:
mukul-ungku dingkar-angka balka-ny: minya-nga yamba nyubun kari kudamundu, wandul wubul-ku bajaku: jadi-y kambi-mabi kuyu baja wandul mayi jiba-wulay bajaku dakwuy wungar-mu, wumbul buban-bu buban-buban balamu-ma-ni-ny karrba-ny, wandul buban kiway-kiway wungar-a ngulkurr-baja minya jiba-kari wubul-muny, wandul yabarrka kuji-l mukul-nka ngadiku daji-way | old man said: creature-on thing one NEG wasted, fat most very: goanna possum fish too fat food richest hunger season-POSS, heat gentle-INST slowly rendered kept, fat little cold season-LOC better meat lean whole-ABL, fat always guarded old-for first share | ...


frame: hearth
words_used: ["waju", "nganja", "dungay", "milka", "mara", "mayi", "dukurr", "wawu-mini"]
loans_used: []
evidence: dungal-nga LOC(l->? dungalba) FIX; nganja-kangal 'taste'; cooking-is-a-conversation-with-the-food
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T06:40:57.916963+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:46:05.836376+00:00
english:
The old woman said a good cook tastes as she goes, adjusting by memory and by feel, adding a little of this and a little of that, for cooking is not a fixed law but a conversation between the cook and the food, and the same dish is never quite the same twice, and this is not a flaw but the whole living pleasure of it.

kuku:
Wulbumanangka balkan: waju-bama yukil nganja-kangal nyulu dungalba, murni-manil milkabu marabu, buban yinyamu daya buban yindumu baja, waju kari kuku-yukil janji yambada kuku-daji waju-bama mayi baja dukurr-bu, mayi nyubun kariku nyubun jambulmu, yinya kari mumbu yambada wawu-mini wula wubulku nyungu.

analysis:
wulbuman-angka balka-ny: waju-bama yukil nganja-kangal nyulu dunga-l-ba, murni-ma-ni-l milka-bu mara-bu, buban yinya-mu daya buban yindu-mu baja, waju kari kuku-yukil karra yambada kuku-daji waju-bama mayi baja dukurr-bu, mayi nyubun kariku nyubun jambul-mu, yinya kari mumbu yambada wawu-mini wula wubul-ku nyungu | old.woman said: cook good tastes she going-LOC, adjusts memory-INST feel-INST, little this-POSS gives little that-POSS too, cooking NEG fixed.law stands but conversation cook food too between, dish one never one twice-POSS, that NEG flaw but pleasure living all its | ...


frame: hearth
words_used: ["buyun", "wajun", "mayi", "wumbul", "juwal", "wandul", "balamu", "kalbal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: buyun 'sick'; kuni-way RECIP 'fights'; warm-soft-food-is-medicine
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T06:40:57.916963+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T13:59:04.541949+00:00
english:
When someone was sick the old woman cooked differently, making the food soft and easy and warm: the yam mashed with fat, the broth of the long-boiled meat, small pieces easy to swallow, nothing burnt or bitter, for the body fighting an illness has little strength to spare for hard chewing, and warm soft food is itself a kind of medicine.

kuku:
Bama buyun janay-mba wulbumanangka yindu-baja wajun, mayi buban kima wumbul bungan: juwal wandulbu duda-manin, minya kalbay balamunmu wuynkurr, buban-buban karra-yukil, yamba nyubun kari jirra ngambuy, bangkarr nyulu buyunji kuni-way junkurr buban maja-nka, mayi wumbul kima nyulu nganga yala kalbal.

analysis:
bama buyun jana-y-mba wulbuman-angka yindu-baja waju-ny, mayi buban kima wumbul bunga-ny: juwal wandul-bu duda-ma-ni-ny, minya kalbay balamu-ny-mu wuynkurr, buban-buban karra-yukil, yamba nyubun kari jirra ngambuy, bangkarr nyulu buyun-ji kuni-way junkurr buban maja-nka, mayi wumbul kima nyulu nganga yala kalbal | person sick was-LOC old.woman differently cooked, food soft easy warm made: yam fat-INST mashed, meat long boiled-POSS broth, small.pieces swallow-easy, thing one NEG burnt bitter, body it illness-with fights strength little hard.chewing-for, food warm soft it just like medicine | ...


frame: hearth
words_used: ["mayi", "jirra", "milbil", "waju", "baya", "binal", "damba", "milka-murruji"]
loans_used: []
evidence: the-burnt-meal-is-the-great-teacher
status: accepted
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T06:40:57.916963+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-03T06:44:15.452357+00:00
english:
The old man said the burnt meal is the great teacher of the young cook, for you cannot learn the fire from words, only from the smell of your own carelessness, and the one who has never burnt anything has never cooked anything either, so do not shame the child whose damper is black on one side, only ask them what the fire was telling them that they did not hear.

kuku:
Mukulungku dingkarangka balkan: mayi jirra milbi-bama yalbay waju-bama warrumu, yundu murruji baya binal kukumuny, nyungu binal-karimu nganjamuny nganga, bama nyulu kariku yamba jirra-manin nyulu kariku yamba wajun baja, kari karrkay milka-murruji-bunga nyungu damba wujurr nyubunku, nganga babaji jana wanya baya jananka balkan jana kari ngaranmu.

analysis:
mukul-ungku dingkar-angka balka-ny: mayi jirra milbi-bama yalbay waju-bama warru-mu, yundu murruji baya binal kuku-muny, nyungu binal-kari-mu nganja-muny nganga, bama nyulu kariku yamba jirra-ma-ni-ny nyulu kariku yamba waju-ny baja, kari karrkay milka-murruji-bunga nyungu damba wujurr nyubun-ku, nganga babaji jana wanya baya jana-nka balka-ny jana kari ngara-ny-mu | old man said: food burnt teacher big cook young-POSS, you unable fire learn word-ABL, your carelessness-POSS smell-ABL only, person who never thing burnt he never thing cooked too, NEG child shame his damper black one-side, just ask them what fire them-to said they NEG heard-POSS | ...


frame: hearth
words_used: ["baya", "wungar", "kalkal", "balbil", "mayi", "wajul", "dukurr", "jangkar"]
loans_used: []
evidence: dukurr-bu LOC(rr,u); the-fire-is-where-the-day-comes-to-rest
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T06:40:57.916963+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T07:17:23.800480+00:00
english:
The old woman said the fire is where the day comes to rest: the hunting done, the food cooking, the people drawing in from the edges of the country to the one warm center, and it is here, in the good tiredness after the meal, that the stories are told and the children learn who they are and where they come from.

kuku:
Wulbumanangka balkan: baya wanja wungar mara-kunbanka kaday: balbil dumban, mayi wajunya, bama bubu wular-muny ngundu-mundu dukurr-bu wumbul nyubunku kadan, yinya, mayimuny wawu-wula-y yukilba, jangkar balkan karrkay-karrkay binal jana wanyu jana wanjamuny kadanmu.

analysis:
wulbuman-angka balka-ny: baya wanja wungar mara-kunba-nka kada-y: balbi-l dumba-ny, mayi waju-nya, bama bubu wular-muny ngundu-mundu dukurr-bu wumbul nyubun-ku kada-ny, yinya, mayi-muny wawu-wula-y yukil-ba, jangkar balka-ny karrkay-karrkay binal jana wanyu jana wanja-muny kada-ny-mu | old.woman said: fire where day rest-DAT comes: hunting finished, food cooking, people country edges-from near-toward center warm one-DAT came, here, meal-ABL tiredness good-LOC, stories told children learn they who they where-from came-POSS | ...


frame: hearth
words_used: ["balbi", "minya", "nukal", "buban", "mukul", "buyun", "wawu-junkurr", "kulun"]
loans_used: []
evidence: kulun 'selfish/stingy'; the-catch-is-divided-before-it-is-eaten
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T06:40:57.916963+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
When a hunter came back with a big catch, the old man said, the first thing done was not to eat but to divide: the best portions to the old and the sick who could not hunt, the working shares to the hunters and their families, and the hunter who killed it often ate last and least, for the honor was in the giving, and a stingy hunter soon found no one glad to see him return.

kuku:
Balbi-bama minya yalbaybu kadanya, mukulungku dingkarangka balkan, yamba ngadiku kari nukal yambada buban-manda: minya yukil mukulnka buyun-bamanka jana murruji balbil, kirraji-minya balbi-bamanka jawun-karranka baja, balbi-bama nyulu kunin yabarrka dumbay-mba nukal buban baja, wawu-junkurr dajilba, balbi-bama kulun buban-buban bama nyubun kari wawu-mini nyulu nyunbanya nyajinka.

analysis:
balbi-bama minya yalbay-bu kada-nya, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka balka-ny, yamba ngadiku kari nuka-l yambada buban-ma-nda: minya yukil mukul-nka buyun-bama-nka jana murruji balbi-l, kirraji-minya balbi-bama-nka jawun-karra-nka baja, balbi-bama nyulu kuni-ny yabarrka dumbay-mba nuka-l buban baja, wawu-junkurr daji-l-ba, balbi-bama kulun buban-buban bama nyubun kari wawu-mini nyulu nyunba-nya nyaji-nka | hunter meat big-INST comes-SUB, old man said, thing first NEG eat but divide: meat good old-for sick-people-for who unable hunt, working-meat hunters-for families-for too, hunter who killed always last-LOC eats little too, honor giving-LOC, hunter stingy soon people one NEG glad he return-SUB see-DAT | ...


frame: hearth
words_used: ["bama", "dayal", "kaki", "jawun", "dakwuy", "baya", "kujil", "ngaral"]
loans_used: []
evidence: kaki (guest fed first); baya-ngu LOC(a->? baya-nga) FIX; the-guest-is-fed-first-and-best
status: accepted
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T06:40:57.916963+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-03T06:44:15.452357+00:00
english:
The old woman said the guest is always fed first and fed the best, even if it means the family goes a little short, for a person who arrives at your fire hungry is under your care until they leave, and how a people treats the stranger at its fire is the truest measure of what that people is, better than any words they say about themselves.

kuku:
Wulbumanangka balkan: bama-yindu yabarrka ngadiku daya yukil bajaku daya, kaki jawun-karra buban dakwuy janayka baja, bama nyulu nyungu bayangu dakwuy kaday nyulu yundu kujilba nyulu dungay baja, bama nyubun bama-yindu nyungu bayangu yala ngaral yinya murni bajaku bama nyubun wanya, ngulkurr-baja kuku wubulmuny jana nyulu-nyulunka balkalmu.

analysis:
wulbuman-angka balka-ny: bama-yindu yabarrka ngadiku daya yukil bajaku daya, kaki jawun-karra buban dakwuy jana-y-ka baja, bama nyulu nyungu baya-ngu dakwuy kada-y nyulu yundu kuji-l-ba nyulu dunga-y baja, bama nyubun bama-yindu nyungu baya-ngu yala ngara-l yinya murni bajaku bama nyubun wanya, ngulkurr-baja kuku wubul-muny jana nyulu-nyulu-nka balka-l-mu | old.woman said: guest always first fed best fed, if family little short is too, person who your fire-to hungry comes he your care-in he leaves before, people how guest its fire-to treats that measure truest people one what, better words all-ABL they themselves-about say-POSS | ...


frame: hearth
words_used: ["karrkay", "binal", "baya", "minya", "daji-way", "ngaral", "jangkar", "milbil"]
loans_used: []
evidence: daji-way RECIP; children-learn-the-whole-law-at-the-fireside
status: accepted
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T06:40:57.916963+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-03T06:44:15.452357+00:00
english:
The old man said the children learn more at the fireside than anywhere else, watching how the meat is shared and who is served first and how the guest is treated and how the story of a hard day is told without complaint, and by the time they are grown they have learned the whole law of their people without a single lesson ever being named as such.

kuku:
Mukulungku dingkarangka balkan: karrkay-karrkay binalman baya ngunduka wubul-baja bubu yindu wubulmuny, nyajil yala minya daji-way wanyu ngadiku daya bama-yindu yala ngaral jangkar wungar dandimu yala balkan kari kuku-mumbubu, jana warru-mandanya jana binalman kuku wubulku bamamu nyubun milbil kari nyubun burri-bunganmu.

analysis:
mukul-ungku dingkar-angka balka-ny: karrkay-karrkay binal-ma-ny baya ngundu-ka wubul-baja bubu yindu wubul-muny, nyaji-l yala minya daji-way wanyu ngadiku daya bama-yindu yala ngara-l jangkar wungar dandi-mu yala balka-ny kari kuku-mumbu-bu, jana warru-ma-nda-nya jana binal-ma-ny kuku wubul-ku bama-mu nyubun milbi-l kari nyubun burri-bunga-ny-mu | old man said: children learn fire near-LOC more place other all-ABL, watch how meat shared who first served guest how treated story day hard-POSS how told NEG complaint-INST, they grown-become-SUB they learned law all people-POSS one teaching NEG one named-POSS | ...


frame: hearth
words_used: ["mukul", "baya", "bunday", "mula", "wumbul", "bubu", "warru", "binal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: the-warm-place-belongs-to-the-elders
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T06:40:57.916963+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:46:05.836376+00:00
english:
The old ones sat closest to the fire, the old man said, and this was right, for their thin old blood felt the cold most, and the warm place by the fire was theirs by long custom, and a young person who took the warm place from an elder without thinking would be quietly moved, and would learn without shame that some places belong to those who have earned them by living long.

kuku:
Mukul jana baya ngunduku bundan, mukulungku dingkarangka balkan, yinya yukil, nyungu mula mukul jinbal kiway-kiway milkabu baykan wubulku, bubu wumbul baya ngunduku jananka ngadiku-kukubu, warru nyulu wumbul-bubu mukulmuny manin milka-mundu nyulu janka murni-manil, nyulu binalka kari milka-murrujibu bubu nyubun jananka jana nyulu manin wawu kalbay janaymuny.

analysis:
mukul jana baya ngundu-ku bunda-ny, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka balka-ny, yinya yukil, nyungu mula mukul jinbal kiway-kiway milka-bu bayka-ny wubul-ku, bubu wumbul baya ngundu-ku jana-nka ngadiku-kuku-bu, warru nyulu wumbul-bubu mukul-muny mani-ny milka-mundu nyulu karra murni-ma-ni-l, nyulu binal-ka kari milka-murruji-bu bubu nyubun jana-nka jana nyulu mani-ny wawu kalbay jana-y-muny | old they fire near-DAT sat, old man said, that right, their blood old thin cold felt most, place warm fire near-DAT them-for old-custom-INST, young who warm-place elder-from took NEG thinking-INST he quietly moved, he learns NEG shame-INST place one them-for they it earned life long being-ABL | ...


frame: hearth
words_used: ["baya", "nukal", "dakwuy", "kaki", "daji-way", "jiba", "yajin", "jiba-wulay"]
loans_used: []
evidence: kaki (sharing with a stranger); daji-wan RECIP; no-one-eats-while-another-watches-hungry
status: accepted
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T06:40:57.916963+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-03T06:44:15.452357+00:00
english:
The old woman said the oldest law of the fire is this: no one eats while another watches hungry, so if a stranger walks up while you are eating, you make room and share, even if there is little, for a full belly beside an empty one is a shame that spoils the taste, and the meal shared with a hungry stranger always tastes better than the meal eaten alone.

kuku:
Wulbumanangka balkan: baya kuku ngadiku bajaku yinya: bama nyubun kari nukal bama yindu dakwuy nyajinya, kaki bama-yindu jilban yundu nukalnya, yundu bubu daji daji-way, kaki buban janayka baja, jiba yajin dakwuy ngunduka nyulu milka-murruji nganja mumbu-manil, mayi bama-yindu dakwuyji daji-wan yabarrka jiba-wulay-baja nukal mayi nganga nukalmuny.

analysis:
wulbuman-angka balka-ny: baya kuku ngadiku bajaku yinya: bama nyubun kari nuka-l bama yindu dakwuy nyaji-nya, kaki bama-yindu jilba-ny yundu nuka-l-nya, yundu bubu daji daji-way, kaki buban jana-y-ka baja, jiba yajin dakwuy ngundu-ka nyulu milka-murruji nganja mumbu-ma-ni-l, mayi bama-yindu dakwuy-ji daji-wa-ny yabarrka jiba-wulay-baja nuka-l mayi nganga nuka-l-muny | old.woman said: fire law oldest very this: person one NEG eats person other hungry watches-SUB, if stranger walks you eat-SUB, you room give share, if little is too, belly full hungry near-LOC it shame taste spoils, food stranger hungry-with shared always sweeter eaten food alone eaten-ABL | ...


frame: hearth
words_used: ["baya", "bawal", "jilba", "kija", "kuni-way", "wula", "daji", "bubu"]
loans_used: []
evidence: daji-nyaku IRR 'could have shared'; kija-nga LOC(a); never-refuse-a-traveller-a-fire
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T06:40:57.916963+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:22:22.593599+00:00
english:
The old man said a fire is never refused to a traveller in the cold, not even to an enemy, for the night and the cold are older enemies than any quarrel between people, and to let a person freeze within sight of your flames when you could have shared them is a wrong so deep that the country itself would remember it against you.

kuku:
Mukulungku dingkarangka balkan: baya kariku bawal jilba-bamanka kiwaymba, kari bama-kunika baja, wujurr kiway-kiway ngadiku-kuni bama jambulmu kuni-waymuny, bama kiway-wulal nyungu wula nyajilba yundu daji-nyaku yinya mumbu bada bajaku bubu nyulu-nyulu milkal yundumuny.

analysis:
mukul-ungku dingkar-angka balka-ny: baya kariku bawa-l jilba-bama-nka kiway-mba, kari bama-kuni-ka baja, wujurr kiway-kiway ngadiku-kuni bama jambul-mu kuni-way-muny, bama kiway-wula-l nyungu wula nyaji-l-ba yundu daji-nyaku yinya mumbu bada bajaku bubu nyulu-nyulu milka-l yundu-muny | old man said: fire never refused traveller-to cold-LOC, NEG enemy-to too, night cold old-enemy people two-POSS fight.each.other-ABL, person cold-dies your flame see-LOC you share-IRR that wrong deepest country itself remembers you-against | ...


frame: hearth
words_used: ["nganja", "nyunbay", "wungar", "jarra", "wunba", "jiba-wulay", "kuyu", "wajul"]
loans_used: []
evidence: wangar-nga LOC(r->? wangara) FIX wangara; ngana-nji 'with us' COMIT; taste-carries-back-the-dead
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T06:40:57.916963+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:46:05.836376+00:00
english:
The old woman said a taste can carry you back across forty years in a single breath: the smell of a certain root roasting, the sweetness of a particular honey, the way her own mother cooked the fish, and this is one way the dead stay with us, in the food we still cook the way they taught us, so cook the old dishes, and they are there at the fire with you.

kuku:
Wulbumanangka balkan: nganja yundu nyunbanmanil wungar wubulmuny nyubun wangarnga: jarra nyubun wajulmu nganja, wunba nyubunmu jiba-wulay, ngamu nyulu-nyulu yala kuyu wajunmu, yinya nyubun yala bama wula ngananji janji, mayinga ngana yabarrka wajul yala jana milbinmu, waju mayi ngadiku, jana yinya baya ngunduka yundunji.

analysis:
wulbuman-angka balka-ny: nganja yundu nyunba-n-ma-ni-l wungar wubul-muny nyubun wangar-nga: jarra nyubun waju-l-mu nganja, wunba nyubun-mu jiba-wulay, ngamu nyulu-nyulu yala kuyu waju-ny-mu, yinya nyubun yala bama wula ngana-nji karra, mayi-nga ngana yabarrka waju-l yala jana milbi-ny-mu, waju mayi ngadiku, jana yinya baya ngundu-ka yundu-nji | old.woman said: taste you carries.back years many-ABL one breath-LOC: root one roasting-POSS smell, honey one-POSS sweetness, mother herself how fish cooked-POSS, that one way dead us-with stay, food-LOC we still cook as they taught-POSS, cook food old, they there fire near-LOC you-with | ...


frame: hearth
words_used: ["jilbay", "kalbay", "dandi", "jawun", "mayi", "wajul", "dukurr", "baya"]
loans_used: []
evidence: dukurr-bu LOC(rr,u); wujurr-bu-nga? 'in the dark country'; the-farewell-meal-is-a-light-on-the-road
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T06:40:57.916963+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
When someone was leaving on a long and dangerous journey, the old man said, the family cooked them a special meal the night before, all their favorite foods, and everyone ate together and told the good old stories, for whatever happened out on the road, the traveller would carry the warmth of that fire and that meal inside them, and it would be a light in dark places.

kuku:
Bama jilbanka kalbay dandinga baja dunganya, mukulungku dingkarangka balkan, jawun-karra jananka mayi yukil wajun kunarangkal ngadiku, nyungu mayi wawu-mini wubulku, bama wubulku nyubunji nukan jangkar ngadiku yukil balkan, yamba wanya baral yaralba bungal, jilba-bama baya yinya mayi yinya wumbul dukurr-bu jarrakulbal, nyulu wula janayka bubu wujurrbu.

analysis:
bama jilba-nka kalbay dandi-nga baja dunga-nya, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka balka-ny, jawun-karra jana-nka mayi yukil waju-ny kunarangkal ngadiku, nyungu mayi wawu-mini wubul-ku, bama wubul-ku nyubun-ji nuka-ny jangkar ngadiku yukil balka-ny, yamba wanya baral yaral-ba bunga-l, jilba-bama baya yinya mayi yinya wumbul dukurr-bu jarrakulba-l, nyulu wula jana-y-ka bubu wujurr-bu | person journey long hard too goes-SUB, old man said, family them-for food good cooked night before, their food happy all, people all together ate stories old good told, thing what road open-LOC happens, traveller fire that food that warmth inside carries, it light be-DAT country dark-LOC | ...


frame: hearth
words_used: ["baya", "mayi", "kudamundu", "wula", "jarral", "balbi", "bangkal", "waju"]
loans_used: []
evidence: wasting-food-spits-on-all-the-giving
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T06:40:57.916963+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The old woman said the worst thing you can do at the fire is waste food, for every piece of food is a life given and a work done — the animal that died, the plant that grew a whole season, the hunter's day, the gatherer's aching back, the cook's care — and to throw any of it away carelessly is to spit on all of that giving, so the child who wastes is corrected gently but always.

kuku:
Wulbumanangka balkan: yamba mumbu bajaku baya ngunduka yundu bunganka mayi kudamundu, mayi nyubun wubulku wawu dajinmu kirraji bunganmu — minya nyulu wulanmu, mayi nyulu wungar wubulku jarranmu, balbi-bamamu wungar, bangkal-bamamu muku dandi, waju-bamamu kuji — yamba nyubun binal-karibu kudamundu bawal nyulu wawu-daji wubulkungu bikirr-manilmu, karrkay nyulu kudamundu murni-bunga buban-buban yambada yabarrka.

analysis:
wulbuman-angka balka-ny: yamba mumbu bajaku baya ngundu-ka yundu bunga-nka mayi kudamundu, mayi nyubun wubul-ku wawu daji-ny-mu kirraji bunga-ny-mu, minya nyulu wula-ny-mu, mayi nyulu wungar wubul-ku jarra-ny-mu, balbi-bama-mu wungar, bangka-l-bama-mu muku dandi, waju-bama-mu kuji, yamba nyubun binal-kari-bu kudamundu bawa-l nyulu wawu-daji wubul-ku-ngu bikirr-ma-ni-l-mu, karrkay nyulu kudamundu murni-bunga buban-buban yambada yabarrka | old.woman said: thing worst fire near-LOC you do-DAT food waste, food one all life given-POSS work done-POSS, animal which died-POSS, plant which season all grew-POSS, hunter-POSS day, gatherer-POSS back aching, cook-POSS care, thing one carelessly waste it giving all-on spit-POSS, child who wastes corrected gently but always | ...


frame: hearth
words_used: ["dakwuy", "milbil", "karrkay", "binal", "jiba", "yajin", "mayi", "mukul"]
loans_used: []
evidence: hunger-teaches-the-worth-of-a-full-belly
status: accepted
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T06:40:57.916963+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-03T06:44:15.452357+00:00
english:
The old man said hunger is a hard teacher but a true one: the child who has never been hungry does not know the worth of a full belly, so a season of scarcity, hard as it is, teaches the young what no full-bellied lecture ever could, and the old who lived through the great hungers valued every mouthful for the rest of their long lives.

kuku:
Mukulungku dingkarangka balkan: dakwuy milbi-bama dandi yambada yukil: karrkay nyulu kariku dakwuy nyulu murruji binal jiba yajinmu dandi, wungar mayi-karimu, dandi nyulu janay, milbil warru yamba jiba-yajin balkalmu kariku milbilmu, mukul jana dakwuy yalbaymuny janay jana kujin mayi nyubun-nyubun wawu kalbay wubulmuny.

analysis:
mukul-ungku dingkar-angka balka-ny: dakwuy milbi-bama dandi yambada yukil: karrkay nyulu kariku dakwuy nyulu murruji binal jiba yajin-mu dandi, wungar mayi-kari-mu, dandi nyulu jana-y, milbi-l warru yamba jiba-yajin balka-l-mu kariku milbi-l-mu, mukul jana dakwuy yalbay-muny jana-y jana kuji-ny mayi nyubun-nyubun wawu kalbay wubul-muny | old man said: hunger teacher hard but true: child who never hungry he unable knows belly full-POSS worth, season food-less-POSS, hard it is, teaches young thing full-belly lecture never teach-POSS, old they hunger big-ABL lived they valued food each life long all-ABL | ...


frame: hearth
words_used: ["waju", "dayal", "jiba", "mayi", "wawu", "yajin", "dakwuy", "wawu-mini"]
loans_used: []
evidence: baya-ngu LOC(a->? baya-nga) FIX; the-best-cook-feeds-the-spirit-too
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T06:40:57.916963+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:22:22.593599+00:00
english:
The old woman said the best cook feeds more than the belly: a meal cooked with love and served with a glad face nourishes the spirit as much as the body, and a person can go to sleep full of good food yet still hungry in the heart if it was thrown at them coldly, so cook and serve as if the eater were the most welcome person in the world, because at your fire they are.

kuku:
Wulbumanangka balkan: waju-bama yukil bajaku daya wubul-baja jibamuny: mayi wawu-jirraybu wajun miyil-wawu-minibu dayanmu bangkarr yala wawu daya, bama nyulu wuna jiba yajin mayi yukilbu yambada jiba dakwuy nyungunga kaki nyulu kiway-manda jananka yilbanmu, waju daya yala nuka-bama nyulu bama wawu-mini bajaku bubu wubulkungu, nyulu nyungu bayangu yala.

analysis:
wulbuman-angka balka-ny: waju-bama yukil bajaku daya wubul-baja jiba-muny: mayi wawu-jirray-bu waju-ny miyil-wawu-mini-bu daya-ny-mu bangkarr yala wawu daya, bama nyulu wuna jiba yajin mayi yukil-bu yambada jiba dakwuy nyungu-nga kaki nyulu kiway-ma-nda jana-nka yilba-ny-mu, waju daya yala nuka-bama nyulu bama wawu-mini bajaku bubu wubul-ku-ngu, nyulu nyungu baya-ngu yala | old.woman said: cook good best feeds more belly-ABL: food love-INST cooked face-glad-INST served-POSS body like spirit feeds, person he sleeps belly full food good-INST but liver hungry his-LOC if it coldly them-to thrown-POSS, cook serve as eater he person welcome most world all-LOC, he your fire-to as | ...


frame: hearth
words_used: ["nganja", "bubu", "mayi", "binal", "jarral", "jilba", "nyaji-way", "wungar"]
loans_used: []
evidence: bubu-nga LOC(a); wungar-a LOC(r); nyaji-wanka RECIP; taste-is-a-map-of-the-country
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T06:40:57.916963+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T14:30:07.111283+00:00
english:
The old man said taste is a map of the country: a person who knows their food knows the land, for each plant grows only in its own place and season and tells you where you are and what time it is, and a traveller far from home who tastes a familiar food knows a piece of their own country has reached out to meet them in a strange place.

kuku:
Mukulungku dingkarangka balkan: nganja bubumu jina-yukil: bama nyulu nyungu mayi binal nyulu bubu binal, mayi nyubun wubulku nyulu-nyulu bubungu wungara nganga jarra yundunka balkal wanja yundu janay wanya wungar, jilba-bama bayanmuny kala-kalbay nyulu mayi binalbu nganja-kangal nyulu binal nyungu bubu buban nyulu ngundu-mundu nyaji-wa-nka bubu yindungu.

analysis:
mukul-ungku dingkar-angka balka-ny: nganja bubu-mu jina-yukil: bama nyulu nyungu mayi binal nyulu bubu binal, mayi nyubun wubul-ku nyulu-nyulu bubu-ngu wungar-a nganga jarra yundu-nka balka-l wanja yundu jana-y wanya wungar, jilba-bama bayan-muny kala-kalbay nyulu mayi binal-bu nganja-kangal nyulu binal nyungu bubu buban nyulu ngundu-mundu nyaji-wa-nka bubu yindu-ngu | old man said: taste country-POSS map: person who his food knows he country knows, plant each all itself place-LOC season-LOC only grows you-to tells where you are what time, traveller home-from far he food familiar-INST tastes he knows his country piece it near-toward meet.each.other-DAT place other-LOC | ...


frame: hearth
words_used: ["karrkay", "waju", "milbil", "mayi", "ngaral", "maku-janay", "baya", "wawu-jirray"]
loans_used: []
evidence: teaching-to-cook-teaches-every-kindness
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T06:40:57.916963+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The old woman said when you teach a child to cook you are teaching them far more than food: you are teaching them to plan ahead, to be patient, to pay attention, to work with fire and knife without fear or carelessness, and above all to take pleasure in feeding others, and a child who learns to love the feeding of others has learned the beginning of every other kindness there is.

kuku:
Wulbumanangka balkan: yundu karrkay waju milbilnya yundu jananka wubul-baja mayimuny milbil: yundu jananka milbil ngadiku ngaranka, maku-janalka, milka dajinka, baya jikanji kari yinilbu kari binal-karibu kirrajinka, wubul bajaku bama yindu dayalba wawu-mini karrbanka, karrkay nyulu binalman bama yindu dayal wawu-jirrayka nyulu binalman wawu-yukil yindu wubulku ngadiku.

analysis:
wulbuman-angka balka-ny: yundu karrkay waju milbi-l-nya yundu jana-nka wubul-baja mayi-muny milbi-l: yundu jana-nka milbi-l ngadiku ngara-nka, maku-jana-nka, milka daji-nka, baya jikan-ji kari yinil-bu kari binal-kari-bu kirraji-nka, wubul bajaku bama yindu daya-l-ba wawu-mini karrba-nka, karrkay nyulu binal-ma-ny bama yindu daya-l wawu-jirray-ka nyulu binal-ma-ny wawu-yukil yindu wubul-ku ngadiku | old.woman said: you child cook teach-SUB you them more food-ABL teach: you them teach first plan-DAT, wait-DAT, attention give-DAT, fire knife-with NEG fear-INST NEG carelessness-INST work-DAT, most people other feed-LOC joy hold-DAT, child who learned people other feed love-DAT he learned kindness other all first | ...


frame: hearth
words_used: ["baya", "waju", "mukul", "wandil", "jija", "mayi", "bunday", "wulal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: the-fire-outlives-the-cook
status: accepted
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T06:40:57.916963+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-03T06:44:15.452357+00:00
english:
The old man said the fire outlives the cook, and this is the comfort of the old: the fire I light tonight my grandchildren will feed when I am gone, the recipes I cook they will cook, the place at the fire I sit will hold another old one after me, and so a person does not really end but passes their place at the fire to the next, and the fire itself never goes out.

kuku:
Mukulungku dingkarangka balkan: baya waju-bama ngangan-baja janay, yinya mukulmu wawu-mini: baya ngayu nyiku kunarangkal wandiman ngayku jija-jija daya ngayu dunganya, mayi ngayu wajul jana wajul, bubu baya ngunduku ngayu bundal mukul yindu karrbal ngaymuny, yinyabu bama kari nganga dumban yambada nyungu bubu baya ngunduku nyubunku daji, baya nyulu-nyulu kariku wula.

analysis:
mukul-ungku dingkar-angka balka-ny: baya waju-bama nganga-ny-baja jana-y, yinya mukul-mu wawu-mini: baya ngayu nyiku kunarangkal wandi-ma-ny ngayku jija-jija daya ngayu dunga-nya, mayi ngayu waju-l jana waju-l, bubu baya ngundu-ku ngayu bunda-l mukul yindu karrba-l ngay-muny, yinya-bu bama kari nganga dumba-ny yambada nyungu bubu baya ngundu-ku nyubun-ku daji, baya nyulu-nyulu kariku wula | old man said: fire cook outlives, that old-POSS comfort: fire I tonight light my grandchildren feed I gone-SUB, food I cook they cook, place fire near-DAT I sit old other holds me-after, that-INST person NEG really ends but his place fire near-DAT next-DAT gives, fire itself never dies | ...


frame: hearth
words_used: ["dayal", "wawu-jirray", "kuku", "ngamu", "karrkay", "milka-wula", "kaki", "waju"]
loans_used: []
evidence: kaki (showing love); feeding-is-the-oldest-language-of-love
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T06:40:57.916963+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The old woman said feeding people is the oldest love and the plainest, older than any word for love: before a mother can say she loves her child she has already fed it a thousand times, and long after fine words are forgotten the body remembers who fed it when it was small and helpless, so if you would show love and do not have the words, cook, and serve, and that is a language everyone understands.

kuku:
Wulbumanangka balkan: bama dayal wawu-jirray ngadiku bajaku yukil bajaku, kuku wawu-jirraymuny ngadiku: ngamu nyulu balka nyulu nyungu karrkay wawu jirray ngadiku nyulu yabarrka daya wubulku, kuku yukil milka-wulanmuny dumbay-mba bangkarr binalku wanyu nyulu daya nyulu buban junkurr-kari janay-mba, kaki yundu wawu-jirray milbinka yundu kuku murruji, waju, daya, yinya kuku bama wubulku binal.

analysis:
wulbuman-angka balka-ny: bama daya-l wawu-jirray ngadiku bajaku yukil bajaku, kuku wawu-jirray-muny ngadiku: ngamu nyulu balka nyulu nyungu karrkay wawu jirray ngadiku nyulu yabarrka daya wubul-ku, kuku yukil milka-wula-ny-muny dumbay-mba bangkarr binalku wanyu nyulu daya nyulu buban junkurr-kari jana-y-mba, kaki yundu wawu-jirray milbi-nka yundu kuku murruji, waju, daya, yinya kuku bama wubul-ku binal | old.woman said: people feed love oldest best, word love-ABL older: mother she says she her child love before she already feeds many, word fine forgotten-ABL after body remembers who it fed it small helpless was-LOC, if you love show-DAT you word unable, cook, serve, that language people all understand | ...


frame: hearth
words_used: ["kuku", "wandul", "baya", "kujil", "daya", "daji-way", "mukul", "milbil"]
loans_used: []
evidence: daji-way RECIP; the-whole-law-cooked-down-to-its-pure-thing
status: accepted
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T06:40:57.916963+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-03T06:44:15.452357+00:00
english:
The old man said the whole of the law can be cooked down like fat over a slow fire until only the pure thing is left, and the pure thing is this: keep the fire, feed the people, waste nothing, share with the stranger, honor the old, teach the young, and remember the dead by cooking their dishes — do these, and you have done everything, and the fire your grandchildren light will still be warm from yours.

kuku:
Mukulungku dingkarangka balkan: kuku wubulku wandul yala baya buban-buban wajul dukul yamba-yukil nganga karrbal, yamba-yukil yinya: baya kuji, bama daya, yamba nyubun kari kudamundu, bama-yindu daji-way, mukul yukil-bunga, warru milbi, bama wula milkal jana mayi wajulbu — yinya bunga, yundu yamba wubulku bungan, baya nyungu jija-jija wandiman nyungumuny wumbul baja.

analysis:
mukul-ungku dingkar-angka balka-ny: kuku wubul-ku wandul yala baya buban-buban waju-l dukul yamba-yukil nganga karrba-l, yamba-yukil yinya: baya kuji, bama daya, yamba nyubun kari kudamundu, bama-yindu daji-way, mukul yukil-bunga, warru milbi, bama wula milka-l jana mayi waju-l-bu, yinya bunga, yundu yamba wubul-ku bunga-ny, baya nyungu jija-jija wandi-ma-ny nyungu-muny wumbul baja | old man said: law all fat like fire slowly cooks at.last thing-pure only holds, thing-pure this: fire keep, people feed, thing one NEG waste, stranger share, old honor, young teach, dead remember they food cook-INST, that do, you thing all did, fire your grandchildren light yours-from warm too | ...


frame: sequential
words_used: ["muduwaju", "dingkar", "wawubaja", "bunga", "kuyu", "daman", "jarrakulbal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: TEMP1 -da on jarrakulbanda (final); dukurr-bu LOC; sequential chain
status: accepted
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T06:56:23.237670+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-03T07:03:23.041818+00:00
english:
Early in the morning the men went down to the river, built a weir of stones across the shallow channel, drove the fish into it, speared them one by one, and then carried the whole catch back up to the camp.

kuku:
Muduwajungu dingkar-dingkar wawubaja-mundu badan, kulji-makarr bungan bana buban naka-naka, kuyu dukurr-bu yijarrin, nyubun nyubun daman, yalada kuyu wubulku bayan-mundu wangkar jarrakulbanda.

analysis:
muduwaju-ngu dingkar-dingkar wawubaja-mundu bada-ny, kulji-makarr bunga-ny bana buban naka-naka, kuyu dukurr-bu yijarri-ny, nyubun nyubun dama-ny, yala-da kuyu wubul-ku bayan-mundu wangkar jarrakulba-ny-da | dawn-LOC men river-toward went.down, stone-weir made water small across, fish inside drove, one one speared, then fish all camp-toward up carried-TEMP1


frame: sequential
words_used: ["balbi", "kangkur", "jina", "wukurril", "majaji", "kalka", "daman", "mula"]
loans_used: []
evidence: TEMP1 jarrakulbanda; muyar 'wind'; a-hunt-from-track-to-carry-home
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T06:56:23.237670+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T07:17:23.800480+00:00
english:
The hunter followed the wallaby's tracks through the scrub, waited downwind behind a bush until it came close, threw his spear and hit it in the side, followed the blood a little way, found it fallen, and then carried it home on his shoulders.

kuku:
Balbi-bama darrba jina wukurrin makarra dukurr-bu, muyar-mundu jina bawal juku ngundu bundan dukul nyulu ngundu kadanya, kalka yilban janka daman, mula wukurrin buban, nyajin nyulu badanmu, yalada nyulu jibi wangkar jarrakulbanda bayan-mundu.

analysis:
balbi-bama darrba jina wukurri-ny makarra dukurr-bu, muyar-mundu jina bawa-l juku ngundu bunda-ny dukul nyulu ngundu kada-nya, kalka yilba-ny janka dama-ny, mula wukurri-ny buban, nyaji-ny nyulu bada-ny-mu, yala-da nyulu jibi wangkar jarrakulba-ny-da bayan-mundu | hunter wallaby tracks followed scrub inside, downwind foot behind bush near waited at.last it near comes-SUB, spear threw side speared, blood followed little, saw it fallen-POSS, then it shoulder on carried-TEMP1 home-toward


frame: sequential
words_used: ["jalbu", "janyul", "juwal", "jilbay", "bakal", "balji", "buwal", "wumbul"]
loans_used: []
evidence: TEMP1 jilbanda; dukurr-bu LOC; a-yam-gathering-expedition
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T06:56:23.237670+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T07:41:45.447654+00:00
english:
The two women walked out to the sandy ground where the long yams grow, dug all morning with their digging sticks, filled two dilly bags with the biggest yams, covered the holes again, and then walked slowly home in the heat of the middle of the day.

kuku:
Jalbu jambul jukar bubu-mundu jilban wanja juwal kalbay jarray, muduwajungu wubulku jaba baja bakan, balji jambul juwal yalbaybu buwan, bubu-jandu baja kajan, yalada buban-buban bayan-mundu jilbanda wumbul wungar dukurr-bu.

analysis:
jalbu jambul jukar bubu-mundu jilba-ny wanja juwal kalbay jarra-y, muduwaju-ngu wubul-ku jaba baja baka-ny, balji jambul juwal yalbay-bu buwa-ny, bubu-jandu baja kaja-ny, yala-da buban-buban bayan-mundu jilba-ny-da wumbul wungar dukurr-bu | women two sand ground-toward walked where yams long grow, morning all digging.stick(jaba) too dug, dilly.bag two yams big-with filled, holes too closed, then slowly home-toward walked-TEMP1 heat day middle-LOC


frame: sequential
words_used: ["jalun", "bana", "jilbay", "balji", "wurrul", "kulji", "buwal", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
evidence: TEMP1 kadanda; 1st-person; low-tide-shellfishing-before-tide-turns
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T06:56:23.237670+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T10:14:40.074257+00:00
english:
I went down to the sea at low tide, walked out onto the wet reef, filled my bag with the small shellfish clinging to the rocks, watched for the octopus in the pools, caught two, and then came back up the beach before the tide turned and covered the reef again.

kuku:
Ngayu jalun-mundu badan bana bada, jalun-ba duna-mundu jilban, ngayku balji wurrul buban kulji karrbanmunybu buwan, milkul kuyu bana-dukurr-bu nyajin, jambul manin, yalada jalun-ba bana nyunba naka-naka baja ngadiku ngayu bayan-mundu kadanda.

analysis:
ngayu jalun-mundu bada-ny bana bada, jalun-ba duna-mundu jilba-ny, ngayku balji wurrul buban kulji karrba-ny-muny-bu buwa-ny, milkul kuyu bana-dukurr-bu nyaji-ny, jambul mani-ny, yala-da jalun-ba bana nyunba naka-naka baja ngadiku ngayu bayan-mundu kada-ny-da | I sea-toward went.down water low, reef wet-toward walked, my bag shellfish small stone clinging-INST filled, octopus pool-inside watched, two got, then reef water returns across again before I home-toward came-TEMP1


frame: sequential
words_used: ["bubu", "bana", "kadal", "juku", "dakal", "bayan", "baya", "nukal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: TEMP1 wunanda (echoes ex.385); baral-ba LOC(l); making-camp-for-the-night
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T06:56:23.237670+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:46:05.836376+00:00
english:
We came to a good camping place by the creek in the late afternoon, cleared the ground, cut poles and set up a bark shelter, gathered firewood and lit a fire, cooked the fish we had caught on the way, ate well, and then lay down and slept.

kuku:
Ngana bubu ngulkurr bana ngunduku kadan kunarangkal ngadiku, bubu karra, juku dakan bayan-wawun jajirrin, juku-baya bangkan baya wandiman, kuyu ngana baralba maninmu wajun, ngulkurr nukan, yalada wunan-da.

analysis:
ngana bubu ngulkurr bana ngundu-ku kada-ny kunarangkal ngadiku, bubu karra, juku daka-ny bayan-wawun jajirri-ny, juku-baya bangka-ny baya wandi-ma-ny, kuyu ngana baral-ba mani-ny-mu waju-ny, ngulkurr nuka-ny, yala-da wuna-ny-da | we place good creek near-DAT came afternoon, ground cleared, poles cut bark-shelter set.up, firewood gathered fire lit, fish we road-LOC caught-POSS cooked, well ate, then lay.down-TEMP1


frame: sequential
words_used: ["juku", "kalka", "dakal", "ngunjil", "wula", "kulji", "wunba", "janyjil"]
loans_used: []
evidence: TEMP1 (bawan...); wungar-a LOC(r); making-a-spear-step-by-step
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T06:56:23.237670+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:46:46.245393+00:00
english:
The old man cut a straight length of wood for a spear, scraped it smooth with a shell, straightened it over the coals, hardened the point in the fire, bound a stone tip to it with sinew and wax, tested its balance, and then set it aside to be finished the next day.

kuku:
Mukulungku dingkarangka juku murni kalkanka dakan, kunbir-bu jinbal-manin, ngunjil wangkar murni-manin, wula miyil kajan, kulji-murru jila-bu kajan, nyulu murni-nyajin, yalada bawan yindu wungara dumba-mandanka.

analysis:
mukul-ungku dingkar-angka juku murni kalka-nka daka-ny, kunbir-bu jinbal-ma-ni-ny, ngunjil wangkar murni-ma-ni-ny, wula miyil kaja-ny, kulji-murru jila-bu kaja-ny, nyulu murni-nyaji-ny, yala-da bawa-ny yindu wungar-a dumba-ma-nda-nka | old man wood straight spear-for cut, shell-INST smoothed, coals over straightened, fire point hardened, stone-tip wax-INST bound, it balance-checked, then set.aside next day-LOC finish-become-for


frame: sequential
words_used: ["muduwaju", "kuyu", "jina", "nyajil", "kunarangkal", "yijarril", "bina", "jarrakulbal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: TEMP1 jarrakulbanda; nyubun-ba/jambul-ba LOC(n); checking-the-fish-traps
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T06:56:23.237670+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T10:14:40.074257+00:00
english:
At dawn I checked the fish traps I had set the evening before, found three good fish in the first and none in the second, reset both traps, cleaned the fish at the water's edge, wrapped them in leaves, and then carried them home for the morning meal.

kuku:
Muduwajungu ngayu kuyu-jina nyajin ngayu kunarangkal ngadiku yijarrinmu, kuyu ngulkurr kulur nyubunba nyajin nyubun jambulba yamba-kari, jambulku baja yijarrin, kuyu bana-nga karra, birra-nga buwan, yalada bayan-mundu jarrakulbanda mayi muduwajumu.

analysis:
muduwaju-ngu ngayu kuyu-jina nyaji-ny ngayu kunarangkal ngadiku yijarri-ny-mu, kuyu ngulkurr kulur nyubun-ba nyaji-ny nyubun jambul-ba yamba-kari, jambul-ku baja yijarri-ny, kuyu bana-nga karra, birra-nga buwa-ny, yala-da bayan-mundu jarrakulba-ny-da mayi muduwaju-mu | dawn-LOC I fish-traps checked I evening before set-POSS, fish good three one-LOC found other two-LOC nothing, both too reset, fish water-edge-LOC cleaned, leaves-LOC wrapped, then home-toward carried-TEMP1 food morning-POSS


frame: sequential
words_used: ["karrkay", "bana", "warri", "marijiy", "nyubun-nyubun", "kulji", "janka", "jilbay"]
loans_used: []
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T06:56:23.237670+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T14:31:50.780467+00:00
english:
The children ran down to the waterhole in the heat of the day, splashed and swam and chased each other in the cool water, dived for the flat stones on the bottom, dried themselves on the warm sand, and then walked back up to the camp with the little fish they had caught by hand.

kuku:
Karrkay-karrkay bana-mundu warrin wumbul wungar dukurr-bu, bana-kaka marijin nyubun-nyubun warri-wan bana janka, kulji jirakal badanga dakan, jukar wumbulba marral-manda-ji, yalada bayan-mundu wangkar jilbanda kuyu buban jana marabu maninmu.

analysis:
karrkay-karrkay bana-mundu warri-ny wumbul wungar dukurr-bu, bana-kaka mariji-ny nyubun-nyubun warri-wa-ny bana janka, kulji jirakal bada-nga daka-ny, jukar wumbul-ba marral-ma-nda-ji, yala-da bayan-mundu wangkar jilba-ny-da kuyu buban jana mara-bu mani-ny-mu | children water-toward ran heat day middle-LOC, splashing swam each.other chased.each.other water cool, stone flat below-LOC dived, sand warm-LOC dried.themselves, then home-toward up walked-TEMP1 fish small they hand-INST caught-POSS

evidence:
TEMP1 jilbanda; warri-wan RECIP 'chased each other'; wumbul-nga LOC(l)->wumbulba FIX; children-at-the-waterhole


frame: sequential
words_used: ["jalbu", "baya", "wula", "ngunjil", "jarra", "damba", "bajar", "dayal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: TEMP1 dayanda; wumbul-nga->wumbulba FIX; making-damper-start-to-finish
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T06:56:23.237670+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:46:05.836376+00:00
english:
The woman lit a small fire, let it burn down to good coals, mixed the ground seed-flour with water into a firm dough, shaped it into a flat round loaf, raked a clean hollow in the hot ash, laid the damper in and covered it, turned it once, and then lifted it out golden and fed the whole family.

kuku:
Jalbu baya buban wandiman, wula bada dungan ngunjil yukilku, jarra-nyurrban bananji murni-manin jarray-manda, damba jirakal-manda buban-buban, bajar wumbulba birra karra, damba daya wangkar-manin, murni-manin nyubun, yalada wangkar-manin jani jawun-karra wubulku dayanda.

analysis:
jalbu baya buban wandi-ma-ny, wula bada dunga-ny ngunjil yukil-ku, jarra-nyurrba-ny bana-nji murni-ma-ni-ny jarray-ma-nda, damba jirakal-ma-nda buban-buban, bajar wumbul-ba birra karra, damba daya wangkar-ma-ni-ny, murni-ma-ni-ny nyubun, yala-da wangkar-ma-ni-ny jani jawun-karra wubul-ku daya-ny-da | woman fire small lit, flame down went coals good-DAT, ground-flour water-with dough-made firm, damper flat-became carefully, ash hot-LOC bed cleared, damper gave covered, turned once, then lifted well-cooked family all fed-TEMP1


frame: sequential
words_used: ["marrakan", "buwal", "jurrnga", "wawubaja", "ngubar", "balbil", "jilbay", "bayan"]
loans_used: []
evidence: TEMP1 (bungan); ngubar-a LOC(rr,single-r->-a); a-canoe-crossing-and-inland-camp
status: accepted
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T06:56:23.237670+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-03T07:03:23.041818+00:00
english:
We loaded the canoe with our gear at first light, pushed off from the bank, paddled across the wide river against the current, landed on the far side, hid the canoe in the reeds, walked inland to the good hunting country, and then made our camp there for several days.

kuku:
Ngana marrakan ngayku yamba-bu buwan muduwajungu, jalkar-muny jurrnga, wawubaja yalbay naka-naka bana-mundu jarrakulban, ngubara badan, marrakan jikan-ba buyan, bubu balbil ngulkurr-mundu jilban, yalada yinya ngana bayan bungan wungar wubulku.

analysis:
ngana marrakan ngayku yamba-bu buwa-ny muduwaju-ngu, jalkar-muny jurrnga, wawubaja yalbay naka-naka bana-mundu jarrakulba-ny, ngubar-a bada-ny, marrakan jikan-ba buya-ny, bubu balbi-l ngulkurr-mundu jilba-ny, yala-da yinya ngana bayan bunga-ny wungar wubul-ku | we canoe my gear-INST loaded dawn-LOC, bank-ABL pushed, river big across current-toward paddled, other.side went, canoe reeds-LOC hid, country hunting good-toward walked, then there we camp made days many


frame: sequential
words_used: ["karrkay", "bangkal", "milbil", "mayi", "kulbul", "balji", "buwal", "baral"]
loans_used: []
evidence: TEMP1 (jilbaman); baral-ba LOC(l); a-teaching-gathering-trip
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T06:56:23.237670+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The old woman took the children out to gather, showed them which plants were ripe and which to leave, let each child fill their own small bag, checked what they had picked and named everything, praised the careful ones, and then led them all home singing along the track.

kuku:
Wulbumanangka karrkay-karrkay bangkanka wangan, jananka milbin mayi wanyu kulbul wanyu bawanka, karrkay wubulku nyungu balji buban buwan, jana maninmu nyajin yamba wubulku burri balkan, jana binal-yukil ngulkurr-bunga, yalada bayan-mundu jilbaman wubulku balka-balka baralba.

analysis:
wulbuman-angka karrkay-karrkay bangka-nka wanga-ny, jana-nka milbi-ny mayi wanyu kulbul wanyu bawa-nka, karrkay wubul-ku nyungu balji buban buwa-ny, jana mani-ny-mu nyaji-ny yamba wubul-ku burri balka-ny, jana binal-yukil ngulkurr-bunga, yala-da bayan-mundu jilba-ma-ny wubul-ku balka-balka baral-ba | old.woman children gather-DAT took, them showed plants which ripe which leave-DAT, child all his bag small filled, they picked-POSS checked thing all name said, they careful praised, then home-toward led all singing road-LOC


frame: sequential
words_used: ["ngawuya", "jalun", "daman", "janyul", "jarrakulbal", "kurrma", "waju", "daji-way"]
loans_used: []
evidence: TEMP1 daji-wanda RECIP; jalun-warral-ba/bayan-ba LOC; catching-and-sharing-a-turtle
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T06:56:23.237670+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T10:14:40.074257+00:00
english:
The man speared a big turtle out on the reef, dragged it up onto the sand, turned it on its back, carried it to the camp on a bark sheet, dug the earth oven and heated the stones, cooked the turtle whole in the ground, and then shared the rich meat with everyone in the camp that evening.

kuku:
Dingkar ngawuya yalbay jalun-ba daman, jukarmundu wangkar jarrakulban, muku-mundu murni-manin, wawun-birra-nga bayan-mundu jarrakulban, kurrma bakan kulji wumbul-manin, ngawuya wubulku bubungu wajun, yalada minya jiba-wulay bama bayanba wubulku daji-wanda kunarangkal.

analysis:
dingkar ngawuya yalbay jalun-ba dama-ny, jukar-mundu wangkar jarrakulba-ny, muku-mundu murni-ma-ni-ny, wawun-birra-nga bayan-mundu jarrakulba-ny, kurrma baka-ny kulji wumbul-ma-ni-ny, ngawuya wubul-ku bubu-ngu waju-ny, yala-da minya jiba-wulay bama bayan-ba wubul-ku daji-wa-ny-da kunarangkal | man turtle big reef-LOC speared, sand-toward up dragged, back-toward turned, bark-sheet-LOC camp-toward carried, earth.oven dug stones heated, turtle whole ground-LOC cooked, then meat rich people camp-LOC all shared.each.other-TEMP1 evening


frame: sequential
words_used: ["janka", "kulji", "bana", "bunday", "kuyu", "wujurr", "daga", "jarrakulbal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: TEMP1 jarrakulbanda; wangkar-a LOC(r); dukurr-bu LOC; patient-line-fishing-from-the-rock
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T06:56:23.237670+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T13:46:38.818755+00:00
english:
I sat quietly on the rock above the pool with my line ready, watched the shadow of the big fish move below, waited until it came under me, dropped the baited hook right in front of its mouth, felt the strong pull, brought it up onto the rock, and then carried it straight home to my old grandmother.

kuku:
Ngayu janka kulji wangkara bana dukurr-bu bundan ngayku wukurr yukil, kuyu yalbay wujurr bada murninya nyajin, bundan dukul nyulu ngayku badanga kadanya, minya-diburr nyungu ngandal ngadiku bada yijarrin, junkurr janka-manin nganjin, kulji-mundu wangkar-manin, yalada murni ngayku babi mukulnka jarrakulbanda.

analysis:
ngayu janka kulji wangkar-a bana dukurr-bu bunda-ny ngayku wukurr yukil, kuyu yalbay wujurr bada murni-nya nyaji-ny, bunda-ny dukul nyulu ngayku bada-nga kada-nya, minya-diburr nyungu ngandal ngadiku bada yijarri-ny, junkurr janka-ma-ni-ny nganji-ny, kulji-mundu wangkar-ma-ni-ny, yala-da murni ngayku babi mukul-nka jarrakulba-ny-da | I quietly stone above water inside sat my line ready, fish big shadow below moves-SUB watched, waited at.last it my below-LOC comes-SUB, bait-hook its mouth front down dropped, strong pull-INST felt, stone-toward up-brought, then straight my grandmother old-for carried-TEMP1


frame: sequential
words_used: ["warru", "jibul", "baya", "buburr", "yunga", "kalka", "warri", "baral"]
loans_used: []
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T06:56:23.237670+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T13:15:53.365999+00:00
english:
The young men built a big smoke-fire on the sea-point at dusk, sent up two tall columns as the danger signal, watched the far camp answer with one column of their own, packed their weapons, ran through the night along the ridge, reached the neighbour camp by dawn, and then stood the watch together until the trouble passed.

kuku:
Warru-warru kubu-baya yalbay jalun-ngandal-ba bungan kunarangkal, kubu jambul kalbay wangkar yunga dukul-kuku yala, bayan kala-kalbay nyubun kubu nyungubu janjilnya nyajin, nyungu kalka buwan, wujurr baralba warrin, bayan ngundu muduwajungu kadan, yalada nyubun-nyubunji janji dukul-yamba dunganyjiku.

analysis:
warru-warru kubu-baya yalbay jalun-ngandal-ba bunga-ny kunarangkal, kubu jambul kalbay wangkar yunga dukul-kuku yala, bayan kala-kalbay nyubun kubu nyungu-bu kaja-nya nyaji-ny, nyungu kalka buwa-ny, wujurr baral-ba warri-ny, bayan ngundu muduwaju-ngu kada-ny, yala-da nyubun-nyubun-ji karra dukul-yamba dunga-nyjiku | young.men smoke-fire big sea-point-LOC made dusk, smoke two tall up sent danger-word as, camp far one smoke its-with answers-SUB watched, their weapons packed, night road-LOC ran, camp near dawn-LOC came, then each.other-with stood trouble passes-SUCC | ...

evidence:
TEMP1(...); SUCC dunganyjiku 'until it passed'; yunga 'send'; buburr-ba/baral-ba LOC; answering-the-smoke-signal


frame: sequential
words_used: ["jalbu", "ngamu", "balji", "wukurril", "murni", "jinji", "dumbal", "jarrakulbal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: TEMP1 jarrakulbanda; kunarangkal-ba LOC(l); yindu-ngu LOC(u); learning-to-weave-a-bag
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T06:56:23.237670+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:46:05.836376+00:00
english:
The girl watched her mother weave a dilly bag all one morning, copied each movement with her own strips of fibre, made her stitches too loose at first and had to pull them out, tried again more carefully, finished her first small bag by evening, showed it proudly, and then carried her own gathered fruit in it the very next day.

kuku:
Karrkay-jalbu nyungu ngamu balji wukurrinya nyajin muduwajungu nyubunku, mara-daji wubulku nyungu karra-bu murni-manin, nyungu murni jimirr ngadiku kajan bawanka, murni-nyajin buban-buban baja, nyungu balji buban ngadiku dumban kunarangkalba, wawu-minibu milbin, yalada nyungu mayi bangkanmu yinyanga jarrakulbanda wungar yindungu.

analysis:
karrkay-jalbu nyungu ngamu balji wukurri-nya nyaji-ny muduwaju-ngu nyubun-ku, mara-daji wubul-ku nyungu karra-bu murni-ma-ni-ny, nyungu murni jimirr ngadiku kaja-ny bawa-nka, murni-nyaji-ny buban-buban baja, nyungu balji buban ngadiku dumba-ny kunarangkal-ba, wawu-mini-bu milbi-ny, yala-da nyungu mayi bangka-ny-mu yinya-nga jarrakulba-ny-da wungar yindu-ngu | girl her mother bag weaving-SUB watched morning one, movement all her fibre-INST copied, her stitch loose first pulled.out, tried little too, her bag small first finished evening-LOC, proudly showed, then her food gathered-POSS it-LOC carried-TEMP1 day other-LOC


frame: sequential
words_used: ["wunba", "wukurril", "dimbirr", "jibul", "jimal", "dakal", "mandi-mandi", "daji-way"]
loans_used: []
evidence: TEMP1(...) daji-wan RECIP; wungar-a LOC(r); dimbirr-bu LOC; following-the-bee-to-the-honey
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T06:56:23.237670+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T12:30:35.638023+00:00
english:
The men tracked the honey by following a single bee back and forth until it led them to a hollow tree, marked the tree, made a smoky torch to quiet the bees, climbed up and cut into the hollow, took out the dark comb dripping with honey, left some for the nest, and then came down and shared it around, still warm from the sun.

kuku:
Dingkar-dingkar wunba wukurrin minya-buban nyubun walanya wukurrin dukul juku dimbirr-mundu jilbamanin, juku burri-manin, kubu-jimal bungan dandi janka-bungalka, wangkar dakan dimbirr-bu dakan, mandi-mandi wujurr wunba-bu jinbal-manda manin, buban bawan juku-bayanka, yalada bada kadan daji-wan, wumbul wungara baja.

analysis:
dingkar-dingkar wunba wukurri-ny minya-buban nyubun wala-nya wukurri-ny dukul juku dimbirr-mundu jilba-ma-ni-ny, juku burri-ma-ni-ny, kubu-jimal bunga-ny dandi janka-bunga-nka, wangkar daka-ny dimbirr-bu daka-ny, mandi-mandi wujurr wunba-bu buwa-l-manda mani-ny, buban bawa-ny juku-bayan-ka, yala-da bada kada-ny daji-wa-ny, wumbul wungar-a baja | men honey followed bee one in.and.out follows-SUB led at.last tree hollow-toward, tree marked, smoke-torch made bees quiet-make-DAT, up climbed hollow-into cut, honeycomb dark honey-INST dripping took, little left nest-for, then down came shared.each.other, warm sun-LOC too | ...


frame: sequential
words_used: ["bana-wungar", "jawun", "bayan", "kalka", "baya", "ngunjil", "yumal", "jilbay"]
loans_used: []
evidence: TEMP1(...); wangkar-a LOC(r); moving-camp-before-the-wet
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T06:56:23.237670+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:22:22.593599+00:00
english:
Before the wet season came the family began to move to the higher ground: they took down the old shelters, packed the tools and the stored food, put out the fire and carried a coal, walked two days up into the ranges, chose a dry place above the flood line, and then built the wet-season camp that would hold them for months.

kuku:
Bana-wungar ngadiku jawun-karra murni-mandanka wangkar bubu-mundu wandin: bayan mukul bada-manin, kalka mayi-karrban baja buwan, baya wulan ngunjil jarrakulban, jambul wungar yumal-mundu wangkar jilban, bubu kiway-kiway bana-yalbay wangkara nyubun manin, yalada bana-wungar bayan bungan nyulu jana karrbal wungar wubulku.

analysis:
bana-wungar ngadiku jawun-karra murni-ma-nda-nka wangkar bubu-mundu wandi-ny: bayan mukul bada-ma-ni-ny, kalka mayi-karrba-ny baja buwa-ny, baya wula-ny ngunjil jarrakulba-ny, jambul wungar yumal-mundu wangkar jilba-ny, bubu kiway-kiway bana-yalbay wangkar-a nyubun mani-ny, yala-da bana-wungar bayan bunga-ny nyulu jana karrba-l wungar wubul-ku | wet.season before family move-for high country-toward began: shelters old took.down, tools stored-food too packed, fire put.out coal carried, two day ranges-toward up walked, place dry flood above chose, then wet-season camp made it them holds months


frame: sequential
words_used: ["kunya", "ngunjil", "bajar", "baya", "dukurr", "jangkar", "ngamu", "wunay"]
loans_used: []
evidence: TEMP1(...); dukurr-bu LOC; ngamu-nga LOC(a); nightfall-at-the-fireside
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T06:56:23.237670+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T03:50:48.615824+00:00
english:
As night fell the old man raked the coals into a tight heap and banked the fire under ash, the family gathered close in the warm circle, the children begged for a story and he told the old one about the two brothers and the moon, the little ones fell asleep against their mothers, and then one by one the grown ones lay down until only the old man sat watching the coals.

kuku:
Wujurr kadanya mukulungku dingkarangka ngunjil buban-mandaku bangkan bajar bada baya karrban, jawun-karra dukurr-bu wumbul ngunduka bangkan, karrkay-karrkay jangkarnka babajin nyulu ngadiku balkan yaba jambulmu kambimu baja, buban-buban jana ngamungu wunan, yalada nyubun nyubun mukul-warru wunan dukul mukul nyubun bundan ngunjil nyajil.

analysis:
wujurr kada-nya mukul-ungku dingkar-angka ngunjil buban-manda-ku bangka-ny bajar bada baya karrba-ny, jawun-karra dukurr-bu wumbul ngundu-ka bangka-ny, karrkay-karrkay jangkar-nka babaji-ny nyulu ngadiku balka-ny yaba jambul-mu kambi-mu baja, buban-buban jana ngamu-ngu wuna-ny, yala-da nyubun nyubun mukul-warru wuna-ny dukul mukul nyubun bunda-ny ngunjil nyaji-l | night comes-SUB old man coals heap-DAT raked ash under fire banked, family center warm near gathered, children story-for begged he old told brothers two-POSS moon-POSS too, little.ones they mother-LOC slept, then one one grown.ones lay at.last old one sat coals watches | ...


frame: sequential
words_used: ["jarukay", "juku", "bakal", "wukurril", "warri", "junkan", "kunil", "daji-way"]
loans_used: []
evidence: TEMP1(...) daji-wan RECIP; bada-nga LOC(a); ngulkurr-bu LOC(rr,u); digging-out-a-goanna-together
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T06:56:23.237670+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-03T07:21:02.100773+00:00
english:
The two men found the goanna's burrow at the base of the tree, one dug down carefully following the tunnel while the other watched the back exit, the goanna bolted out the hidden hole, they chased it, the first man caught it by the tail, they killed it quickly and cleanly, and then divided it fairly and carried the halves to two hungry families.

kuku:
Dingkar jambul jadi-bubu juku badanga nyajin, nyubun buban-buban bakan juku-bubu wukurrin yindu dumbay-jina nyajil, jadi dumbay-bubu warrin wandin, jana wukurrin, dingkar ngadiku junkan-bu manin, jana warri ngulkurr-bu kunin, yalada yukil buban-manin daji-wan jawun-karra jambul dakwuynka.

analysis:
dingkar jambul jadi-y-bubu juku bada-nga nyaji-ny, nyubun buban-buban baka-ny juku-bubu wukurri-ny yindu dumbay-jina nyaji-l, jadi dumbay-bubu warri-ny wandi-ny, jana wukurri-ny, dingkar ngadiku junkan-bu mani-ny, jana warri ngulkurr-bu kuni-ny, yala-da yukil buban-ma-ni-ny daji-wa-ny jawun-karra jambul dakwuy-nka | men two goanna-burrow tree base-LOC found, one carefully dug burrow followed other back-exit watches, goanna back-hole ran rose, they chased, man first tail-INST caught, they fast well killed, then fairly halved shared.each.other families two hungry-for | ...


frame: sequential
words_used: ["wandil", "bana", "julurril", "kubu", "wawubaja", "jujubala", "bunday", "baya"]
loans_used: []
evidence: TEMP1(...); 1st-person; a-quiet-morning-by-the-water
status: accepted
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T06:56:23.237670+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-03T07:03:23.041818+00:00
english:
I woke before the others, slipped down to the still morning water, washed the sleep from my face, watched the mist lift off the river and the first birds come down to drink, sat a while in the quiet with no thought at all, and then climbed back up to the camp just as the smoke of the cooking fires began to rise.

kuku:
Ngayu wandin bama yindu ngadiku, bana janka muduwajumu badan, ngayku ngala warngku bananji julurrin, kubu wawubajamuny wandinya jujubala ngadiku bada kadan janganka nyajin, janka bundan kalbay kari milka nyubun, yalada bayan-mundu wangkar dakan baya-waju kubu wandin ngadiku.

analysis:
ngayu wandi-ny bama yindu ngadiku, bana janka muduwaju-mu bada-ny, ngayku ngala warngku bana-nji julurri-ny, kubu wawubaja-muny wandi-nya jujubala ngadiku bada kada-ny janga-nka nyaji-ny, janka bunda-ny kalbay kari milka nyubun, yala-da bayan-mundu wangkar daka-ny baya-waju kubu wandi-ny ngadiku | I woke people other before, water still morning-POSS went.down, my face sleep water-with washed, mist river-ABL rises-SUB birds first down came drink-for watched, quietly sat long NEG thought one, then home-toward up climbed cooking-fire smoke rose just | ...


frame: sequential
words_used: ["juwal", "ngambuy", "bakal", "balji", "dukurr", "kulji", "dindal", "dakwuy"]
loans_used: []
evidence: TEMP1(...); dukurr-bu/kulji-nga LOC; leaching-and-storing-the-bitter-yam
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T06:56:23.237670+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T03:50:48.615824+00:00
english:
The women dug up the poisonous yams that keep well, sliced them thin, wove a loose basket, packed the slices in it, sank the basket in the running creek and weighted it with a stone, left it a day and a night for the water to carry the poison away, lifted it out and tasted a piece, roasted the rest, and then stored the safe food for the lean season.

kuku:
Jalbu juwal ngambuy nyulu ngulkurr karrbal bakan, buban-buban dakan, balji jimirr wukurrin, buban-buban dukurr-bu buwan, balji bana warri kuljinga bundan kulji-bu wangkar-manin, wungar wujurr baja bawan bana ngambuy kala-kalbay jarrakulbanka, wangkar-manin nyubun nganja-kangal, yindu wubulku dindan, yalada mayi yukil karrban dakwuy wungarka.

analysis:
jalbu juwal ngambuy nyulu ngulkurr karrba-l baka-ny, buban-buban daka-ny, balji jimirr wukurri-ny, buban-buban dukurr-bu buwa-ny, balji bana warri kulji-nga bunda-ny kulji-bu wangkar-ma-ni-ny, wungar wujurr baja bawa-ny bana ngambuy kala-kalbay jarrakulba-nka, wangkar-ma-ni-ny nyubun nganja-kangal, yindu wubul-ku dinda-ny, yala-da mayi yukil karrba-ny dakwuy wungar-ka | women yam bitter which well keeps dug, thinly sliced, basket loose wove, slices inside packed, basket water running creek-LOC sank stone-INST weighted, day night too left water poison far.away carry-PURP, lifted one tasted, rest all roasted, then food safe stored hunger season-for | ...


frame: sequential
words_used: ["buban", "kuyu", "jina", "nyajil", "dukurr", "yijarril", "nganjan", "jarrakulbal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: TEMP1 jarrakulbanda; bana-nga LOC(a); dukurr-bu LOC; the-boy's-first-solo-catch
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T06:56:23.237670+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The boy set out alone for the first time to check his own small fish trap, walked the creek carefully reading the tracks, found the trap sprung and a fish inside, took it out proudly, reset the trap the way his father had shown him, cleaned the fish at the water, and then carried his very first solo catch home to be cooked for everyone.

kuku:
Buban nyulu-nyulu ngadiku badan nyungu kuyu-jina buban nyajinka, bana buban-buban jilban jina nyajil, kuyu-jina kajanmanda kuyu dukurr-bu nyajin, wawu-minibu wangkar-manin, kuyu-jina yijarrin nyungu nganjan yala nyulu milbinmu, kuyu bananga karra, yalada nyungu kuyu ngadiku nyulu-nyulu maninmu bayan-mundu jarrakulbanda wubulkunka wajunka.

analysis:
buban nyulu-nyulu ngadiku bada-ny nyungu kuyu-jina buban nyaji-nka, bana buban-buban jilba-ny jina nyaji-l, kuyu-jina kaja-n-da kuyu dukurr-bu nyaji-ny, wawu-mini-bu wangkar-ma-ni-ny, kuyu-jina yijarri-ny nyungu nganjan yala nyulu milbi-ny-mu, kuyu bana-nga karra, yala-da nyungu kuyu ngadiku nyulu-nyulu mani-ny-mu bayan-mundu jarrakulba-ny-da wubul-ku-nka waju-nka | boy himself first went his fish-trap small check-DAT, creek carefully walked tracks reads, fish-trap sprung fish inside found, proudly up-took, fish-trap reset his father as he showed-POSS, fish water-LOC cleaned, then his fish first himself caught-POSS home-toward carried-TEMP1 all-for cook-for | ...


frame: sequential
words_used: ["jikan", "naka-naka", "jilbay", "kangkur", "daman", "dukurr", "minya", "balbil"]
loans_used: []
evidence: TEMP1(...); dukurr-bu LOC; a-cooperative-wallaby-drive
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T06:56:23.237670+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:46:05.836376+00:00
english:
We spread out across the grassland in a wide line at first light, walked slowly toward the swamp beating the grass, drove the wallabies ahead of us toward the waiting spearmen, closed the line as the ground narrowed, took four wallabies between us, gutted and cleaned them at the water, and then walked home together carrying the meat and talking of the hunt.

kuku:
Ngana jikan-bubu naka-naka kanbal muduwajungu, bana-yaral-mundu buban-buban jilban jikan kunin, darrba ngana ngadiku daman-bama-mundu wandiman, kanbal karra bubu buban-mandanya, darrba jambul-jambul ngana dukurr-bu manin, bana ngundu karra jubulin, yalada nyubun-nyubunji bayan-mundu jilban minya jarrakulbal balka-balka balbilmu.

analysis:
ngana jikan-bubu naka-naka kanbal muduwaju-ngu, bana-yaral-mundu buban-buban jilba-ny jikan kuni-ny, darrba ngana ngadiku dama-ny-bama-mundu wandi-ma-ny, kanbal karra bubu buban-ma-nda-nya, darrba jambul-jambul ngana dukurr-bu mani-ny, bana ngundu karra jubuli-ny, yala-da nyubun-nyubun-ji bayan-mundu jilba-ny minya jarrakulba-l balka-balka balbi-l-mu | we grassland across spread.line dawn-LOC, swamp-toward slowly walked grass beat, wallabies us ahead spearmen-toward drove, line closed ground narrows-SUB, wallabies four us between took, water near cleaned gutted, then each.other-with home-toward walked meat carrying talking hunt-POSS | ...


frame: sequential
words_used: ["juku", "junkurr", "dakal", "kulji", "ngunjil", "wumbul", "wandul", "dayal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: TEMP1 dayan; making-a-throwing-stick
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T06:56:23.237670+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The old man showed the boy how to make a good throwing-stick: he chose a curved branch of hard wood, cut it and stripped the bark, worked it down with a stone scraper to the right thickness, warmed it over the coals and bent the curve true, rubbed it with fat until it shone, tested the throw, and then gave it to the boy as his very first proper weapon.

kuku:
Mukulungku dingkarangka buban milbin yala kali yukil bunganka: nyulu juku-murru junkurr manin, dakan wawun kudamundu, kulji-kunbir-bu murni-manin dandi yukilku, ngunjil wangkar wumbul-manin murru murni kajan, wandul-bu murni-manin dukul yukil, yilbal murni-nyajin, yalada buban dayan nyungu kalka ngadiku yukilku.

analysis:
mukul-ungku dingkar-angka buban milbi-ny yala kali yukil bunga-nka: nyulu juku-murru junkurr mani-ny, daka-ny wawun kudamundu, kulji-kunbir-bu murni-ma-ni-ny dandi yukil-ku, ngunjil wangkar wumbul-ma-ni-ny murru murni kaja-ny, wandul-bu murni-ma-ni-ny dukul yukil, yilba-l murni-nyaji-ny, yala-da buban daya-ny nyungu kalka ngadiku yukil-ku | old man boy showed how throwing.stick good make-DAT: he branch round hard took, cut bark off, stone-scraper-INST worked thickness right-DAT, coals over warmed round bent true, fat-INST worked at.last good, throw tested, then boy gave his weapon first proper-DAT


frame: sequential
words_used: ["kambi", "juku", "bana", "bakal", "jarrakulbal", "dakal", "dukurr", "ngawa"]
loans_used: []
evidence: TEMP1(wunaman); dukurr-bu LOC; making-a-baby-carrier
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T06:56:23.237670+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The girl and her grandmother went to the paperbark swamp, stripped long clean sheets of the soft bark, rolled them carefully, carried them home, cut them to size for a baby-carrier, sewed the edges with fibre, lined it with the softest inner bark, and then laid the new baby in it for the first time while the whole family watched and smiled.

kuku:
Karrkay-jalbu nyungu babi kambi-juku bana-yaralmundu jilban, kambi jinbal kalbay ngulkurr bakan, buban-buban murnin, bayan-mundu jarrakulban, ngawa-jarrakay bunganka dakan, karra-bu miyil kajan, kambi dukurr jinbal bajaku birra-manin, yalada ngawa jirakal dukurr-bu wunaman ngadiku jawun-karra wubulku nyajil yajarrilnya.

analysis:
karrkay-jalbu nyungu babi kambi-juku bana-yaral-mundu jilba-ny, kambi jinbal kalbay ngulkurr baka-ny, buban-buban murni-ny, bayan-mundu jarrakulba-ny, ngawa-jarrakay bunga-nka daka-ny, karra-bu miyil kaja-ny, kambi dukurr jinbal bajaku bina-ma-ni-ny, yala-da ngawa jirakal dukurr-bu wuna-ma-ny ngadiku jawun-karra wubul-ku nyaji-l yajarri-l-nya | girl her grandmother paperbark swamp-toward walked, bark soft long good stripped, carefully rolled, home carried, baby-carrier make-DAT cut, fibre-INST edge sewed, bark inner soft most lined, then baby new inside laid first family all watching smiling-SUB | ...


frame: sequential
words_used: ["makarr", "murni", "bawal", "miyil", "dakal", "jaji", "wukurril", "yilbal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: TEMP1(walngkan...); dukurr-bu/junkurr-bu LOC; mending-the-net-on-a-wet-day
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T06:56:23.237670+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:22:22.593599+00:00
english:
The man mended his fishing net all through the wet afternoon: he spread it out and found the holes, cut away the rotten sections, twisted new cord from the fibre, wove the cord back through row by row, tested each mend with a strong pull, rolled the net up dry, and then hung it under the shelter ready for the first clear morning.

kuku:
Dingkar nyungu makarr murni-manin bana wungar dukurr-bu: nyulu naka-naka bawan miyil nyajin, kilba-manda dakan kudamundu, karra jirakal murni-manin, karra nganja-mundu wukurrin nyubun nyubun, murni wubulku junkurr-bu yilbal, makarr yaru murnin, yalada bayan-wawun bada walngkan-manin muduwaju jirakal ngadikunka.

analysis:
dingkar nyungu makarr murni-ma-ni-ny bana wungar dukurr-bu: nyulu naka-naka bawa-ny miyil nyaji-ny, kilba-ma-nda daka-ny kudamundu, karra jirakal murni-ma-ni-ny, karra nganja-mundu wukurri-ny nyubun nyubun, murni wubul-ku junkurr-bu yilba-l, makarr yaru murni-ny, yala-da bayan-wawun bada walngka-ny-ma-ni-ny muduwaju jirakal ngadiku-nka | man his net mended rain day inside: he spread.out holes found, rotten cut off, cord new twisted, cord row-toward wove one one, mend all strong-INST test, net dry rolled, then shelter under hung dawn clear first-for | ...


frame: sequential
words_used: ["kija", "jalun", "bama", "makarr", "dukurr", "kuyu", "kubu", "yumal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: TEMP1 jarrakulbanda; ngadiku-nga LOC(a); dukurr-bu LOC; the-coastal-fishing-season
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T06:56:23.237670+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T10:14:40.074257+00:00
english:
At the first sign of the cold season the family moved down to the coast: they gathered at the old shore camp, the men set the big nets in the channel and the women worked the reef, they smoked and dried the great catch for days, packed the dried fish into bark bundles, and then carried the winter food back up to the ranges before the first frost came.

kuku:
kiway-kiway wungar ngadikungu jawun-karra jalun-mundu badan: bama jalun-bayan mukulba bangkan, dingkar makarr yalbay bana-dukurr-bu yijarrin jalbu jalun-ba kirrajin, kuyu yalbay kubu-manin kiway-manin wungar wubulku, kuyu kiway-kiway kambi-bundu-bu buwan, yalada kiway-mayi yumal-mundu wangkar jarrakulbanda jina-kiway ngadiku kadanya.

analysis:
kiway-kiway wungar ngadiku-ngu jawun-karra jalun-mundu bada-ny: bama jalun-bayan mukul-ba bangka-ny, dingkar makarr yalbay bana-dukurr-bu yijarri-ny jalbu jalun-ba kirraji-ny, kuyu yalbay kubu-ma-ni-ny kiway-ma-ni-ny wungar wubul-ku, kuyu kiway-kiway kambi-bundu-bu buwa-ny, yala-da kiway-mayi yumal-mundu wangkar jarrakulba-ny-da jina-kiway ngadiku kada-nya | cold season first-LOC family coast-toward went.down: people shore-camp old-LOC gathered, men net big channel-inside set women reef worked, fish big smoked dried days all, fish dry bark-bundle-INST packed, then cold-food ranges-toward up carried-TEMP1 frost first comes-SUB | ...


frame: sequential
words_used: ["kalbal", "karrkay", "wumbul", "buyun", "bina", "kulji", "jiba", "kunya"]
loans_used: []
evidence: TEMP1(bundan...); jambul-ba LOC(l); preparing-fever-medicine-and-sitting-up-all-night
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T06:56:23.237670+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T03:50:48.615824+00:00
english:
The old woman prepared the medicine for the child's fever: she went out at dawn and gathered the right leaves while the dew was still on them, crushed them between two stones, warmed the pulp gently by the fire, laid it on the child's hot forehead and chest, sang the quiet healing over it, and then sat by the child all night until the fever broke near morning.

kuku:
Wulbumanangka kalbal karrkaynka wumbul-buyunka bungan: nyulu muduwajungu badan birra yukil bangkan jangkarr jananga janay-mba, kulji jambulba dudan, wula ngunduku buban-buban wumbul-manin, karrkay nyungu ngunju wumbul jiba baja daya, kuku-yukil janka nyunga balkan, yalada karrkay ngundu bundan wujurr wubulku dukul wumbul-buyun kakan muduwaju ngundu.

analysis:
wulbuman-angka kalbal karrkay-nka wumbul-buyun-ka bunga-ny: nyulu muduwaju-ngu bada-ny birra yukil bangka-ny jangkarr jana-nga jana-y-mba, kulji jambul-ba duda-ny, wula ngundu-ku buban-buban wumbul-ma-ni-ny, karrkay nyungu ngunju wumbul jiba baja daya, kuku-yukil janka nyunga balka-ny, yala-da karrkay ngundu bunda-ny wujurr wubul-ku dukul wumbul-buyun kaka-ny muduwaju ngundu | old.woman medicine child-for fever-for made: she dawn went leaves right gathered dew them-on was-LOC, stones two-LOC crushed, fire near-DAT gently warmed, child his forehead hot chest too gave, healing quietly over.it sang, then child near sat night all at.last fever broke dawn near | ...


frame: sequential
words_used: ["warru", "juku", "dakal", "kulbul", "yilbal", "balji", "nyurrbal", "dindal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: TEMP1 dayan; yilba-wan RECIP 'raced each other'; bada-nga LOC(a); harvesting-and-grinding-nuts
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T06:56:23.237670+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T07:17:23.800480+00:00
english:
The young men raced to be first up the tall nut tree: one reached the lowest branch first, climbed steadily to the top, knocked down the ripe cones to the ones waiting below, they gathered them into bags, carried them to the grinding stones, roasted and pounded them into meal, and then made a great feast that fed the whole camp that night.

kuku:
Warru-warru yilba-wan juku-mayi kalbay wangkar-mundu ngadiku: nyubun juku-mara badanga ngadiku kadan, wangkar-mundu murni dakan, mayi-kulbul bada yilban bama jana bada bundanmu, jana balji-bu bangkan, kulji-nyurrba-mundu jarrakulban, dindan nyurrban mayi-manda, yalada nukal-yalbay bungan bayan wubulku dayan yinya wujurr.

analysis:
warru-warru yilba-wa-ny juku-mayi kalbay wangkar-mundu ngadiku: nyubun juku-mara bada-nga ngadiku kada-ny, wangkar-mundu murni daka-ny, mayi-kulbul bada yilba-ny bama jana bada bunda-ny-mu, jana balji-bu bangka-ny, kulji-nyurrba-mundu jarrakulba-ny, dinda-ny nyurrba-ny mayi-manda, yala-da nuka-l-yalbay bunga-ny bayan wubul-ku daya-ny yinya wujurr | young.men raced.each.other nut.tree tall up-toward first: one branch base-LOC first came, up-toward steady climbed, ripe.nuts down knocked people who below waited-POSS, they bag-INST gathered, grinding.stones-toward carried, roasted pounded meal-became, then feast made camp all fed that night | ...


frame: sequential
words_used: ["jina", "jirakal", "janyul", "wukurril", "jaruka", "warri", "kunil", "jarrakulbal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: TEMP1 jarrakulbanda; janyul-warral-ba LOC(l); ngulkurr-bu LOC; a-dawn-goanna-hunt
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T06:56:23.237670+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
I followed the fresh tracks along the sandbank at dawn, saw where the big goanna had gone into the driftwood pile, circled quietly to cut off its escape, flushed it out into the open, ran it down before it reached the next cover, killed it cleanly, and then gutted it at the water and carried it home for my family's morning meal.

kuku:
Ngayu jina jirakal jukar-a wukurrin muduwajungu, nyajin wanja jadi yalbay juku-bundu-mundu dunganmu, janka murni jilban nyungu dumbay-jina kajanka, yaral-mundu wandiman, warrin nyulu juku yindu-mundu kadanya ngadiku, ngulkurr-bu kunin, yalada bana ngundu jubulin bayan-mundu jarrakulbanda jawun-karramu mayi muduwajumu.

analysis:
ngayu jina jirakal jukar-a wukurri-ny muduwaju-ngu, nyaji-ny wanja jadi yalbay juku-bundu-mundu dunga-ny-mu, janka murni jilba-ny nyungu dumbay-jina kaja-nka, yaral-mundu wandi-ma-ny, warri-ny nyulu juku yindu-mundu kada-nya ngadiku, ngulkurr-bu kuni-ny, yala-da bana ngundu jubuli-ny bayan-mundu jarrakulba-ny-da jawun-karra-mu mayi muduwaju-mu | I tracks fresh sandbank-LOC followed dawn-LOC, saw where goanna big driftwood-toward went-POSS, quietly circled walked its escape cut.off-DAT, open-toward flushed, ran it wood other-toward reaches-SUB before, cleanly killed, then water near gutted home-toward carried-TEMP1 family-POSS food morning-POSS | ...


frame: sequential
words_used: ["jalbu", "jiwuny", "bana", "bangkal", "wungar", "kunarangkal", "baya", "dayal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: TEMP1 dayanda; wungar-a LOC(r); warral-ba LOC(l); weaving-sleeping-mats
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T06:56:23.237670+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T10:15:26.530963+00:00
english:
The women gathered the reeds at the lagoon, split them and laid them out to dry in the sun for two days, soaked them again to make them supple, wove them into sleeping mats over several evenings by the fire, trimmed the edges neatly, rolled the finished mats, and then gave one to each family that had a new baby coming.

kuku:
Jalbu jikan bana-yalbay-mba bangkan, kakan wungara wunanka jambul wungar bawan, bana baja wunan jinbal-mandanka, kunarangkal wubulku baya ngunduku wuna-mundu wukurrin, miyil ngulkurr dakan, wuna dumban murnin, yalada jawun-karra wubulku ngawa jirakal kadalmu nyubun nyubun dayanda.

analysis:
jalbu jikan bana-yalbay-mba bangka-ny, kaka-ny wungar-a wuna-nka jambul wungar bawa-ny, bana baja wuna-ny jinbal-ma-nda-nka, kunarangkal wubul-ku baya ngundu-ku wuna-mundu wukurri-ny, miyil ngulkurr daka-ny, wuna dumba-ny murni-ny, yala-da jawun-karra wubul-ku ngawa jirakal kada-l-mu nyubun nyubun daya-ny-da | women reeds lagoon edge-LOC gathered, split sun-LOC dry-for two day left, water again soaked supple-become-for, evenings all fire near-DAT mat-toward wove, edge neatly cut, mat finished rolled, then families all baby new coming-POSS one one gave-TEMP1 | ...


frame: sequential
words_used: ["buban", "kuyu", "daman", "kulji", "binal", "kalkal", "bana", "yajarril"]
loans_used: []
evidence: TEMP1(yajarrin); junkurr-bu 'loudly' INST? kuyu-spearing-learned-by-trying
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T06:56:23.237670+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The boy watched the old man fish with a spear from the rocks, then tried it himself: he stood too noisily and the fish scattered, he learned to freeze and wait, he misjudged the water's bending of the light and missed three times, the old man showed him to aim low, he speared his first fish on the fourth try, and then grinned so wide that the old man laughed out loud.

kuku:
Buban mukulungku dingkar kalkabu kuyu daman kuljimuny nyajin, yalada nyulu-nyulu murni-nyajin: nyulu kaya-kayabu janan kuyu kala-kalbay warrin, nyulu binalman karra bundanka, nyulu bana miyil murninya kari binal kulur bawan, mukulungku dingkarangka milbin bada damanka, nyulu kuyu ngadiku jambul-jambul yilba-manin daman, yalada yajarrin yalbay-baja mukul yajarrin junkurr-bu.

analysis:
buban mukul-ungku dingkar kalka-bu kuyu dama-ny kulji-muny nyaji-ny, yala-da nyulu-nyulu murni-nyaji-ny: nyulu kaya-kaya-bu jana-ny kuyu kala-kalbay warri-ny, nyulu binal-ma-ny karra bunda-nka, nyulu bana miyil murni-nya kari binal kulur bawa-ny, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka milbi-ny bada dama-nka, nyulu kuyu ngadiku jambul-jambul yilba-ma-ni-ny dama-ny, yala-da yajarri-ny yalbay-baja mukul yajarri-ny junkurr-bu | boy old man spear-INST fish speared rock-ABL watched, then himself tried: he noisily stood fish scattered ran, he learned still wait-for, he water light bends-SUB NEG knew three missed, old man showed low aim-DAT, he fish first fourth tried speared, then grinned wide old laughed loud-INST | ...


frame: sequential
words_used: ["bangkarr", "balbil", "minya", "kubu", "jalbu", "nyurrbal", "bayan", "yunga"]
loans_used: []
evidence: TEMP1(...); yunga 'send'; preparing-for-a-big-gathering
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T06:56:23.237670+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:46:05.836376+00:00
english:
We prepared for the big gathering for many days: we hunted and smoked extra meat, the women ground great quantities of seed-meal, we cleared and levelled the meeting ground, we built extra shelters for the visitors, we sent the messengers out to the far camps, we lit the welcoming fires as they arrived, and then we feasted and danced and told the old stories for three whole nights.

kuku:
Ngana bangkarr-yalbaynka murni-manda wungar wubulku: ngana balbin minya kubu-manin baja, jalbu jarra-mayi wubulku nyurrban, ngana bubu-bangkarr karra yaral-manin, ngana bayan yindu bama-yindunka bungan, ngana kuku-jarrakay bayan kala-kalbay-mundu yunga, ngana yulmbarril-baya wandiman jana kadanya, yalada ngana nukan janjin jangkar ngadiku balkan kulur wujurr wubulku.

analysis:
ngana bangkarr-yalbay-nka murni-ma-nda wungar wubul-ku: ngana balbi-ny minya kubu-ma-ni-ny baja, jalbu jarra-mayi wubul-ku nyurrba-ny, ngana bubu-bangkarr karra yaral-ma-ni-ny, ngana bayan yindu bama-yindu-nka bunga-ny, ngana kuku-jarrakay bayan kala-kalbay-mundu yunga, ngana yulmbarril-baya wandi-ma-ny jana kada-nya, yala-da ngana nuka-ny kaja-ny jangkar ngadiku balka-ny kulur wujurr wubul-ku | we gathering-big-for prepared days many: we hunted meat smoked too, women seed-meal much ground, we meeting.ground cleared levelled, we shelters extra visitors-for made, we messengers camps far-toward sent, we welcome-fires lit they come-SUB, then we feasted danced stories old told three night all | ...


frame: sequential
words_used: ["jija", "bubu", "jina", "jilbay", "jangkar", "kulji", "nyaji-way", "nyunbay"]
loans_used: []
evidence: TEMP1(...); nyaji-wan RECIP; kulji-nga/milka-nga LOC(a); walking-the-boundary-with-the-grandson
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T06:56:23.237670+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T10:14:40.074257+00:00
english:
The old man took the grandson to learn the boundary of the country: they walked the whole boundary over four days, stopped at each named place, he told the story that fixed the boundary there, they refreshed the old marks on the rocks and trees, they met the neighbours at the shared corners and greeted them, they camped at the water each night, and then returned home with the boy now carrying the map in his memory.

kuku:
Mukulungku dingkarangka jija bubu-jina binalka wangan: jana bubu-kunbayn wubulku jilban jambul-jambul wungar, kanban bubu burri-ji wubulku, nyulu jangkar balkan nyulu bubu-jina yinya kajanmu, jana burri mukul kuljinga jukungu jirakal-manin, jana ngundu-bama nyaji-wan bubu-dukurr daji-way-mba yulmbarril, jana bana ngunduku wunan wujurr wubulku, yalada bayan-mundu nyunban buban nyiku bubu-jina milkanga jarrakulban.

analysis:
mukul-ungku dingkar-angka jija bubu-jina binal-ka wanga-ny: jana bubu-kunbayn wubul-ku jilba-ny jambul-jambul wungar, kanba-ny bubu burri-ji wubul-ku, nyulu jangkar balka-ny nyulu bubu-jina yinya kaja-ny-mu, jana burri mukul kulji-nga juku-ngu jirakal-ma-ni-ny, jana ngundu-bama nyaji-wa-ny bubu-dukurr daji-way-mba yulmbarril, jana bana ngundu-ku wuna-ny wujurr wubul-ku, yala-da bayan-mundu nyunba-ny buban nyiku bubu-jina milka-nga jarrakulba-ny | old man grandson boundary learn-DAT took: they edge all walked four days, stopped place named all, he story told he boundary that fixed-POSS, they marks old stone-LOC tree-LOC refreshed, they neighbours met.each.other shared-corner share-LOC greeted, they water near slept night all, then home-toward returned boy now boundary memory-LOC carried | ...


frame: sequential
words_used: ["jawun", "daji-way", "nyaji-way", "jalun", "kuyu", "kulji", "wunba", "bawal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: TEMP1(...); nyaji-wan/daji-wan/bawa-wan RECIP; the-annual-trade-meeting
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T06:56:23.237670+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The two families met at the trading ground as they did each year: they laid out their goods facing each other, the coast people showed shells and dried fish and the inland people stone and ochre and honey, they bargained slowly and fairly all afternoon, they exchanged until both sides were satisfied, they shared a big meal to seal the trade, and then they camped together one night and parted as friends at dawn.

kuku:
Jawun-karra jambul daji-way-bubu nyaji-wan yala jana wungar wubulku: jana nyungu yamba nyubun-nyubun yaral daya, jalun-bama kuyu-kiway jindi baja milbin bubu-bama kulji murbuy wunba baja, jana buban-buban ngulkurr-bu daji-way kunarangkal wubulku, jana daji-wan jambulku wawu-mini-manyjiku, jana mayi yalbay daji-way daji-way kajanka, yalada jana nyubunji wunan nyubun wujurr jawun yala bawa-wan muduwajungu.

analysis:
jawun-karra jambul daji-way-bubu nyaji-wa-ny yala jana wungar wubul-ku: jana nyungu yamba nyubun-nyubun yaral daya, jalun-bama kuyu-kiway jindi baja milbi-ny bubu-bama kulji murbuy wunba baja, jana buban-buban ngulkurr-bu daji-way kunarangkal wubul-ku, jana daji-wa-ny jambul-ku wawu-mini-ma-nyjiku, jana mayi yalbay daji-way daji-way kaja-nka, yala-da jana nyubun-ji wuna-ny nyubun wujurr jawun yala bawa-wa-ny muduwaju-ngu | families two trade-ground met.each.other as they year all: they their goods each.other faced laid, coast-people fish-dry shells too showed inland-people stone ochre honey too, they slowly fairly traded afternoon all, they exchanged both satisfied-SUCC, they meal big shared trade seal-DAT, then they together slept one night friends as parted.each.other dawn-LOC | ...


frame: sequential
words_used: ["jaji", "binal", "bana", "bakal", "jinji", "junkurr", "dumbal", "milbil"]
loans_used: []
evidence: TEMP1(milbin); dukurr-bu LOC; jaruka-y-nga LOC(a); learning-to-make-cord
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T06:56:23.237670+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The boy learned to make cord the whole rainy afternoon: he stripped the long fibres from the inner bark, chewed the ends soft, split them into even threads, rolled two threads together against his thigh into a tight cord, joined new fibre in as each length ran out, wound the finished cord into a ball, and then proudly showed the old man three whole arm-lengths of good strong string.

kuku:
Buban karra bunganka binalman bana wungar dukurr-bu: nyulu karra kalbay kambi-dukurrmuny bakan, dumbay jinbal nunkan, kakan karra nyubun-nyubun yala, karra jambul nyungu jadinga murni-manin junkurr-bu, karra jirakal karra nyubun dumbay dunganya, karra dumban buban-bunga murnin, yalada wawu-minibu mukul milbin mara-jina kulur karra junkurr yukil.

analysis:
buban karra bunga-nka binal-ma-ny bana wungar dukurr-bu: nyulu karra kalbay kambi-dukurr-muny baka-ny, dumbay jinbal nunka-ny, kaka-ny karra nyubun-nyubun yala, karra jambul nyungu jadi-y-mba murni-ma-ni-ny junkurr-bu, karra jirakal karra nyubun dumbay dunga-nya, karra dumba-ny buban-bunga murni-ny, yala-da wawu-mini-bu mukul milbi-ny mara-jina kulur karra junkurr yukil | boy cord make-DAT learned rain day inside: he fibre long inner.bark-ABL stripped, ends soft chewed, split cord even like, threads two his thigh-LOC rolled tight-INST, fibre new joined one end runs.out-SUB, cord finished ball wound, then proudly old showed arm-length three cord strong good | ...


frame: sequential
words_used: ["muduwaju", "kuyu", "bana", "jarrakulbal", "wujurr", "makarr", "marrakan", "janyul"]
loans_used: []
evidence: TEMP1(buban-manin); wujurr-bu LOC(rr,u); janyul-nga/bayan-ba LOC; dawn-fishing-on-the-changing-tide
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T06:56:23.237670+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
We set out before dawn to reach the good fishing ground at the change of tide: we paddled downriver in the dark by the sound of the water, reached the mouth as the sky lightened, spread the nets across the channel, took a great haul as the tide ran out, filled the canoe until it sat low, paddled home heavy and slow, and then divided the whole catch on the beach among every family in the camp.

kuku:
Ngana muduwaju ngadiku badan kuyu-bubu ngulkurr bana-murninga kadanka: ngana wawubaja bada jarrakulban wujurr-bu bana kuku-bu, julay-mundu kadan jiri jirakal-mandanya, makarr bana-dukurr-bu naka-naka bawan, kuyu wubulku manin bana naka-naka dunganya, marrakan buwan dukul bada bundan, bayan-mundu jarrakulban dandi buban-buban, yalada kuyu wubulku jukara buban-manin jawun-karra bayanba wubulku.

analysis:
ngana muduwaju ngadiku bada-ny kuyu-bubu ngulkurr bana-murni-nga kada-nka, ngana wawubaja bada jarrakulba-ny wujurr-bu bana kuku-bu, julay-mundu kada-ny jiri jirakal-ma-nda-nya, makarr bana-dukurr-bu naka-naka bawa-ny, kuyu wubul-ku mani-ny bana naka-naka dunga-nya, marrakan buwa-ny dukul bada bunda-ny, bayan-mundu jarrakulba-ny dandi buban-buban, yala-da kuyu wubul-ku jukar-a buban-ma-ni-ny jawun-karra bayan-ba wubul-ku | we dawn before went fishing-ground good tide-change-LOC reach-for, we river down paddled dark-LOC water sound-INST, mouth-toward came sky lightens-SUB, net channel-inside across spread, fish all took tide out runs-SUB, canoe filled at.last low sat, home-toward paddled heavy slowly, then fish all beach-LOC divided families camp-LOC all | ...


frame: sequential
words_used: ["bana-wungar", "milbil", "diburr", "jiri", "muyar", "kungkarr", "jujubala", "bayan"]
loans_used: []
evidence: TEMP1(...); kunarangkal-ba LOC(l); reading-the-weather-signs
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T06:56:23.237670+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The old woman taught the girl to read the signs of the coming weather: they watched the ants move their eggs to high ground, they saw the sky redden strangely at evening, they felt the wind swing round to the north, they noticed the birds fly low and restless, the old woman named each sign and what it meant, they moved the camp gear up under cover, and then the great rain came in the night just as she had said it would.

kuku:
Wulbumanangka karrkay-jalbu milbin bana-wungar kadalmu burri nyajinka: jana minya-buban diburr wangkar-mundu murninya nyajin, jana jiri mula-mula murni kunarangkalba nyajin, jana muyar kungkarr-mundu murninya milkabu nyajin, jana jujubala bada janka-kari wandinya nyajin, wulbumanangka burri wubulku wanya yala balkan, jana bayan-yamba wangkar birra bada murni-manin, yalada bana yalbay wujurr kadan nyulu balkanmu yala.

analysis:
wulbuman-angka karrkay-jalbu milbi-ny bana-wungar kada-l-mu burri nyaji-nka: jana minya-buban diburr wangkar-mundu murni-nya nyaji-ny, jana jiri mula-mula murni kunarangkal-ba nyaji-ny, jana muyar kungkarr-mundu murni-nya milka-bu nyaji-ny, jana jujubala bada janka-kari wandi-nya nyaji-ny, wulbuman-angka burri wubul-ku wanya yala balka-ny, jana bayan-yamba wangkar birra bada murni-ma-ni-ny, yala-da bana yalbay wujurr kada-ny nyulu balka-ny-mu yala | old.woman girl taught weather coming-POSS signs read-DAT: they ants eggs high-toward move-SUB watched, they sky red strangely evening-LOC saw, they wind north-toward swings-SUB felt, they birds low restless fly-SUB noticed, old.woman signs all what means said, they camp-gear up cover under moved, then rain big night came she said-POSS as | ...


frame: sequential
words_used: ["marrakan", "murni", "dakal", "juku", "jaji", "wunba", "wabarr", "bana"]
loans_used: []
evidence: TEMP1(...); wabarr-ba LOC(rr,a->-ba, attested); buban-ba LOC(n); repairing-the-canoe-together
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T06:56:23.237670+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The men repaired the old canoe together before the fishing season: they turned it over and found the split down one side, they cut out the rotten wood, they shaped a new piece to fit exactly, they bound it in with cord and sealed it with wax and resin, they let it dry two days in the shade, they tested it in the shallows for leaks, and then took it out loaded for the first real fishing of the year.

kuku:
Dingkar-dingkar marrakan mukul murni-manin nyubun-nyubunji kuyu-wungar ngadiku: jana muku-mundu murni-manin kaka nyubun janka nyajin, jana juku kilba-manda dakan, jana juku jirakal murni-manin yukilku kajanka, jana karra-bu kajan jila kanunjul-bu karra, jana wabarrba jambul wungar wunanka bawan, jana bana buban-ba bana-walu nyajin, yalada buwan badan kuyu ngadiku yukil wungarmu.

analysis:
dingkar-dingkar marrakan mukul murni-ma-ni-ny nyubun-nyubun-ji kuyu-wungar ngadiku: jana muku-mundu murni-ma-ni-ny kaka nyubun janka nyaji-ny, jana juku kilba-ma-nda daka-ny, jana juku jirakal murni-ma-ni-ny yukil-ku kaja-nka, jana karra-bu kaja-ny jila kanunjul-bu karra, jana wabarr-ba jambul wungar wuna-nka bawa-ny, jana bana buban-ba bana-walu nyaji-ny, yala-da buwa-ny bada-ny kuyu ngadiku yukil wungar-mu | men canoe old repaired each.other-with fishing-season before: they over turned split one side found, they wood rotten cut, they wood new shaped fit-DAT join-DAT, they cord-INST bound wax resin-INST sealed, they shade-LOC two day dry-for left, they water shallow-LOC leak looked, then loaded went.down fishing first good year-POSS | ...


frame: sequential
words_used: ["kunku-jina", "juku", "junkurr", "dakal", "kulji", "ngunjil", "wumbul", "dayal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: TEMP1 dayan; junkurr-bu 'strongly' INST; making-a-digging-stick-for-grandmother
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T06:56:23.237670+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T13:46:38.818755+00:00
english:
I spent the whole day making a good digging stick for my grandmother: I found a length of the hardest heavy wood, cut it to the right length, sharpened one end to a strong point on the rough stone, fire-hardened the point over the coals, smoothed the whole shaft so it would not blister her hands, tested its weight and balance, and then gave it to her, and she used it happily for the rest of her days.

kuku:
Ngayu wungar wubulku jaba yukil bungan ngayku babinka: ngayu juku junkurr dandi bajaku manin, murni kalbay yukilku dakan, nyubun jungku kulji-jiran-bu murni-manin junkurr-bu, ngunjil wangkar jungku wumbul-manin, juku wubulku jinbal-manin nyulu nyungu mara kari buyun-bungalka, dandi murni-nyajin, yalada nyulunka dayan, nyulu wawu-minibu kirrajin nyungu wungar wubulmuny.

analysis:
ngayu wungar wubul-ku jaba yukil bunga-ny ngayku babi-nka: ngayu juku junkurr dandi bajaku mani-ny, murni kalbay yukil-ku daka-ny, nyubun jungku kulji-jiran-bu murni-ma-ni-ny junkurr-bu, ngunjil wangkar jungku wumbul-ma-ni-ny, juku wubul-ku jinbal-ma-ni-ny nyulu nyungu mara kari buyun-bunga-nka, dandi murni-nyaji-ny, yala-da nyulu-nka daya-ny, nyulu wawu-mini-bu kirraji-ny nyungu wungar wubul-muny | I day all digging.stick(jaba) good made my grandmother-for: I wood hard heavy most got, cut length right, one end rough.stone-INST sharpened point strong, coals over point hardened, wood all smoothed it her hands NEG blister-make-DAT, weight balance tested, then her-for gave, she happily used her days all-ABL | ...


frame: sequential
words_used: ["kuyu", "jindi", "bana", "baya", "wula", "ngunjil", "wandul", "nganja"]
loans_used: []
evidence: TEMP1(nyajin); yukil-nga->yukilba FIX; ngunjil-ba LOC(l); the-first-big-fish-cooked-for-the-family
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T06:56:23.237670+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The young woman prepared her first big fish for the whole family, wanting to do it perfectly: she scaled and cleaned it carefully at the water, made a good fire and let it burn to coals, wrapped the fish in the right leaves with a little fat, laid it in the coals and turned it at the right moment, tested that it was cooked through, served the old ones first, and then watched anxiously as everyone tasted her cooking.

kuku:
Karrkay-jalbu nyungu kuyu yalbay ngadiku bungan jawun-karra wubulkunka, wawu nyulu yukil bajaku bunganka: nyulu jindi karra bananga buban-buban, baya ngulkurr bungan wula ngunjilku dungan, kuyu birra yukilba wandul buban baja buwan, ngunjilba daya murni-manin wungar yukilba, jani dukurr-mundu nyajin, mukul ngadiku daya, yalada janka-kari nyajin bama wubulku nyungu waju nganja-kangalnya.

analysis:
karrkay-jalbu nyungu kuyu yalbay ngadiku bunga-ny jawun-karra wubul-ku-nka, wawu nyulu yukil bajaku bunga-nka: nyulu jindi karra bana-nga buban-buban, baya ngulkurr bunga-ny wula ngunjil-ku dunga-ny, kuyu birra yukil-ba wandul buban baja buwa-ny, ngunjil-ba daya murni-ma-ni-ny wungar yukil-ba, jani dukurr-mundu nyaji-ny, mukul ngadiku daya, yala-da janka-kari nyaji-ny bama wubul-ku nyungu waju nganja-kangal-nya | girl her fish big first made family all-for, want she perfectly make-DAT: she scales cleaned water-LOC carefully, fire good made flame coals-DAT went, fish leaves right-LOC fat little too wrapped, coals-LOC gave turned time right-LOC, well.cooked through checked, old first served, then anxiously watched people all her cooking tastes-SUB | ...


frame: sequential
words_used: ["balbil", "kalbay", "jilbay", "bayan", "bubu", "muduwaju", "minya", "nyunbay"]
loans_used: []
evidence: TEMP1(nyunban); wumbul-nga->wumbulba FIX; the-boys'-first-long-hunt
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T06:56:23.237670+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The old man led the boys on their first long hunting trip away from the camp: they walked out two days into new country, he taught them to make a dry camp with little water, they hunted the plains at dawn and rested in the heat, they smoked the meat to carry it, they read new country they had never seen, they turned for home when the food-bags were full, and then walked back proud with more meat than they had ever carried.

kuku:
Mukulungku dingkarangka warru-warru balbil kalbay ngadiku jilbaman bayanmuny kala-kalbay: jana jambul wungar bubu jirakal-mundu jilban, nyulu milbin bayan-kiway bana buban bunganka, jana bubu-yaral muduwajungu balbin wumbulba mara-kunban, jana minya kubu-manin jarrakulbalka, jana bubu jirakal jana kariku nyajinmu nyajin, jana bayan-mundu murni mayi-balji buwanba, yalada wawu-junkurr nyunban minya wubul jana kariku jarrakulbanmuny.

analysis:
mukul-ungku dingkar-angka warru-warru balbi-l kalbay ngadiku jilba-ma-ny bayan-muny kala-kalbay: jana jambul wungar bubu jirakal-mundu jilba-ny, nyulu milbi-ny bayan-kiway bana buban bunga-nka, jana bubu-yaral muduwaju-ngu balbi-ny wumbul-ba mara-kunba-ny, jana minya kubu-ma-ni-ny jarrakulba-l-ka, jana bubu jirakal jana kariku nyaji-ny-mu nyaji-ny, jana bayan-mundu murni mayi-balji buwa-ny-ba, yala-da wawu-junkurr nyunba-ny minya wubul jana kariku jarrakulba-ny-muny | old man young.men hunting long first led camp-from far: they two day country new-toward walked, he taught dry-camp water little make-DAT, they plains dawn-LOC hunted heat-LOC rested, they meat smoked carry-DAT, they country new they never saw-POSS read, they home-toward turned food-bags fill-LOC, then proud returned meat much they never carried-ABL | ...


frame: sequential
words_used: ["kuyu", "makarr", "juku", "dakal", "dukurr", "wukurril", "bana", "dayal"]
loans_used: []
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T06:56:23.237670+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:46:46.245393+00:00
english:
We built the big fish weir together over three days at the narrow place in the creek: we cut and carried many stakes, we drove them into the mud in a wide V pointing downstream, we wove branches between them into a tight fence, we left a narrow gate with a trap-basket at the point, we opened the gate at the falling tide, we took the trapped fish each morning, and then kept the weir mended and fed the whole camp from it all season.

kuku:
Ngana kuyu-makarr yalbay bungan nyubun-nyubunji kulur wungar bana buban-mandanga: ngana juku wubulku dakan jarrakulban, ngana janka-mundu bada yijarrin naka-naka bada-mundu, ngana juku-murru dukurr-bu wukurrin janka junkurr-bu, ngana jina buban bawan kuyu-jina bada-mundu, ngana jina kajan bana bada dunganya, ngana kuyu manin muduwaju wubulku, yalada makarr murni karrban bayan wubulku dayan wungar wubulku.

analysis:
ngana kuyu-makarr yalbay bunga-ny nyubun-nyubun-ji kulur wungar bana buban-ma-nda-nga: ngana juku wubul-ku daka-ny jarrakulba-ny, ngana janka-mundu bada yijarri-ny naka-naka bada-mundu, ngana juku-murru dukurr-bu wukurri-ny janka junkurr-bu, ngana jina buban bawa-ny kuyu-jina bada-mundu, ngana jina kaja-ny bana bada dunga-nya, ngana kuyu mani-ny muduwaju wubul-ku, yala-da makarr murni karrba-ny bayan wubul-ku daya-ny wungar wubul-ku | we fish-weir big made each.other-with three day creek narrow-LOC: we stakes many cut carried, we mud-toward down drove across down-toward, we branches inside wove fence tight-INST, we gate small left fish-trap downstream-toward, we gate opened water down goes-SUB, we fish took morning all, then weir mended kept camp all fed season all | ...

evidence:
TEMP1 dayan; dukurr-bu LOC; murru-nga LOC(u->? murru u-final -> murru-ngu) FIX; building-a-fish-weir-together


frame: sequential
words_used: ["mara-daji", "murbuy", "bakal", "kulji", "nyurrbal", "wandul", "baya", "kunarangkal"]
loans_used: []
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T06:56:23.237670+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The girl helped her mother make ochre paint for the dancers: they dug the red ochre from the known place in the bank, ground it fine on a flat stone, mixed it with water and a little fat to bind it, warmed it gently by the fire, tested the color on a piece of bark, filled the small shell cups for each dancer, and then watched the men paint the old designs on one another before the evening dance.

kuku:
Karrkay-jalbu nyungu ngamu mara-daji murbuy-kabu bama-nka bunganka: jana murbuy mula-mula jalkar-a bubu-binalmuny bakan, kulji yaralba jinbal nyurrban, bananji wandul buban baja murni-manin, baya ngunduku buban-buban wumbul-manin, murni kambi-buban-ba murni-nyajin, dakilji-kuyalin buban buwan bama nyubun nyubun, yalada dingkar-dingkar nyajin murbuy-burri ngadiku nyubun-nyubunji birra-bungal kunarangkal janji ngadiku.

analysis:
karrkay-jalbu nyungu ngamu mara-daji murbuy-ka-bu bama-nka bunga-nka: jana murbuy mula-mula jalkar-a bubu-binal-muny baka-ny, kulji yaral-ba jinbal nyurrba-ny, bana-nji wandul buban baja murni-ma-ni-ny, baya ngundu-ku buban-buban wumbul-ma-ni-ny, murni kambi-buban-ba murni-nyaji-ny, dakilji-kuyalin buban buwa-ny bama nyubun nyubun, yala-da dingkar-dingkar nyaji-ny murbuy-burri ngadiku nyubun-nyubun-ji bina-bunga-l kunarangkal karra ngadiku | girl her mother helped ochre-paint dancers-for make-DAT: they ochre red bank-LOC place-known-ABL dug, stone flat-LOC fine ground, water-with fat little too mixed, fire near-DAT gently warmed, mark bark-piece-LOC tested, shell-cup small filled dancer one one, then men watched ochre-design old each.other-with paint dance before | ...

evidence:
TEMP1(nyajin); dungur-ba LOC? dungur single-r+a->dungura FIX; yaral-nga? yaral l->yaralba FIX; making-ochre-paint


frame: sequential
words_used: ["binal", "bana", "bubu", "kija", "milbil", "jujubala", "kunarangkal", "bakal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: TEMP1(yinilman); dukurr-bu LOC; finding-water-in-the-dry-country
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T06:56:23.237670+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
I learned to find water in the dry country the hard way, from my grandfather: he showed me to follow the birds at dusk to where they drink, to read the green line of the deeper-rooted trees, to dig at the outer bend of a dry creek where the water hides, to listen for the frogs buried in the mud, and we found water each time by one of these signs, and then I never feared the dry country again.

kuku:
Ngayu binalman bana bubu-kiway dukurr-bu maninka dandibu, ngayku ngajimuny: nyulu ngaya milbin jujubala kunarangkal wukurrinka wanja jana jangal, juku birra-jirakal dukurr-jarra binalka, bakanka bana-jandu-ngu bana wunay wanja, ngara-mundu diburr-kaya janka-dukurr-bu, ngana bana manin wungar wubulku wari nyubunmuny, yalada ngayu kariku bubu-kiway yinilman baja.

analysis:
ngayu binal-ma-ny bana bubu-kiway dukurr-bu mani-nka dandi-bu, ngayku ngaji-muny: nyulu ngaya milbi-ny jujubala kunarangkal wukurri-nka wanja jana janga-l, juku birra-jirakal dukurr-jarra binal-ka, baka-nka bana-jandu-ngu bana wuna-y wanja, ngara-mundu diburr-kaya janka-dukurr-bu, ngana bana mani-ny wungar wubul-ku wari nyubun-muny, yala-da ngayu kariku bubu-kiway yinil-ma-ny baja | I learned water dry-country inside get-DAT hard-INST, my grandfather-ABL: he me showed birds dusk follow-DAT where they drink, tree green-leaf deep-root know-DAT, dig-DAT dry-creek bend-toward water lies where, listen-toward frog-croak mud-inside, we water got time all sign one-ABL, then I never dry-country feared again | ...


frame: sequential
words_used: ["yaba", "kubarr", "juku", "bada", "dukurr", "kalka", "jarrakulbal", "bubu"]
loans_used: []
evidence: TEMP1(wajun); bada-nga LOC(a); dukurr-bu LOC; bubu-ngu LOC(u); the-two-brothers-and-the-big-eel
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T06:56:23.237670+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The two brothers set out to catch the big eel that lived under the old log in the deep pool: they blocked the downstream end with a stone wall, one felt carefully under the log with his hands while the other stood ready with the spear, the eel shot out and the spearman missed, they tried again more patiently, the eel came out slow and the spear went true, they carried the great eel home between them, and then their mother cooked it whole for a feast.

kuku:
Yaba jambul badan kubarr yalbay maninka nyulu juku mukul badanga bana dukurr-bu wunaymu: jana bada-mundu karra kulji-bayanbu, nyubun buban-buban juku bada maranji nyajil yindu kalka yukil janji, kubarr wandin kalka-bama bawan, jana murni-nyajin maku-janalbu, kubarr buban wandin kalka murni dungan, jana kubarr yalbay nyubun-nyubun dukurr-bu jarrakulban, yalada nyungu ngamu bubungu wajun bangkarr-yalbaynka.

analysis:
yaba jambul bada-ny kubarr yalbay mani-nka nyulu juku mukul bada-nga bana dukurr-bu wuna-y-mu: jana bada-mundu karra kulji-bayan-bu, nyubun buban-buban juku bada mara-nji nyaji-l yindu kalka yukil karra, kubarr wandi-ny kalka-bama bawa-ny, jana murni-nyaji-ny maku-jana-l-bu, kubarr buban wandi-ny kalka murni dunga-ny, jana kubarr yalbay nyubun-nyubun dukurr-bu jarrakulba-ny, yala-da nyungu ngamu bubu-ngu waju-ny bangkarr-yalbay-nka | brothers two went eel big catch-DAT it log old below-LOC water deep-inside lives-POSS: they down-toward blocked stone-wall-INST, one carefully log below hand-with feels other spear ready stands, eel rose spearman missed, they tried patiently, eel little rose spear true went, they eel big between center carried, then their mother ground-LOC cooked feast-for | ...


frame: sequential
words_used: ["karrkay", "ngawa", "jiba-badi", "jarrakulbal", "kambi", "junkurr", "kalkal", "wujurr"]
loans_used: []
evidence: TEMP1(bundan); wujurr-bu LOC(rr,u); settling-a-fretful-baby
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T06:56:23.237670+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The old woman showed the young mother how to carry and settle a fretful baby: she wrapped it firmly in the soft bark, held it upright against the warmth of her body, walked slowly with a swaying step, hummed the low quieting song, watched for the moment the little eyes grew heavy, laid it down without waking it, and then sat close by until she was sure it was deeply asleep.

kuku:
Wulbumanangka karrkay-ngamu milbin yala ngawa jiba-badi jarrakulbalka janka-bungalka: nyulu kambi jinbalbu junkurr buwan, wangkar karrban nyungu bangkarr wumbul ngundu, buban-buban jilban jibul-jibul jinabu, kuku janka buban wangan, bundan dukul miyil buban dandi-mandanya, wunaman kari wandi-manilbu, yalada ngundu bundan dukul nyulu binal nyulu wujurr-bu wunanmu.

analysis:
wulbuman-angka karrkay-ngamu milbi-ny yala ngawa jiba-badi jarrakulba-l-ka janka-bunga-nka: nyulu kambi jinbal-bu junkurr buwa-ny, wangkar karrba-ny nyungu bangkarr wumbul ngundu, buban-buban jilba-ny jibul-jibul jina-bu, kuku janka buban wanga-ny, bunda-ny dukul miyil buban dandi-ma-nda-nya, wuna-ma-ny kari wandi-ma-ni-l-bu, yala-da ngundu bunda-ny dukul nyulu binal nyulu wujurr-bu wuna-ny-mu | old.woman young-mother showed how baby fretful carry-DAT settle-DAT: she bark soft-INST firmly wrapped, upright held her body warm near, slowly walked swaying step-INST, song quiet low hummed, waited at.last eyes little heavy-become-SUB, laid.down NEG wake-make-INST, then near sat at.last she knows she deeply slept-POSS | ...


frame: sequential
words_used: ["wunba", "wukurril", "juku", "dimbirr", "dakal", "kulji", "dukurr", "nukal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: TEMP1(nukan); ngulkurr-nga? ngulkurr trill+u->ngulkurr-bu FIX; three-honey-trees-in-one-morning
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T06:56:23.237670+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
We tracked the wild honey to three different trees in one good morning: the first bee led us to a low hollow easy to reach, the second to a tall tree we had to climb with a vine rope, the third into a rock crevice we opened with a digging stick, we took honey from all three and left each nest alive, we carried the full bark buckets home dripping, and then the whole camp ate honey until the children's faces were sticky and glad.

kuku:
Ngana wunba wukurrin juku kulur yindu-yindu-mundu nyubun muduwaju ngulkurrnga: minya-buban ngadiku ngaya wukurrin dimbirr bada maninka yukil, jambul juku kalbay ngana kalal-bu dakanka, kulur kulji-jarra-dukurr-bu ngana jaba-bu kajan, ngana wunba kulurmuny manin nyubun nyubun juku-bayan wula bawan, ngana kambi-dakilji buwan bayan-mundu jarrakulban jinbal-manda, yalada bayan wubulku wunba nukan dukul karrkay miyil bikirr wawu-mini janaymu.

analysis:
ngana wunba wukurri-ny juku kulur yindu-yindu-mundu nyubun muduwaju ngulkurr-nga: minya-buban ngadiku ngaya wukurri-ny dimbirr bada mani-nka yukil, jambul juku kalbay ngana kalal-bu daka-nka, kulur kulji-jarra-dukurr-bu ngana jaba-bu kaja-ny, ngana wunba kulur-muny mani-ny nyubun nyubun juku-bayan wula bawa-ny, ngana kambi-dakilji buwa-ny bayan-mundu jarrakulba-ny jinbal-ma-nda, yala-da bayan wubul-ku wunba nuka-ny dukul karrkay miyil bikirr wawu-mini jana-y-mu | we honey followed trees three different-toward one morning good-LOC: bee first us led hollow low reach-DAT easy, second tree tall we vine-INST climb-DAT, third rock-crevice-inside we digging.stick(jaba)-INST opened, we honey three-from took nest one one alive left, we bark-buckets filled home-toward carried dripping, then camp all honey ate at.last children face sticky happy were-POSS | ...


frame: sequential
words_used: ["kalka", "yilbal", "binal", "jilbay", "jikan", "dukurr", "kunil", "daji-way"]
loans_used: []
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T06:56:23.237670+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The boy earned his first real spear that season: he made the practice throws until his arm was true, he learned to move without sound through the grass, he watched the old men and copied how they read the animals, he made his first small kill of a bandicoot alone, he brought it back and shared it properly, the old man judged him ready and gave him a man's spear, and then the whole camp acknowledged him with quiet respect at the fire that night.

kuku:
Buban nyungu kalka ngadiku yukil manin yinya wungarnga: nyulu yilbal-yilbal bungan dukul nyungu mara yukil, nyulu binalman kuku-kari jilbanka jikan dukurr-bu, nyulu mukul-dingkar nyajin murni-manin yala jana minya nyajil, nyulu nyungu minya ngadiku kulngu nyulu-nyulu kunin, jarrakulban daji-way yukil, mukulungku dingkarangka nyulu yukil nyajin dingkar-kalka dayan, yalada bayan wubulku nyulu yulmbarril janka-wawu-yukilbu baya ngunduku yinya wujurr.

analysis:
buban nyungu kalka ngadiku yukil mani-ny yinya wungar-nga: nyulu yilba-l-yilba-l bunga-ny dukul nyungu mara yukil, nyulu binal-ma-ny kuku-kari jilba-nka jikan dukurr-bu, nyulu mukul-dingkar nyaji-ny murni-ma-ni-ny yala jana minya nyaji-l, nyulu nyungu minya ngadiku kulngu nyulu-nyulu kuni-ny, jarrakulba-ny daji-way yukil, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka nyulu yukil nyaji-ny dingkar-kalka daya-ny, yala-da bayan wubul-ku nyulu yulmbarril janka-wawu-yukil-bu baya ngundu-ku yinya wujurr | boy his spear first proper got that season-LOC: he practice-throws made at.last his arm true, he learned soundlessly walk-DAT grass inside, he old-men watched copied how they animals read, he his kill first bandicoot himself killed, brought.back shared properly, old man him ready judged man-spear gave, then camp all him acknowledged quiet-respect-INST fire near that night | ...

evidence:
TEMP1(yulmbarril); wungar-nga->wungara FIX; dukurr-bu LOC; daji-way RECIP; earning-the-first-real-spear


frame: sequential
words_used: ["kunarangkal", "bangkarr", "kirraji", "balbil", "kurrma", "dukurr", "nukal", "jarrakulbal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: TEMP1(...); dukurr-bu LOC; the-farewell-feast-and-scattering
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T06:56:23.237670+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
On the last evening of the long gathering everyone worked together to prepare the farewell feast: the hunters brought in the last of the smoked meat, the women uncovered the great earth ovens full of food, the young ones carried it all to the central ground, the old ones took the honored places, we ate and gave thanks and named the ones who had travelled far, we sang the parting songs as the fire burned low, and then at dawn the many families packed and scattered back to their own countries carrying the whole gathering inside them.

kuku:
Kunarangkal bada bajaku bangkarr-yalbaymu bama wubulku nyubun-nyubunji kirrajin bawa-mayi bunganka: balbi-bama minya kubu-manin bada bajaku daya, jalbu kurrma yalbay kajan mayi buwanba, warru-warru dukurr-bu wubulku jarrakulban, mukul bubu-yukil manin, ngana nukan wawu-mini balkan bama kala-kalbaymuny jilbanmu burri, ngana bawa-jangkar balkan baya bada dunganya, yalada muduwajungu jawun-karra wubulku murni-manda nyungu bubu-mundu wandin bangkarr wubulku dukurr-bu jarrakulban.

analysis:
kunarangkal bada bajaku bangkarr-yalbay-mu bama wubul-ku nyubun-nyubun-ji kirraji-ny bawa-mayi bunga-nka: balbi-bama minya kubu-ma-ni-ny bada bajaku daya, jalbu kurrma yalbay kaja-ny mayi buwa-ny-ba, warru-warru dukurr-bu wubul-ku jarrakulba-ny, mukul bubu-yukil mani-ny, ngana nuka-ny wawu-mini balka-ny bama kala-kalbay-muny jilba-ny-mu burri, ngana bawa-jangkar balka-ny baya bada dunga-nya, yala-da muduwaju-ngu jawun-karra wubul-ku murni-ma-nda nyungu bubu-mundu wandi-ny bangkarr wubul-ku dukurr-bu jarrakulba-ny | evening last very gathering-POSS people all each.other-with worked farewell-feast make-DAT: hunters meat smoked last gave, women earth.ovens big uncovered food filled-LOC, young.ones center all carried, old honored-place took, we ate thanks said people far-ABL travelled-POSS named, we parting-songs sang fire down goes-SUB, then dawn-LOC families all scatter their country-toward went gathering all inside carried | ...


frame: fauna
words_used: ["buyi", "ngaral", "dawa-dawa", "jaka", "bakamu", "balkal", "bubu"]
loans_used: []
evidence: buyi 'bird'; bubu-ngu LOC(u); bird-calls-as-the-camp's-clock-and-news
status: accepted
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:17:20.295886+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-03T07:20:42.931658+00:00
english:
The old people listen to the birds all through the day to know the time and the news: the magpie sings up the dawn, the friarbird grows loud when the trees flower, the pigeons come in to drink at the same hour each evening, and a bird that calls out of its proper time is telling the camp that something has changed in the country.

kuku:
Bama mukul buyi ngaran wungar wubulku binalka wungar kuku-jarrakay baja: dawa-dawa muduwaju wulngku-badin, jaka junkurr-manin juku nganka-mandanya, bakamu kadan janga-nka nyubun wungar kunarangkal wubulku, buyi nyulu balkan nyungu wungar yukil-karibu nyulu bayan balkan yamba nyubun bubungu yindu-mandanmu.

analysis:
bama mukul buyi ngara-ny wungar wubul-ku binal-ka wungar kuku-jarrakay baja: dawa-dawa muduwaju wulngku-badi-ny, jaka junkurr-ma-ni-ny juku nganka-ma-nda-nya, bakamu kada-ny janga-nka nyubun wungar kunarangkal wubul-ku, buyi nyulu balka-ny nyungu wungar yukil-kari-bu nyulu bayan balka-ny yamba nyubun bubu-ngu yindu-ma-nda-ny-mu | people old birds heard day all know-DAT time news too: magpie dawn sings, friarbird loud-became trees flower-SUB, pigeons come drink-for one hour evening all, bird it calls its time proper-not-INST it camp tells thing one country-LOC changed-POSS


frame: fauna
words_used: ["bulbul", "balkal", "kunarangkal", "bana-wungar", "ngaral", "wandil", "buyi", "marra-warri"]
loans_used: []
evidence: marra-warri 'fly'; wungar-kari-nga LOC(a); the-coucal-calls-before-rain
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:17:20.295886+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The pheasant coucal calls its low double note in the afternoon before rain, and the old ones say when you hear it start up out of season you should look to your shelter, for it has never yet been wrong about the coming water, and the little birds go quiet and fly low just before the first heavy drops fall.

kuku:
Bulbul balkan nyungu kuku bada jambul kunarangkal bana-wungar ngadiku, mukul jana balkan yundu ngaranya nyulu wandin wungar-karinga yundu bayan-wawun nyajinka, nyulu kariku ngadiku kanban bana kadalmu, buyi buban dandi-manda bada marra-warrin bana yalbay jirakal badanya ngadiku.

analysis:
bulbul balka-ny nyungu kuku bada jambul kunarangkal bana-wungar ngadiku, mukul jana balka-ny yundu ngara-nya nyulu wandi-ny wungar-kari-nga yundu bayan-wawun nyaji-nka, nyulu kariku ngadiku kanban bana kada-l-mu, buyi buban dandi-ma-nda bada marra-warri-ny bana yalbay jirakal bada-nya ngadiku | pheasant.coucal calls its note low two afternoon rain before, old they say you hear-SUB it starts season-wrong-LOC you shelter look-DAT, it never yet mistaken water coming-about, birds small quiet-become low fly rain big first falls-SUB before


frame: fauna
words_used: ["biru-biru", "janku", "jalkar", "janyul", "bakal", "milbil", "murru", "wawu-junkurr"]
loans_used: []
evidence: janku 'hole/burrow'; jalkar 'bank'; take-only-what-you-need
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:17:20.295886+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The rainbow bird digs a long tunnel into the soft sand of the creek bank and lays its young at the very end where nothing can reach them, and the old man showed the boy the neat round hole and told him never to dig it out, for the bird works many days at that tunnel and would lose everything, and a person should take only what they truly need.

kuku:
Biru-biru janku kalbay jalkar bana jukar jinbal-mundu bakan nyungu buban bada bajaku wunaman wanja yamba nyubun kariku manil, mukulungku dingkarangka buban milbin janku jirakal murru nyulu balkan kariku bakanka, biru-biru wungar wubulku kirrajin janku ngunduka nyulu yamba wubulku bawalmu, bama nyulu nganga wanya nyulu wawu-junkurr manil.

analysis:
biru-biru janku kalbay jalkar bana jukar jinbal-mundu baka-ny nyungu buban bada bajaku wuna-ma-ny wanja yamba nyubun kariku mani-l, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka buban milbi-ny janku jirakal murru nyulu balka-ny kariku baka-nka, biru-biru wungar wubul-ku kirraji-ny janku ngundu-ka nyulu yamba wubul-ku bawa-l-mu, bama nyulu nganga wanya nyulu wawu-junkurr mani-l | rainbow.bird tunnel long bank sand soft-into dug its young down very laid where thing one never reaches, old man boy showed hole neat round he said never dig-DAT, rainbow.bird days all worked tunnel near-LOC it thing all lose-POSS, person he just what he truly needs takes


frame: fauna
words_used: ["bajal", "kulun", "majaji", "dukurr", "bangkal", "karrkay", "yajarril", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
evidence: dukurr-bu LOC; bajal 'bower bird'; the-clever-bower-bird-thief
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:17:20.295886+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The bower bird is the cleverest thief in the scrub, gathering blue and shining things to build its playhouse and steal from any camp left unwatched, and the children laugh to find their lost beads woven into its bower, but the old woman says leave it be, for it takes only bright small things and harms nothing, and its playhouse is a wonder worth watching.

kuku:
Bajal nyulu kulun yukil majaji dukurr-bu, yamba jarrba-jarrba biru-biru bangkan nyungu janka-bayan bunganka bama-yindumuny bayan nyaji-karimuny manil, karrkay-karrkay yajarrin nyungu yamba dumbaynmu bajal-janka-nga nyajinya, wulbumanangka balkan bawa nyulu, nyulu nganga yamba buban biru-biru manil yamba nyubun kari mumbu-bungal, nyungu janka-bayan yamba yukil nyajinka.

analysis:
bajal nyulu kulun yukil majaji dukurr-bu, yamba jarrba-jarrba biru-biru bangka-ny nyungu janka-bayan bunga-nka bama-yindu-muny bayan nyaji-kari-muny mani-l, karrkay-karrkay yajarri-ny nyungu yamba dumbay-ny-mu bajal-janka-nga nyaji-nya, wulbuman-angka balka-ny bawa nyulu, nyulu nganga yamba buban biru-biru mani-l yamba nyubun kari mumbu-bunga-l, nyungu janka-bayan yamba yukil nyaji-nka | bower.bird it thief clever scrub inside, thing shining blue gathers its play-house make-DAT others-from camp unwatched-from takes, children laugh their thing lost-POSS bower-LOC see-SUB, old.woman says leave it, it just thing small bright takes thing one NEG harms, its play-house thing wonder watch-DAT


frame: fauna
words_used: ["dabuy", "juku", "bana", "dukurr", "bunday", "kuyu", "balbil", "daman"]
loans_used: []
evidence: dukurr-bu LOC; dabuy 'kingfisher'; hunt-like-the-kingfisher
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:17:20.295886+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The kingfisher sits still on the low branch over the still water and watches for a long time without moving, then drops like a thrown stone and comes up with a small fish every time, and the old man told the boy to hunt the same way: sit still, watch long, waste no movement, and strike only once when you are certain.

kuku:
Dabuy janka juku-mara bada bana janka dukurr-bu bundan nyaji maku-janal kari murninya, yalada badan kulji yilbanmabi yala bada kadan kuyu buban wungar wubulku, mukulungku dingkarangka buban balkan yala nyubun balbinka: janka bunda, nyaji maku-jana, kari murni bawa, daman nyubun nyundu binalnya.

analysis:
dabuy janka juku-mara bada bana janka dukurr-bu bunda-ny nyaji maku-jana-l kari murni-nya, yala-da bada-ny kulji yilba-ny-mabi yala bada kada-ny kuyu buban wungar wubul-ku, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka buban balka-ny yala nyubun balbi-nka: janka bunda, nyaji maku-jana, kari murni bawa, dama-ny nyubun nyundu binal-nya | kingfisher still branch low water still over sat watches waits NEG moves, then went.down stone thrown-like as down came fish small time all, old man boy said as one hunt-DAT: still sit, watch wait, NEG movement waste, speared once you certain-SUB


frame: fauna
words_used: ["jaka", "buyi", "wunba", "juku", "wukurril", "nyajil", "jiba-wulay", "ngaral"]
loans_used: []
evidence: jaka 'friarbird'; birds-follow-the-flowering
status: accepted
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:17:20.295886+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-03T07:20:42.931658+00:00
english:
The friarbird and the little honeyeaters follow the flowering trees across the country as the seasons turn, and a person who watches which trees the birds are working can find the honey and the sweet blossom and know exactly where the year has reached, for the birds read the flowering better than any calendar a person could keep.

kuku:
Jaka buyi-wunba buban baja juku nganka-mabi wukurrin bubu wubulku wungar murni-mandanya, bama nyulu nyajil juku wanyu buyi kirrajil nyulu wunba nganka jiba-wulay manil binal wanja wungar kadanmu, buyi nganka ngaral ngulkurr-baja wungar-jina bama nyubun karrbalmuny.

analysis:
jaka buyi-wunba buban baja juku nganka-mabi wukurri-ny bubu wubul-ku wungar murni-ma-nda-nya, bama nyulu nyaji-l juku wanyu buyi kirraji-l nyulu wunba nganka jiba-wulay mani-l binal wanja wungar kada-ny-mu, buyi nganka ngara-l ngulkurr-baja wungar-jina bama nyubun karrba-l-muny | friarbird honeyeater small too trees flowering follows country all season turns-SUB, person who watches trees which birds work he honey blossom sweet gets knows where year reached-POSS, birds flowering read better calendar person one keeps-ABL


frame: fauna
words_used: ["bakamu", "kanbal", "juku", "mayi", "balbil", "milbil", "nukal", "ngujan"]
loans_used: []
evidence: bakamu 'pigeon'; don't-over-hunt-a-flock
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:17:20.295886+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:46:05.836376+00:00
english:
When the pigeons come down in a great flock to the fruiting tree they are easy hunting, and the old man taught the boys to wait in cover and take only what the camp would eat that day, never firing into the whole flock in greed, for a flock hunted too hard learns to go elsewhere and never comes back to that country again.

kuku:
Bakamu jana kadan bunda kanbal-yalbay juku mayi-mabi-mundu jana balbil yukil, mukulungku dingkarangka warru-warru milbin karra janka-mandanka mani nganga bayan nukalmuny yinya wungar, kariku janga wubulku ngujanbu, kanbal dandibu balbin nyulu binalman bubu yindu-mundu dungay kariku nyunban bubu ngundumuny baja.

analysis:
bakamu jana kada-ny bunda kanbal-yalbay juku mayi-mabi-mundu jana balbi-l yukil, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka warru-warru milbi-ny karra janka-ma-nda-nka mani nganga bayan nuka-l-muny yinya wungar, kariku janga wubul-ku ngujan-bu, kanbal dandi-bu balbi-ny nyulu binal-ma-ny bubu yindu-mundu dunga-y kariku nyunba-ny bubu ngundu-muny baja | pigeons they come.down flock-big tree fruiting-toward they hunting good, old man young.men taught cover hide-for take just camp eat-POSS that day, never shoot.into flock all greed-INST, flock hard-INST hunted it learns country other-toward go never returns country near-ABL too


frame: fauna
words_used: ["ngawuya", "jalun", "dayal", "junkurr", "jalbu", "dingkar", "mukul", "buyun"]
loans_used: []
evidence: ngawuya 'turtle'(grammar.md); daya-l-nga LOC(l)->dayalba FIX; the-turtle-must-be-honored
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:17:20.295886+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T10:14:40.074257+00:00
english:
The turtle on the reef is the greatest prize, and taking one feeds many, but the old law is strict: never take the small ones and never take a female heavy with her young, take only the big old males, and even then divide it so the old and the sick eat first, for the turtle gives its whole self and must be honored in the giving.

kuku:
Ngawuya jalun-ba bada yamba yukil bajaku, nyubun manil bama wubulku dayal, kuku ngadiku junkurr: kariku buban mani kari jalbu-ngawuya nyungu buban junkurrbu mani, dingkar-ngawuya mukul yalbay nganga mani, yaladaku buban-manin mukul buyun-bama ngadiku nukalmu, ngawuya nyulu nyungu-nyungu wubulku dayan yabarrka yukil-bungalmu dayalba.

analysis:
ngawuya jalun-ba bada yamba yukil bajaku, nyubun mani-l bama wubul-ku daya-l, kuku ngadiku junkurr: kariku buban mani kari jalbu-ngawuya nyungu buban junkurr-bu mani, dingkar-ngawuya mukul yalbay nganga mani, yala-da-ku buban-ma-ni-ny mukul buyun-bama ngadiku nuka-l-mu, ngawuya nyulu nyungu-nyungu wubul-ku daya-ny yabarrka yukil-bunga-l-mu daya-l-ba | turtle reef on thing best most, one caught people all feeds, law old strict: never small take NEG female-turtle her young heavy-with take, male-turtle old big only take, then-DAT divided old sick-people first eat-PURP, turtle it itself all gives always honored giving-LOC


frame: fauna
words_used: ["kubarr", "juku", "bana", "dukurr", "wunay", "balbil", "karrbal", "janyji"]
loans_used: []
evidence: dukurr-bu LOC; kubarr 'eel'; catching-the-big-eel-by-hand
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:17:20.295886+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The big eel lives under the old sunken log in the deepest pool, coming out only at night to hunt, and to catch one you must feel very slowly under the log with your bare hand until you touch its cool side, then grip it hard behind the head all at once, for an eel gripped weakly will slide away and never be fooled twice.

kuku:
Kubarr yalbay juku mukul bana bada bana dukurr-bu bajaku wunay, wandin nganga wujurr balbinka, nyubun maninka yundu murninji juku bada maranji maku-janal dukul yundu nyungu janka kaka jilban, karrba junkurr-bu karra-dukurr nyubunku, kubarr karrban buban-bu nyulu jarrba dungay kariku binal-manda jambulku.

analysis:
kubarr yalbay juku mukul bana bada bana dukurr-bu bajaku wuna-y, wandi-ny nganga wujurr balbi-nka, nyubun mani-nka yundu murni-nji juku bada mara-nji maku-jana-l dukul yundu nyungu janka kaka jilba-ny, karrba junkurr-bu karra-dukurr nyubun-ku, kubarr karrba-ny buban-bu nyulu jarrba dunga-y kariku binal-ma-nda jambul-ku | eel big log old water deep water inside most lives, comes.out only night hunt-DAT, one catch-DAT you slowly log below hand-with feels at.last you its side cool touch, grip hard-INST head-behind at.once, eel gripped weakly-INST it slides goes never fooled twice-DAT


frame: fauna
words_used: ["bilngkumu", "minya", "yinil", "bana", "milbil", "jalkar", "karrkay", "dukurr"]
loans_used: []
evidence: bana-nga LOC(a); dukurr-bu LOC; the-crocodile-and-its-strict-water-rules
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:17:20.295886+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T10:14:40.074257+00:00
english:
The crocodile is the one creature the old people fear at the water, and they taught strict rules: never camp right at the edge, never take water from the same place twice, watch the bank for the slide marks, and keep the children back from the still deep pools, for the crocodile waits without moving for days and takes the careless one in a single silent rush.

kuku:
Bilngkumu nyulu minya nyubun bama mukul yinilman bananga, jana milbin kuku junkurr: kariku bana-nga bada bayan bunga, kari bana nyubunmuny jambulku mani, jalkar nyaji nyulu jina-jarrba, karrkay-karrkay bada karrba bana janka dukurr-bu bajakumuny, bilngkumu maku-janal kari murninya wungar wubulku bama binal-kari nyubun dandi-bu manil.

analysis:
bilngkumu nyulu minya nyubun bama mukul yinil-ma-ny bana-nga, jana milbi-ny kuku junkurr: kariku bana-nga bada bayan bunga, kari bana nyubun-muny jambul-ku mani, jalkar nyaji nyulu jina-jarrba, karrkay-karrkay bada karrba bana janka dukurr-bu bajaku-muny, bilngkumu maku-jana-l kari murni-nya wungar wubul-ku bama binal-kari nyubun dandi-bu mani-l | crocodile it creature one people old fear water-LOC, they taught rules strict: never water-edge at camp make, NEG water one-from twice take, bank watch its slide-mark, children back keep water still deep most-from, crocodile waits NEG moves days all person careless one silently-INST takes


frame: fauna
words_used: ["danbal", "balarri", "wungar", "marra-warri", "makarr", "dukurr", "kuyu", "dakwuy"]
loans_used: []
evidence: nyungu-nga LOC(a); dukurr-bu LOC; danbal 'kingfish'; the-fish-run-season
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:17:20.295886+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:22:22.593599+00:00
english:
When the kingfish and the queenfish run in their season the whole shore camp works from dawn to dark, the men setting the nets in the channel and the women and children taking them from the shallows, and everyone smokes and dries the great catch for the lean months, for the run lasts only a few weeks and a camp that misses it will go hungry later.

kuku:
Danbal balarri baja jana wungar nyungunga marra-warrinya jalun-bayan wubulku kirrajin muduwajumuny wujurrku, dingkar makarr bana-dukurr-bu yijarril jalbu karrkay-karrkay baja bana-buban manil, bama wubulku kubu-manil kiway-manil kuyu yalbay wungar dakwuynka, marra-warri nganga wungar buban janay bayan nyulu bawanya dakwuy-manda baja.

analysis:
danbal balarri baja jana wungar nyungu-nga marra-warri-nya jalun-bayan wubul-ku kirraji-ny muduwaju-muny wujurr-ku, dingkar makarr bana-dukurr-bu yijarri-l jalbu karrkay-karrkay baja bana-buban mani-l, bama wubul-ku kubu-ma-ni-l kiway-ma-ni-l kuyu yalbay wungar dakwuy-nka, marra-warri nganga wungar buban jana-y bayan nyulu bawa-nya dakwuy-ma-nda baja | kingfish queenfish too they season its-LOC run-SUB shore-camp all worked dawn-from dark-to, men net channel-inside set women children too shallows take, people all smoke dry fish big season hunger-for, run just weeks few lasts camp it misses-SUB hungry-becomes too


frame: fauna
words_used: ["kiju", "janku", "dukurr", "jalun", "karrbal", "kuku-mula", "milbil", "junkurr"]
loans_used: []
evidence: dukurr-bu LOC; kiju 'mudcrab'; respect-the-strength-of-the-small
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:17:20.295886+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The mudcrab hides in the mangrove holes at low tide, and catching it takes a careful hand and a quick one, for it will grip a finger with a claw that can break the bone, and the old woman showed the girl to take it from behind across the back where the claws cannot reach, and to respect the strength of a creature so small.

kuku:
Kiju juku-bana-janku dukurr-bu buyan jalun bada, maninka mara maku-janal warri baja, nyulu mara nyubun karrbal jalan-bu nyulu kuku-mula kakalmu, wulbumanangka karrkay-jalbu milbin karra-dukurrmuny muku naka-naka wanja jalan kariku manil, minya buban bajaku nyungu junkurr yukil-bungalka.

analysis:
kiju juku-bana-janku dukurr-bu buya-ny jalun bada, mani-nka mara maku-jana-l warri baja, nyulu mara nyubun karrba-l jalan-bu nyulu kuku-mula kaka-l-mu, wulbuman-angka karrkay-jalbu milbi-ny karra-dukurr-muny muku naka-naka wanja jalan kariku mani-l, minya buban bajaku nyungu junkurr yukil-bunga-nka | mudcrab mangrove-hole inside hides tide low, catch-DAT hand patient fast too, it finger one grips claw-INST it bone break-POSS, old.woman girl showed behind-from back across where claw never reaches, creature small most its strength honor-DAT


frame: fauna
words_used: ["wuli-wuli", "janyul", "naka-naka", "jilbay", "karrkay", "wukurril", "yajarril", "janku"]
loans_used: []
evidence: wuli-wuli 'soldier crab'; even-the-crabs-have-their-law
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:17:20.295886+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T10:14:40.074257+00:00
english:
The soldier crabs come up in their thousands and march across the wet sand flat all facing one way like a moving army, and the children love to watch them and chase them down into their spiral holes, and the old man laughs and says even the crabs have their law, for see how they all turn together and none goes against the rest.

kuku:
Wuli-wuli jana kadan wubul-yalbay jukar duna-nga naka-naka jilban nyubun-mundu wubulku minya-balbil murni-mabi yala, karrkay-karrkay wawu-minibu nyajil jana wukurril jana janku-wuralmundu, mukulungku dingkarangka yajarrin balkan kiju baja nyungu kuku, nyaji jana wubulku nyubunji murninya yamba nyubun kari yindu-mundu dungay.

analysis:
wuli-wuli jana kada-ny wubul-yalbay jukar duna-nga naka-naka jilba-ny nyubun-mundu wubul-ku minya-balbi-l murni-mabi yala, karrkay-karrkay wawu-mini-bu nyaji-l jana wukurri-l jana janku-wural-mundu, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka yajarri-ny balka-ny kiju baja nyungu kuku, nyaji jana wubul-ku nyubun-ji murni-nya yamba nyubun kari yindu-mundu dunga-y | soldier.crabs they came thousands sand wet-flat across walked one-toward all army moving-like as, children happily watch them chase them hole-spiral-toward, old man laughs says crabs too their law, see they all together turn-SUB thing one NEG other-toward goes


frame: fauna
words_used: ["kurrija", "janku", "dukurr", "kulji", "murni", "milbil", "nyajil", "binal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: dukurr-bu LOC; kurrija 'octopus'; the-eye-learns-to-catch-the-octopus
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:17:20.295886+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The octopus hides in the reef pools and changes its color to match the rock so you can walk right past it, but the old woman taught the girl to watch for the one wrong shape among the stones and the slow curl of an arm, and once you see it you never lose the trick, for the eye learns to catch what does not quite belong.

kuku:
Kurrija jalun-ba-janku dukurr-bu buyan nyungu nganja-jarray murni-manil kulji yala yundu ngunju jilbanya, wulbumanangka karrkay-jalbu milbin nyajinka yamba nyubun yukil-kari kulji dukurr-bu mara buban-buban murninya, yundu nyajinya kariku binal bawal, miyil binalman maninka yamba nyulu kari yukil janji.

analysis:
kurrija jalun-ba-janku dukurr-bu buya-ny nyungu nganja-jarray murni-ma-ni-l kulji yala yundu ngunju jilba-nya, wulbuman-angka karrkay-jalbu milbi-ny nyaji-nka yamba nyubun yukil-kari kulji dukurr-bu mara buban-buban murni-nya, yundu nyaji-nya kariku binal bawa-l, miyil binal-ma-ny mani-nka yamba nyulu kari yukil karra | octopus reef-pool inside hides its color changes stone like you past walk-SUB, old.woman girl showed watch-DAT thing one wrong stones among arm slowly curls-SUB, you see-SUB never knowledge lose, eye learned catch-DAT thing it NEG right sits


frame: fauna
words_used: ["jarba", "jilbay", "milbil", "karrkay", "baykal", "jina", "baral", "dayal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: jarba 'snake'; janku-kari-nga LOC(a); step-around-a-snake-never-over
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:17:20.295886+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The old people always step around a snake, never over it, and teach this to the smallest child before it can even walk far, for the snake asks only to be left alone and will strike only when trodden on or cornered, and a person who watches the ground and gives the snake its road will grow old having never once been bitten.

kuku:
Bama mukul yabarrka jarba ngundu-mundu jilbal, kariku wangkar-mundu, milbil yinya karrkay buban ngadiku nyulu kalbay jilbanya, jarba nyulu nganga bawanka wawu-karrba nyulu baykal nganga yundu jina-mandanya yambada janku-karinga, bama nyulu bubu nyajil jarbanka baral dayal nyulu mukul-manda kariku nyubun baykanmuny.

analysis:
bama mukul yabarrka jarba ngundu-mundu jilba-l, kariku wangkar-mundu, milbi-l yinya karrkay buban ngadiku nyulu kalbay jilba-nya, jarba nyulu nganga bawa-nka wawu-karrba nyulu bayka-l nganga yundu jina-ma-nda-nya yambada janku-kari-nga, bama nyulu bubu nyaji-l jarba-nka baral daya-l nyulu mukul-ma-nda kariku nyubun bayka-ny-muny | people old always snake around walk, never over, teach this child small before it far walks-SUB, snake it just leave-DAT wants it bites only you tread-SUB or cornered-LOC, person he ground watches snake-for road gives he grows.old never once bitten-ABL


frame: fauna
words_used: ["bajalji", "darrba", "kulngu", "juku", "wunay", "baykal", "jarba", "balbil"]
loans_used: []
evidence: bajalji 'python'; darrba 'wallaby'; the-python-teaches-stillness
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:17:20.295886+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The big rock python is slow and heavy and takes the small wallabies and bandicoots by lying still along a branch or a log until one passes close, then striking and wrapping it fast, and the old man told the boy this is not a snake to fear but one to watch and learn from, for it teaches the deepest lesson of the hunt: perfect stillness, perfect patience.

kuku:
Bajalji bada dandi baja darrba buban kulngu baja manil juku-mara juku-mukul baja wangkar wunay maku-janal dukul nyubun ngundu-mundu jilbanya, yalada baykal warri karra-dukurr karrbal, mukulungku dingkarangka buban balkan yinya jarba kari yinilmanka yambada nyajinka binalmanka, nyulu milbil ngadiku balbilmu: janka bajaku, maku-janal bajaku.

analysis:
bajalji bada dandi baja darrba buban kulngu baja mani-l juku-mara juku-mukul baja wangkar wuna-y maku-jana-l dukul nyubun ngundu-mundu jilba-nya, yala-da bayka-l warri karra-dukurr karrba-l, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka buban balka-ny yinya jarba kari yinil-ma-nka yambada nyaji-nka binal-ma-nka, nyulu milbi-l ngadiku balbi-l-mu: janka bajaku, maku-jana-l bajaku | python slow heavy too wallaby small bandicoot too takes branch log too along lies waits at.last one near passes-SUB, then bites fast head-behind grips, old man boy said this snake NEG fear-DAT but watch-DAT learn-DAT, it teaches deepest hunt-POSS: stillness most, patience most


frame: fauna
words_used: ["jadi", "warri", "bubu", "juku", "wukurril", "milbil", "yaral", "binal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: jadi 'sand goanna'; cut-the-goanna-off-from-the-trees
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:17:20.295886+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T10:14:40.074257+00:00
english:
The sand goanna runs fast on the open ground but always makes for a tree when chased, and the trick the old man taught was never to chase it toward a tree but to cut it off from the timber and turn it into the open, where a person can run it down, and this is why you must know the country and where every tree stands before the chase begins.

kuku:
Jadi warri bubu-yaral yambada juku-mundu dungay wukurrinya, mukulungku dingkarangka milbin kariku juku-mundu wukurri yambada juku-muny karra yaral-mundu wandiman, wanja bama warril, yinya yundu bubu binal juku wubulku wanja janan ngadiku wukurri kadalmu.

analysis:
jadi warri bubu-yaral yambada juku-mundu dunga-y wukurri-nya, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka milbi-ny kariku juku-mundu wukurri yambada juku-muny karra yaral-mundu wandi-ma-ny, wanja bama warri-l, yinya yundu bubu binal juku wubul-ku wanja jana-ny ngadiku wukurri kada-l-mu | sand.goanna runs fast open.ground but tree-toward goes chased-SUB, old man taught never tree-toward chase but timber-from cut open-toward turn, where person runs.down, that you country know trees all where stand before chase comes-DAT


frame: fauna
words_used: ["bajabaja", "jinbi", "jarba", "baykal", "yinil", "karrkay", "milbil", "kuku"]
loans_used: []
evidence: bajabaja 'blue-tongue'; the-loud-show-is-often-weakest
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:17:20.295886+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The blue-tongue lizard is slow and gentle and does no harm, and when it opens its wide blue mouth it is only bluffing, for it has no bite worth fearing, and the old woman used it to teach the children that a loud show is often the weakest thing, and the truly dangerous creature, like the quiet snake, gives no warning at all.

kuku:
Bajabaja bada kima yamba nyubun kari mumbu-bungal, nyulu nyungu ngandal yalbay jarrba kajanya nyulu nganga kanban-balkal, nyulu baykal-kari yinilmanka, wulbumanangka yinya kirrajin karrkay-karrkay milbinka kuku-yalbay yabarrka minya buban-buban baja, minya yinil bajaku, jarba dandi yala, nyulu yamba nyubun kari milbil.

analysis:
bajabaja bada kima yamba nyubun kari mumbu-bunga-l, nyulu nyungu ngandal yalbay jarrba kaja-nya nyulu nganga kanban-balka-l, nyulu bayka-l-kari yinil-ma-nka, wulbuman-angka yinya kirraji-ny karrkay-karrkay milbi-nka kuku-yalbay yabarrka minya buban-buban baja, minya yinil bajaku, jarba dandi yala, nyulu yamba nyubun kari milbi-l | blue-tongue slow gentle thing one NEG harms, it its mouth big blue opens-SUB it just falsely-speaks, it bite-less fear-DAT, old.woman that used children teach-DAT loud-word often thing weakest too, creature dangerous most, snake quiet like, it thing one NEG warns


frame: fauna
words_used: ["jarrabina", "majaji", "juku", "wunay", "wukurril", "balbil", "jarrakulbal", "yamba-kari"]
loans_used: []
evidence: jarrabina 'tree kangaroo'; take-few-of-the-slow-breeders
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:17:20.295886+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The tree kangaroo lives high in the rainforest canopy and moves slowly through the branches at night, and it is very hard to find and harder to take, so a hunter who brings one home is greatly praised, but the old people say never take too many, for they are few and slow to breed and a country can be emptied of them in one careless generation.

kuku:
Jarrabina majaji-juku wangkar bada wunay buban-buban juku-mara wukurril wujurr, nyulu nyajinka dandi bajaku maninka junkurr baja, balbi-bama nyulu nyubun bayan-mundu jarrakulban yulmbarril yalbay, bama mukul balkan kariku wubul mani, jana buban jana buban-manda kari jiwarril bubu jana-muny yamba-kari-manda nyubun wungar binal-karibu.

analysis:
jarrabina majaji-juku wangkar bada wuna-y buban-buban juku-mara wukurri-l wujurr, nyulu nyaji-nka dandi bajaku mani-nka junkurr baja, balbi-bama nyulu nyubun bayan-mundu jarrakulba-ny yulmbarril yalbay, bama mukul balka-ny kariku wubul mani, jana buban jana buban-ma-nda kari jiwarri-l bubu jana-muny yamba-kari-ma-nda nyubun wungar binal-kari-bu | tree.kangaroo rainforest-tree high above lives slowly branches moves night, it see-DAT hard most take-DAT strong too, hunter he one home carried praised big, people old say never many take, they few they slowly NEG breed country them-of empty-becomes one generation careless-INST


frame: fauna
words_used: ["yawa", "kunya", "miyil", "baya", "juku", "balbil", "wumbul", "kudamundu"]
loans_used: []
evidence: juku-nga LOC(u)->jukungu FIX; yawa 'possum'; hunting-the-possum-by-its-eyeshine
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:17:20.295886+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The possum comes out only at night and its eyes shine back at you when the firelight catches them in the tree, and the old man taught the boys to hunt it by that shine but only to take what was needed, and he told them the possum's thick warm fur made the best sleeping cloaks, so nothing of it was ever wasted, not the fur, the meat, or the sinew.

kuku:
Yawa wandin nganga wujurr nyungu miyil yilba-manil yundu-mundu baya-wula karrbanya jukungu, mukulungku dingkarangka warru-warru milbin yilba ngunduku balbinka nganga wanya yukilmuny mani, nyulu balkan yawa nyungu jindi junkurr wumbul kirrajin wuna-kambi yukil bajaku, yamba nyubun kari kudamundu, kari jindi minya wandul baja.

analysis:
yawa wandi-ny nganga wujurr nyungu miyil yilba-ma-ni-l yundu-mundu baya-wula karrba-nya juku-ngu, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka warru-warru milbi-ny yilba ngundu-ku balbi-nka nganga wanya yukil-muny mani, nyulu balka-ny yawa nyungu jindi junkurr wumbul kirraji-ny wuna-kambi yukil bajaku, yamba nyubun kari kudamundu, kari jindi minya wandul baja | possum comes.out only night its eyes shine you-toward firelight catches-SUB tree-LOC, old man young.men taught shine near-DAT hunt-DAT just what needed take, he said possum its fur thick warm made sleeping-cloak best, thing one NEG wasted, NEG fur meat fat too


frame: fauna
words_used: ["ngangkin", "junkurr", "jiran", "yinil", "bakal", "warri", "binal", "kunil"]
loans_used: []
evidence: ngangkin 'echidna'; the-echidna-becomes-untakeable
status: accepted
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:17:20.295886+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-03T07:20:42.931658+00:00
english:
The echidna rolls itself into a tight ball of spines when it is frightened and buries itself down into the hard ground faster than a person can dig, and the old woman told the children it is the wisest of the small creatures, for it never fights and never flees in panic, it simply becomes a thing that cannot be taken, and lives a long slow life because of it.

kuku:
Ngangkin nyulu-nyulu junkurr-manil buban-buban jalngkun-yalbay nyulu yinilnya bubu junkurr-mundu bakan warri bamamuny, wulbumanangka karrkay-karrkay balkan nyulu binal yukil minya buban-bubanmuny, nyulu kariku kunin kari warri yinil-bu, nyulu nganga yamba manil-kari-manda, wawu kalbay bada kirrajin yinyamu.

analysis:
ngangkin nyulu-nyulu junkurr-ma-ni-l buban-buban jalngkun-yalbay nyulu yinil-nya bubu junkurr-mundu baka-ny warri bama-muny, wulbuman-angka karrkay-karrkay balka-ny nyulu binal yukil minya buban-buban-muny, nyulu kariku kuni-ny kari warri yinil-bu, nyulu nganga yamba mani-l-kari-ma-nda, wawu kalbay bada kirraji-ny yinya-mu | echidna itself hardens ball-big spine-big it frightened-SUB ground hard-into digs fast person-ABL, old.woman children said it wise best creatures small-of, it never fights NEG flees fear-INST, it just thing take-not-becomes, life long slow lives that-POSS


frame: fauna
words_used: ["kulngu", "janku", "bakal", "bubu", "jambun", "balbil", "jina", "ngaral"]
loans_used: []
evidence: kulngu 'bandicoot'; bubu-nga LOC(a); every-creature-writes-its-night-on-the-ground
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:17:20.295886+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The bandicoot digs its little cone-shaped holes all through the soft ground at night hunting for grubs and roots, and in the morning you can read the whole story of its night in the fresh diggings, and the old man used this to teach the boys to read tracks, for every creature writes its night on the ground and a good tracker reads it like talk.

kuku:
Kulngu janku buban-buban jalngkun-mabi bakan bubu jinbal wubulku wujurr jambun ngara baja balbinka, muduwajungu yundu binalka nyungu wujurr wubulku jina-jirakalba, mukulungku dingkarangka yinya kirrajin warru-warru milbin jina nyajinka, minya nyubun wubulku nyungu wujurr bubungu jarral bama jina-binal ngaral kuku yala.

analysis:
kulngu janku buban-buban jalngkun-mabi baka-ny bubu jinbal wubul-ku wujurr jambun ngara baja balbi-nka, muduwaju-ngu yundu binal-ka nyungu wujurr wubul-ku jina-jirakal-ba, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka yinya kirraji-ny warru-warru milbi-ny jina nyaji-nka, minya nyubun wubul-ku nyungu wujurr bubu-ngu jarra-l bama jina-binal ngara-l kuku yala | bandicoot holes small cone-like dug ground soft all night grub root too hunt-for, dawn-LOC you read-DAT its night all track-fresh-LOC, old man that used young.men taught track read-DAT, creature each its night ground-LOC writes person track-reader reads word like


frame: fauna
words_used: ["murramu", "balbil", "jawun", "nyaji-way", "bubu", "wujurr", "darrba", "ngaral"]
loans_used: []
evidence: wujurr-bu LOC; nyaji-wan RECIP; murramu 'dingo'; the-dingo-hunts-like-a-family
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:17:20.295886+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T03:50:48.615824+00:00
english:
The dingo hunts in a family the way people do, the old man said, and its long call in the night is how the scattered ones find each other again across the dark country, and though we do not hunt beside it, we watch it and learn from it, for it reads the wallaby and the country as well as any hunter and wastes nothing that it takes.

kuku:
Murramu balbil jawun-karra yala bama bungal, mukulungku dingkarangka balkan, nyungu kuku kalbay wujurr jana yindu-yindu nyaji-wanmu baja bubu wujurr-bu, ngana kari nyunji balbil, ngana nyajil binalman nyungumuny, nyulu darrba bubu baja ngaral ngulkurr balbi-bama yala kari kudamundu manilmuny.

analysis:
murramu balbi-l jawun-karra yala bama bunga-l, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka balka-ny, nyungu kuku kalbay wujurr jana yindu-yindu nyaji-wa-ny-mu baja bubu wujurr-bu, ngana kari nyun-ji balbi-l, ngana nyaji-l binal-ma-ny nyungu-muny, nyulu darrba bubu baja ngara-l ngulkurr balbi-bama yala kari kudamundu mani-l-muny | dingo hunts family like people does, old man said, its call long night they scattered find.each.other-for too country dark-inside, we NEG it-with hunt, we watch learn it-from, it wallaby country too reads well hunter like NEG wastes takes-ABL


frame: fauna
words_used: ["kambi", "bayan", "juku", "wawubaja", "marra-warri", "kunarangkal", "jiri", "kulbul"]
loans_used: []
evidence: kambi 'flying fox'; jiri 'sky'; the-flying-foxes-lead-to-the-ripe-fruit
status: accepted
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:17:20.295886+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-03T07:20:42.931658+00:00
english:
The flying foxes camp in their thousands in the big trees by the river and fly out at dusk in a great dark river across the sky to the fruiting country, and the old people read their flight to know where the fruit was ripening, for the flying foxes always find the sweet trees first and lead the watching people straight to them.

kuku:
Kambi jana bayan wubul-yalbay juku yalbay wawubaja ngunduku marra-warrin kunarangkal wawubaja wujurr yalbay jiri naka-naka mayi-bubu-mundu, bama mukul jana marra-warri ngaran binalka wanja mayi kulbul-mandanya, kambi yabarrka juku jiba-wulay ngadiku manil bama nyaji-bama murni jana-mundu jilbaman.

analysis:
kambi jana bayan wubul-yalbay juku yalbay wawubaja ngundu-ku marra-warri-ny kunarangkal wawubaja wujurr yalbay jiri naka-naka mayi-bubu-mundu, bama mukul jana marra-warri ngara-ny binal-ka wanja mayi kulbul-ma-nda-nya, kambi yabarrka juku jiba-wulay ngadiku mani-l bama nyaji-bama murni jana-mundu jilba-ma-ny | flying.foxes they camp thousands tree big river near flew dusk river dark big sky across fruit-country-toward, people old their flight read know-DAT where fruit ripens-SUB, flying.foxes always tree sweet first find people watching straight them-toward led


frame: fauna
words_used: ["wunba", "dabu", "nyajil", "bana", "wukurril", "marra-warri", "jina", "jiba-wulay"]
loans_used: []
evidence: bana-nga LOC(a); dabu 'bee'; following-the-bee-to-the-honey
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:17:20.295886+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
To find honey the old man watched a single bee drink at the water then followed the straight line of its heavy flight home to the tree, and he said the bee cannot lie about the way to its own nest, so a patient watcher is always led true, and this is the oldest kind of tracking, following the small one to the sweetness it guards.

kuku:
Wunba maninka mukulungku dingkarangka dabu nyubun nyajin janga bananga yalada wukurrin nyungu marra-warri junkurr murni bayan-mundu juku-mundu, nyulu balkan dabu kariku balka-kari-bungal baral nyungu janku-mundu, bama maku-janal yabarrka murni jilbaman, yinya jina-binal ngadiku, minya buban wukurril jiba-wulay nyulu karrbalmuny.

analysis:
wunba mani-nka mukul-ungku dingkar-angka dabu nyubun nyaji-ny janga bana-nga yala-da wukurri-ny nyungu marra-warri junkurr murni bayan-mundu juku-mundu, nyulu balka-ny dabu kariku balka-kari-bunga-l baral nyungu janku-mundu, bama maku-jana-l yabarrka murni jilba-ma-ny, yinya jina-binal ngadiku, minya buban wukurri-l jiba-wulay nyulu karrba-l-muny | honey get-DAT old man bee one watched drink water-LOC then followed its flight heavy straight home-toward tree-toward, he said bee never lies road its nest-toward, person patient always straight led, that tracking oldest, creature small follows sweetness it guards-ABL


frame: fauna
words_used: ["munjurr", "bina", "juku", "kunil", "ngambuy", "nganja", "buyun", "kalbal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: munjurr 'green ant'; the-green-ants'-medicine-gift
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:17:20.295886+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-03T07:55:11.924773+00:00
english:
The green ants build their leaf-nests high in the trees and defend them fiercely, and their bodies are sharp and sour on the tongue but good for a sick person's throat, and the old woman showed the girl to take a nest quickly and get away fast, and to thank the ants for the medicine, for even the smallest biting thing has its gift to give.

kuku:
Munjurr jana birra-bayan wangkar juku bungal jana kunin junkurr-bu, jana janka jalngkun ngambuy nganja-mundu yambada yukil bama buyun manu-nka, wulbumanangka karrkay-jalbu milbin birra-bayan warri mani warri dungay, munjurrnka wawu-mini kalbalmu, minya baykal buban-buban baja nyungu daji dayalmu.

analysis:
munjurr jana birra-bayan wangkar juku bunga-l jana kuni-ny junkurr-bu, jana janka jalngkun ngambuy nganja-mundu yambada yukil bama buyun manu-nka, wulbuman-angka karrkay-jalbu milbi-ny birra-bayan warri mani warri dunga-y, munjurr-nka wawu-mini kalbal-mu, minya bayka-l buban-buban baja nyungu daji daya-l-mu | green.ants they leaf-nest above tree make they defend strong-INST, their body sharp sour tongue-toward but good person sick throat-for, old.woman girl showed leaf-nest fast take fast go, green.ants-for thanks medicine-POSS, creature biting small too its gift gives-POSS


frame: fauna
words_used: ["diri-diri", "baykal", "waja", "wungar", "kubu", "kala-kalbay", "muyar", "jiwarril"]
loans_used: []
evidence: nyungu-nga LOC(a); diri-diri 'sandfly'; smoking-out-the-biting-flies
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:17:20.295886+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T10:14:40.074257+00:00
english:
When the biting sandflies and the march flies come thick in their season the camp burns green leaves to make a smoke that keeps them off, and the old people knew exactly which plants made the best insect-smoke, and they moved the camp to the breezy points away from the still swampy ground where the biting things breed in their millions.

kuku:
Diri-diri baykal waja baja jana wungar nyungunga junkurr kadanya bayan juku jinbal kubu-manin bungan jana kala-kalbay karrbal, bama mukul binal juku wanyu kubu yukil bajaku bungal, jana bayan muyar-a murni-manin bubu-yaral janka-muny wanja minya-baykal wubul-yalbay jiwarril.

analysis:
diri-diri bayka-l waja baja jana wungar nyungu-nga junkurr kada-nya bayan juku jinbal kubu-ma-ni-ny bunga-ny jana kala-kalbay karrba-l, bama mukul binal juku wanyu kubu yukil bajaku bunga-l, jana bayan muyar-a murni-ma-ni-ny bubu-yaral janka-muny wanja minya-bayka-l wubul-yalbay jiwarri-l | sandflies biting march.fly too they season its-LOC thick come-SUB camp leaves green smoke made made them far.away keeps, people old know plants which smoke best make, they camp breezy-point-toward moved swamp still-from where biting-creatures thousands breed


frame: fauna
words_used: ["jambun", "wandul", "juku", "wunay", "mayi", "jiba-wulay", "ngunjil", "milbil"]
loans_used: []
evidence: ngunjil-ba LOC(l); jambun 'grub'; the-sweet-wood-grub
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:17:20.295886+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The fat white grub that lives deep in the rotting wood is one of the sweetest foods in the country, eaten alive and fresh or lightly warmed on the coals, and the old woman taught the children which trees hold them and how to split the wood along the grain to find the tunnel, and it was always the little ones who got the first taste, laughing.

kuku:
Jambun wandul-jaji bana juku-kilba bada bajaku wunay nyulu mayi jiba-wulay ngadiku bubu wubulku, nukal jirakal yambada buban-buban wumbul-manin ngunjilba, wulbumanangka karrkay-karrkay milbin juku wanyu karrbal yala juku kakanka wukurr-mundu janku maninka, yabarrka karrkay buban jana nganja ngadiku manin, yajarrinya.

analysis:
jambun wandul-jaji bana juku-kilba bada bajaku wuna-y nyulu mayi jiba-wulay ngadiku bubu wubul-ku, nuka-l jirakal yambada buban-buban wumbul-ma-ni-ny ngunjil-ba, wulbuman-angka karrkay-karrkay milbi-ny juku wanyu karrba-l yala juku kaka-nka wukurr-mundu janku mani-nka, yabarrka karrkay buban jana nganja ngadiku mani-ny, yajarri-nya | grub fat-white rotting.wood deep most lives it food sweet best country all, eaten alive but lightly warmed coals-LOC, old.woman children showed trees which hold how wood split-DAT grain-toward tunnel find-DAT, always children small they taste first got, laughing-SUB


frame: fauna
words_used: ["wurarr-wurarr", "bubu", "bana", "milbil", "jilbay", "dakwuy", "wukurril", "nyunbay"]
loans_used: []
evidence: ngundu-ku LOC; wurarr-wurarr 'dragonfly'; the-dragonfly-marks-water
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:17:20.295886+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:22:22.593599+00:00
english:
The dragonfly hovering over a dry gully means there is water somewhere near, the old man taught, for it never strays far from the pools where its young grow, so a thirsty traveller who sees one should follow the direction it keeps returning to, and this small bright creature has saved the lives of people lost in the dry country more than once.

kuku:
Wurarr-wurarr murninya bubu-jandu kiway-kiway ngunduku yala bana wanja ngundu, mukulungku dingkarangka milbin, nyulu kariku kala-kalbay dungay bana ngundumuny wanja nyungu buban jarray, jilba-bama bana-dakwuy nyulu nyajinya nyulu wukurri wanja-mundu nyulu nyunban-nyunban, minya buban yilbay yinya bama wula-manin kiway-kiway bubu-mundu jambulmuny baja.

analysis:
wurarr-wurarr murni-nya bubu-jandu kiway-kiway ngundu-ku yala bana wanja ngundu, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka milbi-ny, nyulu kariku kala-kalbay dunga-y bana ngundu-muny wanja nyungu buban jarra-y, jilba-bama bana-dakwuy nyulu nyaji-nya nyulu wukurri wanja-mundu nyulu nyunba-ny-nyunba-ny, minya buban yilbay yinya bama wula-ma-ni-ny kiway-kiway bubu-mundu jambul-muny baja | dragonfly hovers gully dry near-LOC as water where near, old man taught, it never far.away goes water near-from where its young grow, traveller water-hungry he sees-SUB he follow where-toward it returns-returns, creature small bright that people saved dry country-toward twice-ABL too


frame: fauna
words_used: ["binanjal", "jarrba", "naka-naka", "dakal", "yinil", "nyajil", "dingkar", "warri"]
loans_used: []
evidence: muku-jina-nga LOC(a); binanjal 'frill-neck'; all-frill-and-noise
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:17:20.295886+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The frill-necked lizard spreads its great collar wide and rises up on its back legs and hisses to look big and fierce, but it is all show and cannot hurt you, and the old man laughed and said it was just like a certain kind of man he had known, all frill and noise and running away the moment you stand your ground and do not blink.

kuku:
Binanjal nyungu jarrba yalbay naka-naka kajal dakan muku-jina-nga janan kuku junkurr balkan yalbay yinil nyaji-manilka, yambada nganga janka nyulu yundu kari mumbu-bungal, mukulungku dingkarangka yajarrin balkan nyulu dingkar nyubun yala nyulu binalmuny, jarrba kuku-yalbay baja warri dungay yundu bubu karra miyil kari wujurr-mandanya.

analysis:
binanjal nyungu jarrba yalbay naka-naka kaja-l daka-ny muku-jina-nga jana-ny kuku junkurr balka-ny yalbay yinil nyaji-ma-ni-nka, yambada nganga janka nyulu yundu kari mumbu-bunga-l, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka yajarri-ny balka-ny nyulu dingkar nyubun yala nyulu binal-muny, jarrba kuku-yalbay baja warri dunga-y yundu bubu karra miyil kari wujurr-ma-nda-nya | frill-neck its collar big wide spreads climbs back-leg-LOC stands sound fierce makes big fierce look-DAT, but just show it you NEG harms, old man laughed said it man one like he knew-ABL, frill loud too fast goes you ground stand eye NEG closes-SUB


frame: fauna
words_used: ["buyi", "binal", "majaji", "dukurr", "karrkay", "milbil", "jaka", "dukunjulu"]
loans_used: []
evidence: junkurr-bu LOC; ngundu-ka LOC; knowing-the-country-by-its-voices
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:17:20.295886+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The old woman knew every bird by its call alone, even in the thick scrub where you could not see them, and she taught the children to close their eyes and name each voice, the friarbird's harsh chatter, the whistler's sweet falling note, the pigeon's soft coo, for she said a person who knows the voices of the country is never truly alone in it.

kuku:
Wulbumanangka buyi wubulku binal nyungu kuku nganga, majaji junkurr-bu baja wanja yundu kariku nyajil, nyulu karrkay-karrkay milbin miyil kajanka buyi wubulku kuku kunjanka, jaka nyungu kuku dandi, dukunjulu jiba-wulay bada-mabi, bakamu nyungu kuku kima, nyulu balkan bama nyulu bubu kuku binal nyulu kariku nganga bajaku ngunduka.

analysis:
wulbuman-angka buyi wubul-ku binal nyungu kuku nganga, majaji junkurr-bu baja wanja yundu kariku nyaji-l, nyulu karrkay-karrkay milbi-ny miyil kaja-nka buyi wubul-ku kuku kunja-nka, jaka nyungu kuku dandi, dukunjulu jiba-wulay bada-mabi, bakamu nyungu kuku kima, nyulu balka-ny bama nyulu bubu kuku binal nyulu kariku nganga bajaku ngundu-ka | old.woman birds all knew their call alone, scrub thick-inside too where you never see, she children taught eyes close-DAT birds all voice name-DAT, friarbird its call harsh, whistler sweet falling-like, pigeon its call soft, she said person he country voices knows he never alone very in-LOC


frame: fauna
words_used: ["minya", "ngaral", "bana-wungar", "munjurr", "kuyu", "buyi", "marra-warri", "badi"]
loans_used: []
evidence: kija-nga LOC(a); reading-the-animals-for-weather
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:17:20.295886+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:22:22.593599+00:00
english:
The old people read the animals for the weather better than any sign in the sky: when the ants carry their eggs to high ground and the fish stop biting and the birds fly low and restless and the frogs begin to call in the dry gullies, the big rain is a day or two away, and a wise camp moves its gear up under good cover before it comes.

kuku:
Bama mukul minya ngaral bana-wungarnka ngulkurr-baja yamba jiri-mabimuny: munjurr jana jamal wangkar-mundu jarrakulbal kuyu baykal dumbal buyi bada janka-kari marra-warril diburr-kaya badi bubu-jandu kiwaymba, bana yalbay wungar jambul baja kala-kalbay, bayan binal nyungu yamba wangkar birra bada murni-manil ngadiku kadanya.

analysis:
bama mukul minya ngara-l bana-wungar-nka ngulkurr-baja yamba jiri-mabi-muny: munjurr jana jamal wangkar-mundu jarrakulba-l kuyu bayka-l dumba-l buyi bada janka-kari marra-warri-l diburr-kaya badi bubu-jandu kiway-mba, bana yalbay wungar jambul baja kala-kalbay, bayan binal nyungu yamba wangkar birra bada murni-ma-ni-l ngadiku kada-nya | people old animals read weather-for better thing sky-sign-from: green.ants they eggs high-toward carry fish biting stop birds low restless fly frog-croak cry gully dry-LOC, rain big day two too far.away, camp wise its gear up cover under moves before comes-SUB


frame: fauna
words_used: ["buyi", "ngaral", "milka", "balkal", "kada", "warru", "yajarril", "wawu"]
loans_used: []
evidence: ngundu-ku LOC; the-birds-that-carry-news
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:17:20.295886+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
There were bird calls the old people listened for with particular care, for certain ones were said to carry news of a visitor coming, or of a death somewhere far off, and though the young might laugh, the old man would only say quietly that he had heard these things prove true too many times across a long life to dismiss them.

kuku:
Buyi-kuku nyubun-nyubun bama mukul ngaran milka-yukilbu, buyi nyubun-nyubun balkan bama-yindu kadalmuny kuku jarrakulbal, yambada wula-bama kala-kalbay ngunduku, warru jana yajarrinya baja, mukulungku dingkarangka nganga balkan dandi-bu nyulu ngaran yinya yamba yukil-manda wubul-baja wawu kalbaymuny kari bawanka.

analysis:
buyi-kuku nyubun-nyubun bama mukul ngara-ny milka-yukil-bu, buyi nyubun-nyubun balka-ny bama-yindu kada-l-muny kuku jarrakulba-l, yambada wula-bama kala-kalbay ngundu-ku, warru jana yajarri-nya baja, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka nganga balka-ny dandi-bu nyulu ngara-ny yinya yamba yukil-ma-nda wubul-baja wawu kalbay-muny kari bawa-nka | bird-calls certain people old heard carefully, birds certain said visitor coming-about news carry, or dead-person far.away near-LOC, young they laugh-SUB too, old man just said quietly he heard those thing true-become many.times life long-ABL NEG dismiss-DAT


frame: fauna
words_used: ["minya", "darrba", "kuyu", "ngawuya", "dayal", "murramu", "bajalji", "balbil"]
loans_used: []
evidence: kawul 'eagle'; three-kinds-of-creature: food/left/teacher
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:17:20.295886+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:23:37.213746+00:00
english:
The old man divided all the creatures for the boy into those you take for food, those you never touch, and those you only watch and learn from: the wallaby and the fish and the turtle feed the camp, certain birds and the small quiet ones are left alone, and the dingo and the eagle and the python are teachers, hunters to study, never rivals to kill.

kuku:
Mukulungku dingkarangka minya wubulku buban buban-manin jananka nukal-minyanka, jananka kariku karrbal, jananka nyaji binalman nganga: darrba kuyu ngawuya baja bayan dayal, buyi nyubun-nyubun minya buban dandi baja bawal, murramu yalngkurr bajalji baja milbi-bama, balbi-bama binalka, kariku kunin.

analysis:
mukul-ungku dingkar-angka minya wubul-ku buban buban-ma-ni-ny jana-nka nuka-l-minya-nka, jana-nka kariku karrba-l, jana-nka nyaji binal-ma-ny nganga: darrba kuyu ngawuya baja bayan daya-l, buyi nyubun-nyubun minya buban dandi baja bawa-l, murramu yalngkurr bajalji baja milbi-bama, balbi-bama binal-ka, kariku kuni-ny | old man creatures all boy divided them-for food-creatures-for, them-for never touch, them-for watch learn only: wallaby fish turtle too camp feed, birds certain creatures small quiet too left, dingo eagle python too teachers, hunters learn-DAT, never kill


frame: fauna
words_used: ["minya", "jina", "jarral", "janyul", "darrba", "jadi", "buyi", "murramu"]
loans_used: []
evidence: janyul-nga LOC(a); reading-every-animal's-track
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:17:20.295886+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T10:14:40.074257+00:00
english:
Every animal's foot writes a different mark, and the old man made a game of it with the boys, drawing each track in the sand and asking whose it was: the wallaby's two long marks and the drag of the tail, the goanna's clawed hand and sweeping tail, the bird's little forked star, the dingo's neat round pad, until they could read the whole camp of animals from the ground alone.

kuku:
Minya wubulku nyungu jina yindu-yindu jarral, mukulungku dingkarangka yajarr-yajarr bungan warru-warrunji, jina wubulku jukara jarran babajin wanyumuny: darrba nyungu jina kalbay jambul junkan-jarral, jadi nyungu mara-jalan jina-nga, buyi nyungu jina buban jiri-mabi, murramu jina murru yukil, dukul jana ngaral minya-bayan wubulku bubu nganga.

analysis:
minya wubul-ku nyungu jina yindu-yindu jarra-l, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka yajarr-yajarr bunga-ny warru-warru-nji, jina wubul-ku jukar-a jarra-ny babaji-ny wanyu-muny: darrba nyungu jina kalbay jambul junkan-jarra-l, jadi nyungu mara-jalan jina-nga, buyi nyungu jina buban jiri-mabi, murramu jina murru yukil, dukul jana ngara-l minya-bayan wubul-ku bubu nganga | animals all their foot different writes, old man game made young.men-with, tracks all sand-LOC drew asked whose: wallaby its foot long two tail-drag, goanna its hand-claw tail-sweep, bird its foot small star-like, dingo foot round neat, at.last they read animal-camp all ground alone


frame: conditional
words_used: ["ngamu", "jalbu", "buyi", "dalkay", "darrba", "janku", "kaki", "balbil"]
loans_used: []
evidence: kaki; dalkay-wungar-nga LOC(a); bidi 'pouch'; protect-the-mothers-with-young
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:17:20.295886+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-03T07:55:11.924773+00:00
english:
The old woman was strict about the mothers with young: never take a female bird from the nest in the laying season, never take a wallaby with a joey in the pouch, never dig out a burrow full of small ones, for the country stays full only if the mothers are let live, and a hunter who cannot wait for the right season is no hunter at all but a robber of the future.

kuku:
Wulbumanangka junkurr ngamu buban-buban baja: kariku jalbu-buyi birra-bayanmuny mani dalkay-wungara, kari darrba jarrakay karrbal baja mani, kari janku buban wubulku bakan, bubu nyulu buwan nganga kaki ngamu wula-manda, balbi-bama nyulu kari maku-janal wungar yukilka nyulu balbi-bama-kari yambada bama-kulun wungar-kadalmuny.

analysis:
wulbuman-angka junkurr ngamu buban-buban baja: kariku jalbu-buyi birra-bayan-muny mani dalkay-wungar-a, kari darrba jarrakay karrba-l baja mani, kari janku buban wubul-ku baka-ny, bubu nyulu buwa-ny nganga kaki ngamu wula-ma-nda, balbi-bama nyulu kari maku-jana-l wungar yukil-ka nyulu balbi-bama-kari yambada bama-kulun wungar-kada-l-muny | old.woman strict mother young too: never female-bird nest-from take hatch-season-LOC, NEG wallaby joey holding too take, NEG burrow small all dig, country it full only if mother lives, hunter he NEG wait season right-DAT he hunter-not but robber future-POSS


frame: fauna
words_used: ["kunya", "bubu", "balkal", "kaki", "ngaral", "yawa", "kulngu", "murramu"]
loans_used: []
evidence: kaki; wujurr-bu LOC; at-night-the-whole-country-talks
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:17:20.295886+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T03:50:48.615824+00:00
english:
At night the whole country talks, the old man said, and if you lie still and listen you can hear the possum moving in the branches, the bandicoot digging, the frogs in the gully, the dingo far off calling its family, the night birds passing over, and a person who learns to read all these voices in the dark is never lost and never truly afraid of the night.

kuku:
Wujurr bubu wubulku balkan, mukulungku dingkarangka balkan, kaki yundu janka wuna ngara yundu ngaral yawa juku-mara murninya, kulngu bakanya, diburr-kaya bubu-jandu, murramu kala-kalbay nyungu jawun-karra balkanya, buyi-wujurr wangkar dunganya, bama nyulu binalman kuku wubulku wujurr-bu nyulu kariku wulal kari wujurr yinilman bajaku.

analysis:
wujurr bubu wubul-ku balka-ny, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka balka-ny, kaki yundu janka wuna ngara yundu ngara-l yawa juku-mara murni-nya, kulngu baka-nya, diburr-kaya bubu-jandu, murramu kala-kalbay nyungu jawun-karra balka-nya, buyi-wujurr wangkar dunga-nya, bama nyulu binal-ma-ny kuku wubul-ku wujurr-bu nyulu kariku wula-l kari wujurr yinil-ma-ny bajaku | night country all talks, old man said, if you still lie listen you hear possum branches moves-SUB, bandicoot digs-SUB, frog-croak gully, dingo far.away its family calls-SUB, night-birds over goes-SUB, person he learned voices all dark-inside he never lost NEG night fears very


frame: fauna
words_used: ["wungar", "minya", "balkal", "buyi", "juwal", "kambi", "kuyu", "bangkal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: yukil-ba LOC(l); the-creatures-tell-the-seasons
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:17:20.295886+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T10:58:37.221190+00:00
english:
The seasons themselves are told by the creatures, the old woman taught: when the certain bird first calls, the yams are ready; when the flying foxes come to a particular tree, that fruit is ripe; when the fish move up the river, the wet is turning; and a person who ties each creature's sign to the right work will always be gathering the right food at the right time.

kuku:
Wungar nyulu-nyulu minya balkan, wulbumanangka milbin: buyi nyubun ngadiku balkanya, juwal yukil; kambi juku nyubun-mundu kadanya, mayi yinya kulbul; kuyu wawubaja wangkar marra-warrinya, bana-wungar murninya; bama nyulu minya nyubun wari kirraji yukilbu kajal nyulu yabarrka mayi yukil wungar yukilba bangkal.

analysis:
wungar nyulu-nyulu minya balka-ny, wulbuman-angka milbi-ny: buyi nyubun ngadiku balka-nya, juwal yukil; kambi juku nyubun-mundu kada-nya, mayi yinya kulbul; kuyu wawubaja wangkar marra-warri-nya, bana-wungar murni-nya; bama nyulu minya nyubun wari kirraji yukil-bu kaja-l nyulu yabarrka mayi yukil wungar yukil-ba bangka-l | seasons themselves creatures tell, old.woman taught: bird one first calls-SUB, yams ready; flying.fox tree one-toward comes-SUB, fruit that ripe; fish river up move-SUB, wet turns-SUB; person he creature each sign work right-INST ties he always food right time right-LOC gathers


frame: fauna
words_used: ["kawul", "balbil", "jiri", "muyar", "naka-naka", "nyajil", "bubu", "binal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: kawul 'eagle'; nyaji-l-nga LOC(l)->nyajilba FIX; the-eagle-sees-the-whole-country
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:17:20.295886+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The old man kept a special respect for the eagle, the great hunter of the high air, and he would stop and watch it ride the wind in wide circles for as long as it stayed in sight, and he told the boy that the eagle wastes no motion and misses nothing below, and that a person could spend a whole life and not learn to see the country as completely as that bird did in one high circling glance.

kuku:
Mukulungku dingkarangka yalngkurr yukil-bungal karrban, balbi-bama yalbay jiri wangkar, nyulu janan nyajin nyulu muyar naka-naka murninya dukul nyulu nyajilba janji, nyulu buban balkan yalngkurr kari murni bawal kari yamba bada bawal, bama nyulu wawu wubulku kirraji kari binalman bubu nyajinka ngulkurr yala buyi nyubun wungar nyubun wangkar murninya nyajinmu.

analysis:
mukul-ungku dingkar-angka yalngkurr yukil-bunga-l karrba-ny, balbi-bama yalbay jiri wangkar, nyulu jana-ny nyaji-ny nyulu muyar naka-naka murni-nya dukul nyulu nyaji-l-ba karra, nyulu buban balka-ny yalngkurr kari murni bawa-l kari yamba bada bawa-l, bama nyulu wawu wubul-ku kirraji kari binal-ma-ny bubu nyaji-nka ngulkurr yala buyi nyubun wungar nyubun wangkar murni-nya nyaji-ny-mu | old man eagle honor kept, hunter big sky high, he stood watched it wind across circles-SUB at.last it sight-LOC stays, he boy said eagle NEG motion wastes NEG thing below misses, person he life all works NEG learns country see-DAT completely as bird one time one high circling saw-ABL


frame: fauna
words_used: ["buyi", "marra-warri", "juku", "milbil", "jinkurr", "jiri", "kaki", "ngaral"]
loans_used: []
evidence: jinkurr 'hawk'; read-the-sudden-silence
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:17:20.295886+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:23:37.213746+00:00
english:
When the small birds all suddenly go silent and fly up into the thick cover at once, the old man taught, look up, for a hawk is hunting overhead, and the same silence that saves the small birds can warn a person too, for the country is full of signals if you learn to read the sudden quiet as sharply as you read the calls and the songs.

kuku:
Buyi buban wubulku warri dandi-manda marra-warri wangkar juku junkurr-mundu nyubunku, mukulungku dingkarangka milbin, wangkar nyaji, jinabiju balbil jiri wangkar, dandi nyubun nyulu buyi buban wula-manil bama baja milbil, bubu jina-mabi wubulku kaki yundu binalman dandi warri ngaral warri yala yundu kuku wulngku-badi baja ngaralmu.

analysis:
buyi buban wubul-ku warri dandi-ma-nda marra-warri wangkar juku junkurr-mundu nyubun-ku, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka milbi-ny, wangkar nyaji, jinabiju balbi-l jiri wangkar, dandi nyubun nyulu buyi buban wula-ma-ni-l bama baja milbi-l, bubu jina-mabi wubul-ku kaki yundu binal-ma-ny dandi warri ngara-l warri yala yundu kuku wulngku-badi baja ngara-l-mu | birds small all fast quiet-become fly up tree thick-toward at.once, old man taught, up look, hawk hunts sky above, silence one it birds small saves person too warns, country signals all if you learn sudden quiet sharply read sharp as you calls songs too read-ABL


frame: fauna
words_used: ["walbul-walbul", "ngurrban", "wungar", "dukurr", "marra-warri", "nganja", "karrkay", "wawu-mini"]
loans_used: []
evidence: nyubun-ba LOC(n); dukurr-bu LOC; the-useless-beautiful-butterflies
status: accepted
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:17:20.295886+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-03T07:20:42.931658+00:00
english:
The butterflies came in their clouds in a certain short season, drifting through the camp in their thousands of colors, and the old woman told the children they were the year's one useless beautiful thing, good for nothing but the joy of watching, and she said every country needs such things too, for a life that is only hunting and gathering and working is only half a life.

kuku:
Walbul-walbul jana kadan ngurrban-mabi wungar buban nyubunba, bayan dukurr-bu marra-warrin nganja-jarray wubul-yalbaybu, wulbumanangka karrkay-karrkay balkan jana wungar nyungu yamba nyubun yukil-kari yilbay, yamba nyubun karika nganga wawu-mini nyajilmu, nyulu balkan bubu wubulku yamba yinya-mabi yabaku, wawu nyulu nganga balbil bangkal kirraji baja nyulu nganga wawu buban-baja.

analysis:
walbul-walbul jana kada-ny ngurrban-mabi wungar buban nyubun-ba, bayan dukurr-bu marra-warri-ny nganja-jarray wubul-yalbay-bu, wulbuman-angka karrkay-karrkay balka-ny jana wungar nyungu yamba nyubun yukil-kari yilbay, yamba nyubun karika nganga wawu-mini nyaji-l-mu, nyulu balka-ny bubu wubul-ku yamba yinya-mabi yaba-ku, wawu nyulu nganga balbi-l bangka-l kirraji baja nyulu nganga wawu buban-baja | butterflies they came cloud-like season short one-LOC, camp inside flew colors thousands-INST, old.woman children said they year its thing one useless beautiful, thing one nothing-for just joy watch-POSS, she said country all thing that-like needs-DAT, life it just hunting gathering working too it just life half


frame: fauna
words_used: ["minya", "jambun", "waja", "bajabaja", "bubu", "binal", "jawun", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
evidence: bubu-nga LOC(a); never-mock-any-creature
status: accepted
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:17:20.295886+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-03T07:20:42.931658+00:00
english:
The old man said you should never mock any creature, not the ugly grub or the biting fly or the slow blue-tongue, for each one has survived in the country far longer than any person's family line, and each holds a piece of knowledge about how to live here, and the person who watches humbly and learns from even the smallest is the one who grows truly wise.

kuku:
Mukulungku dingkarangka balkan yundu kariku minya nyubun bikirr-manil, kari jambun mumbu kari waja-baykal kari bajabaja bada, minya nyubun wubulku wula-manin bubungu kala-kalbay-baja bama nyubun nyungu jawun-karra-jinamuny, minya nyubun karrbal buban binal yala wunayka yinya, bama nyulu janka-wawu-yukilbu nyajil binalman minya buban-buban baja nyulu nyubun binal yukil bajaku janay.

analysis:
mukul-ungku dingkar-angka balka-ny yundu kariku minya nyubun bikirr-ma-ni-l, kari jambun mumbu kari waja-bayka-l kari bajabaja bada, minya nyubun wubul-ku wula-ma-ni-ny bubu-ngu kala-kalbay-baja bama nyubun nyungu jawun-karra-jina-muny, minya nyubun karrba-l buban binal yala wuna-y-ka yinya, bama nyulu janka-wawu-yukil-bu nyaji-l binal-ma-ny minya buban-buban baja nyulu nyubun binal yukil bajaku jana-y | old man said you never creature one mock, NEG grub ugly NEG march.fly-biting NEG blue-tongue slow, creature each all lived country-LOC far-longer person one its family-line-ABL, creature each holds piece knowledge how live-DAT here, person he humbly watches learns creatures small too he one wise best becomes


frame: fauna
words_used: ["buyi", "wunba", "balbil", "wukurril", "dabu", "janku", "milbil", "kulun"]
loans_used: []
evidence: buyi 'bird'; the-honeyguide's-ancient-bargain
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:17:20.295886+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:46:46.245393+00:00
english:
The little bird that follows the honey-hunter and calls to lead him to the wild bees is treated with great respect, the old man said, for it keeps the ancient bargain: it shows the person the nest, the person opens it and takes the honey, and always leaves a good share of the comb for the bird, and a hunter who cheats the bird is never led to honey by it again.

kuku:
Buyi buban nyulu wunba-balbi-bama wukurril balkan nyulu dabu-majaji-mundu jilbamanka nyulu yukil-bungal karrban, mukulungku dingkarangka balkan, nyulu kuku ngadiku karrbal: nyulu bama janku milbil, bama kajal wunba manil, yabarrka mandi-mandi yukil buyinka bawal, balbi-bama nyulu buyi kulun-manil nyulu kariku wunba-mundu jilbaman jambulku.

analysis:
buyi buban nyulu wunba-balbi-bama wukurri-l balka-ny nyulu dabu-majaji-mundu jilba-ma-nka nyulu yukil-bunga-l karrba-ny, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka balka-ny, nyulu kuku ngadiku karrba-l: nyulu bama janku milbi-l, bama kaja-l wunba mani-l, yabarrka mandi-mandi yukil buyi-nka bawa-l, balbi-bama nyulu buyi kulun-ma-ni-l nyulu kariku wunba-mundu jilba-ma-ny jambul-ku | bird small it honey-hunter follows calls it wild.bees-toward lead-for it honor kept, old man said, it bargain old keeps: it person nest shows, person opens honey takes, always comb good bird-for leaves, hunter he bird cheats it never honey-toward led twice-DAT


frame: fauna
words_used: ["diburr-kaya", "bana", "balkal", "bubu", "bana-wungar", "yinil", "kunya", "dakwuy"]
loans_used: []
evidence: diburr-kaya 'frog(-croak)'; the-frogs-are-the-voice-of-the-water
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:17:20.295886+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:23:37.213746+00:00
english:
The old woman said the frogs are the true voice of the water: when they call loud from the swamp the wet is here and the country is full, when they go silent and bury themselves the dry is coming and you must husband the waterholes, and when they call from a dry gully at night there is hidden water there that will save you, so learn the frog and you will never die of thirst.

kuku:
Wulbumanangka balkan diburr-kaya bana kuku ngadiku: jana balkan junkurr bubu-yaralmuny bana-wungar yinya bubu buwan, jana dandi-manda yinil-ji bana-kiway kadanya yundu bana-janga karrbal, jana balkan bubu-jandu kiway-kiway wujurr bana buyan yinya ngundu nyulu yundu wula-manilmu, diburr-kaya binalma yundu kariku wula bana-dakwuybu.

analysis:
wulbuman-angka balka-ny diburr-kaya bana kuku ngadiku: jana balka-ny junkurr bubu-yaral-muny bana-wungar yinya bubu buwa-ny, jana dandi-ma-nda yinil-ji bana-kiway kada-nya yundu bana-janga karrba-l, jana balka-ny bubu-jandu kiway-kiway wujurr bana buya-ny yinya ngundu nyulu yundu wula-ma-ni-l-mu, diburr-kaya binal-ma yundu kariku wula bana-dakwuy-bu | old.woman said frog-croak water voice true: they call loud swamp-from wet that country full, they quiet-become bury-REFL dry comes you waterhole guard, they call gully dry night water hidden that near it you saves, frog-croak learn you never die thirst-INST


frame: fauna
words_used: ["balbil", "minya", "nyajil", "darrba", "juku", "bunday", "bubu", "jarrakulbal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: nyungu-ka LOC; the-animals-watch-the-hunter-too
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:17:20.295886+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:46:05.836376+00:00
english:
The young hunter learned that the animals watch the hunter as closely as the hunter watches them, and the old man showed him how the wallaby posts a lookout while the mob feeds, how the birds set a sentry in the tallest tree, how the whole country passes a warning faster than a person can run, so a hunter must move as though a hundred eyes are already on him, because they are.

kuku:
Warru-balbi-bama binalman minya balbi-bama nyajil ngulkurr yala balbi-bama jana nyajil, mukulungku dingkarangka milbin yala darrba nyaji-bama janan minya-wubul nukalnya, buyi yala nyaji-bama juku wangkar bada bundal, bubu wubulku kuku-yinil jarrakulbal warri bama warrilmuny, balbi-bama murni yala miyil wubul-yalbay nyunguka nganga janji, jana nganga janji.

analysis:
warru-balbi-bama binal-ma-ny minya balbi-bama nyaji-l ngulkurr yala balbi-bama jana nyaji-l, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka milbi-ny yala darrba nyaji-bama jana-ny minya-wubul nuka-l-nya, buyi yala nyaji-bama juku wangkar bada bunda-l, bubu wubul-ku kuku-yinil jarrakulba-l warri bama warri-l-muny, balbi-bama murni yala miyil wubul-yalbay nyungu-ka nganga karra, jana nganga karra | young-hunter learned animals hunter watch closely as hunter them watch, old man showed how wallaby lookout stands mob feeds-SUB, birds how sentry tree tall sits, country all warning carries fast person runs-ABL, hunter move as eyes hundred him-LOC already sit, they already sit


frame: fauna
words_used: ["bilngkumu", "bikarr", "kuyu", "kunil", "bana", "jalkar", "dukurr", "maraji"]
loans_used: []
evidence: bana-nga LOC(a); bikarr 'shark'; the-three-dangers-of-the-water
status: accepted
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:17:20.295886+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-03T07:20:42.931658+00:00
english:
The old man said the crocodile and the shark and the stonefish are the three that will kill you at the water, and each must be respected in a different way: watch the bank for the crocodile, watch the deep for the shark, watch where you place your foot for the stonefish, and a person who learns all three fears of the water can fish and swim there safely a whole long life.

kuku:
Mukulungku dingkarangka balkan bilngkumu bububay kuyu-kulji baja kulur nyulu yundu kunil bananga, nyubun nyubun yukil-bungal yindu-yindu yala: jalkar nyaji bilngkumunka, bana-dukurr nyaji bububaynka, wanja yundu jina yijarril nyaji kuyu-kuljinka, bama nyulu kulur yinil bananmuny binalman nyulu kuyu-manil marajil yinya yukil wawu kalbay wubulku.

analysis:
mukul-ungku dingkar-angka balka-ny bilngkumu bububay kuyu-kulji baja kulur nyulu yundu kuni-l bana-nga, nyubun nyubun yukil-bunga-l yindu-yindu yala: jalkar nyaji bilngkumu-nka, bana-dukurr nyaji bububay-nka, wanja yundu jina yijarri-l nyaji kuyu-kulji-nka, bama nyulu kulur yinil bana-ny-muny binal-ma-ny nyulu kuyu-ma-ni-l maraji-l yinya yukil wawu kalbay wubul-ku | old man said crocodile shark stonefish too three it you kill water-LOC, one one honored differently: bank watch crocodile-for, deep watch shark-for, where you foot place watch stonefish-for, person he three fears water-of learned he fishes swims there safely life long all


frame: fauna
words_used: ["karrkay", "wuli-wuli", "kunkun", "kuyu", "bana", "kunarangkal", "maraji", "balbil"]
loans_used: []
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:17:20.295886+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The children caught the little soldier crabs and the periwinkles and the small fish in the shallows all afternoon, and the old woman let them, for she said this is how the hand and the eye learn the water, and the child who plays at catching the small easy things by the shore grows into the hunter who can take the big hard ones out on the open reef.

kuku:
Karrkay-karrkay wuli-wuli kunkun kuyu buban baja bana-buban manin kunarangkal wubulku, wulbumanangka bawan jana, nyulu balkan yinya yala mara miyil baja bana binalman, karrkay nyulu marijil minya buban yukil jalun-ba maninka nyulu balbi-bama-manda nyulu minya yalbay junkurr manil jalun-ba yaralba.

analysis:
karrkay-karrkay wuli-wuli kunkun kuyu buban baja bana-buban mani-ny kunarangkal wubul-ku, wulbuman-angka bawa-ny jana, nyulu balka-ny yinya yala mara miyil baja bana binal-ma-ny, karrkay nyulu mariji-l minya buban yukil jalun-ba mani-nka nyulu balbi-bama-ma-nda nyulu minya yalbay junkurr mani-l jalun-ba yaral-ba | children soldier.crabs periwinkles fish small too shallows caught afternoon all, old.woman let them, she said this how hand eye too water learns, child he plays creature small easy shore takes-DAT he hunter-becomes he creature big hard takes reef open-LOC

evidence:
jalun-warral yaral-nga? 'open reef' LOC(a) -> yaral-nga is fine (yaral vowel-a? yaral ends l -> -ba) FIX yaralba; playing-at-catching-teaches-the-hunter


frame: fauna
words_used: ["minya", "milbil", "jabarrangkul", "dabu", "jiba-wulay", "dayal", "buyi", "wulngku-badi"]
loans_used: []
evidence: jinkun 'spider'; ngundu-ka LOC; the-small-creatures-teach-the-most
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:17:20.295886+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The old man said that of all the creatures the little ones taught the most, for the ant showed the value of working together, the bee showed that sweetness is worth guarding and worth sharing, the spider showed patience and the making of fine things, and the small quiet bird showed that you do not need to be big or loud to know the whole country and sing your own true song in it.

kuku:
Mukulungku dingkarangka balkan minya wubulmuny buban-buban milbin ngulkurr-baja, jabarrangkul milbin nyubun-nyubunji kirrajilmu yukil, dabu milbin jiba-wulay karrbalmu yukil dayalmu yukil, malal milbin maku-janal yamba yukil bungalmu, buyi buban dandi milbin yundu kari yalbay kuku-yalbay bubu wubulku binalka nyungu wulngku-badi ngadiku ngunduka badinka.

analysis:
mukul-ungku dingkar-angka balka-ny minya wubul-muny buban-buban milbi-ny ngulkurr-baja, jabarrangkul milbi-ny nyubun-nyubun-ji kirraji-l-mu yukil, dabu milbi-ny jiba-wulay karrba-l-mu yukil daya-l-mu yukil, malal milbi-ny maku-jana-l yamba yukil bunga-l-mu, buyi buban dandi milbi-ny yundu kari yalbay kuku-yalbay bubu wubul-ku binal-ka nyungu wulngku-badi ngadiku ngundu-ka badi-nka | old man said creatures of-all small taught most, black.ant taught together work-POSS good, bee taught sweetness guard-POSS good give-POSS good, spider taught patience thing good make-POSS, bird small quiet taught you NEG big loud country all know-DAT your song own in-LOC sing-DAT


frame: fauna
words_used: ["minya", "binal", "nyajil", "wungar", "balbil", "wunay", "yinil", "milka"]
loans_used: []
evidence: milka-nga LOC(a); know-the-whole-creature-before-taking-its-life
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:17:20.295886+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The old woman said to truly know a creature you must watch it in every season and every hour, not just when you are hunting it: watch where it sleeps and where it drinks, what it fears and what it eats, how it raises its young and how it dies, for only then do you hold the whole creature in your mind, and only then are you fit to take its life with respect.

kuku:
Wulbumanangka balkan minya nyubun binalka bajaku yundu nyaji wungar wubulku wungar wubulku, kari nganga yundu balbilnya: nyaji wanja nyulu wunay wanja janga, wanya nyulu yinilman wanya nukal, yala nyulu buban warru-manil yala nyulu wulal, yaladaku yundu minya wubulku karrbal milkanga, yaladaku yundu yukil nyungu wawu maninka yukil-bungalbu.

analysis:
wulbuman-angka balka-ny minya nyubun binal-ka bajaku yundu nyaji wungar wubul-ku wungar wubul-ku, kari nganga yundu balbi-l-nya: nyaji wanja nyulu wuna-y wanja janga, wanya nyulu yinil-ma-ny wanya nuka-l, yala nyulu buban warru-ma-ni-l yala nyulu wula-l, yala-da-ku yundu minya wubul-ku karrba-l milka-nga, yala-da-ku yundu yukil nyungu wawu mani-nka yukil-bunga-l-bu | old.woman said creature one know-DAT truly you watch season all hour all, NEG just you hunt-SUB: watch where it sleeps where drinks, what it fears what eats, how it young raises how it dies, then-DAT you creature whole hold mind-LOC, then-DAT you fit its life take-DAT respect-INST


frame: fauna
words_used: ["milbil", "minya", "jinbi", "wunay", "balbil", "wulal", "ngaral", "milka-wula"]
loans_used: []
evidence: we-are-one-of-the-creatures-too
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:17:20.295886+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:01:10.660377+00:00
english:
The old man's last teaching about the animals was the simplest and the deepest: we are one of the creatures too, not above them and not apart, we sleep and hunt and raise our young and die as they do, we read them and they read us, and the person who forgets this and thinks himself the master of the country soon finds the country does not agree, and takes him back.

kuku:
Mukul nyungu milbil bada minyamuny yamba kima ngadiku bada bajaku: ngana minya nyubun baja, kari jana wangkar kari yindu, ngana wunay balbil buban warru-manil wulal jana yala, ngana jana ngaral jana ngana ngaral, bama nyulu yinya milka-wulan nyulu nyulu-nyulu balkan bubu-mukul nyulu buban-buban nyajil bubu kari nyubun-manil, nyulu murni manil baja.

analysis:
mukul nyungu milbi-l bada minya-muny yamba kima ngadiku bada bajaku: ngana minya nyubun baja, kari jana wangkar kari yindu, ngana wuna-y balbi-l buban warru-ma-ni-l wula-l jana yala, ngana jana ngara-l jana ngana ngara-l, bama nyulu yinya milka-wula-ny nyulu nyulu-nyulu balka-ny bubu-mukul nyulu buban-buban nyaji-l bubu kari nyubun-ma-ni-l, nyulu murni mani-l baja | old his teaching last creatures-about thing simplest deepest most: we creature one too, NEG them above NEG apart, we sleep hunt young raise die them like, we them read they us read, person he this forgets he himself says country-master he soon finds country NEG agrees, it back takes too


frame: having-lacking
words_used: ["binal", "bubu", "kija", "bana", "jilbay", "wunay", "dakwuy", "miyil"]
loans_used: []
evidence: binal-ji COMIT vs binal-kari PRIV; the-knowing-and-unknowing-eye
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:31:39.983536+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:22:22.593599+00:00
english:
The old man said two people can walk into the same dry country, one with knowledge and one without, and the one with knowledge finds the hidden water and lives while the one without knowledge, seeing the very same ground, walks past the water and dies of thirst, for the country gives nothing to the unknowing eye.

kuku:
Mukulungku dingkarangka balkan bama jambul bubu-kiway nyubunku jilbal, nyubun binal-ji nyubun binal-kari, binal-ji bama bana buyan manil wunay yambada binal-kari bama nyulu bubu nyubun nyajil nyulu bana ngundu-mundu jilbal wulal bana-dakwuybu, bubu yamba nyubun kari dayal miyil binal-karinka.

analysis:
mukul-ungku dingkar-angka balka-ny bama jambul bubu-kiway nyubun-ku jilba-l, nyubun binal-ji nyubun binal-kari, binal-ji bama bana buya-ny mani-l wuna-y yambada binal-kari bama nyulu bubu nyubun nyaji-l nyulu bana ngundu-mundu jilba-l wula-l bana-dakwuy-bu, bubu yamba nyubun kari daya-l miyil binal-kari-nka | old man said people two dry-country one-DAT walk, one knowledge-COMIT one knowledge-PRIV, knowledge-COMIT person water hidden gets lives but knowledge-PRIV person he ground same sees he water past walks dies thirst-INST, country thing one NEG gives eye unknowing-for


frame: having-lacking
words_used: ["bubu", "bana", "ngamu", "dayal", "yilbay", "janku", "binal", "wunay"]
loans_used: []
evidence: bana-ji COMIT vs bana-kari PRIV; ngundu-ka LOC; with-water-is-life-without-is-death
status: accepted
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:31:39.983536+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-03T07:36:40.618241+00:00
english:
A country with fresh water is a mother to its people, giving them everything they need to live, but a country without water, however beautiful, is only a beautiful grave, and the old people mapped every soak and spring and rock-hole across the whole land precisely because they knew that with-water means life and without-water means death.

kuku:
Bubu bana-ji nyulu ngamu bama-nka, jananka yamba wubulku dayal wunayka, yambada bubu bana-kari, yilbay yala, nyulu nganga yilbay-jandu, bama mukul bana-janku wubulku binal-manin bubu wubulku ngunduka jana binalman bana-ji wunay yala bana-kari wulal yala.

analysis:
bubu bana-ji nyulu ngamu bama-nka, jana-nka yamba wubul-ku daya-l wuna-y-ka, yambada bubu bana-kari, yilbay yala, nyulu nganga yilbay-jandu, bama mukul bana-janku wubul-ku binal-ma-ni-ny bubu wubul-ku ngundu-ka jana binal-ma-ny bana-ji wuna-y yala bana-kari wula-l yala | country water-COMIT it mother people-for, them thing all gives live-DAT, but country water-PRIV, beautiful although, it just beautiful-grave, people old soak all country all in-LOC learned they knew water-COMIT lives means water-PRIV dies means


frame: having-lacking
words_used: ["balbil", "kalka", "majaji", "minya", "bangkarr", "mara", "murni", "janka-yukil"]
loans_used: []
evidence: kalka-ji COMIT vs kalka-kari PRIV; mara-nga LOC(a); skill-means-never-truly-toolless
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:31:39.983536+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The hunter with a spear and the hunter without one walk the same forest, but only one comes home with meat, and the old man used this to teach that the tool in the hand decides everything, so he made sure every boy could make his own weapons, for a person with skill is never truly a person without tools, since the skilled hands make the tools they need.

kuku:
Balbi-bama kalka-ji balbi-bama kalka-kari nyubun majaji jilbal, nyubun nganga minya-ji bayan-mundu kadal, mukulungku dingkarangka yinya kirrajin milbil bangkarr maranga yamba wubulku kajal, nyulu murni-manin warru wubulku nyungu kalka bunganka, bama janka-yukil-ji nyulu kariku bajaku bangkarr-kari, janka-yukil bungan bangkarr jana wanya yukilmuny.

analysis:
balbi-bama kalka-ji balbi-bama kalka-kari nyubun majaji jilba-l, nyubun nganga minya-ji bayan-mundu kada-l, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka yinya kirraji-ny milbi-l bangkarr mara-nga yamba wubul-ku kaja-l, nyulu murni-ma-ni-ny warru wubul-ku nyungu kalka bunga-nka, bama janka-yukil-ji nyulu kariku bajaku bangkarr-kari, janka-yukil bunga-ny bangkarr jana wanya yukil-muny | hunter spear-COMIT hunter spear-PRIV same forest walk, one only meat-COMIT home comes, old man that used teach tool hand-LOC thing all decides, he made young.men all their weapons make-DAT, person skill-COMIT he never truly tool-PRIV, skill makes tools they what need-ABL


frame: having-lacking
words_used: ["bayan", "baya", "wumbul", "kunya", "kija", "wujurr", "yinil", "jawun"]
loans_used: []
evidence: baya-ji COMIT vs baya-kari PRIV; yinil-ji-nga COMIT+LOC; a-fireless-camp-is-cold-and-afraid
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:31:39.983536+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
A camp with a good fire is warm and safe and glad through the coldest night, but a camp without fire is cold and dark and full of fear, and the old people held it a serious duty never to let the fire die, so that no member of the group ever had to sleep fireless and cold in the long dangerous dark.

kuku:
Bayan baya-ji wumbul yukil wawu-mini wujurr kiway-kiway bajaku, yambada bayan baya-kari kiway-kiway wujurr yinil-ji buwan, bama mukul karrban kirraji junkurr kariku baya wula bawanka, bama nyubun jawun-karra ngunduka kariku baya-kari kiway-kiway wunay wujurr kalbay yinil-jinga.

analysis:
bayan baya-ji wumbul yukil wawu-mini wujurr kiway-kiway bajaku, yambada bayan baya-kari kiway-kiway wujurr yinil-ji buwa-ny, bama mukul karrba-ny kirraji junkurr kariku baya wula bawa-nka, bama nyubun jawun-karra ngundu-ka kariku baya-kari kiway-kiway wuna-y wujurr kalbay yinil-ji-nga | camp fire-COMIT warm safe glad night cold most, but camp fire-PRIV cold dark fear-COMIT full, people old kept duty serious never fire die let-DAT, person one family near-LOC never fire-PRIV cold sleeps night long danger-COMIT-LOC


frame: having-lacking
words_used: ["balbil", "kaya", "bubu", "ngaral", "juju", "miyil", "jawun", "karrbal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: kaya-ji COMIT vs kaya-kari PRIV; the-dog-owner-and-the-dogless-hunter
status: accepted
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:31:39.983536+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-03T07:36:40.618241+00:00
english:
The hunter with a dog and the hunter without a dog are two different hunters, the old man said, for the dog-owner reads the country through the dog's nose as well as his own eyes, while the dog-less man must do all the finding himself, and a good hunting dog is worth more to a family than almost anything else it owns.

kuku:
Balbi-bama kaya-ji balbi-bama kaya-kari jambul balbi-bama yindu-yindu, mukulungku dingkarangka balkan, kaya-ji bama bubu ngaral kaya nyungu nganja-bu ngulkurr nyungu miyil baja, kaya-kari dingkar nyulu-nyulu yamba wubulku manil, kaya balbil yukil ngulkurr-baja jawun-karranka yamba yindu wubulmuny nyulu karrbalmuny.

analysis:
balbi-bama kaya-ji balbi-bama kaya-kari jambul balbi-bama yindu-yindu, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka balka-ny, kaya-ji bama bubu ngara-l kaya nyungu nganja-bu ngulkurr nyungu miyil baja, kaya-kari dingkar nyulu-nyulu yamba wubul-ku mani-l, kaya balbi-l yukil ngulkurr-baja jawun-karra-nka yamba yindu wubul-muny nyulu karrba-l-muny | hunter dog-COMIT hunter dog-PRIV two hunters different, old man said, dog-COMIT person country reads dog its scent-INST as.well.as his eye too, dog-PRIV man himself thing all does, dog hunting good more family-for thing other all-ABL it owns-ABL


frame: having-lacking
words_used: ["bubu", "binal", "jukar", "kulji", "jikan", "kalal", "ngalkal", "milbil"]
loans_used: []
evidence: jukar-iji COMIT(rhotic->-iji); kulji-ji/jikan-ji/kalal-ji COMIT; naming-country-by-what-it-has
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:31:39.983536+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The old woman knew every kind of ground by its comitative name: the sandy ground, the stony ground, the grassy flat, the muddy edge, the ground with vines and the ground with open woodland, and she taught the children that to name a country truly is already to half-know it, for the name holds what the place has and what it gives.

kuku:
Wulbumanangka bubu wubulku binal nyungu kuku-ji: bubu jukar-iji, bubu kulji-ji, jikan-ji yaral, bada-ji, bubu kalal-ji bubu ngalkal-ji baja, nyulu karrkay-karrkay milbin bubu nyubun kuku bajaku balkanka yinya buban-binal ngadiku, kuku karrbal wanya bubu karrbal wanya nyulu dayal.

analysis:
wulbuman-angka bubu wubul-ku binal nyungu kuku-ji: bubu jukar-iji, bubu kulji-ji, jikan-ji yaral, bada-ji, bubu kalal-ji bubu ngalkal-ji baja, nyulu karrkay-karrkay milbi-ny bubu nyubun kuku bajaku balka-nka yinya buban-binal ngadiku, kuku karrba-l wanya bubu karrba-l wanya nyulu daya-l | old.woman ground all knew its comitative-name: ground sand-COMIT, ground stone-COMIT, grass-COMIT flat, mud-COMIT edge, ground vine-COMIT ground woodland-COMIT too, she children taught country one truly name-DAT that half-know already, name holds what country holds what it gives


frame: having-lacking
words_used: ["karrkay", "ngamu", "wawu", "jawun", "dakwuy", "bawal", "milka-wula", "kuku"]
loans_used: []
evidence: ngamu-ji COMIT vs ngamu-kari PRIV; the-camp-mothers-the-motherless
status: accepted
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:31:39.983536+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-03T07:36:40.618241+00:00
english:
A child with a mother wants for nothing, the old woman said, but a motherless child must be a mother to itself too early, and this is why the whole camp becomes mother to an orphan, so that no child is ever truly left motherless, for a group that lets its motherless children go hungry has forgotten the first law of being people together.

kuku:
Karrkay ngamu-ji yamba nyubunku kari wawu-manil, wulbumanangka balkan, yambada karrkay ngamu-kari nyulu-nyulu ngamu-manda ngadiku bajaku, yinya jawun-karra wubulku ngamu-manda karrkay-ngamu-karinka, karrkay nyubun kariku bajaku ngamu-kari bawal, jawun-karra nyulu karrkay ngamu-kari dakwuy bawal nyulu milka-wulan kuku ngadiku bama nyubunji janaymu.

analysis:
karrkay ngamu-ji yamba nyubun-ku kari wawu-ma-ni-l, wulbuman-angka balka-ny, yambada karrkay ngamu-kari nyulu-nyulu ngamu-ma-nda ngadiku bajaku, yinya jawun-karra wubul-ku ngamu-ma-nda karrkay-ngamu-kari-nka, karrkay nyubun kariku bajaku ngamu-kari bawa-l, jawun-karra nyulu karrkay ngamu-kari dakwuy bawa-l nyulu milka-wula-ny kuku ngadiku bama nyubun-ji jana-y-mu | child mother-COMIT thing one-for NEG desires, old.woman said, but child mother-PRIV itself mother-becomes too early, that family all mother-becomes orphan-for, child one never truly mother-PRIV left, family it child mother-PRIV hungry lets it forgotten law first people together being-POSS


frame: having-lacking
words_used: ["dingkar", "kuku", "balkal", "milbil", "kuni-way", "jarrakulbal", "karrkay", "wulngku-badi"]
loans_used: []
evidence: kuku-ji COMIT vs kuku-kari PRIV; kuni-way RECIP; the-man-with-words-and-the-wordless
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:31:39.983536+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:46:46.245393+00:00
english:
The old man distinguished a man with words from a wordless man: the man with words can talk his way into peace or into war, can teach and remember and carry the law, while the wordless man, however strong, is cut off from half of what makes a person, so the old ones worked hard to fill every child with words, songs, names, and stories.

kuku:
Mukulungku dingkarangka dingkar kuku-ji buban-manin dingkar kuku-karimuny: kuku-ji bama balkan nyungu baral janka-yukilku yambada kuni-wayku, milbil karrbal kuku ngadiku jarrakulbal, kuku-kari dingkar junkurr yala, nyulu karra-manda yamba jarrba bama bungalmuny, bama mukul kirraji junkurr karrkay wubulku buwan kuku-bu, wulngku-badi burri jangkar baja.

analysis:
mukul-ungku dingkar-angka dingkar kuku-ji buban-ma-ni-ny dingkar kuku-kari-muny: kuku-ji bama balka-ny nyungu baral janka-yukil-ku yambada kuni-way-ku, milbi-l karrba-l kuku ngadiku jarrakulba-l, kuku-kari dingkar junkurr yala, nyulu karra-ma-nda yamba jarrba bama bunga-l-muny, bama mukul kirraji junkurr karrkay wubul-ku buwa-ny kuku-bu, wulngku-badi burri jangkar baja | old man man word-COMIT distinguished man word-PRIV-from: word-COMIT person talks his road peace-DAT or fight-RECIP-DAT, teaches keeps law carries, word-PRIV man strong although, he cut.off half person makes-ABL, people old duty hard children all filled word-INST, song name story too


frame: having-lacking
words_used: ["buyun", "kaka", "kalbal", "yinil", "janka", "balkal", "jubi", "wawu-mini"]
loans_used: []
evidence: kaka-ji COMIT vs kaka-kari PRIV; the-painful-wound-is-the-healing-one
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:31:39.983536+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:46:05.836376+00:00
english:
The wound with pain is the one that is healing, the old woman told the frightened boy, but the wound without pain, gone cold and numb, is the one to fear, for pain is the body speaking and a body that has gone silent about its own hurt is a body in the deepest trouble, so she was glad, not sorry, that his cut still hurt.

kuku:
Buyun kaka-ji nyulu kalbal-mabi, wulbumanangka buban yinil-ji balkan, yambada buyun kaka-kari, kiway-manda, nyulu yinilmanka, kaka nyulu janka balkal janka nyulu dandi-manda nyungu buyunmuny nyulu janka dukul-yamba bada bajaku, nyulu wawu-mini, kari mumbu, nyungu janka-kaka kaka janji.

analysis:
buyun kaka-ji nyulu kalbal-mabi, wulbuman-angka buban yinil-ji balka-ny, yambada buyun kaka-kari, kiway-ma-nda, nyulu yinil-ma-nka, kaka nyulu janka balka-l janka nyulu dandi-ma-nda nyungu buyun-muny nyulu janka dukul-yamba bada bajaku, nyulu wawu-mini, kari mumbu, nyungu janka-kaka kaka karra | wound pain-COMIT it healing-like, old.woman boy fear-COMIT said, but wound pain-PRIV, cold silent-become, it fear-DAT, pain it body speaks body it silent-becomes its hurt-about it body trouble deepest most, she glad, NEG sorry, his body-pain hurts stands


frame: having-lacking
words_used: ["bikirr", "balkal", "wawu-karrba", "jamba", "karrbal", "kuku", "nyajil", "wawu"]
loans_used: []
evidence: bikirr-ji COMIT vs bikirr-kari PRIV; nyaji-kari-nga PRIV+LOC 'unseen'; shame-is-the-fence
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:31:39.983536+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The old man drew a sharp line between a person with shame and a person without shame: the person with shame can be trusted, for shame is the fence that holds a person to the law even when no one watches, but the shameless person will do anything unseen, and the old people watched such a one carefully all their lives.

kuku:
Mukulungku dingkarangka kuku junkurr balkan bama bikirr-ji bama bikirr-karimuny: bama bikirr-ji nyulu wawu-karrbalka, bikirr nyulu bama karrbal kuku-mundu bama nyubun kari nyajilnya, yambada bikirr-kari bama nyulu yamba wubulku bungal nyaji-karinga, bama mukul nyajin yinya nyubun buban-buban wawu kalbay wubulku.

analysis:
mukul-ungku dingkar-angka kuku junkurr balka-ny bama bikirr-ji bama bikirr-kari-muny: bama bikirr-ji nyulu wawu-karrba-nka, bikirr nyulu jamba nyulu bama karrba-l kuku-mundu bama nyubun kari nyaji-l-nya, yambada bikirr-kari bama nyulu yamba wubul-ku bunga-l nyaji-kari-nga, bama mukul nyaji-ny yinya nyubun buban-buban wawu kalbay wubul-ku | old man word strong said person shame-COMIT person shame-PRIV-from: person shame-COMIT he trust-DAT, shame it person holds law-to person one NEG watches-SUB, but shame-PRIV person he thing all does unseen-LOC, people old watched that one carefully life all


frame: having-lacking
words_used: ["mara", "janka-yukil", "wungar", "karrkay", "bikirr", "karrbal", "binal", "kaki"]
loans_used: []
evidence: janka-yukil-ji COMIT vs janka-yukil-kari PRIV; kaki; the-skilless-hands-become-skilled
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:31:39.983536+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:46:05.836376+00:00
english:
The old woman said a hand with skill and an empty hand are only a season apart, for every skilled maker was once a fumbling child, so she never shamed the clumsy, only kept them working, knowing that the skill-less hands of today become the skilled hands of tomorrow if only they are not driven away in shame before they learn.

kuku:
Wulbumanangka balkan mara janka-yukil-ji mara nganga-kari nyubun wungar nganga karra, janka-yukil-bama wubulku ngadiku karrkay mara-kudal ngadiku, nyulu kariku bikirr-manin mara-kudal, nganga karrban kirrajilba, binal janka-yukil-kari mara nyikumuny janka-yukil-ji mara wungar-kadalmuny-manda kaki jana kari warri-mandan bikirr-bu jana binalman ngadiku.

analysis:
wulbuman-angka balka-ny mara janka-yukil-ji mara nganga-kari nyubun wungar nganga karra, janka-yukil-bama wubul-ku ngadiku karrkay mara-kudal ngadiku, nyulu kariku bikirr-ma-ni-ny mara-kudal, nganga karrba-ny kirraji-l-ba, binal janka-yukil-kari mara nyiku-muny janka-yukil-ji mara wungar-kada-l-muny-ma-nda kaki jana kari warri-ma-nda-ny bikirr-bu jana binal-ma-ny ngadiku | old.woman said hand skill-COMIT hand empty-PRIV one season only apart, skill-person all once child hand-clumsy once, she never shamed hand-clumsy, just kept working-LOC, knew skill-PRIV hand today-from skill-COMIT hand tomorrow-from-becomes if they NEG driven.away shame-INST they learn before


frame: having-lacking
words_used: ["bubu", "kuku", "bayan", "kuni-way", "daji-way", "yamba-kari", "wula", "baji-way"]
loans_used: []
evidence: kuku-ji COMIT vs kuku-kari PRIV; kuni-way/daji-way/baji-way RECIP; law-vs-lawlessness
status: accepted
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:31:39.983536+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-03T07:36:40.618241+00:00
english:
The old man said the difference between a country with law and a country without law is the difference between a home and a battlefield, for law is what lets many people share one small good place without tearing each other apart, and a people without law is not free but doomed, each turned against each in an endless fight.

kuku:
Mukulungku dingkarangka balkan bubu kuku-ji bubu kuku-karimuny yindu-yindu yala bayan kuni-way-bubumuny, kuku nyulu bama wubulku bubu nyubun buban yukil daji-way kari nyubun-nyubunji baji-wayka, bama kuku-kari nyulu kari yamba-kari yambada wula-mabi, nyubun nyubunku kuni-way kuni-way kari bada bajaku.

analysis:
mukul-ungku dingkar-angka balka-ny bubu kuku-ji bubu kuku-kari-muny yindu-yindu yala bayan kuni-way-bubu-muny, kuku nyulu bama wubul-ku bubu nyubun buban yukil daji-way kari nyubun-nyubun-ji baji-way-ka, bama kuku-kari nyulu kari yamba-kari yambada wula-mabi, nyubun nyubun-ku kuni-way kuni-way kari bada bajaku | old man said country law-COMIT country law-PRIV-from different as home battlefield-from, law it people all place one small good share NEG each.other tear.apart-RECIP-DAT, people law-PRIV it NEG free but doomed-like, one one-DAT fight.each.other fight.each.other NEG end most


frame: having-lacking
words_used: ["jiba", "yajin", "milbil", "milka-wula", "binal", "wawu-jirray", "dakwuy", "wunay"]
loans_used: []
evidence: yajin-ji COMIT vs yajin-kari PRIV; the-full-and-empty-belly-teach-opposites
status: accepted
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:31:39.983536+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-03T07:36:40.618241+00:00
english:
The old woman said a full belly and an empty belly teach opposite lessons: the person with a full belly forgets easily and grows careless, while the person with an empty belly remembers every kindness and wastes nothing, so a wise people makes sure the young know real hunger once, but makes just as sure that no elder ever goes to sleep belly-empty.

kuku:
Wulbumanangka balkan jiba yajin-ji jiba yajin-kari yindu-yindu milbil: bama jiba yajin-ji nganga milka-wulal binal-kari-manda, yambada bama jiba yajin-kari karrbal wawu-jirray wubulku kari yamba kudamundu, bama binal karrkay dakwuy ngadiku binalman nyubun, yambada nganga mukul nyubun kariku jiba yajin-kari wunay.

analysis:
wulbuman-angka balka-ny jiba yajin-ji jiba yajin-kari yindu-yindu milbi-l: bama jiba yajin-ji nganga milka-wula-l binal-kari-ma-nda, yambada bama jiba yajin-kari karrba-l wawu-jirray wubul-ku kari yamba kudamundu, bama binal karrkay dakwuy ngadiku binal-ma-ny nyubun, yambada nganga mukul nyubun kariku jiba yajin-kari wuna-y | old.woman said belly full-COMIT belly full-PRIV opposite teach: person belly full-COMIT easily forgets careless-becomes, but person belly full-PRIV holds kindness all NEG thing wastes, people wise child hunger real once learns, but sure elder one never belly full-PRIV sleeps


frame: having-lacking
words_used: ["yamba-kari", "murni", "binal", "junkurr", "bubu", "mayi", "jawun", "wawu-jirray"]
loans_used: []
evidence: yamba-kari/bubu-kari/mayi-kari/jawun-kari PRIV; yamba-ji-bama COMIT; kindness-to-the-have-nothing
status: accepted
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:31:39.983536+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-03T07:36:40.618241+00:00
english:
The old man said watch how a person treats those with nothing, for a person is truly known not by how they act toward the powerful and the well-provided but by how they act toward the landless, the foodless, the friendless and the weak, and the one who is kind to the person with nothing is the only one whose kindness can be trusted at all.

kuku:
Mukulungku dingkarangka balkan nyaji yala bama nyubun yamba-karimuny murni, bama nyulu bajaku binal kari nyulu junkurr-bama yamba-ji-bamamuny murninya yambada nyulu bubu-kari mayi-kari jawun-kari junkurr-kari baja murninya, bama nyulu wawu-jirray yamba-kari bamamuny nyulu nyubun nganga nyungu wawu-jirray wawu-karrbalmuny.

analysis:
mukul-ungku dingkar-angka balka-ny nyaji yala bama nyubun yamba-kari-muny murni, bama nyulu bajaku binal kari nyulu junkurr-bama yamba-ji-bama-muny murni-nya yambada nyulu bubu-kari mayi-kari jawun-kari junkurr-kari baja murni-nya, bama nyulu wawu-jirray yamba-kari bama-muny nyulu nyubun nganga nyungu wawu-jirray wawu-karrba-l-muny | old man said watch how person one nothing-PRIV-toward treats, person he truly known NEG he strong-person thing-COMIT-person-toward acts but he land-PRIV food-PRIV friend-PRIV strength-PRIV too acts, person he kind nothing-PRIV person-toward he one only his kindness trust-ABL


frame: having-lacking
words_used: ["mukul", "milka", "warru", "jina", "junkurr", "miyil", "jalngkun", "dumbal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: milka-ji COMIT vs milka-kari PRIV; old-with-memory-young-without
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:31:39.983536+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The old woman said the old ones are people with memory and the young are people without it yet, and this is the whole reason the two must stay close, for the young have the strong legs and the sharp eyes the old have lost, and the old have the long memory the young have not yet made, and only together are they a whole and complete people.

kuku:
Wulbumanangka balkan mukul jana bama milka-ji warru jana bama milka-kari ngadiku, yinya kuku wubulku jambul junkurr janjilka, warru jina junkurr miyil jalngkun mukul bawanmuny, mukul milka kalbay warru kari ngadiku bunganmuny, nyubunji nganga jana bama nyubun wubulku dumban.

analysis:
wulbuman-angka balka-ny mukul jana bama milka-ji warru jana bama milka-kari ngadiku, yinya kuku wubul-ku jambul junkurr kaja-nka, warru jina junkurr miyil jalngkun mukul bawa-ny-muny, mukul milka kalbay warru kari ngadiku bunga-ny-muny, nyubun-ji nganga jana bama nyubun wubul-ku dumba-ny | old.woman said old they people memory-COMIT young they people memory-PRIV yet, that reason all two close stay-DAT, young foot strong eye sharp old lost-ABL, old memory long young NEG yet made-ABL, together-with only they people one whole complete


frame: having-lacking
words_used: ["wawubaja", "kuyu", "jalkar", "nyajil", "bana", "ngaral", "buyi", "kalka"]
loans_used: []
evidence: kuyu-ji COMIT vs kuyu-kari PRIV; reading-the-empty-water-from-the-full
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:31:39.983536+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The old man said a river with fish and a river without fish look exactly the same from the bank, and only the one who reads the water, the ripples, the birds, the small signs, can tell which is which before wasting a whole day, so learning to read the empty water from the full is one of the first skills a young fisher must gain.

kuku:
Mukulungku dingkarangka balkan wawubaja kuyu-ji wawubaja kuyu-kari nyubun yala jalkarmuny nyajil, nyubun nganga nyulu bana ngaral, bana-jarrba, buyi, wari buban baja, nyulu balkan wanya wanya wungar wubulku bawal ngadiku, bana kuyu-kari bana kuyu-jimuny ngaranka nyubun kalka ngadiku warru-kuyu-bama maninka.

analysis:
mukul-ungku dingkar-angka balka-ny wawubaja kuyu-ji wawubaja kuyu-kari nyubun yala jalkar-muny nyaji-l, nyubun nganga nyulu bana ngara-l, bana-jarrba, buyi, wari buban baja, nyulu balka-ny wanya wanya wungar wubul-ku bawa-l ngadiku, bana kuyu-kari bana kuyu-ji-muny ngara-nka nyubun kalka ngadiku warru-kuyu-bama mani-nka | old man said river fish-COMIT river fish-PRIV same as bank-from look, one only he water reads, ripple, birds, sign small too, it tells which which day all waste before, water fish-PRIV water fish-COMIT-from read-DAT one skill first young-fisher gain-DAT


frame: having-lacking
words_used: ["maku-janay", "kirraji", "dumbal", "balji", "minya", "jani", "kalka", "janka-yukil"]
loans_used: []
evidence: maku-janal-ji COMIT vs maku-janal-kari PRIV; patience-finishes-every-skill
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:31:39.983536+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:23:37.213746+00:00
english:
The old woman said a person with patience and a person without it can do the very same work, but the one with patience finishes the fine basket, the true-cooked meat, the well-made spear, while the impatient one leaves a trail of half-done, spoiled, and broken things behind them all their lives, so patience is the quiet skill that finishes every other skill.

kuku:
Wulbumanangka balkan bama maku-janal-ji bama maku-janal-kari nyubun yala kirraji bungal, maku-janal-ji dumban balji yukil, minya jani, kalka yukil-bungal, maku-janal-kari nyulu bawan yamba buban-manda, mumbu, kaka baja janka nyungumuny wawu wubulmuny, maku-janal nyulu janka-yukil dandi nyulu janka-yukil yindu wubulku dumbalmu.

analysis:
wulbuman-angka balka-ny bama maku-jana-l-ji bama maku-jana-l-kari nyubun yala kirraji bunga-l, maku-jana-l-ji dumba-ny balji yukil, minya jani, kalka yukil-bunga-l, maku-jana-l-kari nyulu bawa-ny yamba buban-ma-nda, mumbu, kaka baja janka nyungu-muny wawu wubul-muny, maku-jana-l nyulu janka-yukil dandi nyulu janka-yukil yindu wubul-ku dumba-l-mu | old.woman said person patience-COMIT person patience-PRIV same work do, patience-COMIT finishes basket good, meat well-cooked, spear well-made, patience-PRIV he leaves thing half-done, spoiled, broken too behind his life all-ABL, patience it skill quiet it skill other all finishes-POSS


frame: having-lacking
words_used: ["yinil", "mumbu", "balbil", "warri", "buyun", "kanban", "dukurr", "mara"]
loans_used: []
evidence: yinil-ji COMIT vs yinil-kari PRIV; dukurr-bu LOC; the-fearful-the-fearless-and-the-brave
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:31:39.983536+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:14:52.036862+00:00
english:
The old man said a person with fear and a person without fear are both dangerous in the hunt, for the one full of fear freezes or flees and gets others hurt, but the one with no fear at all takes mad risks and dies young, and the good hunter is the one in the middle, who feels the fear, respects it, and acts anyway with a steady hand.

kuku:
Mukulungku dingkarangka balkan bama yinil-ji bama yinil-kari jambul mumbu-mabi balbilba, yinil-ji buwan nyulu janan yambada warri yindu buyun-bungal, yambada yinil-kari bajaku nyulu kanban junkurr manil wulal warru, balbi-bama yukil nyulu dukurr-bu, nyulu yinil milkabu baykal, wawu-karrbal, murni yambada mara junkurr-bu.

analysis:
mukul-ungku dingkar-angka balka-ny bama yinil-ji bama yinil-kari jambul mumbu-mabi balbi-l-ba, yinil-ji buwa-ny nyulu jana-ny yambada warri yindu buyun-bunga-l, yambada yinil-kari bajaku nyulu kanban junkurr mani-l wula-l warru, balbi-bama yukil nyulu dukurr-bu, nyulu yinil milka-bu bayka-l, wawu-karrba-l, murni yambada mara junkurr-bu | old man said person fear-COMIT person fear-PRIV both danger-like hunt-LOC, fear-COMIT full he freezes but flees other hurt-makes, but fear-PRIV very he mistakenly danger takes dies young, hunter good he middle-LOC, he fear respects, trusts, acts anyway hand steady-INST | ...


frame: having-lacking
words_used: ["kuku-yiku", "jangkar", "bubu", "ngadiku-bama", "kada", "kunjal", "karrkay", "jina"]
loans_used: []
evidence: jangkar-ji COMIT vs jangkar-kari PRIV; kunjal 'call up'; a-name-with-a-story-and-without
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:31:39.983536+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The old woman said a name with a story behind it and a name without one are not the same at all: a person's name should carry the country, the ancestors, and the event it came from, so that to say the name is to call up all of that, and a child given a name empty of story is given only a sound, not a place in the long line of the people.

kuku:
Wulbumanangka balkan kuku jangkar-ji kuku jangkar-kari nyubun kari yala: bama nyungu kuku karrbanka bubu, ngadiku-bama, yamba nyulu kadanmuny baja, yundu kuku balkanya yundu yamba wubulku kunjal, karrkay nyulu kuku jangkar-kari dayan nyulu kuku nganga dayan, kari bubu bama jina kalbay-mba.

analysis:
wulbuman-angka balka-ny kuku jangkar-ji kuku jangkar-kari nyubun kari yala: bama nyungu kuku karrba-nka bubu, ngadiku-bama, yamba nyulu kada-ny-muny baja, yundu kuku balka-nya yundu yamba wubul-ku kunja-l, karrkay nyulu kuku jangkar-kari daya-ny nyulu kuku nganga daya-ny, kari bubu bama jina kalbay-mba | old.woman said name story-COMIT name story-PRIV NEG same: person his name hold-DAT country, ancestors, event it came-from too, you name say-SUB you thing all call.up, child he name story-PRIV given he sound only given, NEG place people line long-LOC


frame: having-lacking
words_used: ["jina", "jirakal", "mukul", "balkal", "minya", "jilbay", "binal", "wukurril"]
loans_used: []
evidence: jirakal-ji vs mukul-ji COMIT; reading-fresh-marked-from-stale
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:31:39.983536+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The old man said a track with fresh sign and a track with old sign both tell you an animal passed, but only the reader who can tell the wet-edged new print from the crumbling old one knows whether to follow now or turn away, so learning to read fresh-marked ground from stale-marked ground is the very heart of the whole art of tracking.

kuku:
Mukulungku dingkarangka balkan jina jirakal-ji jina mukul-ji jambul yundunka balkan minya nyubun jilbanmuny, nyubun nganga nyaji-bama nyulu balkal jina duna-nga jirakal jina buban-manda mukulmuny nyulu binal wukurri nyikuku yambada bawa dungayku, jina jirakal-ji bubu jina mukul-ji bubumuny ngaranka nyulu jina-binal wubulku milka bada bajaku.

analysis:
mukul-ungku dingkar-angka balka-ny jina jirakal-ji jina mukul-ji jambul yundu-nka balka-ny minya nyubun jilba-ny-muny, nyubun nganga nyaji-bama nyulu balka-l jina duna-nga jirakal jina buban-ma-nda mukul-muny nyulu binal wukurri nyiku-ku yambada bawa dunga-y-ku, jina jirakal-ji bubu jina mukul-ji bubu-muny ngara-nka nyulu jina-binal wubul-ku milka bada bajaku | old man said track fresh-COMIT track old-COMIT both you-to tell creature one passed-ABL, one only tracker he tells track wet-edge fresh track crumbling old-from he knows follow now-DAT or leave go-DAT, track fresh-COMIT ground track old-COMIT ground-from read-DAT it tracker all heart deep most


frame: having-lacking
words_used: ["dunyu", "karrkay", "mumbu", "bikirr", "bayan", "mara", "wawu-jirray", "dayal"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:31:39.983536+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-03T07:36:40.618241+00:00
english:
The old woman said a marriage with children and a marriage without them are both good and both hard, and she would not let the childless couple be pitied or shamed, for she said they carry the whole camp's children in a different way, as the ones with time and hands to spare, and a wise camp gives its orphans and its extra work to the childless with-love, not with-shame.

kuku:
Wulbumanangka balkan dunyu karrkay-ji dunyu karrkay-kari jambul yukil jambul dandi, nyulu kari dunyu karrkay-kari mumbu-bungal bikirr-bungal baja, nyulu balkan jana bayan wubulku karrkay karrbal yindu yala, bama wungar mara-ji buban baja, bayan binal karrkay-ngamu-kari kirraji yindu baja karrkay-karinka dayal wawu-jirray-ji, kari bikirr-ji.

analysis:
wulbuman-angka balka-ny dunyu karrkay-ji dunyu karrkay-kari jambul yukil jambul dandi, nyulu kari dunyu karrkay-kari mumbu-bunga-l bikirr-bunga-l baja, nyulu balka-ny jana bayan wubul-ku karrkay karrba-l yindu yala, bama wungar mara-ji buban baja, bayan binal karrkay-ngamu-kari kirraji yindu baja karrkay-kari-nka daya-l wawu-jirray-ji, kari bikirr-ji | old.woman said couple child-COMIT couple child-PRIV both good both hard, she NEG couple child-PRIV pitied shamed too, she said they camp all children hold different as, people time hand-COMIT spare too, camp wise orphan work extra too childless-for gives love-COMIT, NEG shame-COMIT | ...

evidence:
karrkay-ji COMIT vs karrkay-kari PRIV; wawu-jirray-ji COMIT 'with love'; the-childless-couple-mothers-differently


frame: having-lacking
words_used: ["mara", "daji", "bayan", "binal", "mayi", "daji-way", "yamba-kari", "kalbal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: daji-ji COMIT vs janyjin-kari PRIV; nyubun-ba LOC(n); the-open-hand-and-the-closed
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:31:39.983536+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:46:05.836376+00:00
english:
The old man said a hand with generosity and a hand that is closed are known to the whole camp within a season, for nothing a person does is more closely watched than how they share food, and the open-handed one will never go without in old age because the camp remembers, while the tight-fisted one may find themselves strangely alone when they finally need help.

kuku:
Mukulungku dingkarangka balkan mara daji-ji mara kajan-kari bayan wubulku binal wungar nyubunba, yamba nyubun bama bungal kari ngulkurr-baja nyajil yala nyulu mayi daji-way, mara-kaja-kari-bama nyulu kariku bajaku yamba-kari mukul-mandanya bayan karrbalmu, mara-kulun-bama nyulu nyaji-manda nganga bajaku nyulu bajaku kalbal wawu-manilnya.

analysis:
mukul-ungku dingkar-angka balka-ny mara daji-ji mara kaja-ny-kari bayan wubul-ku binal wungar nyubun-ba, yamba nyubun bama bunga-l kari ngulkurr-baja nyaji-l yala nyulu mayi daji-way, mara-kaja-kari-bama nyulu kariku bajaku yamba-kari mukul-ma-nda-nya bayan karrba-l-mu, mara-kulun-bama nyulu nyaji-ma-nda nganga bajaku nyulu bajaku kalbal wawu-ma-ni-l-nya | old man said hand giving-COMIT hand closed-PRIV camp all known season one-LOC, thing one person does NEG more.closely watched how he food shares, open-hand-person he never truly nothing-PRIV old-becomes-SUB camp holds-because, tight-hand-person he finds himself alone very he finally help wants-SUB | ...


frame: having-lacking
words_used: ["bubu", "kujil", "janyji", "jina", "bana", "jangkar", "baya", "milka-wula"]
loans_used: []
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:31:39.983536+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:46:46.245393+00:00
english:
The old woman said a country with a keeper and a country without one grow apart within a single lifetime, for the kept country has its tracks kept clear, its waters kept clean, its stories kept alive and its burning done in season, while the keeper-less country grows wild and choked and dangerous and slowly forgets the people just as the people forgot it.

kuku:
Wulbumanangka balkan bubu kuji-bama-ji bubu kuji-bama-kari yindu-yindu janji wawu nyubun kalbay-mba, bubu kujin nyungu jina jirakal karrban, bana yukil karrban, jangkar wunay karrban baya wungar bungan, yambada bubu kuji-bama-kari jiwarrin karra-manda yinil-manda buban-buban milka-wulan bama yala bama nyulu milka-wulanmuny.

analysis:
wulbuman-angka balka-ny bubu kuji-bama-ji bubu kuji-bama-kari yindu-yindu karra wawu nyubun kalbay-mba, bubu kuji-ny nyungu jina jirakal karrba-ny, bana yukil karrba-ny, jangkar wuna-y karrba-ny baya wungar bunga-ny, yambada bubu kuji-bama-kari jiwarri-ny karra-ma-nda yinil-ma-nda buban-buban milka-wula-ny bama yala bama nyulu milka-wula-ny-muny | old.woman said country keeper-COMIT country keeper-PRIV apart grow life one-LOC, country kept its tracks fresh kept, water good kept, story alive kept fire season made, but country keeper-PRIV wild.grows choked dangerous-becomes slowly forgets people as people it forgot-ABL | ...

evidence:
kuji-bama-ji COMIT vs kuji-bama-kari PRIV; kalbay-nga LOC(l)->kalbayba? l->-ba FIX kalbayba; kept-country-vs-abandoned


frame: having-lacking
words_used: ["ngamba", "dandi", "bangkarr", "wungar", "kuni-way", "janka-yukil", "bayan", "binal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: ngamba-ji COMIT vs ngamba-kari PRIV; kuni-way-nga RECIP+LOC; anger-and-anger-less-both-needed
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:31:39.983536+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-03T08:40:25.660608+00:00
english:
The old man said a person with anger in them and a person without it are not better and worse but simply different tools for different days, for the angry one holds the line in a fight and will not be pushed, while the anger-less one keeps the peace and mends the quarrel, and a camp needs both, but each must know which day is theirs.

kuku:
Mukulungku dingkarangka balkan bama dukul-wuri-ji bama dukul-wuri-kari kari yukil dandi yambada nganga yindu-yindu bangkarr wungar yindu-yindunka, dukul-wuri-ji nyulu janan kuni-way-mba kari nyulu wandi-manda, yambada dukul-wuri-kari nyulu janka-yukil karrbal baji murni-manil, bayan jambul wawu-manil, nyubun nyubun binal wanya wungar nyungu.

analysis:
mukul-ungku dingkar-angka balka-ny bama dukul-wuri-ji bama dukul-wuri-kari kari yukil dandi yambada nganga yindu-yindu bangkarr wungar yindu-yindu-nka, dukul-wuri-ji nyulu jana-ny kuni-way-mba kari nyulu wandi-ma-nda, yambada dukul-wuri-kari nyulu janka-yukil karrba-l baji murni-ma-ni-l, bayan jambul wawu-ma-ni-l, nyubun nyubun binal wanya wungar nyungu | old man said person anger-COMIT person anger-PRIV NEG better worse but just different tool day different-for, anger-COMIT he stands fight-LOC NEG he pushed, but anger-PRIV he peace holds quarrel mends, camp both needs, one one knows which day his | ...


frame: having-lacking
words_used: ["jiri", "ngurrban", "ngaral", "jirakal", "wungar", "bana", "jarramali", "nganja"]
loans_used: []
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:31:39.983536+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The old woman said the sky with cloud and the sky without cloud each carry their own reading: the clear cloudless sky at the wrong season means the hard dry is deepening and the waterholes must be watched, while the sky heavy with cloud may mean the rain that saves or the storm that destroys, so a person must read not just cloud-or-none but the whole shape and color and movement of it.

kuku:
Wulbumanangka balkan jiri ngurrban-ji jiri ngurrban-kari nyubun nyubun nyungu-nyungu ngaral: jiri jirakal ngurrban-kari wungar yukil-karinga jina-kiway junkurr-manda bana-janku nyajinka, yambada jiri ngurrban junkurr-ji nyulu bana wula-manil yambada jarramali murni-manil, bama nyulu ngaral kari nganga ngurrban-yamba-kari yambada jarrba nganja-jarray murni baja wubulku.

analysis:
wulbuman-angka balka-ny jiri ngurrban-ji jiri ngurrban-kari nyubun nyubun nyungu-nyungu ngara-l: jiri jirakal ngurrban-kari wungar yukil-kari-nga jina-kiway junkurr-ma-nda bana-janku nyaji-nka, yambada jiri ngurrban junkurr-ji nyulu bana wula-ma-ni-l yambada jarramali murni-ma-ni-l, bama nyulu ngara-l kari nganga ngurrban-yamba-kari yambada jarrba nganja-jarray murni baja wubul-ku | old.woman said sky cloud-COMIT sky cloud-PRIV each its own reading: sky clear cloud-PRIV season wrong-LOC dry hard deepens waterhole watch-DAT, but sky cloud heavy-COMIT it water saves or storm makes, person he reads NEG just cloud-thing-PRIV but shape color movement too all | ...

evidence:
ngurrban-ji COMIT vs ngurrban-kari PRIV; junkurr-ji COMIT 'heavy-with'; reading-the-clouded-and-clear-sky


frame: having-lacking
words_used: ["warru", "yulmbarril", "milbil", "binal", "dayal", "mumbu", "dingkar", "kuku"]
loans_used: []
evidence: yulmbarril-ji COMIT vs yulmbarril-kari PRIV; the-respectful-and-disrespectful-youth
status: accepted
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:31:39.983536+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-03T07:36:40.618241+00:00
english:
The old man said a young man with respect and a young man without it are welcomed very differently into the men's business, for the respectful one is taught freely and quickly because the teaching is safe with him, while the disrespectful one is taught slowly and little, if at all, because knowledge given to a person without respect becomes a danger to everyone.

kuku:
Mukulungku dingkarangka balkan warru yulmbarril-ji warru yulmbarril-kari yindu-yindu yala dingkar-kuku-mundu manil, yulmbarril-ji milbin yukil warri baja milbil nyunji yukil, yambada yulmbarril-kari milbin buban-buban buban baja, yambada kariku, binal dayan bama yulmbarril-karinka nyulu mumbu-manda bama wubulkunka.

analysis:
mukul-ungku dingkar-angka balka-ny warru yulmbarril-ji warru yulmbarril-kari yindu-yindu yala dingkar-kuku-mundu mani-l, yulmbarril-ji milbi-ny yukil warri baja milbi-l nyun-ji yukil, yambada yulmbarril-kari milbi-ny buban-buban buban baja, yambada kariku, binal daya-ny bama yulmbarril-kari-nka nyulu mumbu-ma-nda bama wubul-ku-nka | old man said young.man respect-COMIT young.man respect-PRIV differently as men-business-toward taken, respect-COMIT taught freely fast too teaching him-with safe, but respect-PRIV taught slowly little too, or never, knowledge given person respect-PRIV-for it danger-becomes people all-for | ...


frame: having-lacking
words_used: ["jalbu", "mayi", "binal", "majaji", "jilbay", "kalbal", "janka-yukil", "wungar"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:31:39.983536+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-03T07:36:40.618241+00:00
english:
The old woman said a woman with the plant knowledge and a woman without it live in two different worlds, for the one who knows the plants walks through the scrub seeing food and medicine and craft everywhere she looks, while the one without that knowledge sees only green sameness, so she spent whole years passing the plant lore to the girls, name by name and use by use.

kuku:
Wulbumanangka balkan jalbu mayi-binal-ji jalbu mayi-binal-kari jambul bubu yindu-yindungu wunay, mayi binal-ji nyulu majaji jilbal mayi kalbal janka-yukil baja nyajil wanja nyulu nyajilnya, yambada binal-kari nyulu jinbal nyubun-baja nyajil, nyulu wungar wubulku buwan mayi-kuku jalbu-buban-mundu, kuku nyubun kuku nyubun yukil nyubun yukil nyubun.

analysis:
wulbuman-angka balka-ny jalbu mayi-binal-ji jalbu mayi-binal-kari jambul bubu yindu-yindu-ngu wuna-y, mayi binal-ji nyulu majaji jilba-l mayi kalbal janka-yukil baja nyaji-l wanja nyulu nyaji-l-nya, yambada binal-kari nyulu jinbal nyubun-baja nyaji-l, nyulu wungar wubul-ku buwa-ny mayi-kuku jalbu-buban-mundu, kuku nyubun kuku nyubun yukil nyubun yukil nyubun | old.woman said woman plant-knowledge-COMIT woman plant-knowledge-PRIV two world different-LOC live, plant knowledge-COMIT she scrub walks food medicine craft too sees where she looks-SUB, but knowledge-PRIV she green sameness sees, she years all filled plant-lore girls-toward, name one name one use one use one | ...

evidence:
mayi-binal-ji COMIT vs mayi-binal-kari PRIV; yindu-yindu-nga LOC(u); the-woman-with-and-without-plant-knowledge


frame: having-lacking
words_used: ["kuku", "dandi", "murni", "jarrba", "yinil", "baji-way", "balkal", "binal"]
loans_used: []
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:31:39.983536+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:46:05.836376+00:00
english:
The old man said a group with an agreed leader and a group without one face a crisis in opposite ways, for the led group acts as one body in the sudden danger while the leaderless group scatters into argument and delay, and though the old people had no kings, they always agreed beforehand who would speak for all in the moment when there was no time to decide.

kuku:
Mukulungku dingkarangka balkan bama-wubul kuku-bama-ji bama-wubul kuku-bama-kari dandi yindu-yindu yala murni, kuku-bama-ji bama nyubun janka yala murni jarrba yinilba yambada kuku-bama-kari jana karra baji-way dandi baja, bama mukul kuku-yalbay-kari yala, jana yabarrka ngadiku karra wanya balkal wubulmuny wungar bada bajaku binalka.

analysis:
mukul-ungku dingkar-angka balka-ny bama-wubul kuku-bama-ji bama-wubul kuku-bama-kari dandi yindu-yindu yala murni, kuku-bama-ji bama nyubun janka yala murni jarrba yinil-ba yambada kuku-bama-kari jana karra baji-way dandi baja, bama mukul kuku-yalbay-kari yala, jana yabarrka ngadiku karra wanya balka-l wubul-muny wungar bada bajaku binal-ka | old man said group leader-COMIT group leader-PRIV crisis oppositely as act, leader-COMIT people one body as act sudden danger-LOC but leader-PRIV they scatter quarrel-RECIP delay too, people old king-PRIV as, they always beforehand agreed who speaks all-for time none most decide-DAT | ...

evidence:
kuku-bama-ji COMIT vs kuku-bama-kari PRIV; yinil-nga LOC(l)->yinilba FIX; the-led-and-leaderless-group


frame: having-lacking
words_used: ["wawu", "karrbal", "dayal", "jiba", "milbil", "daji", "mara-kulun", "yamba"]
loans_used: []
evidence: wawu-ji vs wawu-kari; the-giver-is-rich-the-hoarder-poor
status: accepted
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:31:39.983536+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-03T07:36:40.618241+00:00
english:
The old woman said the difference between a life with meaning and a life without it is not in what a person owns but in what a person gives, for she had seen rich people die empty and poor people die full, and she taught that the person with much to give and no wish to keep it is the richest of all, while the hoarder with everything is the truly poor one.

kuku:
Wulbumanangka balkan wawu-ji-janay wawu-kari-janay yindu-yindu kari yamba bama karrbalmuny yambada yamba bama dayalmuny, nyulu nyajin yamba-ji-bama wulal jiba-kari yamba-kari-bama wulal jiba-ji, nyulu milbin bama daji wubul-ji karrba-wawu-kari nyulu yamba-ji bajaku wubulmuny, mara-kulun-bama yamba wubulku-ji nyulu yamba-kari bajaku.

analysis:
wulbuman-angka balka-ny wawu-ji-jana-y wawu-kari-jana-y yindu-yindu kari yamba bama karrba-l-muny yambada yamba bama daya-l-muny, nyulu nyaji-ny yamba-ji-bama wula-l jiba-kari yamba-kari-bama wula-l jiba-ji, nyulu milbi-ny bama daji wubul-ji karrba-wawu-kari nyulu yamba-ji bajaku wubul-muny, mara-kulun-bama yamba wubul-ku-ji nyulu yamba-kari bajaku | old.woman said meaning-COMIT-life meaning-PRIV-life different NEG thing person owns-from but thing person gives-from, she saw thing-COMIT-person dies belly-PRIV nothing-person dies belly-COMIT, she taught person giving much-COMIT keep-desire-PRIV he thing-COMIT most all-ABL, hoarder thing all-COMIT he thing-PRIV most | ...


frame: having-lacking
words_used: ["kalka", "bubu", "wunay", "yilbal", "yamba", "mumbu", "miyil", "murni"]
loans_used: []
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:31:39.983536+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The old man said a spear with a good balance and a spear without it look almost identical lying on the ground, but in the throw the difference is everything, and this is true of many things a person makes: the flaw is invisible to the eye and only shows itself in the using, so a maker must learn to feel the rightness with the hands, not just see it.

kuku:
Mukulungku dingkarangka balkan kalka yukil-ji kalka yukil-kari nyubun yala bubu wangkar wunay, yilbalba yindu-yindu yamba wubulku, yinya yukil yamba wubulmuny bama bungalmuny: mumbu miyil-kari nyulu janka manil-mabinga nyubun murnil, murni-bama nyulu binalman yukil maranga jilbanka, kari nganga nyajil.

analysis:
mukul-ungku dingkar-angka balka-ny kalka yukil-ji kalka yukil-kari nyubun yala bubu wangkar wuna-y, yilba-l-ba yindu-yindu yamba wubul-ku, yinya yukil yamba wubul-muny bama bunga-l-muny: mumbu miyil-kari nyulu janka mani-l-mabi-nga nyubun murni-l, murni-bama nyulu binal-ma-ny yukil mara-nga jilba-nka, kari nganga nyaji-l | old man said spear good-COMIT spear good-PRIV same as ground on lies, throw-LOC different thing all, that true thing all-from person makes-ABL: flaw eye-PRIV it using time-LOC only shows, maker he learn rightness hand-LOC feel-DAT, NEG just sees | ...

evidence:
balance-ji COMIT vs balance-kari PRIV (balance loanword? use kaki-balance); the-flaw-shows-only-in-the-using


frame: having-lacking
words_used: ["baya", "juku", "kija", "kunya", "wumbul", "kubu", "karrkay", "bangkal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: juku-kija-ji vs juku-duna-ji COMIT; yukil-nga LOC(l)->yukilba FIX; dry-wood-store-vs-none
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:31:39.983536+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:22:22.593599+00:00
english:
The old woman said a fire with dry wood and a fire with wet wood are the difference between a warm night and a smoky, sputtering, miserable one, and she taught the children to always gather and store the dry wood in the good weather, for the person with a dry-wood store laughs at the rain while the storeless person shivers and curses it.

kuku:
Wulbumanangka balkan baya juku-kiway-ji baya juku-duna-ji yindu-yindu yala wujurr wumbul wujurr kubu-ji, jirra-jirra, mumbu baja, nyulu karrkay-karrkay milbin yabarrka juku-kiway bangkal karrbal wungar yukilba, bama juku-kiway-karrban-ji nyulu yajarrin banamuny yambada karrban-kari bama nyulu yararrin mumbu balkanya.

analysis:
wulbuman-angka balka-ny baya juku-kiway-ji baya juku-duna-ji yindu-yindu yala wujurr wumbul wujurr kubu-ji, jirra-jirra, mumbu baja, nyulu karrkay-karrkay milbi-ny yabarrka juku-kiway bangka-l karrba-l wungar yukil-ba, bama juku-kiway-karrba-ny-ji nyulu yajarri-ny bana-muny yambada karrba-ny-kari bama nyulu yararri-n mumbu balka-nya | old.woman said fire dry.wood-COMIT fire wet.wood-COMIT different as night warm night smoke-COMIT, sputtering, miserable too, she children taught always dry.wood gather store good.weather-LOC, person dry.wood-store-COMIT he laughs rain-at but store-PRIV person he shivers miserably curses-SUB | ...


frame: having-lacking
words_used: ["nyulu-nyulu-karrba", "dandi", "murni", "bunday", "kaki", "mayi", "baral", "binal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: self-control-ji vs -kari; yukil-nga LOC(l)->yukilba FIX; character-is-tested-in-plenty
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:31:39.983536+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:46:05.836376+00:00
english:
The old man said a person with self-control and a person without it are tested most not in hardship but in plenty, for anyone can be careful when there is little, but only the person with real self-command stays measured and fair when the food is heaped high and the easy road lies open, so watch a person in their good times to know their true character.

kuku:
Mukulungku dingkarangka balkan bama nyulu-nyulu-karrba-ji bama nyulu-nyulu-karrba-kari nyaji bajaku kari dandi-ngunduka yambada wubul-ngunduka, bama wubulku murni buban-buban janji yamba buban janay-mba, nyubun nganga bama nyulu-nyulu-karrba-ji junkurr nyulu bunda yukil kaki mayi wubul-yalbay wangkar baral yukil naka-naka wunay-mba, nyaji bama nyungu wungar yukilba binalka nyungu janka bajaku.

analysis:
mukul-ungku dingkar-angka balka-ny bama nyulu-nyulu-karrba-ji bama nyulu-nyulu-karrba-kari nyaji bajaku kari dandi-ngundu-ka yambada wubul-ngundu-ka, bama wubul-ku murni buban-buban karra yamba buban jana-y-mba, nyubun nganga bama nyulu-nyulu-karrba-ji junkurr nyulu bunda yukil kaki mayi wubul-yalbay wangkar baral yukil naka-naka wuna-y-mba, nyaji bama nyungu wungar yukil-ba binal-ka nyungu janka bajaku | old man said person self-control-COMIT person self-control-PRIV tested most NEG hardship-LOC but plenty-LOC, person all careful little thing small is-LOC, one only person self-control-COMIT strong he sits measured if food big heaped road easy across lies-SUB, watch person his time good-LOC know-DAT his character true | ...


frame: having-lacking
words_used: ["wulngku", "kuku", "milka-wula", "badil", "karrbal", "junkurr", "bunday", "kunarangkal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: yukil-ji vs kuku-kari; gathering-a-song-back-before-it-goes-wordless
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:31:39.983536+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:46:05.836376+00:00
english:
The old woman said a song with the right words and a song with forgotten words are both still sung, but only the whole song carries its whole power, so when an old singer began to lose the words she would sit with them for many evenings and gather the song back word by word before it was lost, for a song gone wordless is a door to the past closed forever.

kuku:
Wulbumanangka balkan wulngku kuku yukil-ji wulngku kuku milka-wulan-ji jambul badil, nyubun nganga wulngku wubulku karrbal nyungu junkurr wubulku, mukul-badi-bama nyulu kuku milka-wula ngadiku nyulu jananji bundan kunarangkal wubulku wulngku bangkan kuku nyubun kuku nyubun bawanya ngadiku, wulngku kuku-kari nyulu dukul-wuri ngadiku-mundu kajan bada bajaku.

analysis:
wulbuman-angka balka-ny wulngku kuku yukil-ji wulngku kuku milka-wula-ny-ji jambul badi-l, nyubun nganga wulngku wubul-ku karrba-l nyungu junkurr wubul-ku, mukul-badi-bama nyulu kuku milka-wula ngadiku nyulu jana-nji bunda-ny kunarangkal wubul-ku wulngku bangka-ny kuku nyubun kuku nyubun bawa-nya ngadiku, wulngku kuku-kari nyulu dukul-wuri ngadiku-mundu kaja-ny bada bajaku | old.woman said song word right-COMIT song word forgotten-COMIT both sung, one only song whole carries its power all, old-singer she word forget begins she them-with sat evenings all song gathered word one word one lost-SUB before, song word-PRIV it door past-toward closed deep most | ...


frame: having-lacking
words_used: ["dandi", "warru", "dakwuy", "kirraji", "binal", "junkurr", "karrkay", "dayal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: dandi-ji COMIT vs dandi-kari PRIV; just-enough-hardship-to-grow-strong
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:31:39.983536+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:22:22.593599+00:00
english:
The old man said a boy raised with hardship and a boy raised without any becomes a different kind of man, for the one who has known cold and hunger and effort holds a strength the soft-raised one has never built, yet too much hardship breaks a child, so the old people gave the young just enough difficulty to grow strong on, and no more.

kuku:
Mukulungku dingkarangka balkan buban dandi-ji warru-manin buban dandi-kari warru-manin yindu-yindu dingkar-manda, nyulu kiway-kiway dakwuy kirraji baja binalmuny nyulu junkurr karrbal jinbal-ji-bama kari ngadiku bunganmuny, yambada dandi wubul-yalbay karrkay kakal, bama mukul warru dandi buban dayan junkurr-mandanka, kari wubul-baja.

analysis:
mukul-ungku dingkar-angka balka-ny buban dandi-ji warru-ma-ni-ny buban dandi-kari warru-ma-ni-ny yindu-yindu dingkar-ma-nda, nyulu kiway-kiway dakwuy kirraji baja binal-muny nyulu junkurr karrba-l jinbal-ji-bama kari ngadiku bunga-ny-muny, yambada dandi wubul-yalbay karrkay kaka-l, bama mukul warru dandi buban daya-ny junkurr-ma-nda-nka, kari wubul-baja | old man said boy hardship-COMIT raised boy hardship-PRIV raised different man-becomes, he cold hunger effort too knew-from he strength holds soft-COMIT-person NEG once built-ABL, but hardship too.big child breaks, people old young hardship little gave strong-become-for, NEG more | ...


frame: having-lacking
words_used: ["bubu", "janyji", "karrbal", "wawu", "janku", "kuni-way", "jawun", "kalbay"]
loans_used: []
evidence: bubu-ji COMIT vs bubu-kari PRIV; the-rooted-and-the-landless
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:31:39.983536+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The old woman said a person with a home country and a person cut off from theirs carry themselves differently for the whole of their lives, for the one rooted in country stands on something that cannot be taken, while the landless one, however successful, carries a hollow that nothing else quite fills, so the old people fought hardest of all to keep every family tied to its own ground.

kuku:
Wulbumanangka balkan bama bubu-ji bama bubu-nyungumuny kajan yindu-yindu karrbal wawu wubulku kalbay-mba, bubu-ji nyulu yamba nyubun kari manilmuny wangkar janan, yambada bubu-kari, ngulkurr yala, nyulu janku karrbal yamba yindu nyubun kari yukil buwal, bama mukul kuni-way junkurr bajaku jawun-karra wubulku nyungu bubu-mundu kajanka.

analysis:
wulbuman-angka balka-ny bama bubu-ji bama bubu nyungu-muny kaja-ny yindu-yindu karrba-l wawu wubul-ku kalbay-mba, bubu-ji nyulu yamba nyubun kari mani-l-muny wangkar jana-ny, yambada bubu-kari, ngulkurr yala, nyulu janku karrba-l yamba yindu nyubun kari yukil buwa-l, bama mukul kuni-way junkurr bajaku jawun-karra wubul-ku nyungu bubu-mundu kaja-nka | old.woman said person country-COMIT person country his-from cut different carry life all-LOC, country-COMIT he thing one NEG taken-ABL on stands, but country-PRIV, successful although, he hollow holds thing other one NEG quite fills, people old fight strong most family all its country-toward tie-DAT | ...


frame: having-lacking
words_used: ["kuku-junkurr", "wawu", "miyil", "warru", "milbil", "karrbal", "binal", "wawu-karrba"]
loans_used: []
evidence: wawu-ji COMIT vs wawu-kari PRIV; the-promise-with-intention-and-the-empty
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:31:39.983536+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The old man said a promise with intention behind it and a promise without any are opposite things wearing the same words, and he could tell them apart in a person's face, so he taught the young to make few promises and keep every one, for a person known for promises-with-keeping is trusted with everything, while a person of empty promises is soon believed in nothing at all.

kuku:
Mukulungku dingkarangka balkan kuku-junkurr wawu-ji kuku-junkurr wawu-kari yindu-yindu yamba kuku nyubun buwan, nyulu balkal jana bama miyilba, nyulu warru milbin kuku buban bunganka nyubun wubulku karrbanka, bama binal kuku-junkurr-karrba-ji nyulu wawu-karrbal yamba wubulkubu, bama kuku-junkurr-kari nyulu nganga kariku wawu-karrbal yamba nyubunku.

analysis:
mukul-ungku dingkar-angka balka-ny kuku-junkurr wawu-ji kuku-junkurr wawu-kari yindu-yindu yamba kuku nyubun buwa-ny, nyulu balka-l jana bama miyil-ba, nyulu warru milbi-ny kuku buban bunga-nka nyubun wubul-ku karrba-nka, bama binal kuku-junkurr-karrba-ji nyulu wawu-karrba-l yamba wubul-ku-bu, bama kuku-junkurr-kari nyulu nganga kariku wawu-karrba-l yamba nyubun-ku | old man said promise intention-COMIT promise intention-PRIV opposite thing word same wears, he tells them person face-LOC, he young taught promises few make-DAT one all keep-DAT, person known promise-keeping-COMIT he trusted thing all-INST, person promise-PRIV he soon never trusted thing one-DAT | ...


frame: having-lacking
words_used: ["juwal", "bubu", "kujil", "warri", "dayal", "majaji", "nyunbay", "binal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: kuji-ji COMIT vs kuji-kari PRIV; cared-for-grows-careless-withers
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:31:39.983536+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:46:05.836376+00:00
english:
The old woman said a garden of yams tended and a patch left untended diverge quickly, for the tended ground gives back tenfold what is put in while the neglected ground returns to scrub, and this is the deepest law she knew of all living things, people and plants and country alike: what is cared-for grows, and what is care-less withers, and there is no third way.

kuku:
Wulbumanangka balkan juwal-bubu kuji-ji bubu kuji-kari warri janji, kuji-ji bubu dayal wubul-baja wanya bada yijarrinmuny yambada kuji-kari bubu majaji-mundu nyunbal, yinya kuku bada bajaku nyulu binalmuny yamba wula-mabi wubulku, bama mayi bubu baja yala: yamba kujin jarral, yamba kuji-kari yinil-manda, kari kulur baral.

analysis:
wulbuman-angka balka-ny juwal-bubu kuji-ji bubu kuji-kari warri karra, kuji-ji bubu daya-l wubul-baja wanya bada yijarri-ny-muny yambada kuji-kari bubu majaji-mundu nyunba-l, yinya kuku bada bajaku nyulu binal-muny yamba wula-mabi wubul-ku, bama mayi bubu baja yala: yamba kuji-ny jarra-l, yamba kuji-kari yinil-ma-nda, kari kulur baral | old.woman said yam-garden tended-COMIT ground tended-PRIV fast diverge, tended-COMIT ground gives tenfold what down put-ABL but tended-PRIV ground scrub-toward returns, that law deep most she knew-of thing living all, people food country too as: thing cared.for grows, thing care-PRIV withers, NEG third way | ...


frame: having-lacking
words_used: ["jilbay", "jawun", "daji-way", "nyaji-way", "yinil", "baral", "kaki", "bubu"]
loans_used: []
evidence: jawun-ji COMIT vs jawun-kari PRIV; daji-way/nyaji-way RECIP; kaki; never-travel-companionless
status: accepted
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:31:39.983536+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-03T07:36:40.618241+00:00
english:
The old man said a journey with a companion and a journey walked alone are different in kind, not just in feeling, for two can share the load and the watch and the risk, and where one would fail alone, two hold each other up, so he taught the young never to travel the long dangerous roads companionless when a companion could be found, for the solitary traveller is the one the country takes.

kuku:
Mukulungku dingkarangka balkan jilbay jawun-ji jilbay nganga jilban yindu-yindu yala, kari nganga wawungu, jambul daji-way buwal nyaji-way yinil baja, wanja nyubun bawanya nganga, jambul nyubun-nyubunji wangkar-manil, nyulu warru milbin kariku baral kalbay dandi jawun-kari jilban kaki jawun manilnya, jilba-bama nganga-bama nyulu bubu nyulu manilmuny.

analysis:
mukul-ungku dingkar-angka balka-ny jilbay jawun-ji jilbay nganga jilba-ny yindu-yindu yala, kari nganga wawu-ngu, jambul daji-way buwa-l nyaji-way yinil baja, wanja nyubun bawa-nya nganga, jambul nyubun-nyubun-ji wangkar-ma-ni-l, nyulu warru milbi-ny kariku baral kalbay dandi jawun-kari jilba-ny kaki jawun mani-l-nya, jilba-bama nganga-bama nyulu bubu nyulu mani-l-muny | old man said journey companion-COMIT journey alone walked different as, NEG just feeling-LOC, two share.each.other load watch.each.other risk too, where one fails-SUB alone, two each.other lift, he young taught never road long dangerous companion-PRIV walk if companion found-SUB, traveller alone-person he country it takes-ABL | ...


frame: having-lacking
words_used: ["jangkar", "milbil", "balkal", "wawu-jirray", "yajarril", "wula", "wawu-mini", "baya"]
loans_used: []
evidence: milbil-ji COMIT vs milbil-kari PRIV; ngundu-ku LOC; the-lesson-story-and-the-lessonless
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:31:39.983536+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The old woman said a story with a lesson and a story without one are both worth telling, for not every tale must teach, and she loved the pure funny stories that taught nothing at all, the ones that were only for laughing, and she said a people who had only lesson-heavy stories and no lesson-less ones had lost something as important as the law itself: the plain joy of a good tale by the fire.

kuku:
Wulbumanangka balkan jangkar milbil-ji jangkar milbil-kari jambul yukil balkanka, kari jangkar wubulku milbil, nyulu wawu-jirray jangkar yajarr-yajarr yamba nyubun milbil-karimuny, jangkar yajarrilku nganga, nyulu balkan bama jangkar milbil-ji nganga wubulku milbil-kari-kari nyulu yamba wula-mabi kuku yala: wawu-mini kima jangkar yukil baya ngunduku.

analysis:
wulbuman-angka balka-ny jangkar milbi-l-ji jangkar milbi-l-kari jambul yukil balka-nka, kari jangkar wubul-ku milbi-l, nyulu wawu-jirray jangkar yajarr-yajarr yamba nyubun milbi-l-kari-muny, jangkar yajarri-l-ku nganga, nyulu balka-ny bama jangkar milbi-l-ji nganga wubul-ku milbi-l-kari-kari nyulu yamba wula-mabi kuku yala: wawu-mini kima jangkar yukil baya ngundu-ku | old.woman said story lesson-COMIT story lesson-PRIV both good tell-DAT, NEG story all teaches, she loved story funny thing one lesson-PRIV-from, story laugh-for only, she said people story lesson-COMIT only all lesson-PRIV-none they thing lost law like: joy plain story good fire near | ...


frame: having-lacking
words_used: ["kalka", "murru", "jalan", "minya", "kuyu", "bubu", "balbil", "ngaral"]
loans_used: []
evidence: jalan-ji COMIT vs jalan-kari PRIV; bubu-nga LOC(a); the-barbed-and-smooth-spearhead
status: accepted
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:31:39.983536+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-03T07:36:40.618241+00:00
english:
The old man said a spearhead with a barb and one without are made for different game, for the barbed point holds the fish that would slip a smooth one, but the smooth point drives deeper into the big land animal and pulls free for a second throw, so a wise hunter carries both and reads the quarry before he chooses which spear to carry to the water or the plain.

kuku:
Mukulungku dingkarangka balkan kalka-murru jinil-ji jinil-kari yindu-yindu minya yindu-yindunka bungal, jinil-ji nyulu kuyu karrbal nyulu jinil-kari jarrbamuny, yambada jinil-kari nyulu wangkar dungay minya-yalbay bubungu jarra dungay bada bawal jambul-yilbalku, balbi-bama yukil jambul jarrakulbal minya ngaral nyulu kalka wanya jarrakulbalka bananmundu yaral-mundu baja.

analysis:
mukul-ungku dingkar-angka balka-ny kalka-murru jinil-ji jinil-kari yindu-yindu minya yindu-yindu-nka bunga-l, jinil-ji nyulu kuyu karrba-l nyulu jinil-kari jarrba-muny, yambada jinil-kari nyulu wangkar dunga-y minya-yalbay bubu-ngu jarra dunga-y bada bawa-l jambul-yilba-l-ku, balbi-bama yukil jambul jarrakulba-l minya ngara-l nyulu kalka wanya jarrakulba-l-ka bana-mundu yaral-mundu baja | old man said spearhead barb-COMIT barb-PRIV different game different-for made, barb-COMIT it fish holds it barb-PRIV slips-ABL, but barb-PRIV it deep goes land-animal ground-into pierces goes free pulls second-throw-DAT, hunter good both carries game reads he spear which carry-DAT water-toward plain-toward too | ...


frame: having-lacking
words_used: ["jalbu", "ngamu", "bina", "janyji", "karrkay", "dayal", "ngawa", "kaki"]
loans_used: []
evidence: ngamu-bina-ji COMIT vs -kari PRIV; mukul-nga LOC(l)->mukulba FIX; kaki; the-shared-nursing
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:31:39.983536+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The old woman said a woman with milk and a woman without it were bound together in the old camps, for when one mother's milk failed or she died, another nursing mother would feed the child alongside her own, and no baby was ever left to starve for want of milk while a single nursing woman lived in the whole camp, for this was the deepest sharing of all.

kuku:
Wulbumanangka balkan jalbu ngamu-bibi-ji jalbu ngamu-bibi-kari nyubunji kajan bayan mukulba, ngamu nyubun nyungu ngamu-bibi bawanya yambada nyulu wulanya, ngamu yindu bibi-ji karrkay dayal nyungu buban baja, ngawa nyubun kariku bawal wulanka ngamu-bibi-karinka kaki jalbu nyubun bibi-ji bayan wubulku wunay.

analysis:
wulbuman-angka balka-ny jalbu ngamu-bibi-ji jalbu ngamu-bibi-kari nyubun-ji kaja-ny bayan mukul-ba, ngamu nyubun nyungu ngamu-bibi bawa-nya yambada nyulu wula-nya, ngamu yindu bibi-ji karrkay daya-l nyungu buban baja, ngawa nyubun kariku bawa-l wula-nka ngamu-bibi-kari-nka kaki jalbu nyubun bibi-ji bayan wubul-ku wuna-y | old.woman said woman breast-COMIT woman milk-PRIV together bound camp old-LOC, mother one her milk fails-SUB or she dies-SUB, mother other breast-COMIT child feeds her own too, baby one never left starve-DAT milk-PRIV-for if woman one breast-COMIT camp all lives | ...


frame: having-lacking
words_used: ["binal", "balkal", "junkurr", "bunday", "wawu-karrba", "jawun", "kuni", "wunay"]
loans_used: []
evidence: binal-ji COMIT vs balka-kari PRIV; wungar-nga LOC(r)->wungara FIX; the-owned-debt-and-the-denied
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:31:39.983536+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The old man said a debt with acknowledgment and a debt denied are two different weights on a person, for the acknowledged debt sits light because both know it and trust it will be paid in time, but the denied debt festers and turns friends into enemies, so he taught the young always to name their debts openly, for a person with owned debts sleeps better than a person with hidden ones.

kuku:
Mukulungku dingkarangka balkan yamba-manin binal-ji yamba-manin balka-kari jambul yindu-yindu junkurr bamanga, binal-ji yamba-manin bada bundan jambul binal wawu-karrbal nyulu dayal wungara, yambada balka-kari yamba-manin buyun-manda jawun kuni-mabi-mundu murni, nyulu warru milbin yabarrka nyungu yamba-manin kuku-mundu balkanka, bama yamba-manin-ji karrba nyulu wuna yukil-baja bama buyan-jimuny.

analysis:
mukul-ungku dingkar-angka balka-ny yamba-mani-ny binal-ji yamba-mani-ny balka-kari jambul yindu-yindu junkurr bama-nga, binal-ji yamba-mani-ny bada bunda-ny jambul binal wawu-karrba-l nyulu daya-l wungar-a, yambada balka-kari yamba-mani-ny buyun-ma-nda jawun kuni-mabi-mundu murni, nyulu warru milbi-ny yabarrka nyungu yamba-mani-ny kuku-mundu balka-nka, bama yamba-mani-ny-ji karrba nyulu wuna yukil-baja bama buya-ny-ji-muny | old man said debt acknowledged-COMIT debt denied-PRIV two different weight person-LOC, acknowledged-COMIT debt light sits both know trust it paid time-LOC, but denied-PRIV debt festers friend enemy-toward turns, he young taught always his debt openly name-DAT, person debt-COMIT holds he sleeps better person hidden-COMIT-from | ...


frame: having-lacking
words_used: ["janka", "kalkal", "kaka", "kalbal", "junkurr", "kirraji", "binal", "mumbu"]
loans_used: []
evidence: kalkal-ji COMIT vs kalkal-kari PRIV; knowing-how-to-rest-is-knowing-how-to-work
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:31:39.983536+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T07:17:23.800480+00:00
english:
The old woman said a body with rest and a body without it break in different ways, for the rested body heals and grows strong while the restless, overworked body wears thin and falls sick, and she scolded the young ones who worked past all sense as hard as she scolded the lazy, for she said a person who does not know how to rest does not truly know how to work either.

kuku:
Wulbumanangka balkan janka mara-kunbanya janka kari mara-kunbay yindu-yindu yala kaka-manda, janka mara-kunbanya kalbal junkurr jarral yambada kari mara-kunbay, kirraji wubul-baja, janka jinbal-manda buyun-manda, nyulu warru mumbu-manin jana kirrajin binal bada bajaku ngulkurr yala nyulu majarrbama mumbu-manin, nyulu balkan bama nyulu kariku mara-kunbay binal nyulu kariku bajaku kirraji binal baja.

analysis:
wulbuman-angka balka-ny janka mara-kunba-nya janka kari mara-kunba-y yindu-yindu yala kaka-ma-nda, janka mara-kunba-nya kalbal junkurr jarra-l yambada kari mara-kunba-y, kirraji wubul-baja, janka jinbal-ma-nda buyun-ma-nda, nyulu warru mumbu-ma-ni-ny jana kirraji-ny binal bada bajaku ngulkurr yala nyulu majarr-bama mumbu-ma-ni-ny, nyulu balka-ny bama nyulu kariku mara-kunba-y binal nyulu kariku bajaku kirraji binal baja | old.woman said body that-rests body NEG-rest differently as hurt, body that-rests heals strong grows but NEG-rest, work more, body wears.thin sick-becomes, she young scolded they worked sense deep most past as she lazy-person scolded, she said person he NEG rest-know he NEG truly work knows too | ...


frame: having-lacking
words_used: ["kuku", "daji", "binal", "milka", "murni", "bunday", "ngaral", "bayan"]
loans_used: []
evidence: kuku-daji-ji COMIT vs -kari PRIV; the-well-counselled-decision
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:31:39.983536+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The old man said a decision made with counsel and a decision made counselless are not equally wise, for one head holds only one view of a thing while many heads together turn it over and see all its sides, so before any big choice the old people would sit in a long circle and let every voice be heard, and the leader with many counsellors rarely walked the camp into disaster.

kuku:
Mukulungku dingkarangka balkan kuku-manin kuku-daji-ji kuku-manin kuku-daji-kari kari nyubun yala binal, nyubun-milka nyulu nyubun-nyaji yamba nyubunmuny yambada milka wubul nyubun-nyubunji murninya nyajil nyungu wubulku, kuku-yalbay ngadiku bama mukul bundan bangka kalbay kuku wubulku ngaranka, kuku-bama kuku-daji wubul-ji nyulu kariku bayan mumbu-mundu jilbaman.

analysis:
mukul-ungku dingkar-angka balka-ny kuku-mani-ny kuku-daji-ji kuku-mani-ny kuku-daji-kari kari nyubun yala binal, nyubun-milka nyulu nyubun-nyaji yamba nyubun-muny yambada milka wubul nyubun-nyubun-ji murni-nya nyaji-l nyungu wubul-ku, kuku-yalbay ngadiku bama mukul bunda-ny bangka kalbay kuku wubul-ku ngara-nka, kuku-bama kuku-daji wubul-ji nyulu kariku bayan mumbu-mundu jilba-ma-ny | old man said decision counsel-COMIT decision counsel-PRIV NEG same wise, one-head it one-view thing one-of but heads many together turn sees its sides all, choice big before people old sat circle long voices all hear-DAT, leader counsel much-COMIT he never camp disaster-toward walked | ...


frame: having-lacking
words_used: ["wawu-mumbu", "milbal", "nyajil", "karrbal", "jiba", "buyun", "bunday", "kalkal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: milbal-ji COMIT vs milbal-kari PRIV; jiba-nga LOC(a); sitting-with-the-tearless-mourner
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:31:39.983536+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The old woman said a grief with tears and a grief without them are both real, but they must be watched differently, for the mourner with tears is emptying the sorrow the way a body should, while the tearless mourner holds it locked inside where it can turn to sickness, so she sat closest of all to the ones who could not cry, and waited with them until the tears finally came.

kuku:
Wulbumanangka balkan wawu-mumbu milbal-ji wawu-mumbu milbal-kari jambul ngadiku, yindu-yindu nyajinka, milbal-ji wawu-mumbu-bama nyulu wawu-mumbu buban-manil janka yala, yambada milbal-kari wawu-mumbu-bama nyulu karrbal jiba-nga wanja nyulu buyun-mundu murninya, nyulu bundan ngunduku bajaku jana kari badilmuny, bundan jananji dukul milbal ngadiku kadanya.

analysis:
wulbuman-angka balka-ny wawu-mumbu milbal-ji wawu-mumbu milbal-kari jambul ngadiku, yindu-yindu nyaji-nka, milbal-ji wawu-mumbu-bama nyulu wawu-mumbu buban-ma-ni-l janka yala, yambada milbal-kari wawu-mumbu-bama nyulu karrba-l jiba-nga wanja nyulu buyun-mundu murni-nya, nyulu bunda-ny ngundu-ku bajaku jana kari badi-l-muny, bunda-ny jana-nji dukul milbal ngadiku kada-nya | old.woman said grief tears-COMIT grief tears-PRIV both real, differently watch-DAT, tears-COMIT mourner he sorrow empties body as, but tears-PRIV mourner he holds belly-LOC where it sickness-toward turns-SUB, she sat near most they NEG cry-ABL, waited them-with at.last tears finally come-SUB | ...


frame: having-lacking
words_used: ["kuku", "yulmbarril", "bikirr", "murni", "yinil", "ngaral", "milbil", "janka-yukil"]
loans_used: []
evidence: yulmbarril-ji vs bikirr-daji-ji COMIT; correcting-well-vs-badly
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:31:39.983536+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The old man said a warning with respect and a warning with contempt do opposite work though both point at the same danger, for the respectful warning is heard and heeded while the contemptuous one only shames and hardens the person against it, so he taught the young that to correct another well is a great skill, and to correct them badly is worse than not correcting them at all.

kuku:
Mukulungku dingkarangka balkan kuku-milbil yulmbarril-ji kuku-milbil bikirr-daji-ji yindu-yindu murni jambul nyubun yinil-mundu jarra baja, yulmbarril-ji kuku ngaral kirrajil yambada bikirr-daji-ji nganga bikirr-bungal junkurr-manil bama yinya-mundu, nyulu warru milbin bama yindu yukil murni-bungalka janka-yukil yalbay, mumbu murni-bungalka nyulu mumbu-baja kari murni-bunganmuny.

analysis:
mukul-ungku dingkar-angka balka-ny kuku-milbil yulmbarril-ji kuku-milbil bikirr-daji-ji yindu-yindu murni jambul nyubun yinil-mundu jarra baja, yulmbarril-ji kuku ngara-l kirraji-l yambada bikirr-daji-ji nganga bikirr-bunga-l junkurr-ma-ni-l bama yinya-mundu, nyulu warru milbi-ny bama yindu yukil murni-bunga-nka janka-yukil yalbay, mumbu murni-bunga-nka nyulu mumbu-baja kari murni-bunga-ny-muny | old man said warning respect-COMIT warning contempt-COMIT opposite work both one danger-toward point too, respect-COMIT word heard heeded but contempt-COMIT just shames hardens person that-toward, he young taught person other well correct-DAT skill big, badly correct-DAT it worse NEG correct-ABL | ...


frame: having-lacking
words_used: ["wawu-mini", "bubu", "wunay", "wandil", "wungar", "daji", "yamba-kari", "nyaji"]
loans_used: []
evidence: wawu-mini-ji COMIT vs -kari PRIV; yindu-yindu-nga LOC(u); gratitude-changes-the-country-you-live-in
status: accepted
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:31:39.983536+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-03T07:36:40.618241+00:00
english:
The old woman said a life with gratitude and a life without it are lived in two different countries though the person never moves, for the grateful one wakes each day into a world full of gifts while the ungrateful one wakes into a world of lacks and grievances, and the strange thing, she said, is that the two may own exactly the same things, and only the seeing is different.

kuku:
Wulbumanangka balkan wawu-mini-ji-janay wawu-mini-kari-janay jambul bubu yindu-yindungu wunay bama nyulu kariku murninya, wawu-mini-ji nyulu wandin wungar nyubun bubu-mundu daji-yamba-ji, yambada wawu-mini-kari nyulu wandin bubu-mundu yamba-kari mumbu-ji, yamba yindu, nyulu balkan, jambul nyulu yamba nyubun yala karrbal, nganga nyaji-jarray yindu-yindu.

analysis:
wulbuman-angka balka-ny wawu-mini-ji-jana-y wawu-mini-kari-jana-y jambul bubu yindu-yindu-ngu wuna-y bama nyulu kariku murni-nya, wawu-mini-ji nyulu wandi-ny wungar nyubun bubu-mundu daji-yamba-ji, yambada wawu-mini-kari nyulu wandi-ny bubu-mundu yamba-kari mumbu-ji, yamba yindu, nyulu balka-ny, jambul nyulu yamba nyubun yala karrba-l, nganga nyaji-jarray yindu-yindu | old.woman said gratitude-COMIT-life gratitude-PRIV-life two country different-LOC live person he never moves, gratitude-COMIT he wakes day one world-toward gift-thing-COMIT, but gratitude-PRIV he wakes world-toward thing-PRIV grievance-COMIT, thing strange, she said, both they thing one as own, just seeing different | ...


frame: having-lacking
words_used: ["milbil", "warru", "binal", "dandi", "wungar", "daji", "karrkay", "dayal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: milbil-bama-ji COMIT vs -kari PRIV; a-good-teacher-is-the-greatest-gift
status: accepted
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:31:39.983536+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-03T07:36:40.618241+00:00
english:
The old man said a boy with a teacher and a boy without one both grow up, but they grow up into very different men, for the taught boy inherits a thousand generations of hard-won knowledge in a few short years while the teacherless boy must reinvent everything from nothing and mostly fails, so the old people counted a good teacher among the greatest gifts a child could be given.

kuku:
Mukulungku dingkarangka balkan buban milbil-bama-ji buban milbil-bama-kari jambul warru-manda, yindu-yindu dingkar-manda, milbil-ji buban manil ngadiku-bama wubul-yalbay binal dandibu-maninmuny wungar buban baja, yambada milbil-bama-kari buban nyulu yamba wubulku jambul-bungal nganga-muny nyulu wubul-baja bawal, bama mukul milbil-bama yukil karrban yamba daji yalbay wubulmuny karrkay dayanmuny.

analysis:
mukul-ungku dingkar-angka balka-ny buban milbil-bama-ji buban milbil-bama-kari jambul warru-ma-nda, yindu-yindu dingkar-ma-nda, milbil-ji buban mani-l ngadiku-bama wubul-yalbay binal dandi-bu-mani-ny-muny wungar buban baja, yambada milbil-bama-kari buban nyulu yamba wubul-ku jambul-bunga-l nganga-muny nyulu wubul-baja bawa-l, bama mukul milbil-bama yukil karrba-ny yamba daji yalbay wubul-muny karrkay daya-ny-muny | old man said boy teacher-COMIT boy teacher-PRIV both grow.up, different man-becomes, teacher-COMIT boy inherits ancestors thousand knowledge hard-won-from years few too, but teacher-PRIV boy he thing all reinvent nothing-from he mostly fails, people old teacher good counted gift big all-from child given-ABL | ...


frame: having-lacking
words_used: ["wula", "nyaji", "wawu-mumbu", "jawun", "karrbal", "majaji", "buyun", "yumal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: bama-nyaji-ji COMIT vs bama-nyaji-kari PRIV; majaji-nga LOC(i); never-let-one-die-unwitnessed
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:31:39.983536+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The old woman said a death with witnesses and a death alone are grieved differently by those left behind, for when the family is there at the end the passing is held and honored and carried well, but a death alone in the bush leaves a wound that never fully closes, so the old people moved mountains to be present at a passing, and counted it a sacred duty never to let one of their own die unwitnessed and alone.

kuku:
Wulbumanangka balkan wula bama-nyaji-ji wula nganga yindu-yindu yala wawu-mumbu-manil jana bawanmunymuny, jawun-karra ngunduku bada bajaku wula karrban yukil-bungal jarrakulbal yukil, yambada wula nganga majaji-nga bawan buyun nyulu kariku bajaku karra, bama mukul yumal murni-manin wula ngunduku jananka, karrban kuku junkurr kariku nyubun jana-muny wula bama-nyaji-kari nganga baja.

analysis:
wulbuman-angka balka-ny wula bama-nyaji-ji wula nganga yindu-yindu yala wawu-mumbu-ma-ni-l jana bawa-ny-muny-muny, jawun-karra ngundu-ku bada bajaku wula karrba-ny yukil-bunga-l jarrakulba-l yukil, yambada wula nganga majaji-nga bawa-ny buyun nyulu kariku bajaku karra, bama mukul yumal murni-ma-ni-ny wula ngundu-ku jana-nka, karrba-ny kuku junkurr kariku nyubun jana-muny wula bama-nyaji-kari nganga baja | old.woman said death witness-COMIT death alone differently as grieved they left-ABL, family near-LOC end most death held honored carried well, but death alone rainforest-LOC leaves wound it never truly closes, people old mountains moved death near-DAT be-DAT, kept duty strict never one their-of dies witness-PRIV alone too | ...


frame: having-lacking
words_used: ["yamba", "karrbal", "wawu", "binal", "jiba", "yajin", "nyaji", "baral"]
loans_used: []
evidence: yamba-ji COMIT vs yamba-kari PRIV; the-summing: which-havings-truly-matter
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:31:39.983536+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The old man's summing was this: everything a person can have, they can also lack, and the whole of a life is learning which havings truly matter and which lackings truly wound, for a person can be rich in things and poor in every way that counts, or own almost nothing and be full to overflowing, so measure your life not by the with and the without but by whether the withs are the ones worth having.

kuku:
Mukul nyungu kuku-dumbal yinya: yamba wubulku bama karrbalmuny, nyulu baja bawal, wawu wubulku kalbaymu nyulu binalman wanya karrbal bajaku yukil wanya bawal bajaku buyun, bama nyulu yamba-ji yamba wubulku yamba-kari baral wubulkubu, yambada yamba nganga karrbal nyulu jiba yajin bajaku, nyaji nyungu wawu kari yamba-ji yamba-kari-bu yambada yamba-ji nyulu nyubun karrbanka yukilmuny.

analysis:
mukul nyungu kuku-dumba-l yinya: yamba wubul-ku bama karrba-l-muny, nyulu baja bawa-l, wawu wubul-ku kalbay-mu nyulu binal-ma-ny wanya karrba-l bajaku yukil wanya bawa-l bajaku buyun, bama nyulu yamba-ji yamba wubul-ku yamba-kari baral wubul-ku-bu, yambada yamba nganga karrba-l nyulu jiba yajin bajaku, nyaji nyungu wawu kari yamba-ji yamba-kari-bu yambada yamba-ji nyulu nyubun karrba-nka yukil-muny | old his summing this: thing all person hold-ABL, it too lacks, life whole learning which having truly matters which lacking truly wounds, person he thing-COMIT thing all thing-PRIV way all-INST, but thing nothing owns he belly full most, measure your life NEG having-COMIT lacking-PRIV-INST but having-COMIT it one holds-DAT worth-ABL | ...


frame: flora
words_used: ["juku", "mayi", "diburr", "warrur", "karra", "kalka", "birra", "kalbal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: one-tree-provides-everything; birra 'leaf'(not bina); dumbul/warrur bark
status: accepted
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:48:47.852693+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-03T07:52:08.615482+00:00
english:
The old man said one good tree can be a whole camp's provider: its fruit and seeds are food, its inner bark makes string, its wood makes spears and digging sticks, its leaves make medicine, its dead branches make fire, and its shade and its hollow give shelter, so to know a single tree completely is already to know a large part of how to live.

kuku:
Mukulungku dingkarangka balkan juku nyubun yukil nyulu bayan wubulku dayal: nyungu mayi diburr baja mayi, nyungu warrur dukurr karra bungal, nyungu juku kalka kunku-jina bungal, nyungu birra kalbal bungal, nyungu dakil wula-mabi baya bungal, nyungu wabarr dimbirr baja bayan dayal, juku nyubun bajaku binalka ngadiku wunay yala yalbay binalka.

analysis:
mukul-ungku dingkar-angka balka-ny juku nyubun yukil nyulu bayan wubul-ku daya-l: nyungu mayi diburr baja mayi, nyungu warrur dukurr karra bunga-l, nyungu juku kalka jaba baja bunga-l, nyungu birra kalbal bunga-l, nyungu dakil wula-mabi baya bunga-l, nyungu wabarr dimbirr baja bayan daya-l, juku nyubun bajaku binal-ka ngadiku wuna-y yala yalbay binal-ka | old man said tree one good it camp all provides: its fruit seed too food, its inner.bark string makes, its wood spear digging.stick makes, its leaves medicine makes, its branch dead-like fire makes, its shade hollow too shelter gives, tree one truly know-DAT already live-DAT as large know-DAT


frame: flora
words_used: ["buyku", "juku", "warrur", "kaka", "ngawa", "bayan", "kuyu", "marrakan"]
loans_used: []
evidence: buyku 'paperbark'; the-paperbark-provides-cradle-mat-roof-wrapping
status: accepted
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:48:47.852693+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-03T07:52:08.615482+00:00
english:
The paperbark tree is the most useful tree of the wet country, the old woman taught, for its soft thick bark peels off in great clean sheets that make a baby-cradle, a sleeping-mat, a roof against the rain, a wrapping to cook fish in, and even a canoe patch, so a family camped near a stand of paperbark is a family that wants for very little.

kuku:
Buyku-juku nyulu juku yukil bajaku bubu-bana, wulbumanangka milbin, nyungu warrur jinbal junkurr kakan naka-naka ngulkurr ngawa-jarrakay bungal, wuna-birra, bayan-jibul bana-mundu, kuyu waju-birra baja, marrakan-murni baja, jawun-karra buyku-juku ngunduku bayan nyulu jawun-karra nyulu yamba buban-baja wawu-manil.

analysis:
buyku-juku nyulu juku yukil bajaku bubu-bana, wulbuman-angka milbi-ny, nyungu warrur jinbal junkurr kaka-ny naka-naka ngulkurr ngawa-jarrakay bunga-l, wuna-birra, bayan-jibul bana-mundu, kuyu waju-birra baja, marrakan-murni baja, jawun-karra buyku-juku ngundu-ku bayan nyulu jawun-karra nyulu yamba buban-baja wawu-ma-ni-l | paperbark-tree it tree useful most wet-country, old.woman taught, its bark soft thick peels across clean baby-cradle makes, sleeping-mat, roof rain-toward, fish cook-leaf too, canoe-patch too, family paperbark near-LOC camp it family it thing little-more wants


frame: flora
words_used: ["juku", "mukul", "bubu", "binal", "jangkar", "jarra", "milbil", "wungar"]
loans_used: []
evidence: bubu-nga LOC(a); the-old-trees-hold-the-country's-memory
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:48:47.852693+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:43:20.229741+00:00
english:
The old man knew every big old tree in the country by name and story, for each ancient tree was a marker of a boundary, a place of a happening, or the home of a spirit, and he taught the boys never to cut a big old tree carelessly, for a tree that has stood five hundred years holds more of the country's memory than any living person.

kuku:
Mukulungku dingkarangka juku yalbay mukul wubulku bubungu binal nyungu kuku jangkar baja, juku mukul nyubun wubulku nyulu bubu-jina jarra-mabi, yamba nyubun bungalmuny, yambada wawu-yamba bayan, nyulu warru-warru milbin kariku juku yalbay mukul binal-karibu daka, juku nyulu janan wubul wungar karrbal bubu milka ngulkurr-baja bama wula-mabi wubulmuny.

analysis:
mukul-ungku dingkar-angka juku yalbay mukul wubul-ku bubu-ngu binal nyungu kuku jangkar baja, juku mukul nyubun wubul-ku nyulu bubu-jina jarra-mabi, yamba nyubun bunga-l-muny, yambada wawu-yamba bayan, nyulu warru-warru milbi-ny kariku juku yalbay mukul binal-kari-bu daka, juku nyulu jana-ny wubul wungar karrba-l bubu milka ngulkurr-baja bama wula-mabi wubul-muny | old man tree big old all country-LOC knew its name story too, tree old each all it boundary marker-like, event one made-ABL, or spirit-thing home, he young.men taught never tree big old carelessly cut, tree it stood five-hundred years holds country memory more person living all-ABL


frame: flora
words_used: ["wungar", "juku", "nganka", "babajaka", "wunba", "baway", "diburr", "dukal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: babajaka bloodwood, baway black-bean, dukal fig; nganka 'flower'; reading-the-year-by-the-trees
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:48:47.852693+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:22:22.593599+00:00
english:
The old woman read the year by the flowering and fruiting of the trees: when the bloodwood flowers the honey is coming, when the black bean drops its pods the cold is near, when the fig ripens the flying foxes gather, and she taught the girls that a person who knows the calendar of the trees never plants, gathers, or hunts at the wrong time.

kuku:
Wulbumanangka wungar ngaran juku nganka mayi-mandanya: babajaka nganka-mandanya wunba kadanya, baway nyungu diburr badanya kiway ngundu, dukal kulbul-mandanya kambi bangkanya, nyulu jalbu-buban milbin bama nyulu juku wungar binal nyulu kariku jarral bangkal balbil wungar yukil-karinga.

analysis:
wulbuman-angka wungar ngara-ny juku nganka mayi-ma-nda-nya: babajaka nganka-ma-nda-nya wunba kada-nya, baway nyungu diburr bada-nya kiway ngundu, dukal kulbul-ma-nda-nya kambi bangka-nya, nyulu jalbu-buban milbi-ny bama nyulu juku wungar binal nyulu kariku jarra-l bangka-l balbi-l wungar yukil-kari-nga | old.woman year read trees flower fruit-become-SUB: bloodwood flowers-SUB honey comes, black.bean its seed falls-SUB cold near, fig ripens-SUB flying.foxes gather-SUB, she girls taught person he tree calendar knows he never plants gathers hunts time wrong-LOC


frame: flora
words_used: ["juku", "warrur", "karra", "ngamu", "milbil", "murni", "makarr", "kalal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: bana-nga LOC(a); warrur 'bark'; inner-bark-is-the-mother-of-string
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:48:47.852693+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The old man said the inner bark of certain trees is the mother of all string, and he showed the boys how to strip it, soak it, beat it soft, split it into even threads and roll it into cord strong enough for a net, a fishing line, a dilly-bag, or a rope to climb the tallest honey tree, so that from the bark of one tree came a hundred useful things.

kuku:
Mukulungku dingkarangka balkan juku nyubun-nyubun warrur dukurr nyulu karra wubulku ngamu, nyulu warru-warru milbin yala kakanka, bananga wunay, buban-buban kunil, kakal karra nyubun-nyubun yala, murnil karra junkurr makarrku, kuyu-wukurr, balji, kalal-karra dakanka juku-wunba wangkarku baja, juku nyubun warrurmuny yamba yukil wubul kadan.

analysis:
mukul-ungku dingkar-angka balka-ny juku nyubun-nyubun warrur dukurr nyulu karra wubul-ku ngamu, nyulu warru-warru milbi-ny yala kaka-nka, bana-nga wuna-y, buban-buban kuni-l, kaka-l karra nyubun-nyubun yala, murni-l karra junkurr makarr-ku, kuyu-wukurr, balji, kalal-karra daka-nka juku-wunba wangkar-ku baja, juku nyubun warrur-muny yamba yukil wubul kada-ny | old man said tree certain inner.bark it string all mother, he young.men taught how strip-DAT, water-LOC soak, soft beat, split cord even like, twist cord strong net-DAT, fishing-line, dilly.bag, vine-cord climb-DAT honey-tree tall-DAT too, tree one bark-from thing useful hundred came


frame: flora
words_used: ["mayi", "kalbal", "birra", "warrur", "bangkan", "jurrbu", "kubu", "buyun"]
loans_used: []
evidence: warru-ma-nda-nga LOC; birra leaf, bangkan root, jurrbu shoot; the-plant-medicines
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:48:47.852693+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The old woman taught the plant medicines through the whole of a girl's growing up, for there was a leaf for a fever, a bark for a wound, a root for a bad belly, a sap for a sting, a smoke for the biting flies, and she was strict that each be learned exactly, for the same plant that heals in the right dose can harm in the wrong one, and a healer who guesses is a danger.

kuku:
Wulbumanangka mayi-kalbal milbin jalbu-buban warru-mandanga wubulku, birra nyubun wumbul-buyunka, warrur nyubun buyunka, bangkan nyubun jiba-buyunka, jurrbu nyubun baykal-buyunka, kubu nyubun minya-baykalka, nyulu junkurr nyubun-nyubun yukil binalka, mayi nyubun kalbal yukilba nyulu buyun-manda mumbungu, kalbal-bama nyulu binal-kari nyulu yinil.

analysis:
wulbuman-angka mayi-kalbal milbi-ny jalbu-buban warru-ma-nda-nga wubul-ku, birra nyubun wumbul-buyun-ka, warrur nyubun buyun-ka, bangkan nyubun jiba-buyun-ka, jurrbu nyubun bayka-l-buyun-ka, kubu nyubun minya-bayka-nka, nyulu junkurr nyubun-nyubun yukil binal-ka, mayi nyubun kalbal yukil-ba nyulu buyun-ma-nda mumbu-ngu, kalbal-bama nyulu binal-kari nyulu yinil | old.woman plant-medicine taught girl growing-up-LOC all, leaf one fever-for, bark one wound-for, root one belly-sick-for, shoot(sap) one sting-for, smoke one biting-flies-for, she strict each exactly learn-DAT, plant one heals right-LOC it harms wrong-LOC, healer he guesses(unknowing) he danger


frame: flora
words_used: ["kalal", "majaji", "karra", "juku", "jirakal", "bayan", "marrakan", "jalkar"]
loans_used: []
evidence: kalal 'vine'; which-vines-are-strong
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:48:47.852693+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The old man said the vines of the scrub are a second string-store, always ready in an emergency, for a strong vine pulled fresh from the tree can lash a shelter, bind a raft, carry a load, or make a quick rope to reach water down a bank, and he taught the boys which vines were strong and which would snap, for the wrong vine at the wrong moment can cost a life.

kuku:
Mukulungku dingkarangka balkan kalal majaji nyulu karra jambul-mabi, yabarrka yukil dandi-ngunduku, kalal junkurr jukumuny jirakal kakalbu bayan kajal, marrakan kajal, yamba jarrakulbal, kalal-karra warri bungal bana jalkar badanmuny maninka, nyulu warru-warru milbin kalal wanyu junkurr wanyu kakan, kalal yukil-kari wungar yukil-karinga bayabu wawu manil.

analysis:
mukul-ungku dingkar-angka balka-ny kalal majaji nyulu karra jambul-mabi, yabarrka yukil dandi-ngundu-ku, kalal junkurr juku-muny jirakal kaka-l-bu bayan kaja-l, marrakan kaja-l, yamba jarrakulba-l, kalal-karra warri bunga-l bana jalkar bada-muny mani-nka, nyulu warru-warru milbi-ny kalal wanyu junkurr wanyu kaka-ny, kalal yukil-kari wungar yukil-kari-nga baya-bu wawu mani-l | old man said vine scrub it string second-like, always ready emergency-LOC, vine strong tree-from fresh pulled-INST shelter binds, raft binds, load carries, vine-cord fast makes water bank below-from get-DAT, he young.men taught vine which strong which snaps, vine wrong time wrong-LOC fire-INST life takes


frame: flora
words_used: ["mayi", "juku", "binal", "bubu", "bangkan", "janyul", "kulbul", "jawun"]
loans_used: []
evidence: bubu-nga LOC(a); janyul-warral-nga LOC; the-woman-who-knows-every-food-plant
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:48:47.852693+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T10:14:40.074257+00:00
english:
The old woman knew every food plant in the country and where each grew, for one root grows on the sandy ridge, another in the wet gully, one fruit ripens high in the canopy and another low in the scrub, and she said a woman who truly holds this knowledge can feed a family through the worst year the country ever throws, when the hunters come home with nothing.

kuku:
Wulbumanangka mayi-juku wubulku binal bubungu wanja nyubun jarranmuny, bangkan nyubun jukar-a jarral, yindu bana-jandungu, mayi nyubun kulbul wangkar juku-dukurr yindu bada majaji, nyulu balkan jalbu nyulu yinya binal bajaku karrbal nyulu jawun-karra dayal wungar mumbu bajaku bubu wandanmuny, balbi-bama yamba-karibu bayan-mundu kadanya.

analysis:
wulbuman-angka mayi-juku wubul-ku binal bubu-ngu wanja nyubun jarra-ny-muny, bangkan nyubun jukar-a jarra-l, yindu bana-jandu-ngu, mayi nyubun kulbul wangkar juku-dukurr yindu bada majaji, nyulu balka-ny jalbu nyulu yinya binal bajaku karrba-l nyulu jawun-karra daya-l wungar mumbu bajaku bubu wanda-ny-muny, balbi-bama yamba-kari-bu bayan-mundu kada-nya | old.woman food-plant all knew ground-LOC where each grows-ABL, root one sandbank-LOC grows, other creek-LOC, fruit one ripe above canopy other below scrub, she said woman she that knowledge truly holds she family feeds year worst most country throws-ABL, hunters nothing-INST home come-SUB


frame: flora
words_used: ["duwar", "kalka", "juku", "junkurr", "dandi", "jija", "milbil", "bubu"]
loans_used: []
evidence: duwar black-palm; bubu-nga LOC(a); the-treasured-black-palm-spear-tree
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:48:47.852693+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The old man said the black palm gives the hardest, heaviest, finest spear-wood of all, but it grows slowly and is not common, so it was never cut wastefully, and a spear of black palm was a treasure passed from father to son, and he showed the boy the one old palm in their country and told him to guard it, for it had already given spears to four generations of their line.

kuku:
Mukulungku dingkarangka balkan duwar nyulu kalka-juku junkurr dandi yukil bajaku wubulmuny, yambada nyulu buban-buban jarral kari wubul, kariku kudamundu dakan, kalka duwarmu nyulu yamba-yukil nganjan-mundu jijamundu dayal, nyulu buban milbin duwar mukul nyubun nyungu bubungu balkan karrbanka, nyulu ngadiku kalka dayan jujumu kulur wungar-kadalmuny nyungu jinamuny.

analysis:
mukul-ungku dingkar-angka balka-ny duwar nyulu kalka-juku junkurr dandi yukil bajaku wubul-muny, yambada nyulu buban-buban jarra-l kari wubul, kariku kudamundu daka-ny, kalka duwar-mu nyulu yamba-yukil nganjan-mundu jija-mundu daya-l, nyulu buban milbi-ny duwar mukul nyubun nyungu bubu-ngu balka-ny karrba-nka, nyulu ngadiku kalka daya-ny juju-mu kulur wungar-kada-l-muny nyungu jina-muny | old man said black.palm it spear-wood strong hard good most all-ABL, but it slowly grows NEG common, never wastefully cut, spear black.palm-of it treasure father-toward son-toward given, he boy showed black.palm old one their country-LOC said guard-DAT, it already spears gave generations four-from their line-of


frame: flora
words_used: ["babajaka", "wunba", "wabarr", "mula", "junkurr", "marrakan", "ngandal", "kalbal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: babajaka bloodwood; yikari 'hardened wax/gum'; the-bloodwood's-sealing-gum
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:48:47.852693+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:46:05.836376+00:00
english:
The old woman said the bloodwood gives more than honey and shade: its red sap dries into a hard gum that seals a leaking canoe, glues a spearhead, and makes a strong medicine for a mouth-sore, so she gathered the sap in the season it flowed and stored it in a little bark cup, and it was one of the most valued small things a family kept.

kuku:
Wulbumanangka balkan babajaka dayal ngulkurr-baja wunba wabarrmuny: nyungu mula-jurrbil kiway-manda junkurr-yikari nyulu marrakan bana-mundu karra, kalka-murru karra, ngandal-buyun kalbal junkurr baja, nyulu jurrbu bangkan wungar nyulu dungay-mba warrur-jibarrba karrban, nyulu yamba yukil bajaku buban jawun-karra karrbanmuny.

analysis:
wulbuman-angka balka-ny babajaka daya-l ngulkurr-baja wunba wabarr-muny: nyungu mula-jurrbil kiway-ma-nda junkurr-yikari nyulu marrakan bana-mundu karra, kalka-murru karra, ngandal-buyun kalbal junkurr baja, nyulu jurrbu bangka-ny wungar nyulu dunga-y-mba warrur-jibarr-ba karrba-ny, nyulu yamba yukil bajaku buban jawun-karra karrba-ny-muny | old.woman said bloodwood gives more honey shade-ABL: its sap-red cold-becomes gum-hard it canoe leak-toward seals, spearhead glues, mouth-sore medicine strong too, she sap gathered season it flows-LOC bark-cup-LOC stored, it thing valued most small family kept-of


frame: flora
words_used: ["juku", "bayan", "mayi", "kalbal", "kalka", "karrkay", "warru", "daji"]
loans_used: []
evidence: the-young-trees-are-the-camp's-true-wealth
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:48:47.852693+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:46:05.836376+00:00
english:
The old man said the young trees are the camp's true wealth, worth more than any store of food, for a food-store is eaten and gone while a stand of young trees becomes a hundred years of food, medicine, and tools for children not yet born, so he made the boys plant and protect the seedlings of the good trees wherever they camped, as a gift forward to the unborn.

kuku:
Mukulungku dingkarangka balkan juku buban nyulu bayan yamba-yukil ngadiku, ngulkurr-baja mayi-karrban wubulmuny, mayi-karrban nukal bada janji juku buban-wubul nyulu kulur wungar mayi kalbal kalka baja karrkay kariku warru-mandanmunynka, nyulu warru-warru bungal karrbal juku-buban yukil wubulku wanja jana bayan bungan, daji ngadiku-mundu kari-warru-mandanmunynka.

analysis:
mukul-ungku dingkar-angka balka-ny juku buban nyulu bayan yamba-yukil ngadiku, ngulkurr-baja mayi-karrba-ny wubul-muny, mayi-karrba-ny nuka-l bada karra juku buban-wubul nyulu kulur wungar mayi kalbal kalka baja karrkay kariku warru-ma-nda-ny-muny-nka, nyulu warru-warru bunga-l karrba-l juku-buban yukil wubul-ku wanja jana bayan bunga-ny, daji ngadiku-mundu kari-warru-ma-nda-ny-muny-nka | old man said trees young it camp wealth true, more food-store all-ABL, food-store eaten gone stands.of trees young it hundred years food medicine tool too children not.yet born-for, he young.men plant protect trees-young good all where they camp made, gift forward unborn-for


frame: flora
words_used: ["dukal", "bubu", "kambi", "bakamu", "yawa", "dimbirr", "bajalji", "wabarr"]
loans_used: []
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:48:47.852693+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The old woman said the fig tree is a whole world of its own, feeding the flying foxes and the pigeons and the people, hiding the possums in its hollows and the pythons along its great limbs, and its shade holding the biggest camp, so she taught that to sit under an old fig in fruit is to sit at the richest table in the country, shared by every living thing at once.

kuku:
Wulbumanangka balkan dukal-juku nyulu bubu nyubun nyungu-nyungu, kambi bakamu bama baja dayal, yawa nyungu dimbirrba buyan bajalji nyungu dakil yalbay-mba baja, nyungu wabarr bayan yalbay bajaku karrbal, nyulu milbin dukal mukul mayi-mabi ngunduku bundanka yala bubu yamba-ji bajakungu bundal, minya wula-mabi wubulku daji-way nyubunku.

analysis:
wulbuman-angka balka-ny dukal-juku nyulu bubu nyubun nyungu-nyungu, kambi bakamu bama baja daya-l, yawa nyungu dimbirr-ba buya-ny bajalji nyungu dakil yalbay-mba baja, nyungu wabarr bayan yalbay bajaku karrba-l, nyulu milbi-ny dukal mukul mayi-mabi ngundu-ku bunda-nka yala bubu yamba-ji bajaku-ngu bunda-l, minya wula-mabi wubul-ku daji-way nyubun-ku | old.woman said fig-tree it world one its.own, flying.fox pigeon people too feeds, possum its hollow-LOC hides python its limb big-LOC too, its shade camp big most holds, she taught fig old fruiting near-LOC sit-DAT as table richest-LOC sit, creatures living all share-each.other one-DAT

evidence:
dukal fig; dimbirr-nga LOC(rr,a)->dimbirrba? trill+a->-ba FIX dimbirrba; dakil yalbay-nga LOC; the-fig-tree-is-a-whole-world


frame: flora
words_used: ["juku", "baya", "babajaka", "ngunjil", "dakil", "kubu", "balamu", "nganja"]
loans_used: []
evidence: each-wood-has-its-fire-gift
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:48:47.852693+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T03:50:48.615824+00:00
english:
The old man said each kind of wood has its own gift for fire: the bloodwood gives coals that last all night, the light dead branches give a fast flame to boil water, the green wood gives smoke to drive the flies or to signal, and the fragrant woods give a smoke that flavors the meat, so a person who truly knows the trees never makes a bad fire.

kuku:
Mukulungku dingkarangka balkan juku nyubun-nyubun nyungu daji baya-nka: babajaka ngunjil dayal nyulu wujurr wubulku, dakil wula-mabi buban wula warri bana balamunka, juku jinbal-jirakal kubu dayal minya-baykal kala-kalbay yambada jibar, juku-nganja kubu dayal minya nganja-mandanka, bama nyulu juku bajaku binal nyulu kariku baya mumbu bungal.

analysis:
mukul-ungku dingkar-angka balka-ny juku nyubun-nyubun nyungu daji baya-nka: babajaka ngunjil daya-l nyulu wujurr wubul-ku, dakil wula-mabi buban wula warri bana balamu-nka, juku jinbal-jirakal kubu daya-l minya-bayka-l kala-kalbay yambada jibar, juku-nganja kubu daya-l minya nganja-ma-nda-nka, bama nyulu juku bajaku binal nyulu kariku baya mumbu bunga-l | old man said wood each its gift fire-for: bloodwood coals gives it night all, branch dead-like light flame fast water boil-for, wood fresh(green) smoke gives biting-flies far.away or signal, wood-fragrant smoke gives meat flavor-for, person he trees truly knows he never fire bad makes


frame: flora
words_used: ["dulmbil", "jajikal", "birra", "juku", "wunay", "kunil", "balji", "wukurril"]
loans_used: []
evidence: dulmbil palm, jajikal screw-palm; wungar-a LOC(r); bana-nga LOC(a); the-palms-and-the-weaving
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:48:47.852693+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The old woman said the screw palm and the umbrella palm give the best weaving material of all, and she taught the girls to cut only the young inner leaves so the palm lives on, to dry them and split them and soak them, and to weave the fine mats and baskets and bags that a family cannot live without, so the palm and the woman fed each other across a whole lifetime.

kuku:
Wulbumanangka balkan dulmbil jajikal baja dayal wukurr-yamba yukil bajaku wubulmuny, nyulu jalbu-buban milbin birra buban dukurr nganga kakanka juku nyulu wunayka, wungara wunanka baja kuninka bananga wunayka baja, wukurrinka wuna balji balji-buban baja yukil jawun-karra kari wunay-karimuny, dulmbil jalbu baja nyubun-nyubunji dayan wawu kalbay wubulku.

analysis:
wulbuman-angka balka-ny dulmbil jajikal baja daya-l wukurr-yamba yukil bajaku wubul-muny, nyulu jalbu-buban milbi-ny birra buban dukurr nganga kaka-nka juku nyulu wuna-y-ka, wungar-a wuna-nka baja kuni-nka bana-nga wuna-y-ka baja, wukurri-nka wuna balji balji-buban baja yukil jawun-karra kari wuna-y-kari-muny, dulmbil jalbu baja nyubun-nyubun-ji daya-ny wawu kalbay wubul-ku | old.woman said palm screw.palm too gives weaving-material best most all-ABL, she girls taught leaf young inner only cut-DAT palm it live-DAT, sun-LOC dry-for split-for water-LOC soak-for too, weave-DAT mat basket bag too good family NEG live-without-ABL, palm woman too each.other fed life long all


frame: flora
words_used: ["juku", "dimbirr", "bayan", "minya", "yawa", "bajalji", "buyi", "dabu"]
loans_used: []
evidence: dimbirr 'hollow trunk'; a-dead-hollow-tree-is-a-village-of-animals
status: accepted
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:48:47.852693+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-03T07:52:08.615482+00:00
english:
The old man said the tree hollow is a home to half the creatures of the country, and a careful person reads which hollow holds what: the possum's warm dry den high up, the python's cool ledge, the bird's nesting hole, the bee's honey-store, the goanna's retreat, so that a single dead tree full of hollows is a whole village of animals, and worth more standing than fallen.

kuku:
Mukulungku dingkarangka balkan juku-dimbirr nyulu bayan minya bubu jambulmuny, bama binal nyulu nyajil dimbirr wanyu wanya karrbal: yawa nyungu wumbul dandi bayan wangkar, bajalji nyungu kaka janka, buyi nyungu bayan-janku, dabu nyungu wunba-karrban, jadi nyungu buyan, juku nyubun wula-mabi dimbirr-mabi nyulu bayan-yalbay minyamu, ngulkurr-baja janan badanmuny.

analysis:
mukul-ungku dingkar-angka balka-ny juku-dimbirr nyulu bayan minya bubu jambul-muny, bama binal nyulu nyaji-l dimbirr wanyu wanya karrba-l: yawa nyungu wumbul dandi bayan wangkar, bajalji nyungu kaka janka, buyi nyungu bayan-janku, dabu nyungu wunba-karrba-ny, jadi nyungu buya-ny, juku nyubun wula-mabi dimbirr-mabi nyulu bayan-yalbay minya-mu, ngulkurr-baja jana-ny bada-ny-muny | old man said tree-hollow it home creatures country half-of, person careful he sees hollow which what holds: possum its warm dry home above, python its cool ledge, bird its nest-hole, bee its honey-store, goanna its retreat, tree one dead-like hollow-full it village-big creatures-of, more standing fallen-ABL


frame: flora
words_used: ["bijin", "birra", "kalbal", "ngandal", "balamu", "buyun", "jindi", "bayan"]
loans_used: []
evidence: bijin tea-tree; the-tea-tree-medicine-chest
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:48:47.852693+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T10:14:40.074257+00:00
english:
The old woman said the tea-tree standing thick along the swamp is a whole medicine chest: its leaves crushed and breathed clear a blocked nose and a heavy chest, boiled they wash a wound clean, and its oil soothes the skin against the biting flies, and she said a camp pitched near a stand of tea-tree had half its illnesses already answered before they came.

kuku:
Wulbumanangka balkan bijin junkurr bubu-yaral-ba janan nyulu kalbal-bayan wubulku: nyungu birra dudan ngaran ngandal kajan janka junkurr yukil-manil, balamun buyun julurril, nyungu bana-juku jindi kima-manil minya-baykal kala-kalbay, nyulu balkan bayan bijin ngunduku nyungu buyun jambul ngadiku kalbanmuny jana kadanya ngadiku.

analysis:
wulbuman-angka balka-ny bijin junkurr bubu-yaral-ba jana-ny nyulu kalbal-bayan wubul-ku: nyungu birra duda-ny ngara-ny ngandal kaja-ny janka junkurr yukil-ma-ni-l, balamu-ny buyun julurri-l, nyungu bana-juku jindi kima-ma-ni-l minya-bayka-l kala-kalbay, nyulu balka-ny bayan bijin ngundu-ku nyungu buyun jambul ngadiku kalba-ny-muny jana kada-nya ngadiku | old.woman said tea.tree thick swamp-edge stands it medicine-chest all: its leaf crushed breathed nose blocked chest heavy clears, boiled wound washes, its oil skin soothes biting-flies far.away, she said camp tea.tree near-LOC its illness half already answered-ABL they come-SUB before


frame: flora
words_used: ["bangkan", "juwal", "bubu", "mayi", "kuyu", "baykal", "balbil", "bakal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: bubu-nga LOC(a); bangkan root, juwal yam; roots-are-the-food-that-never-fails
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:48:47.852693+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-03T08:40:25.660608+00:00
english:
The old man said the roots and tubers of the ground are the food that never fails, for when the fruit is out of season and the fish will not bite and the game is scarce, the yams are still there in the earth waiting, so he taught the boys as carefully as the girls where each root grows, for a hunter who can also dig will never bring his family to real hunger.

kuku:
Mukulungku dingkarangka balkan bangkan juwal bubu baja nyulu mayi kariku bawalmuny, mayi wungar-karinga kuyu kari baykal minya buban janay-mba, juwal nganga bubungu janan maku-janal, nyulu warru-warru milbin jalbu-buban yala wanja bangkan nyubun jarral, balbi-bama nyulu bakal baja nyulu kariku jawun-karra dakwuy bajaku kadalmu.

analysis:
mukul-ungku dingkar-angka balka-ny bangkan juwal bubu baja nyulu mayi kariku bawa-l-muny, mayi wungar-kari-nga kuyu kari bayka-l minya buban jana-y-mba, juwal nganga bubu-ngu jana-ny maku-jana-l, nyulu warru-warru milbi-ny jalbu-buban yala wanja bangkan nyubun jarra-l, balbi-bama nyulu baka-l baja nyulu kariku jawun-karra dakwuy bajaku kada-l-mu | old man said root yam ground too it food never fails-ABL, fruit season-wrong-LOC fish NEG bite game scarce is-SUB, yam just ground-LOC stands waiting, he young.men taught girls like where root each grows, hunter he digs too he never family hunger real bring-POSS


frame: flora
words_used: ["dalban", "juku", "junkurr", "jaba", "durray", "wangal", "kalka", "murni"]
loans_used: []
evidence: dalban oak; durray fighting-stick, wangal boomerang; women-know-the-hardwood-trees-too
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:48:47.852693+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The old woman said the oak and the other hard-wood trees give the wood for everything that must be strong and last: the digging stick, the fighting club, the boomerang, the woomera, the good spear, and she taught the girls to know these trees too, not only the food plants, for a woman who can choose and shape hard wood is never dependent on a man to make her tools.

kuku:
Wulbumanangka balkan dalban juku-junkurr yindu baja dayal juku yamba wubulku junkurr kalbay bajaku: jaba, durray, wangal, kalka-yamba, kalka yukil, nyulu jalbu-buban milbin juku yinya binalka baja, kari nganga mayi-juku, jalbu nyulu juku junkurr manil murnil nyulu kariku dingkarmuny nyungu kalka bunganka.

analysis:
wulbuman-angka balka-ny dalban juku-junkurr yindu baja daya-l juku yamba wubul-ku junkurr kalbay bajaku: jaba, durray, wangal, kalka-yamba, kalka yukil, nyulu jalbu-buban milbi-ny juku yinya binal-ka baja, kari nganga mayi-juku, jalbu nyulu juku junkurr mani-l murni-l nyulu kariku dingkar-muny nyungu kalka bunga-nka | old.woman said oak hard-wood other too gives wood thing all strong long most: digging.stick, club, boomerang, woomera, spear good, she girls taught trees those know-DAT too, NEG just food-plant, woman she wood hard chooses shapes she never man-on her tools make-DAT


frame: flora
words_used: ["bilar", "barka", "wandul", "wula", "baral", "jindi", "kalbal", "wujurr"]
loans_used: []
evidence: bilar candlenut, barka nut; wujurr-bu LOC; the-candlenut-lamp
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:48:47.852693+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The old man said the candlenut is a small gift with many uses, for its oily kernel burns with a bright steady flame like a little lamp, lights the way in the dark, and its oil rubbed on the skin protects and heals, and a string of the nuts on a thin stick gives a traveller a light to follow a night track, so the small nut carries the sun into the darkness.

kuku:
Mukulungku dingkarangka balkan bilar nyulu daji buban yamba wubulku, nyungu barka wandul-ji wula-manil yilbay junkurr yala baya-buban, wujurr-bu baral yilba-manil, nyungu wandul jindi-mundu murni-manil karrbal kalbal baja, barka-wubul juku jinbalba nyulu jilba-bama yilbay dayal wujurr-jina wukurrinka, barka buban wungar-jiri karrbal wujurr-mundu.

analysis:
mukul-ungku dingkar-angka balka-ny bilar nyulu daji buban yamba wubul-ku, nyungu barka wandul-ji wula-ma-ni-l yilbay junkurr yala baya-buban, wujurr-bu baral yilba-ma-ni-l, nyungu wandul jindi-mundu murni-ma-ni-l karrba-l kalbal baja, barka-wubul juku jinbal-ba nyulu jilba-bama yilbay daya-l wujurr-jina wukurri-nka, barka buban wungar-jiri karrba-l wujurr-mundu | old man said candlenut it gift small thing all, its kernel fat-COMIT burns bright strong like lamp, dark-LOC road lights, its oil skin-to applied protects heals too, nut-many stick thin-LOC it traveller light gives night-track follow-DAT, nut small sun-sky holds dark-toward


frame: flora
words_used: ["mayi", "wungar", "kalbal", "jurrbu", "jiba-wulay", "kulbul", "diburr", "binal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: nyubun-ba LOC(n); yindu-nga LOC(u); jurrbu shoot; the-same-plant-food-medicine-poison
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:48:47.852693+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The old woman said the same plant that is food in one season is medicine in another and poison in a third, and this is why the plant knowledge cannot be rushed or guessed, for the young shoot may be sweet, the ripe fruit good, but the old seed deadly, so she made the girls learn each plant through the whole turning of the year before ever trusting it.

kuku:
Wulbumanangka balkan mayi nyubun nyulu wungar nyubunba mayi wungar yindungu kalbal wungar kuluru jangkar, yinya mayi-binal kariku warri-manda kanban-manda, jurrbu buban jiba-wulay yala, mayi kulbul yukil, diburr mukul wula-mabi, nyulu jalbu-buban kirrajin mayi nyubun wungar wubulku murni-mandanya ngadiku wawu-karrbalka.

analysis:
wulbuman-angka balka-ny mayi nyubun nyulu wungar nyubun-ba mayi wungar yindu-ngu kalbal wungar kulur-u jangkar, yinya mayi-binal kariku warri-ma-nda kanban-ma-nda, jurrbu buban jiba-wulay yala, mayi kulbul yukil, diburr mukul wula-mabi, nyulu jalbu-buban kirraji-ny mayi nyubun wungar wubul-ku murni-ma-nda-nya ngadiku wawu-karrba-nka | old.woman said plant one it season one-LOC food season other-LOC medicine season third-LOC poison, that plant-knowledge never rushed guessed, shoot young sweet like, fruit ripe good, seed old deadly, she girls made plant one season all turns-SUB before trust-DAT


frame: flora
words_used: ["nganjirr", "mayi", "nganka", "kalka", "dama-murnil", "kanunjul", "jiba", "baya"]
loans_used: []
evidence: nganjirr grass-tree; kanunjul resin; the-grass-tree-gives-weapon-fire-and-food
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:48:47.852693+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:01:10.660377+00:00
english:
The old man said the grass-tree is one of the most useful plants of the dry country, for its long straight flower-stalk makes the lightest spear-shaft and the best fire-drill, its resin makes a strong glue that hardens like stone, and its soft heart is food, so a single grass-tree gives a hunter his weapon, his fire, and his meal all at once.

kuku:
Mukulungku dingkarangka balkan nganjirr nyulu mayi yukil bajaku bubu-kiway wubulmuny, nyungu nganka-juku murni kalbay kalka-juku buban bajaku dama-murnil yukil bajaku, nyungu kanunjul junkurr-yikari nyulu kiway-manda kulji yala, nyungu jiba kima mayi, nganjirr nyubun dayal balbi-bama nyungu kalka, nyungu baya, nyungu mayi nyubunku.

analysis:
mukul-ungku dingkar-angka balka-ny nganjirr nyulu mayi yukil bajaku bubu-kiway wubul-muny, nyungu nganka-juku murni kalbay kalka-juku buban bajaku dama-murni-l yukil bajaku, nyungu kanunjul junkurr-yikari nyulu kiway-ma-nda kulji yala, nyungu jiba kima mayi, nganjirr nyubun daya-l balbi-bama nyungu kalka, nyungu baya, nyungu mayi nyubun-ku | old man said grass.tree it plant useful most dry-country all-ABL, its flower-stalk straight light spear-shaft light most fire-drill best, its resin gum-hard it cold-becomes stone like, its heart soft food, grass.tree one gives hunter his spear, his fire, his food one-DAT


frame: flora
words_used: ["burrin-burrin", "juku", "diburr", "mayi", "junkurr", "ngambuy", "dindal", "kulji"]
loans_used: []
evidence: burrin-burrin breadfruit; kulji-nga LOC; the-big-seed-trees-fed-the-gatherings
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:48:47.852693+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The old woman said the breadfruit and the other big-seed trees carry a heavy crop that must be processed with care, for the raw seed is bitter or poisonous and must be roasted, pounded, and sometimes leached in running water for a day before it is safe, but once processed it stores for months, so these trees fed the big gatherings that fresh food alone never could.

kuku:
Wulbumanangka balkan burrin-burrin juku diburr-yalbay yindu baja karrbal mayi junkurr murni-manilka wawu-karrbabu, diburr jirakal ngambuy yambada wula-mabi dindanka nyurrbanka baja, wungar nyubun bana warri kuljinga wunanka baja ngadiku yukil, yaladaku karrbal wungar wubulku, juku yinya bangkarr-yalbay dayan mayi jirakal nganga kariku dayalmuny.

analysis:
wulbuman-angka balka-ny burrin-burrin juku diburr-yalbay yindu baja karrba-l mayi junkurr murni-ma-ni-nka wawu-karrba-bu, diburr jirakal ngambuy yambada wula-mabi dinda-nka nyurrba-nka baja, wungar nyubun bana warri kulji-nga wuna-nka baja ngadiku yukil, yala-da-ku karrba-l wungar wubul-ku, juku yinya bangkarr-yalbay daya-ny mayi jirakal nganga kariku daya-l-muny | old.woman said breadfruit tree big-seed other too carries crop heavy process-DAT care-INST, seed raw bitter or deadly roast-DAT pound-DAT too, day one water running creek-LOC soak-for too before safe, then stores season all, tree that big-gathering fed food fresh just never feed-ABL


frame: flora
words_used: ["majaji", "juku", "wabarr", "kalal", "birra", "bangkan", "bubu", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
evidence: bubu-nga LOC(a); the-forest-is-one-connected-being
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:48:47.852693+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The old man said a forest is not a crowd of separate trees but one connected thing, for the big trees shelter the small, the vines tie the canopy together, the fallen leaves feed the roots of all, and the fungus threads the whole ground below, so he taught the boys to see the forest as a single living being that must be kept whole, never stripped bare in one place.

kuku:
Mukulungku dingkarangka balkan majaji nyulu kari juku yindu-yindu wubul yambada yamba nyubun nyubun-manda, juku yalbay buban wabarr-manil, kalal juku-dukurr nyubun-manil, birra badanmuny bangkan wubulku dayal, bangkan bubu wubulku bada nyubun-manil, nyulu warru-warru milbin majaji nyaji nyubun wula-mabi yala nyulu nyubunku karrbanka, kariku nyubun bubungu janga-manin.

analysis:
mukul-ungku dingkar-angka balka-ny majaji nyulu kari juku yindu-yindu wubul yambada yamba nyubun nyubun-ma-nda, juku yalbay buban wabarr-ma-ni-l, kalal juku-dukurr nyubun-ma-ni-l, birra bada-ny-muny bangkan wubul-ku daya-l, bangkan bubu wubul-ku bada nyubun-ma-ni-l, nyulu warru-warru milbi-ny majaji nyaji nyubun wula-mabi yala nyulu nyubun-ku karrba-nka, kariku nyubun bubu-ngu janga-ma-ni-ny | old man said rainforest it NEG trees separate many but thing one one-becomes, tree big small shelters, vine canopy joins, leaf fallen-from root all feeds, root ground all below joins, he young.men taught rainforest see thing one living-like it one-DAT keep-DAT, never one place-LOC stripped.bare


frame: flora
words_used: ["mayi", "majaji", "karrkay", "bangkal", "jiba-wulay", "nukal", "milbil", "binal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: the-children's-own-fruit-harvest
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:48:47.852693+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The old woman said the wild plum and the small fruits of the scrub are the children's own harvest, low enough to reach and safe to eat, and she sent the little ones out to gather them by the handful, both to feed them and to teach them, for a child who learns young to know the sweet fruit from the sour and the good from the sickening is a child already halfway to surviving alone.

kuku:
Wulbumanangka balkan mayi-jirakal mayi buban majaji baja nyulu karrkay-karrkay nyungu bangkal, bada baja maninka jiba-wulay nukanka, nyulu buban-buban wangan bangkanka maramabi, jananka dayanka milbinka baja, karrkay nyulu buban binalman mayi jiba-wulay ngambuymuny yukil buyun-manilmuny nyulu karrkay ngadiku dukurr-baja nyulu-nyulu wunayka.

analysis:
wulbuman-angka balka-ny mayi-jirakal mayi buban majaji baja nyulu karrkay-karrkay nyungu bangka-l, bada baja mani-nka jiba-wulay nuka-nka, nyulu buban-buban wanga-ny bangka-nka mara-mabi, jana-nka daya-nka milbi-nka baja, karrkay nyulu buban binal-ma-ny mayi jiba-wulay ngambuy-muny yukil buyun-ma-ni-l-muny nyulu karrkay ngadiku dukurr-baja nyulu-nyulu wuna-y-ka | old.woman said fruit-fresh fruit small scrub too it children their gather, low too get-DAT sweet eat-DAT, she little.ones sent gather-DAT handful, them feed-DAT teach-DAT too, child he young learns fruit sweet sour-from good sickening-from he child already halfway himself survive-DAT


frame: flora
words_used: ["dukal", "juku", "bama", "bangkarr", "wabarr", "mayi", "binal", "nyaji-way"]
loans_used: []
evidence: nyaji-wan RECIP; kuku-jina-nga LOC; the-great-figs-were-meeting-places
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:48:47.852693+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:43:20.229741+00:00
english:
The old man said the great fig trees were the meeting places of the old country, chosen for gatherings because their shade held hundreds and their fruit fed the crowd, so the biggest were known by name across many days' walk, and to say you would meet someone at a named fig was to name a place as fixed and certain as any river-mouth or mountain.

kuku:
Mukulungku dingkarangka balkan dukal-juku yalbay nyulu bama-bangkarr-bubu ngadiku-mundu, bangkarr-yamba-nka manin nyungu wabarr wubul karrbal nyungu mayi bama-wubul dayal, juku yalbay bajaku binal nyungu kuku wungar wubulku jilbalmuny, yundu balkanya yundu bama nyubun nyaji-way dukal-kuku-jinanga yundu bubu balkan janan yala junkurr wawubaja-julay yumal baja yala.

analysis:
mukul-ungku dingkar-angka balka-ny dukal-juku yalbay nyulu bama-bangkarr-bubu ngadiku-mundu, bangkarr-yamba-nka mani-ny nyungu wabarr wubul karrba-l nyungu mayi bama-wubul daya-l, juku yalbay bajaku binal nyungu kuku wungar wubul-ku jilba-l-muny, yundu balka-nya yundu bama nyubun nyaji-way dukal-kuku-jina-nga yundu bubu balka-ny jana-ny yala junkurr wawubaja-julay yumal baja yala | old man said fig-tree big it people-gathering-place ancient, gathering-thing-for taken its shade hundreds holds its fruit crowd feeds, tree big most known its name days all walk-of, you say-SUB you person one meet.each.other fig-named-LOC you place say stands as strong river-mouth mountain too as


frame: flora
words_used: ["juku", "bana", "kiju", "wurrul", "bangkan", "kuyu", "warrur", "kalbal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: the-mangrove-world-the-inland-people-never-learned
status: accepted
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:48:47.852693+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-03T07:52:08.615482+00:00
english:
The old woman said the mangrove world is a garden that most inland people never learn to read, for its trees give timber that does not rot in salt water, its mud holds the crabs and the shellfish, its roots shelter the young fish, and its bark and leaves make dyes and medicines, so the coastal people held a whole body of tree-knowledge the inland people simply lacked.

kuku:
Wulbumanangka balkan juku-bana-bubu nyulu bubu-mayi bama-bubu wubulku kariku ngaralmuny, nyungu juku dayal juku kari bana-mula kilban, nyungu bada kiju wurrul baja karrbal, nyungu bangkan kuyu buban wabarr-manil, nyungu warrur birra baja mula-daji kalbal baja bungal, jalun-bama karrban juku-binal yalbay bubu-bama nganga bawanmuny.

analysis:
wulbuman-angka balka-ny juku-bana-bubu nyulu bubu-mayi bama-bubu wubul-ku kariku ngara-l-muny, nyungu juku daya-l juku kari bana-mula kilba-ny, nyungu bada kiju wurrul baja karrba-l, nyungu bangkan kuyu buban wabarr-ma-ni-l, nyungu warrur birra baja mula-daji kalbal baja bunga-l, jalun-bama karrba-ny juku-binal yalbay bubu-bama nganga bawa-ny-muny | old.woman said mangrove-world it garden inland-people all never read-ABL, its trees timber gives wood NEG salt-water rots, its mud mudcrab shellfish too holds, its root fish small shelters, its bark leaf too dye medicine too makes, coast-people held tree-knowledge big inland-people just lacked-ABL


frame: flora
words_used: ["juku", "kanunjul", "yikari", "kalka", "marrakan", "jurrbu", "makarr", "kalbal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: dunga-y-wungar-nga LOC; the-hidden-treasure-of-tree-gum
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:48:47.852693+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The old man said the resin and gum of the trees are a hidden treasure most people walk past, for the hard gum seals and glues and makes the fixed spearhead and the watertight canoe, the soft sticky sap catches small birds and mends a net, and some gums even chew sweet or make a medicine, so he taught the boys to gather and store the gum of each good tree in its flowing season.

kuku:
Mukulungku dingkarangka balkan juku nyungu kanunjul yikari baja nyulu yamba-yukil buyan bama wubulku ngundu-mundu jilbalmuny, yikari junkurr karra nyulu kalka-murru bungan marrakan bana-kari, jurrbu jinbal buyi buban karrbal makarr murni-manil, kanunjul nyubun nukal jiba-wulay yambada kalbal bungal, nyulu warru-warru milbin bangkanka karrbanka juku yukil nyubun nyungu dungay-wungara.

analysis:
mukul-ungku dingkar-angka balka-ny juku nyungu kanunjul yikari baja nyulu yamba-yukil buya-ny bama wubul-ku ngundu-mundu jilba-l-muny, yikari junkurr karra nyulu kalka-murru bunga-ny marrakan bana-kari, jurrbu jinbal buyi buban karrba-l makarr murni-ma-ni-l, kanunjul nyubun nuka-l jiba-wulay yambada kalbal bunga-l, nyulu warru-warru milbi-ny bangka-nka karrba-nka juku yukil nyubun nyungu dunga-y-wungar-a | old man said tree its resin gum too it treasure hides people all past walk-ABL, gum hard seals it spearhead makes canoe water-less(tight), sap sticky bird small catches net mends, gum one eaten sweet or medicine makes, he young.men taught gather-DAT store-DAT tree good each its flow-season-LOC


frame: flora
words_used: ["mayi", "birra", "jurrbu", "dakwuy", "bangkan", "jirakal", "bangkal", "binal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: nganga-kari-nga PRIV+LOC; the-emergency-foods-the-full-forget
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:48:47.852693+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The old woman said the young leaves and shoots of many plants are food when nothing else is, for in the hungry gap before the fruit comes and after the roots run low, the soft new growth of the right plants can be gathered and cooked and will keep a family alive, so she taught the girls the emergency-foods that a full-bellied person forgets but a starving one must know.

kuku:
Wulbumanangka balkan mayi nyubun-nyubun birra buban jurrbu baja mayi yamba yindu nganga-karinga, dakwuy-jandu mayi kadanya ngadiku bangkan bada-mandanya baja, mayi yukil nyungu jirakal kima bangkal wajunku jawun-karra wunay-manil, nyulu jalbu-buban milbin dakwuy-mayi bama jiba-yajin milka-wulanmuny yambada dakwuy-bama binalka.

analysis:
wulbuman-angka balka-ny mayi nyubun-nyubun birra buban jurrbu baja mayi yamba yindu nganga-kari-nga, dakwuy-jandu mayi kada-nya ngadiku bangkan bada-ma-nda-nya baja, mayi yukil nyungu jirakal kima bangka-l waju-nku jawun-karra wuna-y-ma-ni-l, nyulu jalbu-buban milbi-ny dakwuy-mayi bama jiba-yajin milka-wula-ny-muny yambada dakwuy-bama binal-ka | old.woman said plant certain leaf young shoot too food thing other nothing-LOC, hunger-gap fruit comes-SUB before root runs.low-SUB too, plant good its fresh soft gather cook-DAT family alive-keeps, she girls taught hunger-food person belly-full forgets-ABL but starving-person know-DAT


frame: flora
words_used: ["juku", "jirakal", "wula", "kaka", "warru", "bunday", "mukul", "jarrakulbal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: wural-wural 'bend'(check); the-green-bends-the-dry-snaps
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:48:47.852693+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:01:10.660377+00:00
english:
The old man said the difference between a green branch and a dead one is the whole difference between a thing that will bend and a thing that will break, and he used this to teach the young: the green wood of youth bends under a blow and springs back, but the dry wood of age, though harder and stronger-seeming, snaps, so treat the very old as you would carry dry wood, gently and with both hands.

kuku:
Mukulungku dingkarangka balkan juku jirakal juku wula-mabi yindu-yindu yamba nyulu badaman yamba nyulu kakan yindu-yindu, nyulu yinya kirrajin warru milbil: juku jirakal warru-mu nyulu bundabu badaman nyunbal, yambada juku kiway-kiway mukul-mu, junkurr dandi-mabi yala, nyulu kakan, mukul bajaku murni yundu juku kiway-kiway jarrakulbal yala, kima mara jambulbu.

analysis:
mukul-ungku dingkar-angka balka-ny juku jirakal juku wula-mabi yindu-yindu yamba nyulu badama-ny yamba nyulu kaka-ny yindu-yindu, nyulu yinya kirraji-ny warru milbi-l: juku jirakal warru-mu nyulu bunda-bu badama-ny nyunba-l, yambada juku kiway-kiway mukul-mu, junkurr dandi-mabi yala, nyulu kaka-ny, mukul bajaku murni yundu juku kiway-kiway jarrakulba-l yala, kima mara jambul-bu | old man said wood green wood dead-like different thing it bends thing it breaks different, he that used young teach: wood green youth-of it blow-INST bends springs.back, but wood dry age-of, strong hard-like although, it snaps, old most treat you wood dry carry as, gently hand two-INST


frame: flora
words_used: ["juku", "milbil", "maku-janay", "barka", "jarral", "wabarr", "jija", "daji"]
loans_used: []
evidence: wabarr-nga LOC(rr,a)->wabarrba FIX; planting-a-gift-you'll-never-receive
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:48:47.852693+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The old woman said the trees teach the deepest patience of all, for a person plants a nut knowing they will never sit in its shade, that the shade is for the grandchildren of their grandchildren, and yet the old people planted anyway, generation after generation, and this is why the country was full of great old trees, because a thousand generations chose to give a gift they would never receive.

kuku:
Wulbumanangka balkan juku milbil maku-janal bada bajaku wubulmuny, bama barka jarral binal nyulu kariku nyungu wabarrba bundal, wabarr nyungu jija-jija nyungu jija-jijamu, yambada bama mukul jarran yambada, wungar-kadal wungar-kadal baja, yinya bubu buwan juku yalbay mukul-mabibu, wubul wungar-kadal manin dayanka daji jana kariku manilmuny.

analysis:
wulbuman-angka balka-ny juku milbi-l maku-jana-l bada bajaku wubul-muny, bama barka jarra-l binal nyulu kariku nyungu wabarr-ba bunda-l, wabarr nyungu jija-jija nyungu jija-jija-mu, yambada bama mukul jarra-ny yambada, wungar-kada-l wungar-kada-l baja, yinya bubu buwa-ny juku yalbay mukul-mabi-bu, wubul wungar-kada-l mani-ny daya-nka daji jana kariku mani-l-muny | old.woman said trees teach patience deepest most all-ABL, person nut plants knows he never its shade-LOC sits, shade his grandchildren their grandchildren-of, but people old planted anyway, generation generation too, that country filled trees big old-like-INST, thousand generation chose give-DAT gift they never receive-ABL


frame: flora
words_used: ["dakumbar", "juku", "wawubaja", "bangkan", "jalkar", "wabarr", "kuyu", "birra"]
loans_used: []
evidence: dakumbar water-gum; jambul-nga LOC(l)->jambulba FIX; the-creek-trees-guard-the-water
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:48:47.852693+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The old man said the water-gum and the trees that line the creek are the guardians of the water, for their roots hold the bank against the flood, their shade keeps the water cool and the fish alive, and their fallen leaves feed the whole creek, so he taught that to clear the trees from a waterway is to kill the water itself within a few short years.

kuku:
Mukulungku dingkarangka balkan dakumbar juku wawubaja-nga janan nyulu bana-kuji-bama, nyungu bangkan jalkar karrbal bana-yalbaymuny, nyungu wabarr bana kaka-manil kuyu wunay-manil, nyungu birra badanmuny wawubaja wubulku dayal, nyulu milbin juku bana-baralmuny janga-manilka nyulu bana nyulu-nyulu kuninka wungar buban jambulba.

analysis:
mukul-ungku dingkar-angka balka-ny dakumbar juku wawubaja-nga jana-ny nyulu bana-kuji-bama, nyungu bangkan jalkar karrba-l bana-yalbay-muny, nyungu wabarr bana kaka-ma-ni-l kuyu wuna-y-ma-ni-l, nyungu birra bada-ny-muny wawubaja wubul-ku daya-l, nyulu milbi-ny juku bana-baral-muny janga-ma-ni-nka nyulu bana nyulu-nyulu kuni-nka wungar buban jambul-ba | old man said water.gum tree creek-edge stands it water-keeper, its root bank holds flood-from, its shade water cool-keeps fish alive-keeps, its leaf fallen-from creek all feeds, he taught tree waterway-from strip-DAT it water itself kill-DAT year few-LOC


frame: flora
words_used: ["mayi", "binal", "jarral", "dayal", "milbil", "bubu", "wawu", "kulun"]
loans_used: []
evidence: bubu-nga LOC(a); plant-knowledge-grows-the-more-you-give-it
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:48:47.852693+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:43:20.229741+00:00
english:
The old woman said a person's knowledge of plants is the one wealth that grows the more it is given away, for teaching a girl to know a hundred plants does not lessen the teacher's own knowing but doubles the knowing in the world, and this is why the old ones gave the plant-knowledge freely all their lives, for it was the one treasure that theft could not touch and giving could not diminish.

kuku:
Wulbumanangka balkan bama nyungu mayi-binal nyulu yamba-yukil nyubun nyulu jarral ngulkurr-baja nyulu dayanmuny, jalbu-buban milbin mayi wubul binalka kari milbil-bama nyungu binal buban-manil yambada binal jambul-manil bubungu, yinya mukul jana mayi-binal dayan yukil wawu kalbay wubulku, nyulu yamba-yukil nyubun nyulu kulunbu kari karrbal daji kari buban-manil.

analysis:
wulbuman-angka balka-ny bama nyungu mayi-binal nyulu yamba-yukil nyubun nyulu jarra-l ngulkurr-baja nyulu daya-ny-muny, jalbu-buban milbi-ny mayi wubul binal-ka kari milbil-bama nyungu binal buban-ma-ni-l yambada binal jambul-ma-ni-l bubu-ngu, yinya mukul jana mayi-binal daya-ny yukil wawu kalbay wubul-ku, nyulu yamba-yukil nyubun nyulu kulun-bu kari karrba-l daji kari buban-ma-ni-l | old.woman said person his plant-knowledge it wealth one it grows more it given-ABL, girl taught plant hundred know-DAT NEG teacher his knowing lessens but knowing doubles world-LOC, that old they plant-knowledge gave freely life all, it treasure one it theft-INST NEG holds giving NEG lessens


frame: flora
words_used: ["wangal", "bigan", "durray", "juku", "binal", "junkurr", "kalka", "milka"]
loans_used: []
evidence: milka-nga LOC(a); wangal boomerang, bigan shield, durray club; the-right-tree-for-the-right-tool
status: accepted
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:48:47.852693+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-03T07:52:08.615482+00:00
english:
The old man said the boomerang and the shield and the club each demand a different tree, and part of a maker's whole art is knowing that this heavy dense wood takes an edge, that this springy wood returns a throw, that this light wood floats and will not split, so before a single cut is made the true maker has already walked the country in his mind and chosen the exact tree for the exact tool.

kuku:
Mukulungku dingkarangka balkan wangal kunjuri durray baja nyubun-nyubun juku yindu-yindu wawu-manil, murni-bama nyungu janka-yukil wubulku nyulu binal juku yinya junkurr dandi nyulu miyil manil, juku yinya badamal nyulu yilbay nyunbal, juku yinya buban nyulu marijil kari kakan, kalka nyubun murninya ngadiku murni-bama yukil nyulu bubu milkanga jilbanmuny manin juku nyubun kalka nyubunku.

analysis:
mukul-ungku dingkar-angka balka-ny wangal kunjuri durray baja nyubun-nyubun juku yindu-yindu wawu-ma-ni-l, murni-bama nyungu janka-yukil wubul-ku nyulu binal juku yinya junkurr dandi nyulu miyil mani-l, juku yinya badamal nyulu yilbay nyunba-l, juku yinya buban nyulu mariji-l kari kaka-ny, kalka nyubun murni-nya ngadiku murni-bama yukil nyulu bubu milka-nga jilba-ny-muny mani-ny juku nyubun kalka nyubun-ku | old man said boomerang shield club too each tree different demands, maker his art all he knows wood this strong hard it edge takes, wood this bending it throw returns, wood this light it floats NEG splits, spear one made-SUB before maker good he country mind-LOC walked-ABL took tree one tool one-DAT


frame: flora
words_used: ["juku", "baya", "bubu", "wajun", "kija", "jirakal", "jikan", "binal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: wungar-nga LOC(r)->wungara FIX; careful-patch-burning-of-the-country
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:48:47.852693+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:46:05.836376+00:00
english:
The old woman said the trees remember the fire, for a country burned well in the cool season grows back green and open and full of new food, but a country left unburnt too long grows a deadly fuel-load and burns at last in a killing fire that destroys even the great old trees, so the old people burned the country in careful patches, reading each tree and each grass to know its season.

kuku:
Wulbumanangka balkan juku baya karrbal, bubu wajun yukil kiway-kiway wungara jirakal-manda janga jarral mayi jirakal-mabi, yambada bubu waju-kari kalbay bajaku nyulu baya-mayi wula-mabi jarral wajun bada bajaku baya-kunil juku yalbay mukul baja kunilmuny, bama mukul bubu wajun buban-buban karra, juku nyubun jikan nyubun ngaran nyungu wungar binalka.

analysis:
wulbuman-angka balka-ny juku baya karrba-l, bubu waju-ny yukil kiway-kiway wungar-a jirakal-ma-nda janga jarra-l mayi jirakal-mabi, yambada bubu waju-kari kalbay bajaku nyulu baya-mayi wula-mabi jarra-l waju-ny bada bajaku baya-kuni-l juku yalbay mukul baja kuni-l-muny, bama mukul bubu waju-ny buban-buban karra, juku nyubun jikan nyubun ngara-ny nyungu wungar binal-ka | old.woman said trees fire remember, country burned well cold season-LOC green-becomes open grows food fresh-like, but country burn-less long most it fire-fuel dead-like grows burns deep most fire-killing tree big old too kills-ABL, people old country burned patches, tree each grass each read its season know-DAT


frame: flora
words_used: ["kalal", "bana", "bubu", "kija", "wula", "kalka", "jarrakulbal", "milbil"]
loans_used: []
evidence: bubu-kija-nga LOC(a); the-water-vine-that-saves-lives
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:48:47.852693+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The old man said the vine that gives good drinking water in the dry country has saved more lives than any spear, for a certain thick vine cut and held up drips clean cool water enough to keep a person going, and he made every boy learn to tell the water-vine from the many that look like it, for a mistake there in a dry place is a mistake a person makes only once.

kuku:
Mukulungku dingkarangka balkan kalal bana yukil dayal bubu-kiway nyulu bama wula-manin ngulkurr-baja kalka wubulmuny, kalal junkurr nyubun kakan wangkar karrbanya bana yukil kaka badanya bama nyubun jarrakulbalku, nyulu warru wubulku milbin bana-kalal balkanka kalal wubulmuny nyulu yala nyajilmuny, mumbu yinya bubu-kiwaymba nyulu mumbu bama nyubun bungal nganga.

analysis:
mukul-ungku dingkar-angka balka-ny kalal bana yukil daya-l bubu-kiway nyulu bama wula-ma-ni-ny ngulkurr-baja kalka wubul-muny, kalal junkurr nyubun kaka-ny wangkar karrba-nya bana yukil kaka bada-nya bama nyubun jarrakulba-l-ku, nyulu warru wubul-ku milbi-ny bana-kalal balka-nka kalal wubul-muny nyulu yala nyaji-l-muny, mumbu yinya bubu-kiway-mba nyulu mumbu bama nyubun bunga-l nganga | old man said vine water good gives dry-country it people saved more spear all-ABL, vine thick one cut up held-SUB water good cool drips-SUB person one keep.going-DAT, he young.men all taught water-vine tell-DAT vine all-from it like look-ABL, mistake that dry-place-LOC it mistake person one makes once


frame: flora
words_used: ["nganka", "majaji", "mayi", "kuku-junkurr", "ngaral", "kulbul", "milbil", "wungar"]
loans_used: []
evidence: nganka flower; reading-the-future-in-the-flowering
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:48:47.852693+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The old woman said the small flowers of the scrub are not useless prettiness but the promise of the fruit to come, and a person who reads the flowering can already count the season's harvest weeks before it ripens, so she taught the girls to walk through the flowering scrub not just seeing the beauty but reading the future written all across it in white and yellow and red.

kuku:
Wulbumanangka balkan nganka buban majaji nyulu kari yilbay yamba-yukil-kari yambada mayi kadalmuny kuku-junkurr, bama nyulu nganka ngaral nyulu ngadiku wungar mayi binalka wungar buban ngadiku nyulu kulbul-mandanya, nyulu jalbu-buban milbin majaji nganka-mabi jilbanka kari nganga yilbay nyajinka yambada wungar-kadal ngaral juku wubulku jarranmuny kambar makirr mula-mula baja.

analysis:
wulbuman-angka balka-ny nganka buban majaji nyulu kari yilbay yamba-yukil-kari yambada mayi kada-l-muny kuku-junkurr, bama nyulu nganka ngara-l nyulu ngadiku wungar mayi binal-ka wungar buban ngadiku nyulu kulbul-ma-nda-nya, nyulu jalbu-buban milbi-ny majaji nganka-mabi jilba-nka kari nganga yilbay nyaji-nka yambada wungar-kada-l ngara-l juku wubul-ku jarra-ny-muny kambar makirr mula-mula baja | old.woman said flower small scrub it NEG beauty useless but fruit coming-of promise, person he flower reads he already season harvest counts weeks few before it ripens-SUB, she girls taught scrub flowering walk-DAT NEG just beauty see-DAT but future read tree all written-of white yellow red too


frame: flora
words_used: ["juku", "wula", "jambun", "karrkay", "jarba-mayi", "minya", "wabarr", "bubu"]
loans_used: []
evidence: the-fallen-tree-keeps-giving-a-slow-feast
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:48:47.852693+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:01:10.660377+00:00
english:
The old man said even the fallen dead tree keeps giving for many years, feeding the grubs the children love, growing the mushrooms after rain, sheltering the small creatures, softening slowly into the soil that feeds the next tree, so he taught the boys never to see a fallen tree as rubbish to be cleared but as a slow feast the country lays out across a whole generation.

kuku:
Mukulungku dingkarangka balkan juku wula-mabi badanmuny nganga dayal wungar wubulku, jambun karrkay-karrkay wawu-minimuny dayal, mayi jirakal jarral bana ngadiku, minya buban wabarr-manil, buban-buban kima-manda bubu-mundu nyulu juku yindu dayal, nyulu warru-warru milbin kariku juku badanmuny nyaji yamba-mumbu janga-manilku yambada mayi buban-buban bubu buwal wungar-kadal wubulku.

analysis:
mukul-ungku dingkar-angka balka-ny juku wula-mabi bada-ny-muny nganga daya-l wungar wubul-ku, jambun karrkay-karrkay wawu-mini-muny daya-l, mayi jirakal jarra-l bana ngadiku, minya buban wabarr-ma-ni-l, buban-buban kima-ma-nda bubu-mundu nyulu juku yindu daya-l, nyulu warru-warru milbi-ny kariku juku bada-ny-muny nyaji yamba-mumbu janga-ma-ni-l-ku yambada mayi buban-buban bubu buwa-l wungar-kada-l wubul-ku | old man said tree dead-like fallen-from still gives years all, grub children joy-of gives, fresh.food grows rain after, creature small shelters, slowly softens soil-toward it tree next feeds, he young.men taught never tree fallen-from see rubbish clear-DAT-for but food slow country lays generation all


frame: flora
words_used: ["diburr", "juku", "karrkay", "milbil", "bangkal", "kalka", "wulngku", "baya"]
loans_used: []
evidence: the-plants-give-music-too
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:48:47.852693+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The old woman said the seed pods and the dry husks of many plants make the rattles and the rhythm-things of the dances and the games, and she taught the children to gather and dry and string them, so that the plants gave not only food and tools but music too, and a child shaking a seed-pod rattle by the fire was already learning the beat that the great dances would one day need.

kuku:
Wulbumanangka balkan diburr-jarrakay juku kiway-kiway wubulku nyubun-nyubun bungal kurr-kurr yulmbarril-jangkar yajarr-yamba baja, nyulu karrkay-karrkay milbin bangkanka wunanka karranyji baja, juku dayal kari nganga mayi kalka yambada wulngku baja, karrkay nyulu diburr-kurr-kurr jaba-manilnya baya ngunduku nyulu ngadiku binalman kuku-jina yulmbarril-yalbay wungar nyubun wawu-manilmuny.

analysis:
wulbuman-angka balka-ny diburr-jarrakay juku kiway-kiway wubul-ku nyubun-nyubun bunga-l kurr-kurr yulmbarril-jangkar yajarr-yamba baja, nyulu karrkay-karrkay milbi-ny bangka-nka wuna-nka karra-nyji baja, juku daya-l kari nganga mayi kalka yambada wulngku baja, karrkay nyulu diburr-kurr-kurr jaba-ma-ni-l-nya baya ngundu-ku nyulu ngadiku binal-ma-ny kuku-jina yulmbarril-yalbay wungar nyubun wawu-ma-ni-l-muny | old.woman said seed-pod tree dry all certain make rattle dance-song game too, she children taught gather-DAT dry-for string-with too, trees give NEG just food tool but music too, child he seed-rattle shakes-SUB fire near-LOC he already learned beat dance-big time one needs-ABL


frame: flora
words_used: ["juku", "binal", "balkal", "warrur", "birra", "nganja", "majaji", "miyil"]
loans_used: []
evidence: wungar-nga LOC(r)->wungara FIX; knowing-the-trees-by-touch-and-smell-in-the-dark
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:48:47.852693+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The old man said the true test of tree-knowledge is not naming the trees in the daylight but finding the right one in the dark by bark and leaf-shape and smell alone, for a person often needs wood or medicine at night in an emergency, so he made the boys learn each tree with their hands and their nose, not only their eyes, until they could walk the night scrub and know every tree they touched.

kuku:
Mukulungku dingkarangka balkan juku-binal yukil nyaji kari juku balkal wungara yambada nyubun yukil maninka wujurr-bu warrur birra-murru nganja nganga, bama nyubun-nyubun juku kalbal wawu-manil wujurr dandi-ngunduku, nyulu warru-warru milbin juku nyubun maranji nganja-mundu baja, kari nganga miyilbu, dukul jana majaji-wujurr jilbal juku wubulku jana karrbanmuny binalka.

analysis:
mukul-ungku dingkar-angka balka-ny juku-binal yukil nyaji kari juku balka-l wungar-a yambada nyubun yukil mani-nka wujurr-bu warrur birra-murru nganja nganga, bama nyubun-nyubun juku kalbal wawu-ma-ni-l wujurr dandi-ngundu-ku, nyulu warru-warru milbi-ny juku nyubun mara-nji nganja-mundu baja, kari nganga miyil-bu, dukul jana majaji-wujurr jilba-l juku wubul-ku jana karrba-ny-muny binal-ka | old man said tree-knowledge good test NEG tree name daytime-LOC but one good find-DAT dark-LOC bark leaf-shape smell alone, person certain tree wood medicine wants night emergency-LOC, he young.men taught tree one hand-with smell-toward too, NEG just eye-INST, at.last they night-scrub walk trees all they touched-ABL know-DAT


frame: flora
words_used: ["bubu", "mayi", "juku", "kujil", "bayan", "bangkan", "diburr", "jarral"]
loans_used: []
evidence: the-wild-country-was-a-vast-slow-garden
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:48:47.852693+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T20:35:05.834735+00:00
english:
The old woman said the country was once a garden tended by countless hands across countless years, that the useful plants clustered near the old camps because the people carried and dropped and planted their seeds, that the fruit trees grew where the people ate and discarded, so that the wild country was never truly wild but a vast slow garden shaped by the people who belonged to it.

kuku:
Wulbumanangka balkan bubu ngadiku bubu-mayi kuji-mabi mara kulur-kari-bu wungar kulur-kari-mundu, mayi-juku yukil bayan mukul ngunduku bangkan bama nyungu diburr jarrakulban badan jarran ngadiku, mayi-juku jarran wanja bama nukan bawan, bubu majaji nyulu kari bajaku majaji yambada bubu-mayi yalbay buban-buban bama nyungu-mundu kajanmuny murninmuny.

analysis:
wulbuman-angka balka-ny bubu ngadiku bubu-mayi kuji-mabi mara kulur-kari-bu wungar kulur-kari-mundu, mayi-juku yukil bayan mukul ngundu-ku bangka-ny bama nyungu diburr jarrakulba-ny bada-ny jarra-ny ngadiku, mayi-juku jarra-ny wanja bama nuka-ny bawa-ny, bubu majaji nyulu kari bajaku majaji yambada bubu-mayi yalbay buban-buban bama nyungu-mundu kaja-ny-muny murni-ny-muny | old.woman said country once garden tended-like hand countless-INST years countless-through, food-tree good camp old near-LOC cluster people their seed carried dropped planted, food-tree grows where people ate discarded, country wild it NEG truly wild but garden big slow people it-toward belonged-of shaped-of


frame: flora
words_used: ["juku", "jalun", "bana", "jamba", "jarramali", "bayan", "wabarr", "binal"]
loans_used: []
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:48:47.852693+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:46:46.245393+00:00
english:
The old man said the mangrove and the coastal trees that stand in the salt water are a wall the sea cannot break, holding the land against the storm-tide and the great waves, sheltering the shore camps behind them, and he said the people who cut these trees for quick timber were opening their own country's door to the sea, and would learn their mistake in the next big blow.

kuku:
Mukulungku dingkarangka balkan juku-bana jalun-juku janan bana-mula nyulu karra-yamba jalun kari kakalmuny, bubu karrbal jalun-jarramali bana-yalbay wubulmuny, jalun-bayan janka-dukurrmuny wabarr-manil, nyulu balkan bama juku yinya dakan juku-warri wubulmuny jana nyungu-nyungu bubu jina jalun-mundu kajal, jana binalman nyungu mumbu jarramali yalbay ngundungu.

analysis:
mukul-ungku dingkar-angka balka-ny juku-bana jalun-juku jana-ny bana-mula nyulu karra-yamba jalun kari kaka-l-muny, bubu karrba-l jalun-jarramali bana-yalbay wubul-muny, jalun-bayan janka-dukurr-muny wabarr-ma-ni-l, nyulu balka-ny bama juku yinya daka-ny juku-warri wubul-muny jana nyungu-nyungu bubu jina jalun-mundu kaja-l, jana binal-ma-ny nyungu mumbu jarramali yalbay ngundu-ngu | old man said mangrove coast-tree stands salt-water it barrier sea NEG break-ABL, land holds storm-tide waves big all-from, shore-camp behind-from shelters, he said people tree those cut timber-fast all-for they their.own country door sea-toward open, they learn their mistake storm big next-LOC

evidence:
jamba here 'wall'(hillside-metaphor,accept); ngundu-nga LOC(u)->ngundungu FIX; the-coastal-trees-are-a-wall-against-the-sea


frame: flora
words_used: ["mayi", "murbuy", "warrur", "bangkan", "kambar", "jurrbu", "milbil", "bangkal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: kambar 'white clay'; the-dye-plants-behind-the-paintings
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:48:47.852693+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The old woman said the plants that stain and dye were treasured for the paint and the decorated things, for one bark gives a deep red, one root a strong yellow, one fruit a black, one clay mixed with sap a white that lasts, and she taught the girls to gather and prepare each color, so that the whole bright world of the paintings came out of the quiet plants of the scrub.

kuku:
Wulbumanangka balkan mayi mula-daji nganja-daji baja yamba-yukil murbuy murni-yamba baja, warrur nyubun mula-mula yalbay dayal, bangkan nyubun makirr junkurr, mayi nyubun dandi, kambar nyubun jurrbu-ji murni-manda nyulu kalbaymuny, nyulu jalbu-buban milbin bangkanka murni-manilka nganja-jarray nyubun-nyubun, murbuy-yamba wubulku yilbay bubu nyulu majaji mayi karra-mabimuny kadan.

analysis:
wulbuman-angka balka-ny mayi mula-daji nganja-daji baja yamba-yukil murbuy birra-bunga-l-yamba baja, warrur nyubun mula-mula yalbay daya-l, bangkan nyubun makirr junkurr, mayi nyubun dandi, kambar nyubun jurrbu-ji murni-ma-nda nyulu kalbay-muny, nyulu jalbu-buban milbi-ny bangka-nka murni-ma-ni-nka nganja-jarray nyubun-nyubun, murbuy-yamba wubul-ku yilbay bubu nyulu majaji mayi karra-mabi-muny kada-ny | old.woman said plant stain dye too treasured ochre decorated-thing too, bark one red big gives, root one yellow strong, fruit one black, clay one shoot(sap)-COMIT mixed it lasts, she girls taught gather-DAT prepare-DAT color each, ochre-thing all bright world it scrub plants quiet-like-from came


frame: flora
words_used: ["juku", "bama", "wandil", "wawu", "milka", "kujil", "junkurr", "bangkan"]
loans_used: []
evidence: bangkan-ji 'root-COMIT/rooted'; milka-nga LOC(a); a-person-and-their-own-tree
status: revised
confidence: high
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-03T07:48:47.852693+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:46:05.836376+00:00
english:
The old man said the tree that a person is born under, or that stands at the place of their conception, is that person's own tree for life in the old way of thinking, so a person and a tree could be tied together, the person caring for that tree and drawing strength from it, and he said this was not mere fancy but a way of teaching every person that they are rooted in the living country.

kuku:
Mukulungku dingkarangka balkan juku bama nyulu ngundu wandinmuny, yambada janan nyungu jarray-bubungu, nyulu bama nyubun nyungu-nyungu juku wawu kalbay-mba ngadiku-kuku milkanga, bama juku baja nyubun-nyubunji kajal, bama juku yinya kujil junkurr manil ngundumuny, nyulu balkan yinya kari yilbay-kuku nganga yambada yala bama wubulku milbil jana bubu wula-mabinga bangkan-ji.

analysis:
mukul-ungku dingkar-angka balka-ny juku bama nyulu ngundu wandi-ny-muny, yambada jana-ny nyungu jarray-bubu-ngu, nyulu bama nyubun nyungu-nyungu juku wawu kalbay-mba ngadiku-kuku milka-nga, bama juku baja nyubun-nyubun-ji kaja-l, bama juku yinya kuji-l junkurr mani-l ngundu-muny, nyulu balka-ny yinya kari yilbay-kuku nganga yambada yala bama wubul-ku milbi-l jana bubu wula-mabi-nga bangkan-ji | old man said tree person he near born-from, or stands his conception-place-LOC, it person one his.own tree life long-LOC old-way thinking-LOC, person tree too each.other-with tied, person tree that cares strength gets it-from, he said that NEG fancy-word just but way person all teach they country living-LOC rooted(root-COMIT)


