# sentences

english: We two, not you, see the marril ti tree there.
kuku: Ngali marril yinyay nyajil.
analysis: ngali marril yinyay nyajil | 1du.EXCL.NOM marril.ti.tree there see.NPST
frame: r304_1du_excl_there_flora_see_marril
words_used: ["ngali", "marril", "yinyay", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-09T23:43:29Z
updated_at: 2026-07-09T23:44:04Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 18574-18597 give marril as noun 'tree' / 'mangrove', including ti tree and mangrove source prose with hard wood used for oars. Rule 304 selects visible marril/ti-tree reference only and leaves mangrove expansion, seed, hardwood, oar, wood, water, and use rows closed. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominative ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana, with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; lines 2674-2684 discuss non-singular roots and state ngali is dual exclusive, ngaliny dual inclusive, and ngana plural inclusive; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'; verb lines 3043-3051 source nyaji-l and surface nyajil as nonpast perception. Rule 304 uses only bare support forms.


english: We two, not you, see the ngurrkul fig tree there.
kuku: Ngali ngurrkul yinyay nyajil.
analysis: ngali ngurrkul yinyay nyajil | 1du.EXCL.NOM ngurrkul.fig.tree there see.NPST
frame: r304_1du_excl_there_flora_see_ngurrkul
words_used: ["ngali", "ngurrkul", "yinyay", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-09T23:43:29Z
updated_at: 2026-07-09T23:44:04Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 23921-23942 give ngurrkul as noun 'tree', species with edible fig / edible fruit in deep scrub. Rule 304 selects visible ngurrkul/fig-tree reference only and leaves fruit, edible, deep-scrub, food, and ecology rows closed. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominative ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana, with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; lines 2674-2684 discuss non-singular roots and state ngali is dual exclusive, ngaliny dual inclusive, and ngana plural inclusive; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'; verb lines 3043-3051 source nyaji-l and surface nyajil as nonpast perception. Rule 304 uses only bare support forms.


english: We two, not you, see the bujabay tree here.
kuku: Ngali bujabay yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngali bujabay yaluy nyajil | 1du.EXCL.NOM bujabay.tree here see.NPST
frame: r305_1du_excl_here_flora_see_bujabay
words_used: ["ngali", "bujabay", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-09T23:57:57Z
updated_at: 2026-07-09T23:59:07Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 3572-3577 give bujabay as noun 'tree', a species with edible fruit needing leaching in water. Rule 305 selects visible bujabay-tree reference only and leaves fruit, edibility, leaching, water, and preparation rows closed. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominative ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana, with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; lines 2674-2684 discuss non-singular roots and state ngali is dual exclusive, ngaliny dual inclusive, and ngana plural inclusive; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'; verb lines 3043-3051 source nyaji-l and surface nyajil as nonpast perception. Rule 305 uses only bare support forms.


english: We two, not you, see the jingajalka tree here.
kuku: Ngali jingajalka yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngali jingajalka yaluy nyajil | 1du.EXCL.NOM jingajalka.tree here see.NPST
frame: r305_1du_excl_here_flora_see_jingajalka
words_used: ["ngali", "jingajalka", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-09T23:57:57Z
updated_at: 2026-07-09T23:59:07Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 9465-9470 give jingajalka as noun 'tree' with source prose about fruit, bark baskets, cooking, hot stones, and bones. Rule 305 selects visible jingajalka-tree reference only and leaves all use, food, bark, fire, cooking, and death/bone source prose closed. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominative ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana, with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; lines 2674-2684 discuss non-singular roots and state ngali is dual exclusive, ngaliny dual inclusive, and ngana plural inclusive; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'; verb lines 3043-3051 source nyaji-l and surface nyajil as nonpast perception. Rule 305 uses only bare support forms.


english: We two, not you, see the jirimandi coconut tree here.
kuku: Ngali jirimandi yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngali jirimandi yaluy nyajil | 1du.EXCL.NOM jirimandi.coconut.tree here see.NPST
frame: r305_1du_excl_here_flora_see_jirimandi
words_used: ["ngali", "jirimandi", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-09T23:57:57Z
updated_at: 2026-07-09T23:59:07Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 9765-9770 give jirimandi as noun 'tree' with definition 'coconut'. Rule 305 selects visible jirimandi/coconut-tree reference only and leaves coconut food, introduced plant history, and use rows closed. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominative ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana, with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; lines 2674-2684 discuss non-singular roots and state ngali is dual exclusive, ngaliny dual inclusive, and ngana plural inclusive; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'; verb lines 3043-3051 source nyaji-l and surface nyajil as nonpast perception. Rule 305 uses only bare support forms.


english: We two, not you, see the julbal tree here.
kuku: Ngali julbal yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngali julbal yaluy nyajil | 1du.EXCL.NOM julbal.tree here see.NPST
frame: r305_1du_excl_here_flora_see_julbal
words_used: ["ngali", "julbal", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-09T23:57:57Z
updated_at: 2026-07-09T23:59:07Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 10479-10494 give julbal as noun 'tree', with small edible green apple fruit and wet-season ripening source prose. Rule 305 selects visible julbal-tree reference only and leaves fruit, food, season, and ripening rows closed. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominative ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana, with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; lines 2674-2684 discuss non-singular roots and state ngali is dual exclusive, ngaliny dual inclusive, and ngana plural inclusive; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'; verb lines 3043-3051 source nyaji-l and surface nyajil as nonpast perception. Rule 305 uses only bare support forms.


english: We two, not you, see the jungka wild cherry tree here.
kuku: Ngali jungka yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngali jungka yaluy nyajil | 1du.EXCL.NOM jungka.wild.cherry.tree here see.NPST
frame: r305_1du_excl_here_flora_see_jungka
words_used: ["ngali", "jungka", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-09T23:57:57Z
updated_at: 2026-07-09T23:59:07Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 10893-10906 give jungka as noun 'tree', wild cherry tree and fruit. Rule 305 selects visible jungka/wild-cherry-tree reference only and leaves fruit, food, gathering, and ecology rows closed. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominative ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana, with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; lines 2674-2684 discuss non-singular roots and state ngali is dual exclusive, ngaliny dual inclusive, and ngana plural inclusive; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'; verb lines 3043-3051 source nyaji-l and surface nyajil as nonpast perception. Rule 305 uses only bare support forms.


english: We two, not you, see the karranda tree here.
kuku: Ngali karranda yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngali karranda yaluy nyajil | 1du.EXCL.NOM karranda.tree here see.NPST
frame: r305_1du_excl_here_flora_see_karranda
words_used: ["ngali", "karranda", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-09T23:57:57Z
updated_at: 2026-07-09T23:59:07Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 13556-13567 give karranda as noun 'tree', species of tree with English name unknown. Rule 305 selects visible karranda-tree reference only. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominative ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana, with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; lines 2674-2684 discuss non-singular roots and state ngali is dual exclusive, ngaliny dual inclusive, and ngana plural inclusive; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'; verb lines 3043-3051 source nyaji-l and surface nyajil as nonpast perception. Rule 305 uses only bare support forms.


english: We two, not you, see the karrandal tree here.
kuku: Ngali karrandal yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngali karrandal yaluy nyajil | 1du.EXCL.NOM karrandal.tree here see.NPST
frame: r305_1du_excl_here_flora_see_karrandal
words_used: ["ngali", "karrandal", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-09T23:57:57Z
updated_at: 2026-07-09T23:59:07Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 13568-13579 give karrandal as noun 'tree' with source prose about white-under leaves and crushed leaves good for boils. Rule 305 selects visible karrandal-tree reference only and leaves leaves, colour, crushing, boil, remedy, medicine, and cooking-leaf translation drift closed. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominative ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana, with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; lines 2674-2684 discuss non-singular roots and state ngali is dual exclusive, ngaliny dual inclusive, and ngana plural inclusive; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'; verb lines 3043-3051 source nyaji-l and surface nyajil as nonpast perception. Rule 305 uses only bare support forms.


english: We two, not you, see the kawarr bloodwood tree here.
kuku: Ngali kawarr yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngali kawarr yaluy nyajil | 1du.EXCL.NOM kawarr.bloodwood.tree here see.NPST
frame: r305_1du_excl_here_flora_see_kawarr
words_used: ["ngali", "kawarr", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-09T23:57:57Z
updated_at: 2026-07-09T23:59:07Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 13872-13894 give kawarr as noun 'tree' / 'bloodwood tree'. Rule 305 selects visible kawarr/bloodwood-tree reference only and leaves timber, wood, sap, firewood, and source-use rows closed. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominative ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana, with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; lines 2674-2684 discuss non-singular roots and state ngali is dual exclusive, ngaliny dual inclusive, and ngana plural inclusive; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'; verb lines 3043-3051 source nyaji-l and surface nyajil as nonpast perception. Rule 305 uses only bare support forms.


english: We two, not you, see the marril ti tree here.
kuku: Ngali marril yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngali marril yaluy nyajil | 1du.EXCL.NOM marril.ti.tree here see.NPST
frame: r305_1du_excl_here_flora_see_marril
words_used: ["ngali", "marril", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-09T23:57:57Z
updated_at: 2026-07-09T23:59:07Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 18574-18597 give marril as noun 'tree' / 'mangrove', including ti tree and mangrove source prose with hard wood used for oars. Rule 305 selects visible marril/ti-tree reference only and leaves mangrove expansion, seed, hardwood, oar, wood, water, and use rows closed. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominative ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana, with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; lines 2674-2684 discuss non-singular roots and state ngali is dual exclusive, ngaliny dual inclusive, and ngana plural inclusive; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'; verb lines 3043-3051 source nyaji-l and surface nyajil as nonpast perception. Rule 305 uses only bare support forms.


english: We two, not you, see the ngurrkul fig tree here.
kuku: Ngali ngurrkul yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngali ngurrkul yaluy nyajil | 1du.EXCL.NOM ngurrkul.fig.tree here see.NPST
frame: r305_1du_excl_here_flora_see_ngurrkul
words_used: ["ngali", "ngurrkul", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-09T23:57:57Z
updated_at: 2026-07-09T23:59:07Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 23921-23942 give ngurrkul as noun 'tree', species with edible fig / edible fruit in deep scrub. Rule 305 selects visible ngurrkul/fig-tree reference only and leaves fruit, edible, deep-scrub, food, and ecology rows closed. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominative ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana, with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; lines 2674-2684 discuss non-singular roots and state ngali is dual exclusive, ngaliny dual inclusive, and ngana plural inclusive; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'; verb lines 3043-3051 source nyaji-l and surface nyajil as nonpast perception. Rule 305 uses only bare support forms.


english: I saw the bujabay tree here.
kuku: Ngayu bujabay yaluy nyajin.
analysis: ngayu bujabay yaluy nyajin | 1sg.NOM bujabay.tree here see.PAST
frame: r306_1sg_here_flora_saw_bujabay
words_used: ["ngayu", "bujabay", "yaluy", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-10T00:16:43Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T00:17:21Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 3572-3577 give bujabay as noun 'tree', a species with edible fruit needing leaching in water. Rule 306 selects visible bujabay-tree reference only and leaves fruit, edibility, leaching, water, and preparation rows closed. Living grammar line 2568 gives Ngayu ... nyaji-ny with gloss see-PAST; pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominative ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; lines 2684-2686 discuss second/third person non-singular history and jana; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Rule 306 uses only bare support forms and corpus-conventional nyajin as the surface of nyaji-ny.


english: I saw the jingajalka tree here.
kuku: Ngayu jingajalka yaluy nyajin.
analysis: ngayu jingajalka yaluy nyajin | 1sg.NOM jingajalka.tree here see.PAST
frame: r306_1sg_here_flora_saw_jingajalka
words_used: ["ngayu", "jingajalka", "yaluy", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-10T00:16:43Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T00:17:21Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 9465-9470 give jingajalka as noun 'tree' with source prose about fruit, bark baskets, cooking, hot stones, and bones. Rule 306 selects visible jingajalka-tree reference only and leaves all use, food, bark, fire, cooking, and death/bone source prose closed. Living grammar line 2568 gives Ngayu ... nyaji-ny with gloss see-PAST; pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominative ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; lines 2684-2686 discuss second/third person non-singular history and jana; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Rule 306 uses only bare support forms and corpus-conventional nyajin as the surface of nyaji-ny.


english: I saw the jirimandi coconut tree here.
kuku: Ngayu jirimandi yaluy nyajin.
analysis: ngayu jirimandi yaluy nyajin | 1sg.NOM jirimandi.coconut.tree here see.PAST
frame: r306_1sg_here_flora_saw_jirimandi
words_used: ["ngayu", "jirimandi", "yaluy", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-10T00:16:43Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T00:17:21Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 9765-9770 give jirimandi as noun 'tree' with definition 'coconut'. Rule 306 selects visible jirimandi/coconut-tree reference only and leaves coconut food, introduced plant history, and use rows closed. Living grammar line 2568 gives Ngayu ... nyaji-ny with gloss see-PAST; pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominative ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; lines 2684-2686 discuss second/third person non-singular history and jana; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Rule 306 uses only bare support forms and corpus-conventional nyajin as the surface of nyaji-ny.


english: I saw the julbal tree here.
kuku: Ngayu julbal yaluy nyajin.
analysis: ngayu julbal yaluy nyajin | 1sg.NOM julbal.tree here see.PAST
frame: r306_1sg_here_flora_saw_julbal
words_used: ["ngayu", "julbal", "yaluy", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-10T00:16:43Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T00:17:21Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 10479-10498 give julbal as noun 'tree', with small edible green apple fruit and wet-season ripening source prose. Rule 306 selects visible julbal-tree reference only and leaves fruit, food, season, and ripening rows closed. Living grammar line 2568 gives Ngayu ... nyaji-ny with gloss see-PAST; pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominative ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; lines 2684-2686 discuss second/third person non-singular history and jana; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Rule 306 uses only bare support forms and corpus-conventional nyajin as the surface of nyaji-ny.


english: I saw the jungka wild cherry tree here.
kuku: Ngayu jungka yaluy nyajin.
analysis: ngayu jungka yaluy nyajin | 1sg.NOM jungka.wild.cherry.tree here see.PAST
frame: r306_1sg_here_flora_saw_jungka
words_used: ["ngayu", "jungka", "yaluy", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-10T00:16:43Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T00:17:21Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 10893-10910 give jungka as noun 'tree', wild cherry tree and fruit. Rule 306 selects visible jungka/wild-cherry-tree reference only and leaves fruit, food, gathering, and ecology rows closed. Living grammar line 2568 gives Ngayu ... nyaji-ny with gloss see-PAST; pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominative ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; lines 2684-2686 discuss second/third person non-singular history and jana; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Rule 306 uses only bare support forms and corpus-conventional nyajin as the surface of nyaji-ny.


english: I saw the karranda tree here.
kuku: Ngayu karranda yaluy nyajin.
analysis: ngayu karranda yaluy nyajin | 1sg.NOM karranda.tree here see.PAST
frame: r306_1sg_here_flora_saw_karranda
words_used: ["ngayu", "karranda", "yaluy", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-10T00:16:43Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T00:17:21Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 13556-13567 give karranda as noun 'tree', species of tree with English name unknown. Rule 306 selects visible karranda-tree reference only. Living grammar line 2568 gives Ngayu ... nyaji-ny with gloss see-PAST; pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominative ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; lines 2684-2686 discuss second/third person non-singular history and jana; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Rule 306 uses only bare support forms and corpus-conventional nyajin as the surface of nyaji-ny.


english: I saw the karrandal tree here.
kuku: Ngayu karrandal yaluy nyajin.
analysis: ngayu karrandal yaluy nyajin | 1sg.NOM karrandal.tree here see.PAST
frame: r306_1sg_here_flora_saw_karrandal
words_used: ["ngayu", "karrandal", "yaluy", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-10T00:16:43Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T00:17:21Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 13568-13579 give karrandal as noun 'tree' with source prose about white-under leaves and crushed leaves good for boils. Rule 306 selects visible karrandal-tree reference only and leaves leaves, colour, crushing, boil, remedy, medicine, and cooking-leaf translation drift closed. Living grammar line 2568 gives Ngayu ... nyaji-ny with gloss see-PAST; pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominative ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; lines 2684-2686 discuss second/third person non-singular history and jana; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Rule 306 uses only bare support forms and corpus-conventional nyajin as the surface of nyaji-ny.


english: I saw the kawarr bloodwood tree here.
kuku: Ngayu kawarr yaluy nyajin.
analysis: ngayu kawarr yaluy nyajin | 1sg.NOM kawarr.bloodwood.tree here see.PAST
frame: r306_1sg_here_flora_saw_kawarr
words_used: ["ngayu", "kawarr", "yaluy", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-10T00:16:43Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T00:17:21Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 13872-13894 give kawarr as noun 'tree' / 'bloodwood tree'. Rule 306 selects visible kawarr/bloodwood-tree reference only and leaves timber, wood, sap, firewood, and source-use rows closed. Living grammar line 2568 gives Ngayu ... nyaji-ny with gloss see-PAST; pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominative ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; lines 2684-2686 discuss second/third person non-singular history and jana; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Rule 306 uses only bare support forms and corpus-conventional nyajin as the surface of nyaji-ny.


english: I saw the marril ti tree here.
kuku: Ngayu marril yaluy nyajin.
analysis: ngayu marril yaluy nyajin | 1sg.NOM marril.ti.tree here see.PAST
frame: r306_1sg_here_flora_saw_marril
words_used: ["ngayu", "marril", "yaluy", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-10T00:16:43Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T00:17:21Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 18574-18597 give marril as noun 'tree' / 'mangrove', including ti tree and mangrove source prose with hard wood used for oars. Rule 306 selects visible marril/ti-tree reference only and leaves mangrove expansion, seed, hardwood, oar, wood, water, and use rows closed. Living grammar line 2568 gives Ngayu ... nyaji-ny with gloss see-PAST; pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominative ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; lines 2684-2686 discuss second/third person non-singular history and jana; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Rule 306 uses only bare support forms and corpus-conventional nyajin as the surface of nyaji-ny.


english: I saw the ngurrkul fig tree here.
kuku: Ngayu ngurrkul yaluy nyajin.
analysis: ngayu ngurrkul yaluy nyajin | 1sg.NOM ngurrkul.fig.tree here see.PAST
frame: r306_1sg_here_flora_saw_ngurrkul
words_used: ["ngayu", "ngurrkul", "yaluy", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-10T00:16:43Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T00:17:21Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 23921-23942 give ngurrkul as noun 'tree', species with edible fig / edible fruit in deep scrub. Rule 306 selects visible ngurrkul/fig-tree reference only and leaves fruit, edible, deep-scrub, food, and ecology rows closed. Living grammar line 2568 gives Ngayu ... nyaji-ny with gloss see-PAST; pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominative ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; lines 2684-2686 discuss second/third person non-singular history and jana; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Rule 306 uses only bare support forms and corpus-conventional nyajin as the surface of nyaji-ny.


english: I saw the bujabay tree there.
kuku: Ngayu bujabay yinyay nyajin.
analysis: ngayu bujabay yinyay nyajin | 1sg.NOM bujabay.tree there see.PAST
frame: r307_1sg_there_flora_saw_bujabay
words_used: ["ngayu", "bujabay", "yinyay", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-10T00:31:57Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T00:32:41Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 3572-3577 give bujabay as noun 'tree', a species with edible fruit needing leaching in water. Rule 307 selects visible bujabay-tree reference only and leaves fruit, edibility, leaching, water, and preparation rows closed. Living grammar line 2568 gives Ngayu ... nyaji-ny with gloss see-PAST; pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominative ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; lines 2684-2686 discuss second/third person non-singular history and jana; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Rule 307 uses only bare support forms and corpus-conventional nyajin as the surface of nyaji-ny.


english: I saw the jingajalka tree there.
kuku: Ngayu jingajalka yinyay nyajin.
analysis: ngayu jingajalka yinyay nyajin | 1sg.NOM jingajalka.tree there see.PAST
frame: r307_1sg_there_flora_saw_jingajalka
words_used: ["ngayu", "jingajalka", "yinyay", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-10T00:31:57Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T00:32:41Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 9465-9470 give jingajalka as noun 'tree' with source prose about fruit, bark baskets, cooking, hot stones, and bones. Rule 307 selects visible jingajalka-tree reference only and leaves all use, food, bark, fire, cooking, and death/bone source prose closed. Living grammar line 2568 gives Ngayu ... nyaji-ny with gloss see-PAST; pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominative ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; lines 2684-2686 discuss second/third person non-singular history and jana; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Rule 307 uses only bare support forms and corpus-conventional nyajin as the surface of nyaji-ny.


english: I saw the jirimandi coconut tree there.
kuku: Ngayu jirimandi yinyay nyajin.
analysis: ngayu jirimandi yinyay nyajin | 1sg.NOM jirimandi.coconut.tree there see.PAST
frame: r307_1sg_there_flora_saw_jirimandi
words_used: ["ngayu", "jirimandi", "yinyay", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-10T00:31:57Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T00:32:41Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 9765-9770 give jirimandi as noun 'tree' with definition 'coconut'. Rule 307 selects visible jirimandi/coconut-tree reference only and leaves coconut food, introduced plant history, and use rows closed. Living grammar line 2568 gives Ngayu ... nyaji-ny with gloss see-PAST; pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominative ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; lines 2684-2686 discuss second/third person non-singular history and jana; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Rule 307 uses only bare support forms and corpus-conventional nyajin as the surface of nyaji-ny.


english: I saw the julbal tree there.
kuku: Ngayu julbal yinyay nyajin.
analysis: ngayu julbal yinyay nyajin | 1sg.NOM julbal.tree there see.PAST
frame: r307_1sg_there_flora_saw_julbal
words_used: ["ngayu", "julbal", "yinyay", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-10T00:31:57Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T00:32:41Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 10479-10498 give julbal as noun 'tree', with small edible green apple fruit and wet-season ripening source prose. Rule 307 selects visible julbal-tree reference only and leaves fruit, food, season, and ripening rows closed. Living grammar line 2568 gives Ngayu ... nyaji-ny with gloss see-PAST; pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominative ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; lines 2684-2686 discuss second/third person non-singular history and jana; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Rule 307 uses only bare support forms and corpus-conventional nyajin as the surface of nyaji-ny.


english: I saw the jungka wild cherry tree there.
kuku: Ngayu jungka yinyay nyajin.
analysis: ngayu jungka yinyay nyajin | 1sg.NOM jungka.wild.cherry.tree there see.PAST
frame: r307_1sg_there_flora_saw_jungka
words_used: ["ngayu", "jungka", "yinyay", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-10T00:31:57Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T00:32:41Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 10893-10910 give jungka as noun 'tree', wild cherry tree and fruit. Rule 307 selects visible jungka/wild-cherry-tree reference only and leaves fruit, food, gathering, and ecology rows closed. Living grammar line 2568 gives Ngayu ... nyaji-ny with gloss see-PAST; pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominative ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; lines 2684-2686 discuss second/third person non-singular history and jana; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Rule 307 uses only bare support forms and corpus-conventional nyajin as the surface of nyaji-ny.


english: I saw the karranda tree there.
kuku: Ngayu karranda yinyay nyajin.
analysis: ngayu karranda yinyay nyajin | 1sg.NOM karranda.tree there see.PAST
frame: r307_1sg_there_flora_saw_karranda
words_used: ["ngayu", "karranda", "yinyay", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-10T00:31:57Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T00:32:41Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 13556-13567 give karranda as noun 'tree', species of tree with English name unknown. Rule 307 selects visible karranda-tree reference only. Living grammar line 2568 gives Ngayu ... nyaji-ny with gloss see-PAST; pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominative ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; lines 2684-2686 discuss second/third person non-singular history and jana; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Rule 307 uses only bare support forms and corpus-conventional nyajin as the surface of nyaji-ny.


english: I saw the karrandal tree there.
kuku: Ngayu karrandal yinyay nyajin.
analysis: ngayu karrandal yinyay nyajin | 1sg.NOM karrandal.tree there see.PAST
frame: r307_1sg_there_flora_saw_karrandal
words_used: ["ngayu", "karrandal", "yinyay", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-10T00:31:57Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T00:32:41Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 13568-13579 give karrandal as noun 'tree' with source prose about white-under leaves and crushed leaves good for boils. Rule 307 selects visible karrandal-tree reference only and leaves leaves, colour, crushing, boil, remedy, medicine, and cooking-leaf translation drift closed. Living grammar line 2568 gives Ngayu ... nyaji-ny with gloss see-PAST; pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominative ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; lines 2684-2686 discuss second/third person non-singular history and jana; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Rule 307 uses only bare support forms and corpus-conventional nyajin as the surface of nyaji-ny.


english: I saw the kawarr bloodwood tree there.
kuku: Ngayu kawarr yinyay nyajin.
analysis: ngayu kawarr yinyay nyajin | 1sg.NOM kawarr.bloodwood.tree there see.PAST
frame: r307_1sg_there_flora_saw_kawarr
words_used: ["ngayu", "kawarr", "yinyay", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-10T00:31:57Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T00:32:41Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 13872-13894 give kawarr as noun 'tree' / 'bloodwood tree'. Rule 307 selects visible kawarr/bloodwood-tree reference only and leaves timber, wood, sap, firewood, and source-use rows closed. Living grammar line 2568 gives Ngayu ... nyaji-ny with gloss see-PAST; pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominative ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; lines 2684-2686 discuss second/third person non-singular history and jana; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Rule 307 uses only bare support forms and corpus-conventional nyajin as the surface of nyaji-ny.


english: I saw the marril ti tree there.
kuku: Ngayu marril yinyay nyajin.
analysis: ngayu marril yinyay nyajin | 1sg.NOM marril.ti.tree there see.PAST
frame: r307_1sg_there_flora_saw_marril
words_used: ["ngayu", "marril", "yinyay", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-10T00:31:57Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T00:32:41Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 18574-18597 give marril as noun 'tree' / 'mangrove', including ti tree and mangrove source prose with hard wood used for oars. Rule 307 selects visible marril/ti-tree reference only and leaves mangrove expansion, seed, hardwood, oar, wood, water, and use rows closed. Living grammar line 2568 gives Ngayu ... nyaji-ny with gloss see-PAST; pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominative ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; lines 2684-2686 discuss second/third person non-singular history and jana; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Rule 307 uses only bare support forms and corpus-conventional nyajin as the surface of nyaji-ny.


english: I saw the ngurrkul fig tree there.
kuku: Ngayu ngurrkul yinyay nyajin.
analysis: ngayu ngurrkul yinyay nyajin | 1sg.NOM ngurrkul.fig.tree there see.PAST
frame: r307_1sg_there_flora_saw_ngurrkul
words_used: ["ngayu", "ngurrkul", "yinyay", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-10T00:31:57Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T00:32:41Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 23921-23942 give ngurrkul as noun 'tree', species with edible fig / edible fruit in deep scrub. Rule 307 selects visible ngurrkul/fig-tree reference only and leaves fruit, edible, deep-scrub, food, and ecology rows closed. Living grammar line 2568 gives Ngayu ... nyaji-ny with gloss see-PAST; pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominative ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; lines 2684-2686 discuss second/third person non-singular history and jana; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Rule 307 uses only bare support forms and corpus-conventional nyajin as the surface of nyaji-ny.


english: We two, not you, saw the bujabay tree there.
kuku: Ngali bujabay yinyay nyajin.
analysis: ngali bujabay yinyay nyajin | 1du.EXCL.NOM bujabay.tree there see.PAST
frame: r308_1du_excl_there_flora_saw_bujabay
words_used: ["ngali", "bujabay", "yinyay", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-10T00:49:29Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T00:50:11Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 3572-3577 give bujabay as noun 'tree', a species with edible fruit needing leaching in water. Rule 308 selects visible bujabay-tree reference only and leaves fruit, edibility, leaching, water, and preparation rows closed. Living grammar line 2568 gives Ngayu ... nyaji-ny with gloss see-PAST; pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominative ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; lines 2674-2684 discuss ngali dual exclusive, ngaliny dual inclusive by increment, ngana plural inclusive, and yubal/yurra second-person non-singular forms; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Rule 308 uses only bare support forms and corpus-conventional nyajin as the surface of nyaji-ny.


english: We two, not you, saw the jingajalka tree there.
kuku: Ngali jingajalka yinyay nyajin.
analysis: ngali jingajalka yinyay nyajin | 1du.EXCL.NOM jingajalka.tree there see.PAST
frame: r308_1du_excl_there_flora_saw_jingajalka
words_used: ["ngali", "jingajalka", "yinyay", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-10T00:49:29Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T00:50:11Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 9465-9470 give jingajalka as noun 'tree' with source prose about fruit, bark baskets, cooking, hot stones, and bones. Rule 308 selects visible jingajalka-tree reference only and leaves all use, food, bark, fire, cooking, and death/bone source prose closed. Living grammar line 2568 gives Ngayu ... nyaji-ny with gloss see-PAST; pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominative ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; lines 2674-2684 discuss ngali dual exclusive, ngaliny dual inclusive by increment, ngana plural inclusive, and yubal/yurra second-person non-singular forms; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Rule 308 uses only bare support forms and corpus-conventional nyajin as the surface of nyaji-ny.


english: We two, not you, saw the jirimandi coconut tree there.
kuku: Ngali jirimandi yinyay nyajin.
analysis: ngali jirimandi yinyay nyajin | 1du.EXCL.NOM jirimandi.coconut.tree there see.PAST
frame: r308_1du_excl_there_flora_saw_jirimandi
words_used: ["ngali", "jirimandi", "yinyay", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-10T00:49:29Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T00:50:11Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 9765-9770 give jirimandi as noun 'tree' with definition 'coconut'. Rule 308 selects visible jirimandi/coconut-tree reference only and leaves coconut food, introduced plant history, and use rows closed. Living grammar line 2568 gives Ngayu ... nyaji-ny with gloss see-PAST; pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominative ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; lines 2674-2684 discuss ngali dual exclusive, ngaliny dual inclusive by increment, ngana plural inclusive, and yubal/yurra second-person non-singular forms; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Rule 308 uses only bare support forms and corpus-conventional nyajin as the surface of nyaji-ny.


english: We two, not you, saw the julbal tree there.
kuku: Ngali julbal yinyay nyajin.
analysis: ngali julbal yinyay nyajin | 1du.EXCL.NOM julbal.tree there see.PAST
frame: r308_1du_excl_there_flora_saw_julbal
words_used: ["ngali", "julbal", "yinyay", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-10T00:49:29Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T00:50:11Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 10479-10498 give julbal as noun 'tree', with small edible green apple fruit and wet-season ripening source prose. Rule 308 selects visible julbal-tree reference only and leaves fruit, food, season, and ripening rows closed. Living grammar line 2568 gives Ngayu ... nyaji-ny with gloss see-PAST; pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominative ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; lines 2674-2684 discuss ngali dual exclusive, ngaliny dual inclusive by increment, ngana plural inclusive, and yubal/yurra second-person non-singular forms; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Rule 308 uses only bare support forms and corpus-conventional nyajin as the surface of nyaji-ny.


english: We two, not you, saw the jungka wild cherry tree there.
kuku: Ngali jungka yinyay nyajin.
analysis: ngali jungka yinyay nyajin | 1du.EXCL.NOM jungka.wild.cherry.tree there see.PAST
frame: r308_1du_excl_there_flora_saw_jungka
words_used: ["ngali", "jungka", "yinyay", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-10T00:49:29Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T00:50:11Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 10893-10910 give jungka as noun 'tree', wild cherry tree and fruit. Rule 308 selects visible jungka/wild-cherry-tree reference only and leaves fruit, food, gathering, and ecology rows closed. Living grammar line 2568 gives Ngayu ... nyaji-ny with gloss see-PAST; pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominative ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; lines 2674-2684 discuss ngali dual exclusive, ngaliny dual inclusive by increment, ngana plural inclusive, and yubal/yurra second-person non-singular forms; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Rule 308 uses only bare support forms and corpus-conventional nyajin as the surface of nyaji-ny.


english: We two, not you, saw the karranda tree there.
kuku: Ngali karranda yinyay nyajin.
analysis: ngali karranda yinyay nyajin | 1du.EXCL.NOM karranda.tree there see.PAST
frame: r308_1du_excl_there_flora_saw_karranda
words_used: ["ngali", "karranda", "yinyay", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-10T00:49:29Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T00:50:11Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 13556-13567 give karranda as noun 'tree', species of tree with English name unknown. Rule 308 selects visible karranda-tree reference only. Living grammar line 2568 gives Ngayu ... nyaji-ny with gloss see-PAST; pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominative ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; lines 2674-2684 discuss ngali dual exclusive, ngaliny dual inclusive by increment, ngana plural inclusive, and yubal/yurra second-person non-singular forms; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Rule 308 uses only bare support forms and corpus-conventional nyajin as the surface of nyaji-ny.


english: We two, not you, saw the karrandal tree there.
kuku: Ngali karrandal yinyay nyajin.
analysis: ngali karrandal yinyay nyajin | 1du.EXCL.NOM karrandal.tree there see.PAST
frame: r308_1du_excl_there_flora_saw_karrandal
words_used: ["ngali", "karrandal", "yinyay", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-10T00:49:29Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T00:50:11Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 13568-13579 give karrandal as noun 'tree' with source prose about white-under leaves and crushed leaves good for boils. Rule 308 selects visible karrandal-tree reference only and leaves leaves, colour, crushing, boil, remedy, medicine, and cooking-leaf translation drift closed. Living grammar line 2568 gives Ngayu ... nyaji-ny with gloss see-PAST; pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominative ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; lines 2674-2684 discuss ngali dual exclusive, ngaliny dual inclusive by increment, ngana plural inclusive, and yubal/yurra second-person non-singular forms; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Rule 308 uses only bare support forms and corpus-conventional nyajin as the surface of nyaji-ny.


english: We two, not you, saw the kawarr bloodwood tree there.
kuku: Ngali kawarr yinyay nyajin.
analysis: ngali kawarr yinyay nyajin | 1du.EXCL.NOM kawarr.bloodwood.tree there see.PAST
frame: r308_1du_excl_there_flora_saw_kawarr
words_used: ["ngali", "kawarr", "yinyay", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-10T00:49:29Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T00:50:11Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 13872-13894 give kawarr as noun 'tree' / 'bloodwood tree'. Rule 308 selects visible kawarr/bloodwood-tree reference only and leaves timber, wood, sap, firewood, and source-use rows closed. Living grammar line 2568 gives Ngayu ... nyaji-ny with gloss see-PAST; pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominative ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; lines 2674-2684 discuss ngali dual exclusive, ngaliny dual inclusive by increment, ngana plural inclusive, and yubal/yurra second-person non-singular forms; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Rule 308 uses only bare support forms and corpus-conventional nyajin as the surface of nyaji-ny.


english: We two, not you, saw the marril ti tree there.
kuku: Ngali marril yinyay nyajin.
analysis: ngali marril yinyay nyajin | 1du.EXCL.NOM marril.ti.tree there see.PAST
frame: r308_1du_excl_there_flora_saw_marril
words_used: ["ngali", "marril", "yinyay", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-10T00:49:29Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T00:50:11Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 18574-18597 give marril as noun 'tree' / 'mangrove', including ti tree and mangrove source prose with hard wood used for oars. Rule 308 selects visible marril/ti-tree reference only and leaves mangrove expansion, seed, hardwood, oar, wood, water, and use rows closed. Living grammar line 2568 gives Ngayu ... nyaji-ny with gloss see-PAST; pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominative ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; lines 2674-2684 discuss ngali dual exclusive, ngaliny dual inclusive by increment, ngana plural inclusive, and yubal/yurra second-person non-singular forms; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Rule 308 uses only bare support forms and corpus-conventional nyajin as the surface of nyaji-ny.


english: We two, not you, saw the ngurrkul fig tree there.
kuku: Ngali ngurrkul yinyay nyajin.
analysis: ngali ngurrkul yinyay nyajin | 1du.EXCL.NOM ngurrkul.fig.tree there see.PAST
frame: r308_1du_excl_there_flora_saw_ngurrkul
words_used: ["ngali", "ngurrkul", "yinyay", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-10T00:49:29Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T00:50:11Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 23921-23942 give ngurrkul as noun 'tree', species with edible fig / edible fruit in deep scrub. Rule 308 selects visible ngurrkul/fig-tree reference only and leaves fruit, edible, deep-scrub, food, and ecology rows closed. Living grammar line 2568 gives Ngayu ... nyaji-ny with gloss see-PAST; pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominative ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; lines 2674-2684 discuss ngali dual exclusive, ngaliny dual inclusive by increment, ngana plural inclusive, and yubal/yurra second-person non-singular forms; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Rule 308 uses only bare support forms and corpus-conventional nyajin as the surface of nyaji-ny.


english: We two, not you, saw the bujabay tree here.
kuku: Ngali bujabay yaluy nyajin.
analysis: ngali bujabay yaluy nyajin | 1du.EXCL.NOM bujabay.tree here see.PAST
frame: r309_1du_excl_here_flora_saw_bujabay
words_used: ["ngali", "bujabay", "yaluy", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-10T01:05:18Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T01:06:03Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 3572-3577 give bujabay as noun 'tree', a species with edible fruit needing leaching in water. Rule 309 selects visible bujabay-tree reference only and leaves fruit, edibility, leaching, water, and preparation rows closed. Living grammar line 2568 gives Ngayu ... nyaji-ny with gloss see-PAST; pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominative ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; lines 2674-2684 discuss ngali dual exclusive, ngaliny dual inclusive by increment, ngana plural inclusive, and yubal/yurra second-person non-singular forms; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Rule 309 uses only bare support forms and corpus-conventional nyajin as the surface of nyaji-ny.


english: We two, not you, saw the jingajalka tree here.
kuku: Ngali jingajalka yaluy nyajin.
analysis: ngali jingajalka yaluy nyajin | 1du.EXCL.NOM jingajalka.tree here see.PAST
frame: r309_1du_excl_here_flora_saw_jingajalka
words_used: ["ngali", "jingajalka", "yaluy", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-10T01:05:18Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T01:06:03Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 9465-9470 give jingajalka as noun 'tree' with source prose about fruit, bark baskets, cooking, hot stones, and bones. Rule 309 selects visible jingajalka-tree reference only and leaves all use, food, bark, fire, cooking, and death/bone source prose closed. Living grammar line 2568 gives Ngayu ... nyaji-ny with gloss see-PAST; pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominative ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; lines 2674-2684 discuss ngali dual exclusive, ngaliny dual inclusive by increment, ngana plural inclusive, and yubal/yurra second-person non-singular forms; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Rule 309 uses only bare support forms and corpus-conventional nyajin as the surface of nyaji-ny.


english: We two, not you, saw the jirimandi coconut tree here.
kuku: Ngali jirimandi yaluy nyajin.
analysis: ngali jirimandi yaluy nyajin | 1du.EXCL.NOM jirimandi.coconut.tree here see.PAST
frame: r309_1du_excl_here_flora_saw_jirimandi
words_used: ["ngali", "jirimandi", "yaluy", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-10T01:05:18Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T01:06:03Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 9765-9770 give jirimandi as noun 'tree' with definition 'coconut'. Rule 309 selects visible jirimandi/coconut-tree reference only and leaves coconut food, introduced plant history, and use rows closed. Living grammar line 2568 gives Ngayu ... nyaji-ny with gloss see-PAST; pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominative ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; lines 2674-2684 discuss ngali dual exclusive, ngaliny dual inclusive by increment, ngana plural inclusive, and yubal/yurra second-person non-singular forms; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Rule 309 uses only bare support forms and corpus-conventional nyajin as the surface of nyaji-ny.


english: We two, not you, saw the julbal tree here.
kuku: Ngali julbal yaluy nyajin.
analysis: ngali julbal yaluy nyajin | 1du.EXCL.NOM julbal.tree here see.PAST
frame: r309_1du_excl_here_flora_saw_julbal
words_used: ["ngali", "julbal", "yaluy", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-10T01:05:18Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T01:06:03Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 10479-10498 give julbal as noun 'tree', with small edible green apple fruit and wet-season ripening source prose. Rule 309 selects visible julbal-tree reference only and leaves fruit, food, season, and ripening rows closed. Living grammar line 2568 gives Ngayu ... nyaji-ny with gloss see-PAST; pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominative ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; lines 2674-2684 discuss ngali dual exclusive, ngaliny dual inclusive by increment, ngana plural inclusive, and yubal/yurra second-person non-singular forms; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Rule 309 uses only bare support forms and corpus-conventional nyajin as the surface of nyaji-ny.


english: We two, not you, saw the jungka wild cherry tree here.
kuku: Ngali jungka yaluy nyajin.
analysis: ngali jungka yaluy nyajin | 1du.EXCL.NOM jungka.wild.cherry.tree here see.PAST
frame: r309_1du_excl_here_flora_saw_jungka
words_used: ["ngali", "jungka", "yaluy", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-10T01:05:18Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T01:06:03Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 10893-10910 give jungka as noun 'tree', wild cherry tree and fruit. Rule 309 selects visible jungka/wild-cherry-tree reference only and leaves fruit, food, gathering, and ecology rows closed. Living grammar line 2568 gives Ngayu ... nyaji-ny with gloss see-PAST; pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominative ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; lines 2674-2684 discuss ngali dual exclusive, ngaliny dual inclusive by increment, ngana plural inclusive, and yubal/yurra second-person non-singular forms; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Rule 309 uses only bare support forms and corpus-conventional nyajin as the surface of nyaji-ny.


english: We two, not you, saw the karranda tree here.
kuku: Ngali karranda yaluy nyajin.
analysis: ngali karranda yaluy nyajin | 1du.EXCL.NOM karranda.tree here see.PAST
frame: r309_1du_excl_here_flora_saw_karranda
words_used: ["ngali", "karranda", "yaluy", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-10T01:05:18Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T01:06:03Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 13556-13567 give karranda as noun 'tree', species of tree with English name unknown. Rule 309 selects visible karranda-tree reference only. Living grammar line 2568 gives Ngayu ... nyaji-ny with gloss see-PAST; pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominative ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; lines 2674-2684 discuss ngali dual exclusive, ngaliny dual inclusive by increment, ngana plural inclusive, and yubal/yurra second-person non-singular forms; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Rule 309 uses only bare support forms and corpus-conventional nyajin as the surface of nyaji-ny.


english: We two, not you, saw the karrandal tree here.
kuku: Ngali karrandal yaluy nyajin.
analysis: ngali karrandal yaluy nyajin | 1du.EXCL.NOM karrandal.tree here see.PAST
frame: r309_1du_excl_here_flora_saw_karrandal
words_used: ["ngali", "karrandal", "yaluy", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-10T01:05:18Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T01:06:03Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 13568-13579 give karrandal as noun 'tree' with source prose about white-under leaves and crushed leaves good for boils. Rule 309 selects visible karrandal-tree reference only and leaves leaves, colour, crushing, boil, remedy, medicine, and cooking-leaf translation drift closed. Living grammar line 2568 gives Ngayu ... nyaji-ny with gloss see-PAST; pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominative ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; lines 2674-2684 discuss ngali dual exclusive, ngaliny dual inclusive by increment, ngana plural inclusive, and yubal/yurra second-person non-singular forms; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Rule 309 uses only bare support forms and corpus-conventional nyajin as the surface of nyaji-ny.


english: We two, not you, saw the kawarr bloodwood tree here.
kuku: Ngali kawarr yaluy nyajin.
analysis: ngali kawarr yaluy nyajin | 1du.EXCL.NOM kawarr.bloodwood.tree here see.PAST
frame: r309_1du_excl_here_flora_saw_kawarr
words_used: ["ngali", "kawarr", "yaluy", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-10T01:05:18Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T01:06:03Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 13872-13894 give kawarr as noun 'tree' / 'bloodwood tree'. Rule 309 selects visible kawarr/bloodwood-tree reference only and leaves timber, wood, sap, firewood, and source-use rows closed. Living grammar line 2568 gives Ngayu ... nyaji-ny with gloss see-PAST; pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominative ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; lines 2674-2684 discuss ngali dual exclusive, ngaliny dual inclusive by increment, ngana plural inclusive, and yubal/yurra second-person non-singular forms; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Rule 309 uses only bare support forms and corpus-conventional nyajin as the surface of nyaji-ny.


english: We two, not you, saw the marril ti tree here.
kuku: Ngali marril yaluy nyajin.
analysis: ngali marril yaluy nyajin | 1du.EXCL.NOM marril.ti.tree here see.PAST
frame: r309_1du_excl_here_flora_saw_marril
words_used: ["ngali", "marril", "yaluy", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-10T01:05:18Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T01:06:03Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 18574-18597 give marril as noun 'tree' / 'mangrove', including ti tree and mangrove source prose with hard wood used for oars. Rule 309 selects visible marril/ti-tree reference only and leaves mangrove expansion, seed, hardwood, oar, wood, water, and use rows closed. Living grammar line 2568 gives Ngayu ... nyaji-ny with gloss see-PAST; pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominative ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; lines 2674-2684 discuss ngali dual exclusive, ngaliny dual inclusive by increment, ngana plural inclusive, and yubal/yurra second-person non-singular forms; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Rule 309 uses only bare support forms and corpus-conventional nyajin as the surface of nyaji-ny.


english: We two, not you, saw the ngurrkul fig tree here.
kuku: Ngali ngurrkul yaluy nyajin.
analysis: ngali ngurrkul yaluy nyajin | 1du.EXCL.NOM ngurrkul.fig.tree here see.PAST
frame: r309_1du_excl_here_flora_saw_ngurrkul
words_used: ["ngali", "ngurrkul", "yaluy", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-10T01:05:18Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T01:06:03Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 23921-23942 give ngurrkul as noun 'tree', species with edible fig / edible fruit in deep scrub. Rule 309 selects visible ngurrkul/fig-tree reference only and leaves fruit, edible, deep-scrub, food, and ecology rows closed. Living grammar line 2568 gives Ngayu ... nyaji-ny with gloss see-PAST; pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominative ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; lines 2674-2684 discuss ngali dual exclusive, ngaliny dual inclusive by increment, ngana plural inclusive, and yubal/yurra second-person non-singular forms; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Rule 309 uses only bare support forms and corpus-conventional nyajin as the surface of nyaji-ny.


english: I see the dulmbi umbrella palm here.
kuku: Ngayu dulmbi yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngayu dulmbi yaluy nyajil | 1sg.NOM dulmbi.umbrella.palm here see.NPST
frame: r310_1sg_here_zero_tree_see_dulmbi
words_used: ["ngayu", "dulmbi", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-10T01:22:23Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T01:33:15Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 6478-6490 give dulmbi as noun 'umbrella palm' and also a place name at Stucky's Gap. Rule 310 selects visible umbrella-palm reference only and leaves place-name use closed. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominatives ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; lines 2684-2686 discuss second/third-person historical forms and third-person jana/bula; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'; grammar lines 3043-3049 give nyaji-l as the non-past form of 'see'. Rule 310 uses only bare support forms and corpus-conventional nyajil as the surface of nyaji-l.


english: I see the kakaji mangrove tree here.
kuku: Ngayu kakaji yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngayu kakaji yaluy nyajil | 1sg.NOM kakaji.mangrove.tree here see.NPST
frame: r310_1sg_here_zero_tree_see_kakaji
words_used: ["ngayu", "kakaji", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-10T01:22:23Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T01:33:15Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 12087-12098 give kakaji as noun 'mangrove tree'. Rule 310 selects visible kakaji mangrove-tree reference only and leaves shore, tide, sea-nursery, fruit, use, and ecology rows closed. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominatives ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; lines 2684-2686 discuss second/third-person historical forms and third-person jana/bula; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'; grammar lines 3043-3049 give nyaji-l as the non-past form of 'see'. Rule 310 uses only bare support forms and corpus-conventional nyajil as the surface of nyaji-l.


english: I see the mukukanka tree here.
kuku: Ngayu mukukanka yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngayu mukukanka yaluy nyajil | 1sg.NOM mukukanka.tree here see.NPST
frame: r310_1sg_here_zero_tree_see_mukukanka
words_used: ["ngayu", "mukukanka", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-10T01:22:23Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T01:33:15Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 20286-20300 give mukukanka as noun 'tree' with source prose about edible fruit. Rule 310 selects visible mukukanka-tree reference only and leaves fruit, edible, food, season, and use rows closed. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominatives ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; lines 2684-2686 discuss second/third-person historical forms and third-person jana/bula; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'; grammar lines 3043-3049 give nyaji-l as the non-past form of 'see'. Rule 310 uses only bare support forms and corpus-conventional nyajil as the surface of nyaji-l.


english: I see the murrkul tree here.
kuku: Ngayu murrkul yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngayu murrkul yaluy nyajil | 1sg.NOM murrkul.tree here see.NPST
frame: r310_1sg_here_zero_tree_see_murrkul
words_used: ["ngayu", "murrkul", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-10T01:22:23Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T01:33:15Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 21058-21070 give murrkul as noun 'tree' with source prose about edible fruit. Rule 310 selects visible murrkul-tree reference only and leaves fruit, edible, food, seed, season, and use rows closed. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominatives ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; lines 2684-2686 discuss second/third-person historical forms and third-person jana/bula; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'; grammar lines 3043-3049 give nyaji-l as the non-past form of 'see'. Rule 310 uses only bare support forms and corpus-conventional nyajil as the surface of nyaji-l.


english: I see the milbarkal tree here.
kuku: Ngayu milbarkal yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngayu milbarkal yaluy nyajil | 1sg.NOM milbarkal.tree here see.NPST
frame: r310_1sg_here_zero_tree_see_milbarkal
words_used: ["ngayu", "milbarkal", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-10T01:22:23Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T01:33:15Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 18981-18990 give milbarkal as noun 'tree', English name unknown. Rule 310 selects visible milbarkal-tree reference only. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominatives ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; lines 2684-2686 discuss second/third-person historical forms and third-person jana/bula; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'; grammar lines 3043-3049 give nyaji-l as the non-past form of 'see'. Rule 310 uses only bare support forms and corpus-conventional nyajil as the surface of nyaji-l.


english: I see the mirrbangku pencil cedar tree here.
kuku: Ngayu mirrbangku yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngayu mirrbangku yaluy nyajil | 1sg.NOM mirrbangku.pencil.cedar.tree here see.NPST
frame: r310_1sg_here_zero_tree_see_mirrbangku
words_used: ["ngayu", "mirrbangku", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-10T01:22:23Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T01:33:15Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 19739-19760 give mirrbangku as noun 'tree' / 'pencil cedar' with source prose about date-shaped sweet fruit. Rule 310 selects visible pencil-cedar-tree reference only and leaves fruit, date-shape, sweetness, and food rows closed. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominatives ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; lines 2684-2686 discuss second/third-person historical forms and third-person jana/bula; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'; grammar lines 3043-3049 give nyaji-l as the non-past form of 'see'. Rule 310 uses only bare support forms and corpus-conventional nyajil as the surface of nyaji-l.


english: I see the mura tree here.
kuku: Ngayu mura yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngayu mura yaluy nyajil | 1sg.NOM mura.tree here see.NPST
frame: r310_1sg_here_zero_tree_see_mura
words_used: ["ngayu", "mura", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-10T01:22:23Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T01:33:15Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 20890-20910 give mura as noun 'tree', including source prose that blooming marks the time for minya jalan. Rule 310 selects visible mura-tree reference only and leaves bloom, seasonal timing, minya jalan, and event rows closed. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominatives ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; lines 2684-2686 discuss second/third-person historical forms and third-person jana/bula; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'; grammar lines 3043-3049 give nyaji-l as the non-past form of 'see'. Rule 310 uses only bare support forms and corpus-conventional nyajil as the surface of nyaji-l.


english: I see the ngadil hickory tree here.
kuku: Ngayu ngadil yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngayu ngadil yaluy nyajil | 1sg.NOM ngadil.hickory.tree here see.NPST
frame: r310_1sg_here_zero_tree_see_ngadil
words_used: ["ngayu", "ngadil", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-10T01:22:23Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T01:33:15Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 21677-21697 give ngadil as noun 'tree' / 'hickory' with source prose about good timber for woomeras. Rule 310 selects visible hickory-tree reference only and leaves timber, woomera, and material-use rows closed. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominatives ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; lines 2684-2686 discuss second/third-person historical forms and third-person jana/bula; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'; grammar lines 3043-3049 give nyaji-l as the non-past form of 'see'. Rule 310 uses only bare support forms and corpus-conventional nyajil as the surface of nyaji-l.


english: I see the nyumbil coolibah tree here.
kuku: Ngayu nyumbil yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngayu nyumbil yaluy nyajil | 1sg.NOM nyumbil.coolibah.tree here see.NPST
frame: r310_1sg_here_zero_tree_see_nyumbil
words_used: ["ngayu", "nyumbil", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-10T01:22:23Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T01:33:15Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 24727-24748 give nyumbil as noun 'tree' / 'coolibah tree', with a separate homographic leech entry. Rule 310 selects visible coolibah-tree reference only and leaves leech/fauna homograph rows closed. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominatives ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; lines 2684-2686 discuss second/third-person historical forms and third-person jana/bula; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'; grammar lines 3043-3049 give nyaji-l as the non-past form of 'see'. Rule 310 uses only bare support forms and corpus-conventional nyajil as the surface of nyaji-l.


english: I see the wankar tree here.
kuku: Ngayu wankar yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngayu wankar yaluy nyajil | 1sg.NOM wankar.tree here see.NPST
frame: r310_1sg_here_zero_tree_see_wankar
words_used: ["ngayu", "wankar", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-10T01:22:23Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T01:33:15Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 26184-26206 give wankar as noun 'tree' with source prose about water-side growth, red flowers, and a necklace made from seeds. Rule 310 selects visible wankar-tree reference only and leaves water-side ecology, flowers, seed, necklace, and artefact rows closed. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominatives ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; lines 2684-2686 discuss second/third-person historical forms and third-person jana/bula; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'; grammar lines 3043-3049 give nyaji-l as the non-past form of 'see'. Rule 310 uses only bare support forms and corpus-conventional nyajil as the surface of nyaji-l.


english: I see the dulmbi umbrella palm there.
kuku: Ngayu dulmbi yinyay nyajil.
analysis: ngayu dulmbi yinyay nyajil | 1sg.NOM dulmbi.umbrella.palm there see.NPST
frame: r311_1sg_there_tree_see_dulmbi
words_used: ["ngayu", "dulmbi", "yinyay", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-10T01:49:08Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T01:52:04Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 6478-6490 give dulmbi as noun 'umbrella palm' and also a place name at Stucky's Gap. Rule 311 selects visible umbrella-palm reference only and leaves place-name use closed. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominatives ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; line 2686 discusses third-person jana/bula; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'; grammar lines 3043-3049 give nyaji-l as the non-past form of 'see'. Rule 311 uses only bare support forms and corpus-conventional nyajil as the surface of nyaji-l.


english: I see the kakaji mangrove tree there.
kuku: Ngayu kakaji yinyay nyajil.
analysis: ngayu kakaji yinyay nyajil | 1sg.NOM kakaji.mangrove.tree there see.NPST
frame: r311_1sg_there_tree_see_kakaji
words_used: ["ngayu", "kakaji", "yinyay", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-10T01:49:08Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T01:52:04Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 12087-12109 give kakaji as noun 'mangrove tree' / 'mangrove' with source prose about fruit made edible by leaching poison. Rule 311 selects visible kakaji mangrove-tree reference only and leaves fruit, leaching, poison, shore, tide, use, and ecology rows closed. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominatives ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; line 2686 discusses third-person jana/bula; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'; grammar lines 3043-3049 give nyaji-l as the non-past form of 'see'. Rule 311 uses only bare support forms and corpus-conventional nyajil as the surface of nyaji-l.


english: I see the mukukanka tree there.
kuku: Ngayu mukukanka yinyay nyajil.
analysis: ngayu mukukanka yinyay nyajil | 1sg.NOM mukukanka.tree there see.NPST
frame: r311_1sg_there_tree_see_mukukanka
words_used: ["ngayu", "mukukanka", "yinyay", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-10T01:49:08Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T01:52:04Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 20286-20300 give mukukanka as noun 'tree' with source prose about edible fruit ripening in August-September. Rule 311 selects visible mukukanka-tree reference only and leaves fruit, edible, food, season, ripening, month, and use rows closed. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominatives ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; line 2686 discusses third-person jana/bula; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'; grammar lines 3043-3049 give nyaji-l as the non-past form of 'see'. Rule 311 uses only bare support forms and corpus-conventional nyajil as the surface of nyaji-l.


english: I see the murrkul tree there.
kuku: Ngayu murrkul yinyay nyajil.
analysis: ngayu murrkul yinyay nyajil | 1sg.NOM murrkul.tree there see.NPST
frame: r311_1sg_there_tree_see_murrkul
words_used: ["ngayu", "murrkul", "yinyay", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-10T01:49:08Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T01:52:04Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 21058-21070 give murrkul as noun 'tree' with source prose about edible fruit. Rule 311 selects visible murrkul-tree reference only and leaves fruit, edible, food, seed, season, and use rows closed. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominatives ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; line 2686 discusses third-person jana/bula; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'; grammar lines 3043-3049 give nyaji-l as the non-past form of 'see'. Rule 311 uses only bare support forms and corpus-conventional nyajil as the surface of nyaji-l.


english: I see the milbarkal tree there.
kuku: Ngayu milbarkal yinyay nyajil.
analysis: ngayu milbarkal yinyay nyajil | 1sg.NOM milbarkal.tree there see.NPST
frame: r311_1sg_there_tree_see_milbarkal
words_used: ["ngayu", "milbarkal", "yinyay", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-10T01:49:08Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T01:52:04Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 18981-18990 give milbarkal as noun 'tree', English name unknown. Rule 311 selects visible milbarkal-tree reference only. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominatives ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; line 2686 discusses third-person jana/bula; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'; grammar lines 3043-3049 give nyaji-l as the non-past form of 'see'. Rule 311 uses only bare support forms and corpus-conventional nyajil as the surface of nyaji-l.


english: I see the mirrbangku pencil cedar tree there.
kuku: Ngayu mirrbangku yinyay nyajil.
analysis: ngayu mirrbangku yinyay nyajil | 1sg.NOM mirrbangku.pencil.cedar.tree there see.NPST
frame: r311_1sg_there_tree_see_mirrbangku
words_used: ["ngayu", "mirrbangku", "yinyay", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-10T01:49:08Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T01:52:04Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 19739-19760 give mirrbangku as noun 'tree' / 'pencil cedar' with source prose about date-shaped sweet fruit. Rule 311 selects visible pencil-cedar-tree reference only and leaves fruit, date-shape, sweetness, and food rows closed. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominatives ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; line 2686 discusses third-person jana/bula; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'; grammar lines 3043-3049 give nyaji-l as the non-past form of 'see'. Rule 311 uses only bare support forms and corpus-conventional nyajil as the surface of nyaji-l.


english: I see the mura tree there.
kuku: Ngayu mura yinyay nyajil.
analysis: ngayu mura yinyay nyajil | 1sg.NOM mura.tree there see.NPST
frame: r311_1sg_there_tree_see_mura
words_used: ["ngayu", "mura", "yinyay", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-10T01:49:08Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T01:52:04Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 20890-20910 give mura as noun 'tree', including source prose that blooming marks the time for minya jalan. Rule 311 selects visible mura-tree reference only and leaves bloom, seasonal timing, minya jalan, and event rows closed. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominatives ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; line 2686 discusses third-person jana/bula; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'; grammar lines 3043-3049 give nyaji-l as the non-past form of 'see'. Rule 311 uses only bare support forms and corpus-conventional nyajil as the surface of nyaji-l.


english: I see the ngadil hickory tree there.
kuku: Ngayu ngadil yinyay nyajil.
analysis: ngayu ngadil yinyay nyajil | 1sg.NOM ngadil.hickory.tree there see.NPST
frame: r311_1sg_there_tree_see_ngadil
words_used: ["ngayu", "ngadil", "yinyay", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-10T01:49:08Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T01:52:04Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 21677-21697 give ngadil as noun 'tree' / 'hickory' with source prose about good timber for woomeras. Rule 311 selects visible hickory-tree reference only and leaves timber, woomera, and material-use rows closed. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominatives ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; line 2686 discusses third-person jana/bula; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'; grammar lines 3043-3049 give nyaji-l as the non-past form of 'see'. Rule 311 uses only bare support forms and corpus-conventional nyajil as the surface of nyaji-l.


english: I see the nyumbil coolibah tree there.
kuku: Ngayu nyumbil yinyay nyajil.
analysis: ngayu nyumbil yinyay nyajil | 1sg.NOM nyumbil.coolibah.tree there see.NPST
frame: r311_1sg_there_tree_see_nyumbil
words_used: ["ngayu", "nyumbil", "yinyay", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-10T01:49:08Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T01:52:04Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 24727-24748 give nyumbil as noun 'tree' / 'coolibah tree', with a separate homographic leech entry. Rule 311 selects visible coolibah-tree reference only and leaves leech/fauna homograph rows closed. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominatives ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; line 2686 discusses third-person jana/bula; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'; grammar lines 3043-3049 give nyaji-l as the non-past form of 'see'. Rule 311 uses only bare support forms and corpus-conventional nyajil as the surface of nyaji-l.


english: I see the wankar tree there.
kuku: Ngayu wankar yinyay nyajil.
analysis: ngayu wankar yinyay nyajil | 1sg.NOM wankar.tree there see.NPST
frame: r311_1sg_there_tree_see_wankar
words_used: ["ngayu", "wankar", "yinyay", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-10T01:49:08Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T01:52:04Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 26184-26206 give wankar as noun 'tree' with source prose about water-side growth, red flowers, and a necklace made from seeds. Rule 311 selects visible wankar-tree reference only and leaves water-side ecology, flowers, seed, necklace, and artefact rows closed. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominatives ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; line 2686 discusses third-person jana/bula; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'; grammar lines 3043-3049 give nyaji-l as the non-past form of 'see'. Rule 311 uses only bare support forms and corpus-conventional nyajil as the surface of nyaji-l.


english: We two, not you, see the dulmbi umbrella palm there.
kuku: Ngali dulmbi yinyay nyajil.
analysis: ngali dulmbi yinyay nyajil | 1du.EXCL.NOM dulmbi.umbrella.palm there see.NPST
frame: r312_1du_excl_there_tree_see_dulmbi
words_used: ["ngali", "dulmbi", "yinyay", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-10T02:08:50Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T02:09:37Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 6478-6490 give dulmbi as noun 'umbrella palm' and also a place name at Stucky's Gap. Rule 312 selects visible umbrella-palm reference only and leaves place-name use closed. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominatives ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; grammar lines 2678-2686 discuss first-person inclusive/exclusive and second-person non-singular forms; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'; grammar lines 3043-3049 give nyaji-l as the non-past form of 'see'. Rule 312 uses only bare support forms and corpus-conventional nyajil as the surface of nyaji-l.


english: We two, not you, see the kakaji mangrove tree there.
kuku: Ngali kakaji yinyay nyajil.
analysis: ngali kakaji yinyay nyajil | 1du.EXCL.NOM kakaji.mangrove.tree there see.NPST
frame: r312_1du_excl_there_tree_see_kakaji
words_used: ["ngali", "kakaji", "yinyay", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-10T02:08:50Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T02:09:37Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 12087-12109 give kakaji as noun 'mangrove tree' / 'mangrove' with source prose about fruit made edible by leaching poison. Rule 312 selects visible kakaji mangrove-tree reference only and leaves fruit, leaching, poison, shore, tide, use, and ecology rows closed. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominatives ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; grammar lines 2678-2686 discuss first-person inclusive/exclusive and second-person non-singular forms; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'; grammar lines 3043-3049 give nyaji-l as the non-past form of 'see'. Rule 312 uses only bare support forms and corpus-conventional nyajil as the surface of nyaji-l.


english: We two, not you, see the mukukanka tree there.
kuku: Ngali mukukanka yinyay nyajil.
analysis: ngali mukukanka yinyay nyajil | 1du.EXCL.NOM mukukanka.tree there see.NPST
frame: r312_1du_excl_there_tree_see_mukukanka
words_used: ["ngali", "mukukanka", "yinyay", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-10T02:08:50Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T02:09:37Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 20286-20300 give mukukanka as noun 'tree' with source prose about edible fruit ripening in August-September. Rule 312 selects visible mukukanka-tree reference only and leaves fruit, edible, food, season, ripening, month, and use rows closed. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominatives ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; grammar lines 2678-2686 discuss first-person inclusive/exclusive and second-person non-singular forms; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'; grammar lines 3043-3049 give nyaji-l as the non-past form of 'see'. Rule 312 uses only bare support forms and corpus-conventional nyajil as the surface of nyaji-l.


english: We two, not you, see the murrkul tree there.
kuku: Ngali murrkul yinyay nyajil.
analysis: ngali murrkul yinyay nyajil | 1du.EXCL.NOM murrkul.tree there see.NPST
frame: r312_1du_excl_there_tree_see_murrkul
words_used: ["ngali", "murrkul", "yinyay", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-10T02:08:50Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T02:09:37Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 21058-21070 give murrkul as noun 'tree' with source prose about edible fruit. Rule 312 selects visible murrkul-tree reference only and leaves fruit, edible, food, seed, season, and use rows closed. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominatives ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; grammar lines 2678-2686 discuss first-person inclusive/exclusive and second-person non-singular forms; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'; grammar lines 3043-3049 give nyaji-l as the non-past form of 'see'. Rule 312 uses only bare support forms and corpus-conventional nyajil as the surface of nyaji-l.


english: We two, not you, see the milbarkal tree there.
kuku: Ngali milbarkal yinyay nyajil.
analysis: ngali milbarkal yinyay nyajil | 1du.EXCL.NOM milbarkal.tree there see.NPST
frame: r312_1du_excl_there_tree_see_milbarkal
words_used: ["ngali", "milbarkal", "yinyay", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-10T02:08:50Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T02:09:37Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 18981-18990 give milbarkal as noun 'tree', English name unknown. Rule 312 selects visible milbarkal-tree reference only. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominatives ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; grammar lines 2678-2686 discuss first-person inclusive/exclusive and second-person non-singular forms; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'; grammar lines 3043-3049 give nyaji-l as the non-past form of 'see'. Rule 312 uses only bare support forms and corpus-conventional nyajil as the surface of nyaji-l.


english: We two, not you, see the mirrbangku pencil cedar tree there.
kuku: Ngali mirrbangku yinyay nyajil.
analysis: ngali mirrbangku yinyay nyajil | 1du.EXCL.NOM mirrbangku.pencil.cedar.tree there see.NPST
frame: r312_1du_excl_there_tree_see_mirrbangku
words_used: ["ngali", "mirrbangku", "yinyay", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-10T02:08:50Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T02:09:37Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 19739-19760 give mirrbangku as noun 'tree' / 'pencil cedar' with source prose about date-shaped sweet fruit. Rule 312 selects visible pencil-cedar-tree reference only and leaves fruit, date-shape, sweetness, and food rows closed. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominatives ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; grammar lines 2678-2686 discuss first-person inclusive/exclusive and second-person non-singular forms; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'; grammar lines 3043-3049 give nyaji-l as the non-past form of 'see'. Rule 312 uses only bare support forms and corpus-conventional nyajil as the surface of nyaji-l.


english: We two, not you, see the mura tree there.
kuku: Ngali mura yinyay nyajil.
analysis: ngali mura yinyay nyajil | 1du.EXCL.NOM mura.tree there see.NPST
frame: r312_1du_excl_there_tree_see_mura
words_used: ["ngali", "mura", "yinyay", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-10T02:08:50Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T02:09:37Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 20890-20910 give mura as noun 'tree', including source prose that blooming marks the time for minya jalan. Rule 312 selects visible mura-tree reference only and leaves bloom, seasonal timing, minya jalan, and event rows closed. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominatives ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; grammar lines 2678-2686 discuss first-person inclusive/exclusive and second-person non-singular forms; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'; grammar lines 3043-3049 give nyaji-l as the non-past form of 'see'. Rule 312 uses only bare support forms and corpus-conventional nyajil as the surface of nyaji-l.


english: We two, not you, see the ngadil hickory tree there.
kuku: Ngali ngadil yinyay nyajil.
analysis: ngali ngadil yinyay nyajil | 1du.EXCL.NOM ngadil.hickory.tree there see.NPST
frame: r312_1du_excl_there_tree_see_ngadil
words_used: ["ngali", "ngadil", "yinyay", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-10T02:08:50Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T02:09:37Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 21677-21697 give ngadil as noun 'tree' / 'hickory' with source prose about good timber for woomeras. Rule 312 selects visible hickory-tree reference only and leaves timber, woomera, and material-use rows closed. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominatives ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; grammar lines 2678-2686 discuss first-person inclusive/exclusive and second-person non-singular forms; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'; grammar lines 3043-3049 give nyaji-l as the non-past form of 'see'. Rule 312 uses only bare support forms and corpus-conventional nyajil as the surface of nyaji-l.


english: We two, not you, see the nyumbil coolibah tree there.
kuku: Ngali nyumbil yinyay nyajil.
analysis: ngali nyumbil yinyay nyajil | 1du.EXCL.NOM nyumbil.coolibah.tree there see.NPST
frame: r312_1du_excl_there_tree_see_nyumbil
words_used: ["ngali", "nyumbil", "yinyay", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-10T02:08:50Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T02:09:37Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 24727-24748 give nyumbil as noun 'tree' / 'coolibah tree', with a separate homographic leech entry. Rule 312 selects visible coolibah-tree reference only and leaves leech/fauna homograph rows closed. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominatives ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; grammar lines 2678-2686 discuss first-person inclusive/exclusive and second-person non-singular forms; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'; grammar lines 3043-3049 give nyaji-l as the non-past form of 'see'. Rule 312 uses only bare support forms and corpus-conventional nyajil as the surface of nyaji-l.


english: We two, not you, see the wankar tree there.
kuku: Ngali wankar yinyay nyajil.
analysis: ngali wankar yinyay nyajil | 1du.EXCL.NOM wankar.tree there see.NPST
frame: r312_1du_excl_there_tree_see_wankar
words_used: ["ngali", "wankar", "yinyay", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-10T02:08:50Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T02:09:37Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 26184-26206 give wankar as noun 'tree' with source prose about water-side growth, red flowers, and a necklace made from seeds. Rule 312 selects visible wankar-tree reference only and leaves water-side ecology, flowers, seed, necklace, and artefact rows closed. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominatives ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; grammar lines 2678-2686 discuss first-person inclusive/exclusive and second-person non-singular forms; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'; grammar lines 3043-3049 give nyaji-l as the non-past form of 'see'. Rule 312 uses only bare support forms and corpus-conventional nyajil as the surface of nyaji-l.


english: We two, not you, see the dulmbi umbrella palm here.
kuku: Ngali dulmbi yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngali dulmbi yaluy nyajil | 1du.EXCL.NOM dulmbi.umbrella.palm here see.NPST
frame: r313_1du_excl_here_tree_see_dulmbi
words_used: ["ngali", "dulmbi", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-10T02:23:57Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T02:24:31Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 6478-6490 give dulmbi as noun 'umbrella palm' and also a place name at Stucky's Gap. Rule 313 selects visible umbrella-palm reference only and leaves place-name use closed. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominatives ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; grammar lines 2678-2686 discuss first-person inclusive/exclusive and second-person non-singular forms; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'; grammar lines 3043-3049 give nyaji-l as the non-past form of 'see'. Rule 313 uses only bare support forms and corpus-conventional nyajil as the surface of nyaji-l.


english: We two, not you, see the kakaji mangrove tree here.
kuku: Ngali kakaji yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngali kakaji yaluy nyajil | 1du.EXCL.NOM kakaji.mangrove.tree here see.NPST
frame: r313_1du_excl_here_tree_see_kakaji
words_used: ["ngali", "kakaji", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-10T02:23:57Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T02:24:31Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 12087-12109 give kakaji as noun 'mangrove tree' / 'mangrove' with source prose about fruit made edible by leaching poison. Rule 313 selects visible kakaji mangrove-tree reference only and leaves fruit, leaching, poison, shore, tide, use, and ecology rows closed. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominatives ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; grammar lines 2678-2686 discuss first-person inclusive/exclusive and second-person non-singular forms; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'; grammar lines 3043-3049 give nyaji-l as the non-past form of 'see'. Rule 313 uses only bare support forms and corpus-conventional nyajil as the surface of nyaji-l.


english: We two, not you, see the mukukanka tree here.
kuku: Ngali mukukanka yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngali mukukanka yaluy nyajil | 1du.EXCL.NOM mukukanka.tree here see.NPST
frame: r313_1du_excl_here_tree_see_mukukanka
words_used: ["ngali", "mukukanka", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-10T02:23:57Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T02:24:31Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 20286-20300 give mukukanka as noun 'tree' with source prose about edible fruit ripening in August-September. Rule 313 selects visible mukukanka-tree reference only and leaves fruit, edible, food, season, ripening, month, and use rows closed. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominatives ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; grammar lines 2678-2686 discuss first-person inclusive/exclusive and second-person non-singular forms; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'; grammar lines 3043-3049 give nyaji-l as the non-past form of 'see'. Rule 313 uses only bare support forms and corpus-conventional nyajil as the surface of nyaji-l.


english: We two, not you, see the murrkul tree here.
kuku: Ngali murrkul yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngali murrkul yaluy nyajil | 1du.EXCL.NOM murrkul.tree here see.NPST
frame: r313_1du_excl_here_tree_see_murrkul
words_used: ["ngali", "murrkul", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-10T02:23:57Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T02:24:31Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 21058-21070 give murrkul as noun 'tree' with source prose about edible fruit. Rule 313 selects visible murrkul-tree reference only and leaves fruit, edible, food, seed, season, and use rows closed. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominatives ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; grammar lines 2678-2686 discuss first-person inclusive/exclusive and second-person non-singular forms; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'; grammar lines 3043-3049 give nyaji-l as the non-past form of 'see'. Rule 313 uses only bare support forms and corpus-conventional nyajil as the surface of nyaji-l.


english: We two, not you, see the milbarkal tree here.
kuku: Ngali milbarkal yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngali milbarkal yaluy nyajil | 1du.EXCL.NOM milbarkal.tree here see.NPST
frame: r313_1du_excl_here_tree_see_milbarkal
words_used: ["ngali", "milbarkal", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-10T02:23:57Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T02:24:31Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 18981-18990 give milbarkal as noun 'tree', English name unknown. Rule 313 selects visible milbarkal-tree reference only. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominatives ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; grammar lines 2678-2686 discuss first-person inclusive/exclusive and second-person non-singular forms; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'; grammar lines 3043-3049 give nyaji-l as the non-past form of 'see'. Rule 313 uses only bare support forms and corpus-conventional nyajil as the surface of nyaji-l.


english: We two, not you, see the mirrbangku pencil cedar tree here.
kuku: Ngali mirrbangku yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngali mirrbangku yaluy nyajil | 1du.EXCL.NOM mirrbangku.pencil.cedar.tree here see.NPST
frame: r313_1du_excl_here_tree_see_mirrbangku
words_used: ["ngali", "mirrbangku", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-10T02:23:57Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T02:24:31Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 19739-19760 give mirrbangku as noun 'tree' / 'pencil cedar' with source prose about date-shaped sweet fruit. Rule 313 selects visible pencil-cedar-tree reference only and leaves fruit, date-shape, sweetness, and food rows closed. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominatives ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; grammar lines 2678-2686 discuss first-person inclusive/exclusive and second-person non-singular forms; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'; grammar lines 3043-3049 give nyaji-l as the non-past form of 'see'. Rule 313 uses only bare support forms and corpus-conventional nyajil as the surface of nyaji-l.


english: We two, not you, see the mura tree here.
kuku: Ngali mura yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngali mura yaluy nyajil | 1du.EXCL.NOM mura.tree here see.NPST
frame: r313_1du_excl_here_tree_see_mura
words_used: ["ngali", "mura", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-10T02:23:57Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T02:24:31Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 20890-20910 give mura as noun 'tree', including source prose that blooming marks the time for minya jalan. Rule 313 selects visible mura-tree reference only and leaves bloom, seasonal timing, minya jalan, and event rows closed. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominatives ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; grammar lines 2678-2686 discuss first-person inclusive/exclusive and second-person non-singular forms; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'; grammar lines 3043-3049 give nyaji-l as the non-past form of 'see'. Rule 313 uses only bare support forms and corpus-conventional nyajil as the surface of nyaji-l.


english: We two, not you, see the ngadil hickory tree here.
kuku: Ngali ngadil yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngali ngadil yaluy nyajil | 1du.EXCL.NOM ngadil.hickory.tree here see.NPST
frame: r313_1du_excl_here_tree_see_ngadil
words_used: ["ngali", "ngadil", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-10T02:23:57Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T02:24:31Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 21677-21697 give ngadil as noun 'tree' / 'hickory' with source prose about good timber for woomeras. Rule 313 selects visible hickory-tree reference only and leaves timber, woomera, and material-use rows closed. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominatives ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; grammar lines 2678-2686 discuss first-person inclusive/exclusive and second-person non-singular forms; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'; grammar lines 3043-3049 give nyaji-l as the non-past form of 'see'. Rule 313 uses only bare support forms and corpus-conventional nyajil as the surface of nyaji-l.


english: We two, not you, see the nyumbil coolibah tree here.
kuku: Ngali nyumbil yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngali nyumbil yaluy nyajil | 1du.EXCL.NOM nyumbil.coolibah.tree here see.NPST
frame: r313_1du_excl_here_tree_see_nyumbil
words_used: ["ngali", "nyumbil", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-10T02:23:57Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T02:24:31Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 24727-24748 give nyumbil as noun 'tree' / 'coolibah tree', with a separate homographic leech entry. Rule 313 selects visible coolibah-tree reference only and leaves leech/fauna homograph rows closed. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominatives ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; grammar lines 2678-2686 discuss first-person inclusive/exclusive and second-person non-singular forms; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'; grammar lines 3043-3049 give nyaji-l as the non-past form of 'see'. Rule 313 uses only bare support forms and corpus-conventional nyajil as the surface of nyaji-l.


english: We two, not you, see the wankar tree here.
kuku: Ngali wankar yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngali wankar yaluy nyajil | 1du.EXCL.NOM wankar.tree here see.NPST
frame: r313_1du_excl_here_tree_see_wankar
words_used: ["ngali", "wankar", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: claude
created_at: 2026-07-10T02:23:57Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T02:24:31Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 26184-26206 give wankar as noun 'tree' with source prose about water-side growth, red flowers, and a necklace made from seeds. Rule 313 selects visible wankar-tree reference only and leaves water-side ecology, flowers, seed, necklace, and artefact rows closed. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominatives ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; grammar lines 2678-2686 discuss first-person inclusive/exclusive and second-person non-singular forms; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'; grammar lines 3043-3049 give nyaji-l as the non-past form of 'see'. Rule 313 uses only bare support forms and corpus-conventional nyajil as the surface of nyaji-l.


english: I saw the dulmbi umbrella palm here.
kuku: Ngayu dulmbi yaluy nyajin.
analysis: ngayu dulmbi yaluy nyajin | 1sg.NOM dulmbi.umbrella.palm here see.PST
frame: r314_1sg_here_tree_saw_dulmbi
words_used: ["ngayu", "dulmbi", "yaluy", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T02:53:59Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T02:55:29Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 6478-6490 give dulmbi as noun 'umbrella palm' and also a place name at Stucky's Gap. Rule 314 selects visible umbrella-palm reference only and leaves place-name use closed. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominatives ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; line 2686 discusses third-person jana/bula; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'; grammar example 119 gives nyaji-ny as 'see-PAST', and lines 3160-3162 identify past -ny. Dictionary usage lines 23882-23883 and 23975-23976 independently attest running-form nyajin in complete perception clauses. Rule 314 uses only bare support forms and the dictionary-attested nyajin orthography for Patz's segmented nyaji-ny.


english: I saw the kakaji mangrove tree here.
kuku: Ngayu kakaji yaluy nyajin.
analysis: ngayu kakaji yaluy nyajin | 1sg.NOM kakaji.mangrove.tree here see.PST
frame: r314_1sg_here_tree_saw_kakaji
words_used: ["ngayu", "kakaji", "yaluy", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T02:53:59Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T02:55:29Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 12087-12109 give kakaji as noun 'mangrove tree' / 'mangrove' with source prose about fruit made edible by leaching poison. Rule 314 selects visible kakaji mangrove-tree reference only and leaves fruit, leaching, poison, shore, tide, use, and ecology rows closed. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominatives ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; line 2686 discusses third-person jana/bula; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'; grammar example 119 gives nyaji-ny as 'see-PAST', and lines 3160-3162 identify past -ny. Dictionary usage lines 23882-23883 and 23975-23976 independently attest running-form nyajin in complete perception clauses. Rule 314 uses only bare support forms and the dictionary-attested nyajin orthography for Patz's segmented nyaji-ny.


english: I saw the mukukanka tree here.
kuku: Ngayu mukukanka yaluy nyajin.
analysis: ngayu mukukanka yaluy nyajin | 1sg.NOM mukukanka.tree here see.PST
frame: r314_1sg_here_tree_saw_mukukanka
words_used: ["ngayu", "mukukanka", "yaluy", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T02:53:59Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T02:55:29Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 20286-20300 give mukukanka as noun 'tree' with source prose about edible fruit ripening in August-September. Rule 314 selects visible mukukanka-tree reference only and leaves fruit, edible, food, season, ripening, month, and use rows closed. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominatives ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; line 2686 discusses third-person jana/bula; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'; grammar example 119 gives nyaji-ny as 'see-PAST', and lines 3160-3162 identify past -ny. Dictionary usage lines 23882-23883 and 23975-23976 independently attest running-form nyajin in complete perception clauses. Rule 314 uses only bare support forms and the dictionary-attested nyajin orthography for Patz's segmented nyaji-ny.


english: I saw the murrkul tree here.
kuku: Ngayu murrkul yaluy nyajin.
analysis: ngayu murrkul yaluy nyajin | 1sg.NOM murrkul.tree here see.PST
frame: r314_1sg_here_tree_saw_murrkul
words_used: ["ngayu", "murrkul", "yaluy", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T02:53:59Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T02:55:29Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 21058-21070 give murrkul as noun 'tree' with source prose about edible fruit. Rule 314 selects visible murrkul-tree reference only and leaves fruit, edible, food, seed, season, and use rows closed. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominatives ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; line 2686 discusses third-person jana/bula; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'; grammar example 119 gives nyaji-ny as 'see-PAST', and lines 3160-3162 identify past -ny. Dictionary usage lines 23882-23883 and 23975-23976 independently attest running-form nyajin in complete perception clauses. Rule 314 uses only bare support forms and the dictionary-attested nyajin orthography for Patz's segmented nyaji-ny.


english: I saw the milbarkal tree here.
kuku: Ngayu milbarkal yaluy nyajin.
analysis: ngayu milbarkal yaluy nyajin | 1sg.NOM milbarkal.tree here see.PST
frame: r314_1sg_here_tree_saw_milbarkal
words_used: ["ngayu", "milbarkal", "yaluy", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T02:53:59Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T02:55:29Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 18981-18990 give milbarkal as noun 'tree', English name unknown. Rule 314 selects visible milbarkal-tree reference only. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominatives ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; line 2686 discusses third-person jana/bula; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'; grammar example 119 gives nyaji-ny as 'see-PAST', and lines 3160-3162 identify past -ny. Dictionary usage lines 23882-23883 and 23975-23976 independently attest running-form nyajin in complete perception clauses. Rule 314 uses only bare support forms and the dictionary-attested nyajin orthography for Patz's segmented nyaji-ny.


english: I saw the mirrbangku pencil cedar tree here.
kuku: Ngayu mirrbangku yaluy nyajin.
analysis: ngayu mirrbangku yaluy nyajin | 1sg.NOM mirrbangku.pencil.cedar.tree here see.PST
frame: r314_1sg_here_tree_saw_mirrbangku
words_used: ["ngayu", "mirrbangku", "yaluy", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T02:53:59Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T02:55:29Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 19739-19760 give mirrbangku as noun 'tree' / 'pencil cedar' with source prose about date-shaped sweet fruit. Rule 314 selects visible pencil-cedar-tree reference only and leaves fruit, date-shape, sweetness, and food rows closed. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominatives ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; line 2686 discusses third-person jana/bula; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'; grammar example 119 gives nyaji-ny as 'see-PAST', and lines 3160-3162 identify past -ny. Dictionary usage lines 23882-23883 and 23975-23976 independently attest running-form nyajin in complete perception clauses. Rule 314 uses only bare support forms and the dictionary-attested nyajin orthography for Patz's segmented nyaji-ny.


english: I saw the mura tree here.
kuku: Ngayu mura yaluy nyajin.
analysis: ngayu mura yaluy nyajin | 1sg.NOM mura.tree here see.PST
frame: r314_1sg_here_tree_saw_mura
words_used: ["ngayu", "mura", "yaluy", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T02:53:59Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T02:55:29Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 20890-20910 give mura as noun 'tree', including source prose that blooming marks the time for minya jalan. Rule 314 selects visible mura-tree reference only and leaves bloom, seasonal timing, minya jalan, and event rows closed. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominatives ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; line 2686 discusses third-person jana/bula; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'; grammar example 119 gives nyaji-ny as 'see-PAST', and lines 3160-3162 identify past -ny. Dictionary usage lines 23882-23883 and 23975-23976 independently attest running-form nyajin in complete perception clauses. Rule 314 uses only bare support forms and the dictionary-attested nyajin orthography for Patz's segmented nyaji-ny.


english: I saw the ngadil hickory tree here.
kuku: Ngayu ngadil yaluy nyajin.
analysis: ngayu ngadil yaluy nyajin | 1sg.NOM ngadil.hickory.tree here see.PST
frame: r314_1sg_here_tree_saw_ngadil
words_used: ["ngayu", "ngadil", "yaluy", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T02:53:59Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T02:55:29Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 21677-21697 give ngadil as noun 'tree' / 'hickory' with source prose about good timber for woomeras. Rule 314 selects visible hickory-tree reference only and leaves timber, woomera, and material-use rows closed. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominatives ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; line 2686 discusses third-person jana/bula; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'; grammar example 119 gives nyaji-ny as 'see-PAST', and lines 3160-3162 identify past -ny. Dictionary usage lines 23882-23883 and 23975-23976 independently attest running-form nyajin in complete perception clauses. Rule 314 uses only bare support forms and the dictionary-attested nyajin orthography for Patz's segmented nyaji-ny.


english: I saw the nyumbil coolibah tree here.
kuku: Ngayu nyumbil yaluy nyajin.
analysis: ngayu nyumbil yaluy nyajin | 1sg.NOM nyumbil.coolibah.tree here see.PST
frame: r314_1sg_here_tree_saw_nyumbil
words_used: ["ngayu", "nyumbil", "yaluy", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T02:53:59Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T02:55:29Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 24727-24748 give nyumbil as noun 'tree' / 'coolibah tree', with a separate homographic leech entry. Rule 314 selects visible coolibah-tree reference only and leaves leech/fauna homograph rows closed. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominatives ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; line 2686 discusses third-person jana/bula; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'; grammar example 119 gives nyaji-ny as 'see-PAST', and lines 3160-3162 identify past -ny. Dictionary usage lines 23882-23883 and 23975-23976 independently attest running-form nyajin in complete perception clauses. Rule 314 uses only bare support forms and the dictionary-attested nyajin orthography for Patz's segmented nyaji-ny.


english: I saw the wankar tree here.
kuku: Ngayu wankar yaluy nyajin.
analysis: ngayu wankar yaluy nyajin | 1sg.NOM wankar.tree here see.PST
frame: r314_1sg_here_tree_saw_wankar
words_used: ["ngayu", "wankar", "yaluy", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T02:53:59Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T02:55:29Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 26184-26206 give wankar as noun 'tree' with source prose about water-side growth, red flowers, and a necklace made from seeds. Rule 314 selects visible wankar-tree reference only and leaves water-side ecology, flowers, seed, necklace, and artefact rows closed. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2582 source bare nominatives ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana with non-nominative case forms separated in the same table; line 2686 discusses third-person jana/bula; demonstrative lines 2834-2845 source yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'; grammar example 119 gives nyaji-ny as 'see-PAST', and lines 3160-3162 identify past -ny. Dictionary usage lines 23882-23883 and 23975-23976 independently attest running-form nyajin in complete perception clauses. Rule 314 uses only bare support forms and the dictionary-attested nyajin orthography for Patz's segmented nyaji-ny.


english: I see the miyilabu mangrove tree there.
kuku: Ngayu miyilabu yinyay nyajil.
analysis: ngayu miyilabu yinyay nyajil | 1sg.NOM miyilabu.mangrove.tree there see.NPST
frame: r315_1sg_there_low_tree_see_miyilabu
words_used: ["ngayu", "miyilabu", "yinyay", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T03:13:51Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T03:14:41Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 19850-19873 give miyilabu as noun 'tree' / 'mangrove', with separate prose about poisonous sap, blindness, and an association with miyil 'eye'. Rule 315 selects visible miyilabu mangrove-tree reference only and leaves sap, poison, blindness, fish-stupefying, eye etymology, use, and ecology rows closed. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2586 sources bare nominatives ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana, including the note that nyulu is more common than yulu; demonstrative lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'; lines 3043-3049 give nyaji-l as nonpast 'see', and lines 3149-3151 define nonpast present/future function. Grammar lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O, including sensory perception. Dictionary lines 24282-24296 independently attest running-form nyajil as an l-conjugation general perception verb including 'see'. Rule 315 uses only the visual sense and bare support forms.


english: I see the ngalkarran tree there.
kuku: Ngayu ngalkarran yinyay nyajil.
analysis: ngayu ngalkarran yinyay nyajil | 1sg.NOM ngalkarran.tree there see.NPST
frame: r315_1sg_there_low_tree_see_ngalkarran
words_used: ["ngayu", "ngalkarran", "yinyay", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T03:13:51Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T03:14:41Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 21896-21917 give ngalkarran as noun 'tree', with source prose about an edible red seed or apple-like fruit ripening August-October. Rule 315 selects visible ngalkarran-tree reference only and leaves seed, colour, fruit, edibility, apple comparison, ripening, month, season, and food rows closed. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2586 sources bare nominatives ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana, including the note that nyulu is more common than yulu; demonstrative lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'; lines 3043-3049 give nyaji-l as nonpast 'see', and lines 3149-3151 define nonpast present/future function. Grammar lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O, including sensory perception. Dictionary lines 24282-24296 independently attest running-form nyajil as an l-conjugation general perception verb including 'see'. Rule 315 uses only the visual sense and bare support forms.


english: I see the wada tree there.
kuku: Ngayu wada yinyay nyajil.
analysis: ngayu wada yinyay nyajil | 1sg.NOM wada.tree there see.NPST
frame: r315_1sg_there_low_tree_see_wada
words_used: ["ngayu", "wada", "yinyay", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T03:13:51Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T03:14:41Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 25015-25036 give wada as noun 'tree' / 'small tree', with source prose about an edible white seed or apple-sized fruit ripening August-October. Rule 315 selects visible wada-tree reference only and leaves size, seed, colour, fruit, edibility, apple comparison, ripening, month, season, and food rows closed. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2586 sources bare nominatives ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana, including the note that nyulu is more common than yulu; demonstrative lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'; lines 3043-3049 give nyaji-l as nonpast 'see', and lines 3149-3151 define nonpast present/future function. Grammar lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O, including sensory perception. Dictionary lines 24282-24296 independently attest running-form nyajil as an l-conjugation general perception verb including 'see'. Rule 315 uses only the visual sense and bare support forms.


english: I see the wangku tree there.
kuku: Ngayu wangku yinyay nyajil.
analysis: ngayu wangku yinyay nyajil | 1sg.NOM wangku.tree there see.NPST
frame: r315_1sg_there_low_tree_see_wangku
words_used: ["ngayu", "wangku", "yinyay", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T03:13:51Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T03:14:41Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 26023-26034 give wangku as noun 'small tree' or 'wood goanna'. Rule 315 selects visible wangku-tree reference only and leaves the wood-goanna/fauna reading, size predicates, habitat, and event rows closed. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2586 sources bare nominatives ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana, including the note that nyulu is more common than yulu; demonstrative lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'; lines 3043-3049 give nyaji-l as nonpast 'see', and lines 3149-3151 define nonpast present/future function. Grammar lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O, including sensory perception. Dictionary lines 24282-24296 independently attest running-form nyajil as an l-conjugation general perception verb including 'see'. Rule 315 uses only the visual sense and bare support forms.


english: I see the yinkunji fig tree there.
kuku: Ngayu yinkunji yinyay nyajil.
analysis: ngayu yinkunji yinyay nyajil | 1sg.NOM yinkunji.fig.tree there see.NPST
frame: r315_1sg_there_low_tree_see_yinkunji
words_used: ["ngayu", "yinkunji", "yinyay", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T03:13:51Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T03:14:41Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 30302-30325 give yinkunji as noun 'tree' / 'fig tree', with source prose about edible long black fruit ripening in the wet season. Rule 315 selects visible yinkunji fig-tree reference only and leaves fruit, shape, colour, edibility, wet-season ripening, food, and ecology rows closed. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2586 sources bare nominatives ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana, including the note that nyulu is more common than yulu; demonstrative lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'; lines 3043-3049 give nyaji-l as nonpast 'see', and lines 3149-3151 define nonpast present/future function. Grammar lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O, including sensory perception. Dictionary lines 24282-24296 independently attest running-form nyajil as an l-conjugation general perception verb including 'see'. Rule 315 uses only the visual sense and bare support forms.


english: I see the yurrunji tree there.
kuku: Ngayu yurrunji yinyay nyajil.
analysis: ngayu yurrunji yinyay nyajil | 1sg.NOM yurrunji.tree there see.NPST
frame: r315_1sg_there_low_tree_see_yurrunji
words_used: ["ngayu", "yurrunji", "yinyay", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T03:13:51Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T03:14:41Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 31080-31101 give yurrunji as noun 'tree' / 'dead finish', with country distribution, Main camp, Romeo, love, rejection, and solitary-tree story prose. Rule 315 selects visible yurrunji-tree reference only and leaves exonym, place, country distribution, personification, love/rejection, solitary, and story rows closed. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2586 sources bare nominatives ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana, including the note that nyulu is more common than yulu; demonstrative lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'; lines 3043-3049 give nyaji-l as nonpast 'see', and lines 3149-3151 define nonpast present/future function. Grammar lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O, including sensory perception. Dictionary lines 24282-24296 independently attest running-form nyajil as an l-conjugation general perception verb including 'see'. Rule 315 uses only the visual sense and bare support forms.


english: I see the jajikal screw palm there.
kuku: Ngayu jajikal yinyay nyajil.
analysis: ngayu jajikal yinyay nyajil | 1sg.NOM jajikal.screw.palm there see.NPST
frame: r315_1sg_there_low_tree_see_jajikal
words_used: ["ngayu", "jajikal", "yinyay", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T03:13:51Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T03:14:41Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 7027-7069 give jajikal place-name/Bloomfield senses and a distinct noun 'screw palm' / 'pandanus palm', also associated with lower camp at Ayton. Rule 315 selects visible jajikal screw-palm reference only and leaves Bloomfield, river-mouth, Ayton, lower-camp, abundance, place-name, leaf, weaving, and use rows closed. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2586 sources bare nominatives ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana, including the note that nyulu is more common than yulu; demonstrative lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'; lines 3043-3049 give nyaji-l as nonpast 'see', and lines 3149-3151 define nonpast present/future function. Grammar lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O, including sensory perception. Dictionary lines 24282-24296 independently attest running-form nyajil as an l-conjugation general perception verb including 'see'. Rule 315 uses only the visual sense and bare support forms.


english: I see the jalnji tree there.
kuku: Ngayu jalnji yinyay nyajil.
analysis: ngayu jalnji yinyay nyajil | 1sg.NOM jalnji.tree there see.NPST
frame: r315_1sg_there_low_tree_see_jalnji
words_used: ["ngayu", "jalnji", "yinyay", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T03:13:51Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T03:14:41Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 7591-7611 give jalnji as noun 'poison nut tree' / 'nut tree', with source prose about human inedibility and non-poisonous gum used for spears. Rule 315 selects visible jalnji-tree reference only and leaves poison, nut/food, edibility, gum, spear, material, and use rows closed. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2586 sources bare nominatives ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana, including the note that nyulu is more common than yulu; demonstrative lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'; lines 3043-3049 give nyaji-l as nonpast 'see', and lines 3149-3151 define nonpast present/future function. Grammar lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O, including sensory perception. Dictionary lines 24282-24296 independently attest running-form nyajil as an l-conjugation general perception verb including 'see'. Rule 315 uses only the visual sense and bare support forms.


english: I see the jinjay tree there.
kuku: Ngayu jinjay yinyay nyajil.
analysis: ngayu jinjay yinyay nyajil | 1sg.NOM jinjay.tree there see.NPST
frame: r315_1sg_there_low_tree_see_jinjay
words_used: ["ngayu", "jinjay", "yinyay", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T03:13:51Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T03:14:41Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 9539-9559 give jinjay as noun 'poison nut tree' / 'tree', with source prose about roasting, poisonous smoke/bark/sap, and a cooked-wattle-bark skin cure. Rule 315 selects visible jinjay-tree reference only and leaves nut/fruit, roasting, smoke, poison, bark, sap, water, cure, skin, food, medicine, and use rows closed. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2586 sources bare nominatives ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana, including the note that nyulu is more common than yulu; demonstrative lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'; lines 3043-3049 give nyaji-l as nonpast 'see', and lines 3149-3151 define nonpast present/future function. Grammar lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O, including sensory perception. Dictionary lines 24282-24296 independently attest running-form nyajil as an l-conjugation general perception verb including 'see'. Rule 315 uses only the visual sense and bare support forms.


english: I see the kurubarr mangrove there.
kuku: Ngayu kurubarr yinyay nyajil.
analysis: ngayu kurubarr yinyay nyajil | 1sg.NOM kurubarr.mangrove there see.NPST
frame: r315_1sg_there_low_tree_see_kurubarr
words_used: ["ngayu", "kurubarr", "yinyay", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T03:13:51Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T03:14:41Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 16709-16720 give kurubarr as noun 'mangrove', with source prose about a long round seed. Rule 315 selects visible kurubarr-mangrove reference only and leaves seed, shape, fruit, shore/tide ecology, and use rows closed. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2586 sources bare nominatives ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana, including the note that nyulu is more common than yulu; demonstrative lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'; lines 3043-3049 give nyaji-l as nonpast 'see', and lines 3149-3151 define nonpast present/future function. Grammar lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O, including sensory perception. Dictionary lines 24282-24296 independently attest running-form nyajil as an l-conjugation general perception verb including 'see'. Rule 315 uses only the visual sense and bare support forms.


english: We two, not you, see the dabway bird here.
kuku: Ngali dabway yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngali dabway yaluy nyajil | 1du.excl.NOM dabway.bird here see.NPST
frame: r316_1du_excl_here_low_bird_see_dabway
words_used: ["ngali", "dabway", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T03:30:31Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T03:31:19Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 4465-4483 give dabway as noun 'black bird' / 'black messenger bird', with source prose identifying it as a totem of dabu and walarr moieties. Rule 316 selects visible dabway-bird reference only and leaves colour, messenger behavior, totem, moiety, warning, omen, and event rows closed. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2582 sources bare nominatives ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana; lines 2674-2684 support dual/plural person-number and inclusive/exclusive values. Demonstrative lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Lines 3043-3049 give nyaji-l as nonpast 'see', lines 3149-3151 define nonpast present/future function, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for sensory perception. Dictionary lines 24282-24296 independently attest running-form nyajil as a general l-conjugation perception verb including visual 'see'. Rule 316 uses only bare forms and the visual sense.


english: We two, not you, see the kalmnbagarr diver bird here.
kuku: Ngali kalmnbagarr yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngali kalmnbagarr yaluy nyajil | 1du.excl.NOM kalmnbagarr.diver.bird here see.NPST
frame: r316_1du_excl_here_low_bird_see_kalmnbagarr
words_used: ["ngali", "kalmnbagarr", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T03:30:31Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T03:31:19Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 12800-12808 give kalmnbagarr as noun 'black diver bird'. Rule 316 selects visible kalmnbagarr diver-bird reference only and leaves colour, diving behavior, water habitat, and event rows closed. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2582 sources bare nominatives ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana; lines 2674-2684 support dual/plural person-number and inclusive/exclusive values. Demonstrative lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Lines 3043-3049 give nyaji-l as nonpast 'see', lines 3149-3151 define nonpast present/future function, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for sensory perception. Dictionary lines 24282-24296 independently attest running-form nyajil as a general l-conjugation perception verb including visual 'see'. Rule 316 uses only bare forms and the visual sense.


english: We two, not you, see the kurkunbay butcherbird here.
kuku: Ngali kurkunbay yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngali kurkunbay yaluy nyajil | 1du.excl.NOM kurkunbay.butcherbird here see.NPST
frame: r316_1du_excl_here_low_bird_see_kurkunbay
words_used: ["ngali", "kurkunbay", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T03:30:31Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T03:31:19Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 16134-16143 give kurkunbay as noun 'butcherbird' / 'stockwhip bird'. Rule 316 selects visible kurkunbay butcherbird reference only and leaves stockwhip-call, sound, behavior, hunting, omen, and event rows closed. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2582 sources bare nominatives ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana; lines 2674-2684 support dual/plural person-number and inclusive/exclusive values. Demonstrative lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Lines 3043-3049 give nyaji-l as nonpast 'see', lines 3149-3151 define nonpast present/future function, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for sensory perception. Dictionary lines 24282-24296 independently attest running-form nyajil as a general l-conjugation perception verb including visual 'see'. Rule 316 uses only bare forms and the visual sense.


english: We two, not you, see the kurrburrubun magpie here.
kuku: Ngali kurrburrubun yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngali kurrburrubun yaluy nyajil | 1du.excl.NOM kurrburrubun.magpie here see.NPST
frame: r316_1du_excl_here_low_bird_see_kurrburrubun
words_used: ["ngali", "kurrburrubun", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T03:30:31Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T03:31:19Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 16345-16363 give kurrburrubun as noun 'magpie'. Rule 316 selects visible kurrburrubun-magpie reference only and leaves call, song, feeding, behavior, and event rows closed. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2582 sources bare nominatives ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana; lines 2674-2684 support dual/plural person-number and inclusive/exclusive values. Demonstrative lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Lines 3043-3049 give nyaji-l as nonpast 'see', lines 3149-3151 define nonpast present/future function, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for sensory perception. Dictionary lines 24282-24296 independently attest running-form nyajil as a general l-conjugation perception verb including visual 'see'. Rule 316 uses only bare forms and the visual sense.


english: We two, not you, see the kurrujuwa sentry bird here.
kuku: Ngali kurrujuwa yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngali kurrujuwa yaluy nyajil | 1du.excl.NOM kurrujuwa.sentry.bird here see.NPST
frame: r316_1du_excl_here_low_bird_see_kurrujuwa
words_used: ["ngali", "kurrujuwa", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T03:30:31Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T03:31:19Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 16594-16613 give kurrujuwa as noun 'sentry bird', with source prose about warning of crocodiles along river banks and totem status for dabu and walarr. Rule 316 selects visible kurrujuwa-bird reference only and leaves warning, crocodile, river-bank, danger, totem, moiety, behavior, and event rows closed. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2582 sources bare nominatives ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana; lines 2674-2684 support dual/plural person-number and inclusive/exclusive values. Demonstrative lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Lines 3043-3049 give nyaji-l as nonpast 'see', lines 3149-3151 define nonpast present/future function, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for sensory perception. Dictionary lines 24282-24296 independently attest running-form nyajil as a general l-conjugation perception verb including visual 'see'. Rule 316 uses only bare forms and the visual sense.


english: We two, not you, see the mirrki kidney bird here.
kuku: Ngali mirrki yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngali mirrki yaluy nyajil | 1du.excl.NOM mirrki.kidney.bird here see.NPST
frame: r316_1du_excl_here_low_bird_see_mirrki
words_used: ["ngali", "mirrki", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T03:30:31Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T03:31:19Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 19792-19801 give mirrki as noun 'kidney bird'. Rule 316 selects visible mirrki kidney-bird reference only and leaves anatomy, kidney association, call, behavior, and event rows closed. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2582 sources bare nominatives ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana; lines 2674-2684 support dual/plural person-number and inclusive/exclusive values. Demonstrative lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Lines 3043-3049 give nyaji-l as nonpast 'see', lines 3149-3151 define nonpast present/future function, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for sensory perception. Dictionary lines 24282-24296 independently attest running-form nyajil as a general l-conjugation perception verb including visual 'see'. Rule 316 uses only bare forms and the visual sense.


english: We two, not you, see the mirrku kidney bird here.
kuku: Ngali mirrku yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngali mirrku yaluy nyajil | 1du.excl.NOM mirrku.kidney.bird here see.NPST
frame: r316_1du_excl_here_low_bird_see_mirrku
words_used: ["ngali", "mirrku", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T03:30:31Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T03:31:19Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 19802-19813 give mirrku as noun 'kidney bird', identified in source prose as a dabu-moiety totem. Rule 316 selects visible mirrku kidney-bird reference only and leaves anatomy, totem, moiety, call, behavior, and event rows closed. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2582 sources bare nominatives ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana; lines 2674-2684 support dual/plural person-number and inclusive/exclusive values. Demonstrative lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Lines 3043-3049 give nyaji-l as nonpast 'see', lines 3149-3151 define nonpast present/future function, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for sensory perception. Dictionary lines 24282-24296 independently attest running-form nyajil as a general l-conjugation perception verb including visual 'see'. Rule 316 uses only bare forms and the visual sense.


english: We two, not you, see the mulumu dove here.
kuku: Ngali mulumu yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngali mulumu yaluy nyajil | 1du.excl.NOM mulumu.dove here see.NPST
frame: r316_1du_excl_here_low_bird_see_mulumu
words_used: ["ngali", "mulumu", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T03:30:31Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T03:31:19Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 20512-20524 give mulumu as noun 'dove' and a secondary sense 'wood used in a sacred corroboree'. Rule 316 selects visible mulumu-dove reference only and leaves wood, sacred, ceremony/corroboree, material, use, and event rows closed. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2582 sources bare nominatives ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana; lines 2674-2684 support dual/plural person-number and inclusive/exclusive values. Demonstrative lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Lines 3043-3049 give nyaji-l as nonpast 'see', lines 3149-3151 define nonpast present/future function, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for sensory perception. Dictionary lines 24282-24296 independently attest running-form nyajil as a general l-conjugation perception verb including visual 'see'. Rule 316 uses only bare forms and the visual sense.


english: We two, not you, see the munungkul ground pigeon here.
kuku: Ngali munungkul yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngali munungkul yaluy nyajil | 1du.excl.NOM munungkul.ground.pigeon here see.NPST
frame: r316_1du_excl_here_low_bird_see_munungkul
words_used: ["ngali", "munungkul", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T03:30:31Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T03:31:19Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 20827-20835 give munungkul as noun 'ground pigeon'. Rule 316 selects visible ground-pigeon reference only and does not inherit feeding, leaves, shade, tree, ground-habitat, or behavior propositions from its single earlier corpus use. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2582 sources bare nominatives ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana; lines 2674-2684 support dual/plural person-number and inclusive/exclusive values. Demonstrative lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Lines 3043-3049 give nyaji-l as nonpast 'see', lines 3149-3151 define nonpast present/future function, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for sensory perception. Dictionary lines 24282-24296 independently attest running-form nyajil as a general l-conjugation perception verb including visual 'see'. Rule 316 uses only bare forms and the visual sense.


english: We two, not you, see the ngarkay waterhen here.
kuku: Ngali ngarkay yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngali ngarkay yaluy nyajil | 1du.excl.NOM ngarkay.waterhen here see.NPST
frame: r316_1du_excl_here_low_bird_see_ngarkay
words_used: ["ngali", "ngarkay", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T03:30:31Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T03:31:19Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 22729-22748 give ngarkay as noun 'waterhen' / 'water hen'. Rule 316 selects visible waterhen reference only and does not inherit grass, swamp-edge, walking, mud, hunting, prey, habitat, or behavior propositions from its single earlier corpus use. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2582 sources bare nominatives ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana; lines 2674-2684 support dual/plural person-number and inclusive/exclusive values. Demonstrative lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Lines 3043-3049 give nyaji-l as nonpast 'see', lines 3149-3151 define nonpast present/future function, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for sensory perception. Dictionary lines 24282-24296 independently attest running-form nyajil as a general l-conjugation perception verb including visual 'see'. Rule 316 uses only bare forms and the visual sense.


english: I saw the kalkamal locust there.
kuku: Ngayu kalkamal yinyay nyajin.
analysis: ngayu kalkamal yinyay nyajin | 1sg.NOM kalkamal.locust there see.PST
frame: r317_1sg_there_low_insect_saw_kalkamal
words_used: ["ngayu", "kalkamal", "yinyay", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T03:46:31Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T03:48:51Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 12613-12624 give kalkamal as noun 'locust', with source prose about mountain habitat, signaling turkey-egg collection, and an extended egg-collecting time/event sense. Rule 317 selects visible kalkamal-locust reference only and leaves mountain, seasonal signal, turkey, egg collection, time, and event rows closed. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2586 sources bare nominatives ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana; demonstrative lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Patz examples at lines 2023 and 2568-2571 give nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 identify past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for sensory perception. Dictionary usage lines 23882-23883 and 23975-23976 independently attest running-form nyajin in complete visual-perception clauses. Rule 317 uses only bare support forms and dictionary-attested nyajin past visual perception.


english: I saw the kuran case-moth larva there.
kuku: Ngayu kuran yinyay nyajin.
analysis: ngayu kuran yinyay nyajin | 1sg.NOM kuran.case.moth.larva there see.PST
frame: r317_1sg_there_low_insect_saw_kuran
words_used: ["ngayu", "kuran", "yinyay", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T03:46:31Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T03:48:51Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 16065-16076 give kuran as noun 'larva of case moth', with source prose that it is edible and found in green wood. Rule 317 selects visible case-moth-larva reference only and leaves edibility, food, green wood, habitat, collection, and use rows closed. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2586 sources bare nominatives ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana; demonstrative lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Patz examples at lines 2023 and 2568-2571 give nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 identify past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for sensory perception. Dictionary usage lines 23882-23883 and 23975-23976 independently attest running-form nyajin in complete visual-perception clauses. Rule 317 uses only bare support forms and dictionary-attested nyajin past visual perception.


english: I saw the kurrmaja larvae there.
kuku: Ngayu kurrmaja yinyay nyajin.
analysis: ngayu kurrmaja yinyay nyajin | 1sg.NOM kurrmaja.larvae there see.PST
frame: r317_1sg_there_low_insect_saw_kurrmaja
words_used: ["ngayu", "kurrmaja", "yinyay", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T03:46:31Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T03:48:51Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 16507-16515 give kurrmaja as noun 'larvae of green ants'. Rule 317 selects visible kurrmaja-larvae reference only and leaves green-ant behavior, eggs/pupae, nest, food, medicine, collection, and preparation rows closed. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2586 sources bare nominatives ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana; demonstrative lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Patz examples at lines 2023 and 2568-2571 give nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 identify past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for sensory perception. Dictionary usage lines 23882-23883 and 23975-23976 independently attest running-form nyajin in complete visual-perception clauses. Rule 317 uses only bare support forms and dictionary-attested nyajin past visual perception.


english: I saw the murma wasp there.
kuku: Ngayu murma yinyay nyajin.
analysis: ngayu murma yinyay nyajin | 1sg.NOM murma.wasp there see.PST
frame: r317_1sg_there_low_insect_saw_murma
words_used: ["ngayu", "murma", "yinyay", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T03:46:31Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T03:48:51Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 20936-20944 give murma as noun 'wasp', with source prose specifying small paper wasp, yellow colour, bad sting, and tree-hanging nest. Rule 317 selects visible murma-wasp reference only and leaves size, species material, colour, sting, pain/danger, nest, tree, and behavior rows closed. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2586 sources bare nominatives ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana; demonstrative lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Patz examples at lines 2023 and 2568-2571 give nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 identify past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for sensory perception. Dictionary usage lines 23882-23883 and 23975-23976 independently attest running-form nyajin in complete visual-perception clauses. Rule 317 uses only bare support forms and dictionary-attested nyajin past visual perception.


english: I saw the wurrbu hornet there.
kuku: Ngayu wurrbu yinyay nyajin.
analysis: ngayu wurrbu yinyay nyajin | 1sg.NOM wurrbu.hornet there see.PST
frame: r317_1sg_there_low_insect_saw_wurrbu
words_used: ["ngayu", "wurrbu", "yinyay", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T03:46:31Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T03:48:51Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 28414-28422 give wurrbu as noun 'hornet, bumblebee', with source prose about nests in stumps or the ground. Rule 317 selects visible wurrbu-hornet reference only and leaves bumblebee alternative, nest, stump, ground habitat, sting, behavior, and event rows closed. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2586 sources bare nominatives ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana; demonstrative lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Patz examples at lines 2023 and 2568-2571 give nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 identify past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for sensory perception. Dictionary usage lines 23882-23883 and 23975-23976 independently attest running-form nyajin in complete visual-perception clauses. Rule 317 uses only bare support forms and dictionary-attested nyajin past visual perception.


english: I saw the durra caterpillar there.
kuku: Ngayu durra yinyay nyajin.
analysis: ngayu durra yinyay nyajin | 1sg.NOM durra.caterpillar there see.PST
frame: r317_1sg_there_low_insect_saw_durra
words_used: ["ngayu", "durra", "yinyay", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T03:46:31Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T03:48:51Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 6696-6707 give durra as noun 'caterpillar' / 'worm'. Rule 317 selects visible durra-caterpillar reference only and does not inherit leaf-eating, growth, wrapping, transformation, moth, or life-cycle propositions from its earlier corpus row. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2586 sources bare nominatives ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana; demonstrative lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Patz examples at lines 2023 and 2568-2571 give nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 identify past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for sensory perception. Dictionary usage lines 23882-23883 and 23975-23976 independently attest running-form nyajin in complete visual-perception clauses. Rule 317 uses only bare support forms and dictionary-attested nyajin past visual perception.


english: I saw the jiljay grub there.
kuku: Ngayu jiljay yinyay nyajin.
analysis: ngayu jiljay yinyay nyajin | 1sg.NOM jiljay.grub there see.PST
frame: r317_1sg_there_low_insect_saw_jiljay
words_used: ["ngayu", "jiljay", "yinyay", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T03:46:31Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T03:48:51Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 9160-9168 give jiljay as noun 'grub found in antbed'. Rule 317 selects visible jiljay-grub reference only and leaves antbed habitat, fishing/bait, strength, weight, catching, and prior-row event propositions closed. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2586 sources bare nominatives ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana; demonstrative lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Patz examples at lines 2023 and 2568-2571 give nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 identify past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for sensory perception. Dictionary usage lines 23882-23883 and 23975-23976 independently attest running-form nyajin in complete visual-perception clauses. Rule 317 uses only bare support forms and dictionary-attested nyajin past visual perception.


english: I saw the karrkil jumper ant there.
kuku: Ngayu karrkil yinyay nyajin.
analysis: ngayu karrkil yinyay nyajin | 1sg.NOM karrkil.jumper.ant there see.PST
frame: r317_1sg_there_low_insect_saw_karrkil
words_used: ["ngayu", "karrkil", "yinyay", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T03:46:31Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T03:48:51Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 13648-13658 give karrkil as noun 'red jumper ant', with source prose about biting, sickness, and vomiting. Rule 317 selects visible karrkil jumper-ant reference only and leaves colour, bite/sting, sickness, vomiting, danger, warning, track, and prior-row propositions closed. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2586 sources bare nominatives ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana; demonstrative lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Patz examples at lines 2023 and 2568-2571 give nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 identify past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for sensory perception. Dictionary usage lines 23882-23883 and 23975-23976 independently attest running-form nyajin in complete visual-perception clauses. Rule 317 uses only bare support forms and dictionary-attested nyajin past visual perception.


english: I saw the kawa ants there.
kuku: Ngayu kawa yinyay nyajin.
analysis: ngayu kawa yinyay nyajin | 1sg.NOM kawa.ants there see.PST
frame: r317_1sg_there_low_insect_saw_kawa
words_used: ["ngayu", "kawa", "yinyay", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T03:46:31Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T03:48:51Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 13824-13836 give kawa as noun 'little ants', white or black. Rule 317 selects visible kawa-ant reference only and leaves size, colour, honey intrusion, egg carrying, rain prediction, behavior, and prior-row event propositions closed. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2586 sources bare nominatives ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana; demonstrative lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Patz examples at lines 2023 and 2568-2571 give nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 identify past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for sensory perception. Dictionary usage lines 23882-23883 and 23975-23976 independently attest running-form nyajin in complete visual-perception clauses. Rule 317 uses only bare support forms and dictionary-attested nyajin past visual perception.


english: I saw the jabarrangkul ant there.
kuku: Ngayu jabarrangkul yinyay nyajin.
analysis: ngayu jabarrangkul yinyay nyajin | 1sg.NOM jabarrangkul.ant there see.PST
frame: r317_1sg_there_low_insect_saw_jabarrangkul
words_used: ["ngayu", "jabarrangkul", "yinyay", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T03:46:31Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T03:48:51Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 6919-6928 give jabarrangkul as noun 'black ant' and its nest in rotten logs. Rule 317 selects visible jabarrangkul-ant reference only and leaves colour, nest, rotten log, carrying, social/moral teaching, food-finding, marching, and prior-row behavior closed. Living grammar pronoun table lines 2577-2586 sources bare nominatives ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana; demonstrative lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Patz examples at lines 2023 and 2568-2571 give nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 identify past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for sensory perception. Dictionary usage lines 23882-23883 and 23975-23976 independently attest running-form nyajin in complete visual-perception clauses. Rule 317 uses only bare support forms and dictionary-attested nyajin past visual perception.


english: We two, not you, see the kundurr-kundurr crescent perch here.
kuku: Ngali kundurr-kundurr yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngali kundurr-kundurr yaluy nyajil | 1du.excl.NOM kundurr-kundurr.crescent.perch here see.NPST
frame: r318_1du_excl_here_low_fish_see_kundurr_kundurr
words_used: ["ngali", "kundurr-kundurr", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T04:09:03Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T04:10:12Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 15722-15735 give the full reduplicated noun kundurr-kundurr 'crescent perch'. Rule 318 admits that whole dictionary headword as visible fish reference only; it does not derive a productive reduplication or add behavior, habitat, capture, food, or event propositions. Patz pronoun table lines 2577-2582 sources bare nominatives ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana; lines 2674-2684 support their dual/plural, inclusive/exclusive, and person values. Demonstrative lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Lines 3043-3049 give nyaji-l as nonpast 'see', lines 3149-3151 define nonpast present/future function, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for sensory perception. Dictionary lines 24282-24296 independently attest running-form nyajil as a general l-conjugation perception verb including visual 'see'. Rule 318 uses bare support and the visual, present/nonpast reading only.


english: We two, not you, see the kurruba freshwater fish here.
kuku: Ngali kurruba yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngali kurruba yaluy nyajil | 1du.excl.NOM kurruba.freshwater.fish here see.NPST
frame: r318_1du_excl_here_low_fish_see_kurruba
words_used: ["ngali", "kurruba", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T04:09:03Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T04:10:12Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 16537-16545 give kurruba as a noun for a species of freshwater fish. Rule 318 admits visible kurruba-fish reference only and leaves species biology, water habitat, catching, food, and event propositions closed. Patz pronoun table lines 2577-2582 sources bare nominatives ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana; lines 2674-2684 support their dual/plural, inclusive/exclusive, and person values. Demonstrative lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Lines 3043-3049 give nyaji-l as nonpast 'see', lines 3149-3151 define nonpast present/future function, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for sensory perception. Dictionary lines 24282-24296 independently attest running-form nyajil as a general l-conjugation perception verb including visual 'see'. Rule 318 uses bare support and the visual, present/nonpast reading only.


english: We two, not you, see the mangkurr-mangkurr garfish here.
kuku: Ngali mangkurr-mangkurr yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngali mangkurr-mangkurr yaluy nyajil | 1du.excl.NOM mangkurr-mangkurr.garfish here see.NPST
frame: r318_1du_excl_here_low_fish_see_mangkurr_mangkurr
words_used: ["ngali", "mangkurr-mangkurr", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T04:09:03Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T04:10:12Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 17775-17807 give two concordant noun entries for full reduplicated mangkurr-mangkurr 'garfish'. Rule 318 admits the whole dictionary headword as visible garfish reference only; it does not derive productive reduplication or add swimming, habitat, capture, food, shape, or event propositions. Patz pronoun table lines 2577-2582 sources bare nominatives ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana; lines 2674-2684 support their dual/plural, inclusive/exclusive, and person values. Demonstrative lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Lines 3043-3049 give nyaji-l as nonpast 'see', lines 3149-3151 define nonpast present/future function, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for sensory perception. Dictionary lines 24282-24296 independently attest running-form nyajil as a general l-conjugation perception verb including visual 'see'. Rule 318 uses bare support and the visual, present/nonpast reading only.


english: We two, not you, see the murrabal barramundi here.
kuku: Ngali murrabal yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngali murrabal yaluy nyajil | 1du.excl.NOM murrabal.barramundi here see.NPST
frame: r318_1du_excl_here_low_fish_see_murrabal
words_used: ["ngali", "murrabal", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T04:09:03Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T04:10:12Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 20970-20980 give murrabal as the Yalanji noun 'barramundi' and identify Nyungkul kudi as the dialect counterpart. Rule 318 selects visible Yalanji murrabal-barramundi reference only and leaves kudi, dialect substitution, habitat, catching, food, and event propositions closed. Patz pronoun table lines 2577-2582 sources bare nominatives ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana; lines 2674-2684 support their dual/plural, inclusive/exclusive, and person values. Demonstrative lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Lines 3043-3049 give nyaji-l as nonpast 'see', lines 3149-3151 define nonpast present/future function, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for sensory perception. Dictionary lines 24282-24296 independently attest running-form nyajil as a general l-conjugation perception verb including visual 'see'. Rule 318 uses bare support and the visual, present/nonpast reading only.


english: We two, not you, see the ngiwa moray eel here.
kuku: Ngali ngiwa yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngali ngiwa yaluy nyajil | 1du.excl.NOM ngiwa.moray.eel here see.NPST
frame: r318_1du_excl_here_low_fish_see_ngiwa
words_used: ["ngali", "ngiwa", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T04:09:03Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T04:10:12Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 23200-23237 separate a place/snake-story entry from fauna entries giving ngiwa 'moray eel', sometimes also applied to sea snake. Patz line 1722 independently has ngiwa-nda 'salt-water eel'. Rule 318 selects the bare moray-eel noun only and leaves place, stones, story site, sea-snake alternative, location, case, and event propositions closed. Patz pronoun table lines 2577-2582 sources bare nominatives ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana; lines 2674-2684 support their dual/plural, inclusive/exclusive, and person values. Demonstrative lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Lines 3043-3049 give nyaji-l as nonpast 'see', lines 3149-3151 define nonpast present/future function, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for sensory perception. Dictionary lines 24282-24296 independently attest running-form nyajil as a general l-conjugation perception verb including visual 'see'. Rule 318 uses bare support and the visual, present/nonpast reading only.


english: We two, not you, see the dijarr freshwater perch here.
kuku: Ngali dijarr yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngali dijarr yaluy nyajil | 1du.excl.NOM dijarr.freshwater.perch here see.NPST
frame: r318_1du_excl_here_low_fish_see_dijarr
words_used: ["ngali", "dijarr", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T04:09:03Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T04:10:12Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 5552-5577 give dijarr as freshwater fish / freshwater perch, with prose comparing bayi and naming Rossville and Shipton's Flats. Rule 318 selects visible dijarr freshwater-perch reference only and leaves comparison species, distribution, place, habitat, catching, food, and event propositions closed. Patz pronoun table lines 2577-2582 sources bare nominatives ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana; lines 2674-2684 support their dual/plural, inclusive/exclusive, and person values. Demonstrative lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Lines 3043-3049 give nyaji-l as nonpast 'see', lines 3149-3151 define nonpast present/future function, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for sensory perception. Dictionary lines 24282-24296 independently attest running-form nyajil as a general l-conjugation perception verb including visual 'see'. Rule 318 uses bare support and the visual, present/nonpast reading only.


english: We two, not you, see the dukul-barangkal flathead fish here.
kuku: Ngali dukul-barangkal yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngali dukul-barangkal yaluy nyajil | 1du.excl.NOM dukul-barangkal.flathead.fish here see.NPST
frame: r318_1du_excl_here_low_fish_see_dukul_barangkal
words_used: ["ngali", "dukul-barangkal", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T04:09:03Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T04:10:12Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 6312-6323 give lexicalized noun dukul-barangkal 'flathead fish' with synonym dalmbal. Rule 318 admits that exact dictionary compound as one visible fish headword only; it does not decompose the form or add anatomy, shape, synonym, habitat, camouflage, catching, food, or event propositions. Patz pronoun table lines 2577-2582 sources bare nominatives ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana; lines 2674-2684 support their dual/plural, inclusive/exclusive, and person values. Demonstrative lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Lines 3043-3049 give nyaji-l as nonpast 'see', lines 3149-3151 define nonpast present/future function, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for sensory perception. Dictionary lines 24282-24296 independently attest running-form nyajil as a general l-conjugation perception verb including visual 'see'. Rule 318 uses bare support and the visual, present/nonpast reading only.


english: We two, not you, see the jalil-jalil mudskipper here.
kuku: Ngali jalil-jalil yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngali jalil-jalil yaluy nyajil | 1du.excl.NOM jalil-jalil.mudskipper here see.NPST
frame: r318_1du_excl_here_low_fish_see_jalil_jalil
words_used: ["ngali", "jalil-jalil", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T04:09:03Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T04:10:12Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 7406-7419 give the full reduplicated noun jalil-jalil 'mudskipper'. Rule 318 admits the whole dictionary headword as visible fish reference only and does not inherit climbing, water, mangrove-root, tide, feeding, habitat, or behavior propositions from its earlier corpus row. Patz pronoun table lines 2577-2582 sources bare nominatives ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana; lines 2674-2684 support their dual/plural, inclusive/exclusive, and person values. Demonstrative lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Lines 3043-3049 give nyaji-l as nonpast 'see', lines 3149-3151 define nonpast present/future function, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for sensory perception. Dictionary lines 24282-24296 independently attest running-form nyajil as a general l-conjugation perception verb including visual 'see'. Rule 318 uses bare support and the visual, present/nonpast reading only.


english: We two, not you, see the kalu garfish here.
kuku: Ngali kalu yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngali kalu yaluy nyajil | 1du.excl.NOM kalu.garfish here see.NPST
frame: r318_1du_excl_here_low_fish_see_kalu
words_used: ["ngali", "kalu", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T04:09:03Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T04:10:12Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 12886-12905 contain separate noun senses kalu 'garfish' and kalu 'salt water catfish'. Rule 318 selects the established corpus garfish reading only and leaves saltwater-catfish ambiguity, habitat, catching, roasting, eating, food quality, and event propositions closed. Patz pronoun table lines 2577-2582 sources bare nominatives ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana; lines 2674-2684 support their dual/plural, inclusive/exclusive, and person values. Demonstrative lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Lines 3043-3049 give nyaji-l as nonpast 'see', lines 3149-3151 define nonpast present/future function, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for sensory perception. Dictionary lines 24282-24296 independently attest running-form nyajil as a general l-conjugation perception verb including visual 'see'. Rule 318 uses bare support and the visual, present/nonpast reading only.


english: We two, not you, see the mawul eel here.
kuku: Ngali mawul yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngali mawul yaluy nyajil | 1du.excl.NOM mawul.eel here see.NPST
frame: r318_1du_excl_here_low_fish_see_mawul
words_used: ["ngali", "mawul", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T04:09:03Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T04:10:12Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 18775-18796 give mawul 'eel' / small freshwater eel, with prose recording an old-people food restriction. Rule 318 selects visible mawul-eel reference only and leaves size, freshwater habitat, age group, permission, eating, taboo, feeding, body properties, catching, and event propositions closed. Patz pronoun table lines 2577-2582 sources bare nominatives ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana; lines 2674-2684 support their dual/plural, inclusive/exclusive, and person values. Demonstrative lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Lines 3043-3049 give nyaji-l as nonpast 'see', lines 3149-3151 define nonpast present/future function, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for sensory perception. Dictionary lines 24282-24296 independently attest running-form nyajil as a general l-conjugation perception verb including visual 'see'. Rule 318 uses bare support and the visual, present/nonpast reading only.


english: I saw the jalbil lizard there.
kuku: Ngayu jalbil yinyay nyajin.
analysis: ngayu jalbil yinyay nyajin | 1sg.NOM jalbil.lizard there see.PST
frame: r319_1sg_there_low_reptile_saw_jalbil
words_used: ["ngayu", "jalbil", "yinyay", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T04:25:35Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T04:26:37Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 7374-7386 give jalbil a primary noun sense 'black lizard' plus mythological-person/story material involving Snapper Island. Rule 319 selects visible jalbil-lizard reference only and leaves colour, size, mythology, personification, island splitting, cooking story, and event propositions closed. Patz pronoun table lines 2577-2586 sources bare nominatives ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana; demonstrative lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Patz examples at lines 2023 and 2568-2571 give nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 identify past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for sensory perception. Dictionary usage lines 23882-23883 and 23975-23976 independently attest running-form nyajin in complete visual-perception clauses. Rule 319 uses only bare support forms and dictionary-attested nyajin past visual perception.


english: I saw the kalkarrumbarr lizard there.
kuku: Ngayu kalkarrumbarr yinyay nyajin.
analysis: ngayu kalkarrumbarr yinyay nyajin | 1sg.NOM kalkarrumbarr.lizard there see.PST
frame: r319_1sg_there_low_reptile_saw_kalkarrumbarr
words_used: ["ngayu", "kalkarrumbarr", "yinyay", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T04:25:35Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T04:26:37Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 12679-12689 give kalkarrumbarr as a species of large lizard that figures in a legend. Rule 319 selects visible kalkarrumbarr-lizard reference only and leaves size, measurement, legend, role, behavior, and event propositions closed. Patz pronoun table lines 2577-2586 sources bare nominatives ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana; demonstrative lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Patz examples at lines 2023 and 2568-2571 give nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 identify past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for sensory perception. Dictionary usage lines 23882-23883 and 23975-23976 independently attest running-form nyajin in complete visual-perception clauses. Rule 319 uses only bare support forms and dictionary-attested nyajin past visual perception.


english: I saw the kurmba-kurmba lizard there.
kuku: Ngayu kurmba-kurmba yinyay nyajin.
analysis: ngayu kurmba-kurmba yinyay nyajin | 1sg.NOM kurmba-kurmba.lizard there see.PST
frame: r319_1sg_there_low_reptile_saw_kurmba_kurmba
words_used: ["ngayu", "kurmba-kurmba", "yinyay", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T04:25:35Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T04:26:37Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 16154-16169 give full-reduplicated kurmba-kurmba 'slippery lizard' plus a mythological-person and kin/marriage story. Rule 319 admits the whole dictionary head as visible lizard reference only and leaves productive reduplication, slipperiness, personhood, kinship, marriage, desire, place, story, and event propositions closed. Patz pronoun table lines 2577-2586 sources bare nominatives ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana; demonstrative lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Patz examples at lines 2023 and 2568-2571 give nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 identify past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for sensory perception. Dictionary usage lines 23882-23883 and 23975-23976 independently attest running-form nyajin in complete visual-perception clauses. Rule 319 uses only bare support forms and dictionary-attested nyajin past visual perception.


english: I saw the jimalili lizard there.
kuku: Ngayu jimalili yinyay nyajin.
analysis: ngayu jimalili yinyay nyajin | 1sg.NOM jimalili.lizard there see.PST
frame: r319_1sg_there_low_reptile_saw_jimalili
words_used: ["ngayu", "jimalili", "yinyay", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T04:25:35Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T04:26:37Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 9284-9294 give jimalili 'mountain lizard' and prose that it taught people to use the firestick. Rule 319 selects visible jimalili-lizard reference only and leaves mountain habitat, teaching, people, firestick, etymology, cultural story, and event propositions closed. Patz pronoun table lines 2577-2586 sources bare nominatives ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana; demonstrative lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Patz examples at lines 2023 and 2568-2571 give nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 identify past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for sensory perception. Dictionary usage lines 23882-23883 and 23975-23976 independently attest running-form nyajin in complete visual-perception clauses. Rule 319 uses only bare support forms and dictionary-attested nyajin past visual perception.


english: I saw the yuray snake there.
kuku: Ngayu yuray yinyay nyajin.
analysis: ngayu yuray yinyay nyajin | 1sg.NOM yuray.snake there see.PST
frame: r319_1sg_there_low_reptile_saw_yuray
words_used: ["ngayu", "yuray", "yinyay", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T04:25:35Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T04:26:37Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 31016-31033 give two concordant noun entries yuray 'sea snake' / species of snake. Rule 319 selects visible yuray-snake reference only and leaves sea habitat, swimming, danger, touching, food, behavior, and event propositions closed. Patz pronoun table lines 2577-2586 sources bare nominatives ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana; demonstrative lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Patz examples at lines 2023 and 2568-2571 give nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 identify past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for sensory perception. Dictionary usage lines 23882-23883 and 23975-23976 independently attest running-form nyajin in complete visual-perception clauses. Rule 319 uses only bare support forms and dictionary-attested nyajin past visual perception.


english: I saw the bakay snake there.
kuku: Ngayu bakay yinyay nyajin.
analysis: ngayu bakay yinyay nyajin | 1sg.NOM bakay.snake there see.PST
frame: r319_1sg_there_low_reptile_saw_bakay
words_used: ["ngayu", "bakay", "yinyay", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T04:25:35Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T04:26:37Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 635-653 give two concordant water-snake entries, with source colour and size descriptions. Rule 319 selects visible bakay-snake reference only and leaves water habitat, size, colour, swimming, fish-seeking, lagoon/creek, danger, and event propositions closed. Patz pronoun table lines 2577-2586 sources bare nominatives ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana; demonstrative lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Patz examples at lines 2023 and 2568-2571 give nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 identify past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for sensory perception. Dictionary usage lines 23882-23883 and 23975-23976 independently attest running-form nyajin in complete visual-perception clauses. Rule 319 uses only bare support forms and dictionary-attested nyajin past visual perception.


english: I saw the kungkun snake there.
kuku: Ngayu kungkun yinyay nyajin.
analysis: ngayu kungkun yinyay nyajin | 1sg.NOM kungkun.snake there see.PST
frame: r319_1sg_there_low_reptile_saw_kungkun
words_used: ["ngayu", "kungkun", "yinyay", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T04:25:35Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T04:26:37Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 15748-15768 give kungkun as carpet snake / North Queensland python and, in a separate entry, brown tree snake. Rule 319 selects the shared visible snake reading only and leaves species resolution, colour, tree/habitat, geography, danger, eating/food, behavior, and event propositions closed. Patz pronoun table lines 2577-2586 sources bare nominatives ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana; demonstrative lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Patz examples at lines 2023 and 2568-2571 give nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 identify past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for sensory perception. Dictionary usage lines 23882-23883 and 23975-23976 independently attest running-form nyajin in complete visual-perception clauses. Rule 319 uses only bare support forms and dictionary-attested nyajin past visual perception.


english: I saw the bilbil-bilbil gecko there.
kuku: Ngayu bilbil-bilbil yinyay nyajin.
analysis: ngayu bilbil-bilbil yinyay nyajin | 1sg.NOM bilbil-bilbil.gecko there see.PST
frame: r319_1sg_there_low_reptile_saw_bilbil_bilbil
words_used: ["ngayu", "bilbil-bilbil", "yinyay", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T04:25:35Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T04:26:37Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 2529-2542 give full-reduplicated bilbil-bilbil 'gecko'. Rule 319 admits the whole dictionary head as visible gecko reference only and does not derive productive reduplication or inherit size, bark/shelter, night, sound, feeding, insect, friendship, habitat, or behavior from earlier rows. Patz pronoun table lines 2577-2586 sources bare nominatives ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana; demonstrative lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Patz examples at lines 2023 and 2568-2571 give nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 identify past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for sensory perception. Dictionary usage lines 23882-23883 and 23975-23976 independently attest running-form nyajin in complete visual-perception clauses. Rule 319 uses only bare support forms and dictionary-attested nyajin past visual perception.


english: I saw the bajalji python there.
kuku: Ngayu bajalji yinyay nyajin.
analysis: ngayu bajalji yinyay nyajin | 1sg.NOM bajalji.python there see.PST
frame: r319_1sg_there_low_reptile_saw_bajalji
words_used: ["ngayu", "bajalji", "yinyay", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T04:25:35Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T04:26:37Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 387-409 give bajalji a rock-python entry with distribution and lore, plus a poisonous-snake entry tied to Rossville/Shipton's Fault. Rule 319 selects the directly attested python reading only and leaves poison, distribution, place, colour/head, chasing/baldness/hat lore, danger, hunting, teaching, habitat, food, and event propositions closed. Patz pronoun table lines 2577-2586 sources bare nominatives ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana; demonstrative lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Patz examples at lines 2023 and 2568-2571 give nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 identify past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for sensory perception. Dictionary usage lines 23882-23883 and 23975-23976 independently attest running-form nyajin in complete visual-perception clauses. Rule 319 uses only bare support forms and dictionary-attested nyajin past visual perception.


english: I saw the jabil lizard there.
kuku: Ngayu jabil yinyay nyajin.
analysis: ngayu jabil yinyay nyajin | 1sg.NOM jabil.lizard there see.PST
frame: r319_1sg_there_low_reptile_saw_jabil
words_used: ["ngayu", "jabil", "yinyay", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T04:25:35Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T04:26:37Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 6929-6951 separate transitive verb jabil 'kick' from homophonous noun jabil 'scrub lizard'. Rule 319 selects the noun's visible lizard reading only and leaves the kick verb, scrub habitat, catching, warmth/rock/day, release, prior-row behavior, and event propositions closed. Token coverage includes four verb-sense rows and one earlier noun-sense row, so sense debt is greater than the raw token count suggests. Patz pronoun table lines 2577-2586 sources bare nominatives ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana; demonstrative lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Patz examples at lines 2023 and 2568-2571 give nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 identify past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for sensory perception. Dictionary usage lines 23882-23883 and 23975-23976 independently attest running-form nyajin in complete visual-perception clauses. Rule 319 uses only bare support forms and dictionary-attested nyajin past visual perception.


english: We two, not you, see the bikarrakal fruit here.
kuku: Ngali bikarrakal yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngali bikarrakal yaluy nyajil | 1du.excl.NOM bikarrakal.fruit here see.NPST
frame: r320_1du_excl_here_zero_flora_see_bikarrakal
words_used: ["ngali", "bikarrakal", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T04:41:32Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T04:42:30Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 2369-2380 give bikarrakal a flora sense 'bikarrakal fruit' / species of tree and its fruit, alongside a grub-used-for-bait definition and cooking requirement. Rule 320 selects visible bikarrakal-fruit reference only and leaves grub, bait, tree, cooking, edibility, preparation, use, and event propositions closed. Patz pronoun table lines 2577-2582 sources bare nominatives ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana; lines 2674-2684 support their dual/plural, inclusive/exclusive, and person values. Demonstrative lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Lines 3043-3049 give nyaji-l as nonpast 'see', lines 3149-3151 define nonpast present/future function, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for sensory perception. Dictionary lines 24282-24296 independently attest running-form nyajil as a general l-conjugation perception verb including visual 'see'. Rule 320 uses bare support and the visual, present/nonpast reading only.


english: We two, not you, see the dikirr waterlily here.
kuku: Ngali dikirr yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngali dikirr yaluy nyajil | 1du.excl.NOM dikirr.waterlily here see.NPST
frame: r320_1du_excl_here_zero_flora_see_dikirr
words_used: ["ngali", "dikirr", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T04:41:32Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T04:42:30Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 5674-5685 give dikirr 'waterlily' / water flower and note edibility. Rule 320 selects visible dikirr-waterlily reference only and leaves edibility, food, collection, preparation, aquatic habitat, flower-part analysis, and event propositions closed. Patz pronoun table lines 2577-2582 sources bare nominatives ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana; lines 2674-2684 support their dual/plural, inclusive/exclusive, and person values. Demonstrative lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Lines 3043-3049 give nyaji-l as nonpast 'see', lines 3149-3151 define nonpast present/future function, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for sensory perception. Dictionary lines 24282-24296 independently attest running-form nyajil as a general l-conjugation perception verb including visual 'see'. Rule 320 uses bare support and the visual, present/nonpast reading only.


english: We two, not you, see the dukul-dukul bush here.
kuku: Ngali dukul-dukul yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngali dukul-dukul yaluy nyajil | 1du.excl.NOM dukul-dukul.bush here see.NPST
frame: r320_1du_excl_here_zero_flora_see_dukul_dukul
words_used: ["ngali", "dukul-dukul", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T04:41:32Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T04:42:30Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 6332-6346 give full-reduplicated dukul-dukul 'broad-leafed bush' used to cover a dirt oven. Rule 320 admits the whole dictionary head as visible bush reference only and leaves productive reduplication, leaf properties, oven/kurrma, covering, cooking, material use, and event propositions closed. Patz pronoun table lines 2577-2582 sources bare nominatives ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana; lines 2674-2684 support their dual/plural, inclusive/exclusive, and person values. Demonstrative lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Lines 3043-3049 give nyaji-l as nonpast 'see', lines 3149-3151 define nonpast present/future function, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for sensory perception. Dictionary lines 24282-24296 independently attest running-form nyajil as a general l-conjugation perception verb including visual 'see'. Rule 320 uses bare support and the visual, present/nonpast reading only.


english: We two, not you, see the kakarr grass here.
kuku: Ngali kakarr yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngali kakarr yaluy nyajil | 1du.excl.NOM kakarr.grass here see.NPST
frame: r320_1du_excl_here_zero_flora_see_kakarr
words_used: ["ngali", "kakarr", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T04:41:32Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T04:42:30Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 12122-12136 give kakarr a primary noun sense 'grass' plus extended blanket and year/counting-unit senses. Rule 320 selects visible kakarr-grass reference only and leaves blanket, lying/use, year, counting, number, time, and event propositions closed. Patz pronoun table lines 2577-2582 sources bare nominatives ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana; lines 2674-2684 support their dual/plural, inclusive/exclusive, and person values. Demonstrative lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Lines 3043-3049 give nyaji-l as nonpast 'see', lines 3149-3151 define nonpast present/future function, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for sensory perception. Dictionary lines 24282-24296 independently attest running-form nyajil as a general l-conjugation perception verb including visual 'see'. Rule 320 uses bare support and the visual, present/nonpast reading only.


english: We two, not you, see the kalkurr yam here.
kuku: Ngali kalkurr yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngali kalkurr yaluy nyajil | 1du.excl.NOM kalkurr.yam here see.NPST
frame: r320_1du_excl_here_zero_flora_see_kalkurr
words_used: ["ngali", "kalkurr", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T04:41:32Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T04:42:30Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 12741-12752 give kalkurr as a species of wild yam / yam and identify it as a food plant. Rule 320 selects visible kalkurr-yam reference only and leaves wildness, species taxonomy, food, edibility, tuber, gathering, preparation, and event propositions closed. Patz pronoun table lines 2577-2582 sources bare nominatives ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana; lines 2674-2684 support their dual/plural, inclusive/exclusive, and person values. Demonstrative lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Lines 3043-3049 give nyaji-l as nonpast 'see', lines 3149-3151 define nonpast present/future function, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for sensory perception. Dictionary lines 24282-24296 independently attest running-form nyajil as a general l-conjugation perception verb including visual 'see'. Rule 320 uses bare support and the visual, present/nonpast reading only.


english: We two, not you, see the marrku fruit here.
kuku: Ngali marrku yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngali marrku yaluy nyajil | 1du.excl.NOM marrku.fruit here see.NPST
frame: r320_1du_excl_here_zero_flora_see_marrku
words_used: ["ngali", "marrku", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T04:41:32Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T04:42:30Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 18676-18687 give marrku 'native cherry' / edible wild cherry, with prose about seeds, low beach growth, and a shiny leaf. Rule 320 selects visible marrku-fruit reference only and leaves edibility, food, wild/native property, cherry comparison, seed number, beach habitat, growth, leaf, shine, and event propositions closed. Patz pronoun table lines 2577-2582 sources bare nominatives ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana; lines 2674-2684 support their dual/plural, inclusive/exclusive, and person values. Demonstrative lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Lines 3043-3049 give nyaji-l as nonpast 'see', lines 3149-3151 define nonpast present/future function, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for sensory perception. Dictionary lines 24282-24296 independently attest running-form nyajil as a general l-conjugation perception verb including visual 'see'. Rule 320 uses bare support and the visual, present/nonpast reading only.


english: We two, not you, see the milmarr cane here.
kuku: Ngali milmarr yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngali milmarr yaluy nyajil | 1du.excl.NOM milmarr.cane here see.NPST
frame: r320_1du_excl_here_zero_flora_see_milmarr
words_used: ["ngali", "milmarr", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T04:41:32Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T04:42:30Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 19536-19547 give milmarr 'cane' / edible lawyer cane. Rule 320 selects visible milmarr-cane reference only and leaves lawyer-cane subtype, edibility, food, gathering, weaving/material use, preparation, and event propositions closed. Patz pronoun table lines 2577-2582 sources bare nominatives ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana; lines 2674-2684 support their dual/plural, inclusive/exclusive, and person values. Demonstrative lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Lines 3043-3049 give nyaji-l as nonpast 'see', lines 3149-3151 define nonpast present/future function, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for sensory perception. Dictionary lines 24282-24296 independently attest running-form nyajil as a general l-conjugation perception verb including visual 'see'. Rule 320 uses bare support and the visual, present/nonpast reading only.


english: We two, not you, see the warrabuka yam here.
kuku: Ngali warrabuka yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngali warrabuka yaluy nyajil | 1du.excl.NOM warrabuka.yam here see.NPST
frame: r320_1du_excl_here_zero_flora_see_warrabuka
words_used: ["ngali", "warrabuka", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T04:41:32Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T04:42:30Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 26560-26570 give warrabuka as a species of wild yam / food plant. Rule 320 selects visible warrabuka-yam reference only and leaves wildness, taxonomy, food, edibility, tuber, gathering, preparation, and event propositions closed. Patz pronoun table lines 2577-2582 sources bare nominatives ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana; lines 2674-2684 support their dual/plural, inclusive/exclusive, and person values. Demonstrative lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Lines 3043-3049 give nyaji-l as nonpast 'see', lines 3149-3151 define nonpast present/future function, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for sensory perception. Dictionary lines 24282-24296 independently attest running-form nyajil as a general l-conjugation perception verb including visual 'see'. Rule 320 uses bare support and the visual, present/nonpast reading only.


english: We two, not you, see the wubali yam here.
kuku: Ngali wubali yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngali wubali yaluy nyajil | 1du.excl.NOM wubali.yam here see.NPST
frame: r320_1du_excl_here_zero_flora_see_wubali
words_used: ["ngali", "wubali", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T04:41:32Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T04:42:30Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 27436-27446 give wubali as a species of yam / edible tuber. Rule 320 selects visible wubali-yam reference only and leaves taxonomy, edibility, food, tuber, gathering, preparation, and event propositions closed. Patz pronoun table lines 2577-2582 sources bare nominatives ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana; lines 2674-2684 support their dual/plural, inclusive/exclusive, and person values. Demonstrative lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Lines 3043-3049 give nyaji-l as nonpast 'see', lines 3149-3151 define nonpast present/future function, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for sensory perception. Dictionary lines 24282-24296 independently attest running-form nyajil as a general l-conjugation perception verb including visual 'see'. Rule 320 uses bare support and the visual, present/nonpast reading only.


english: We two, not you, see the wulku fig here.
kuku: Ngali wulku yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngali wulku yaluy nyajil | 1du.excl.NOM wulku.fig here see.NPST
frame: r320_1du_excl_here_zero_flora_see_wulku
words_used: ["ngali", "wulku", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T04:41:32Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T04:42:30Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 27854-27862 give wulku directly as noun 'fig'. Rule 320 selects visible wulku-fig reference only and adds no fruit-part, tree, edibility, food, colour, ripeness, collection, preparation, or event proposition. Patz pronoun table lines 2577-2582 sources bare nominatives ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana; lines 2674-2684 support their dual/plural, inclusive/exclusive, and person values. Demonstrative lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Lines 3043-3049 give nyaji-l as nonpast 'see', lines 3149-3151 define nonpast present/future function, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for sensory perception. Dictionary lines 24282-24296 independently attest running-form nyajil as a general l-conjugation perception verb including visual 'see'. Rule 320 uses bare support and the visual, present/nonpast reading only.


english: I saw the binjurr-binjurr honeyeater there.
kuku: Ngayu binjurr-binjurr yinyay nyajin.
analysis: ngayu binjurr-binjurr yinyay nyajin | 1sg.NOM binjurr.binjurr.honeyeater there see.PST
frame: r321_1sg_there_zero_low_bird_saw_binjurr_binjurr
words_used: ["ngayu", "binjurr-binjurr", "yinyay", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T05:05:03Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T05:06:29Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 3049-3062 give the exact hyphenated noun binjurr-binjurr as a species of honey eater. Rule 321 uses visible binjurr-binjurr honeyeater reference only; it does not equate the head with solid binjurrbinjurr, assert robin identity, or import feeding, honey, call, habitat, color, or behavior. Patz grammar lines 2577-2582 source bare nominatives ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana/iana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Patz example 67b at lines 2021-2024 directly gives Ngayu ... nyaji-ny 'I saw ...', lines 3160-3162 define past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for sensory perception. Dictionary usage lines 23876-23883 and 23968-23976 independently attest running-form nyajin in complete visual-perception clauses. Exact searches found none of the ten target heads in Patz; their lexical evidence therefore comes from the dictionary, while Patz supplies the construction. Rule 321 uses only bare support and past visual perception.


english: I saw the bujarr-bujarr bird there.
kuku: Ngayu bujarr-bujarr yinyay nyajin.
analysis: ngayu bujarr-bujarr yinyay nyajin | 1sg.NOM bujarr.bujarr.bird there see.PST
frame: r321_1sg_there_zero_low_bird_saw_bujarr_bujarr
words_used: ["ngayu", "bujarr-bujarr", "yinyay", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.84
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T05:05:03Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T05:06:29Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 3615-3628 give the populated fauna-bird entry bujarr-bujarr with gloss and definition 'black bird'; lines 3606-3614 are an empty duplicate record. Rule 321 uses the whole lexicalized head as bujarr-bujarr bird reference only and does not turn the source gloss into a productive black-color predicate or import call, habitat, behavior, or event content. Patz grammar lines 2577-2582 source bare nominatives ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana/iana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Patz example 67b at lines 2021-2024 directly gives Ngayu ... nyaji-ny 'I saw ...', lines 3160-3162 define past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for sensory perception. Dictionary usage lines 23876-23883 and 23968-23976 independently attest running-form nyajin in complete visual-perception clauses. Exact searches found none of the ten target heads in Patz; their lexical evidence therefore comes from the dictionary, while Patz supplies the construction. Rule 321 uses only bare support and past visual perception.


english: I saw the dakwul-dakwul scrub bird there.
kuku: Ngayu dakwul-dakwul yinyay nyajin.
analysis: ngayu dakwul-dakwul yinyay nyajin | 1sg.NOM dakwul.dakwul.scrub.bird there see.PST
frame: r321_1sg_there_zero_low_bird_saw_dakwul_dakwul
words_used: ["ngayu", "dakwul-dakwul", "yinyay", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T05:05:03Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T05:06:29Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 4703-4732 give dakwul-dakwul as a brown-and-white scrub bird and include display prose. Rule 321 selects visible dakwul-dakwul scrub-bird reference only and leaves color, sex, head/eye anatomy, clearing, group, circle, singing, dancing, display, habitat, and event propositions closed. Patz grammar lines 2577-2582 source bare nominatives ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana/iana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Patz example 67b at lines 2021-2024 directly gives Ngayu ... nyaji-ny 'I saw ...', lines 3160-3162 define past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for sensory perception. Dictionary usage lines 23876-23883 and 23968-23976 independently attest running-form nyajin in complete visual-perception clauses. Exact searches found none of the ten target heads in Patz; their lexical evidence therefore comes from the dictionary, while Patz supplies the construction. Rule 321 uses only bare support and past visual perception.


english: I saw the dibirr-dibirr rainbow bird there.
kuku: Ngayu dibirr-dibirr yinyay nyajin.
analysis: ngayu dibirr-dibirr yinyay nyajin | 1sg.NOM dibirr.dibirr.rainbow.bird there see.PST
frame: r321_1sg_there_zero_low_bird_saw_dibirr_dibirr
words_used: ["ngayu", "dibirr-dibirr", "yinyay", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T05:05:03Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T05:06:29Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 5452-5466 give the exact hyphenated noun dibirr-dibirr as 'rainbow bird'. Rule 321 uses that lexical common-name reference only and does not equate it with solid dibirrdibirr, assert honeyeater identity, or import color, rainbow appearance, call, iconicity, onomatopoeia, behavior, or event content. Patz grammar lines 2577-2582 source bare nominatives ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana/iana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Patz example 67b at lines 2021-2024 directly gives Ngayu ... nyaji-ny 'I saw ...', lines 3160-3162 define past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for sensory perception. Dictionary usage lines 23876-23883 and 23968-23976 independently attest running-form nyajin in complete visual-perception clauses. Exact searches found none of the ten target heads in Patz; their lexical evidence therefore comes from the dictionary, while Patz supplies the construction. Rule 321 uses only bare support and past visual perception.


english: I saw the julurr-julurr moomoo bird there.
kuku: Ngayu julurr-julurr yinyay nyajin.
analysis: ngayu julurr-julurr yinyay nyajin | 1sg.NOM julurr.julurr.moomoo.bird there see.PST
frame: r321_1sg_there_zero_low_bird_saw_julurr_julurr
words_used: ["ngayu", "julurr-julurr", "yinyay", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.84
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T05:05:03Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T05:06:29Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 10719-10750 give julurr-julurr as 'moomoo bird' and variously identify owl, night owl, or night hawk. Rule 321 preserves the source-local label moomoo bird without resolving species and leaves owl/night-hawk equivalence, nocturnality, call, omen, habitat, behavior, and event propositions closed. Patz grammar lines 2577-2582 source bare nominatives ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana/iana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Patz example 67b at lines 2021-2024 directly gives Ngayu ... nyaji-ny 'I saw ...', lines 3160-3162 define past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for sensory perception. Dictionary usage lines 23876-23883 and 23968-23976 independently attest running-form nyajin in complete visual-perception clauses. Exact searches found none of the ten target heads in Patz; their lexical evidence therefore comes from the dictionary, while Patz supplies the construction. Rule 321 uses only bare support and past visual perception.


english: I saw the muya bird there.
kuku: Ngayu muya yinyay nyajin.
analysis: ngayu muya yinyay nyajin | 1sg.NOM muya.bird there see.PST
frame: r321_1sg_there_zero_low_bird_saw_muya
words_used: ["ngayu", "muya", "yinyay", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.84
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T05:05:03Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T05:06:29Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 21330-21351 classify muya as a kind of bird while explicitly recording that its English name is unknown. Rule 321 therefore translates only 'muya bird' and makes no species, appearance, sound, habitat, behavior, use, or event claim. Patz grammar lines 2577-2582 source bare nominatives ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana/iana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Patz example 67b at lines 2021-2024 directly gives Ngayu ... nyaji-ny 'I saw ...', lines 3160-3162 define past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for sensory perception. Dictionary usage lines 23876-23883 and 23968-23976 independently attest running-form nyajin in complete visual-perception clauses. Exact searches found none of the ten target heads in Patz; their lexical evidence therefore comes from the dictionary, while Patz supplies the construction. Rule 321 uses only bare support and past visual perception.


english: I saw the juril-juril seashore plover there.
kuku: Ngayu juril-juril yinyay nyajin.
analysis: ngayu juril-juril yinyay nyajin | 1sg.NOM juril.juril.seashore.plover there see.PST
frame: r321_1sg_there_zero_low_bird_saw_juril_juril
words_used: ["ngayu", "juril-juril", "yinyay", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T05:05:03Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T05:06:29Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 11199-11227 give juril-juril directly as seashore plover. Rule 321 uses visible juril-juril plover reference only and does not import the homophonous verb juril 'eject', beach/water habitat, running, feeding, crab, tide, flock, nest, call, or prior-corpus event propositions. Patz grammar lines 2577-2582 source bare nominatives ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana/iana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Patz example 67b at lines 2021-2024 directly gives Ngayu ... nyaji-ny 'I saw ...', lines 3160-3162 define past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for sensory perception. Dictionary usage lines 23876-23883 and 23968-23976 independently attest running-form nyajin in complete visual-perception clauses. Exact searches found none of the ten target heads in Patz; their lexical evidence therefore comes from the dictionary, while Patz supplies the construction. Rule 321 uses only bare support and past visual perception.


english: I saw the dawa-dawa magpie there.
kuku: Ngayu dawa-dawa yinyay nyajin.
analysis: ngayu dawa-dawa yinyay nyajin | 1sg.NOM dawa.dawa.magpie there see.PST
frame: r321_1sg_there_zero_low_bird_saw_dawa_dawa
words_used: ["ngayu", "dawa-dawa", "yinyay", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T05:05:03Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T05:06:29Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 5340-5354 give the exact hyphenated noun dawa-dawa as a species of magpie and distinguish solid dawadawa as a compared form. Rule 321 uses visible dawa-dawa magpie reference only and does not import song, call, dawn/time, weather, message, country, flock, habitat, behavior, or prior-corpus event propositions. Patz grammar lines 2577-2582 source bare nominatives ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana/iana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Patz example 67b at lines 2021-2024 directly gives Ngayu ... nyaji-ny 'I saw ...', lines 3160-3162 define past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for sensory perception. Dictionary usage lines 23876-23883 and 23968-23976 independently attest running-form nyajin in complete visual-perception clauses. Exact searches found none of the ten target heads in Patz; their lexical evidence therefore comes from the dictionary, while Patz supplies the construction. Rule 321 uses only bare support and past visual perception.


english: I saw the bulnja frogmouth there.
kuku: Ngayu bulnja yinyay nyajin.
analysis: ngayu bulnja yinyay nyajin | 1sg.NOM bulnja.frogmouth there see.PST
frame: r321_1sg_there_zero_low_bird_saw_bulnja
words_used: ["ngayu", "bulnja", "yinyay", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T05:05:03Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T05:06:29Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 3893-3909 contain an empty duplicate and a populated fauna-bird entry identifying bulnja as frogmouth/mopoke. Rule 321 selects visible bulnja frogmouth reference only and leaves mopoke synonymy, nocturnality, branch posture, camouflage, mouth/anatomy, feeding, insects, warning, call, habitat, behavior, and prior-corpus events closed. Patz grammar lines 2577-2582 source bare nominatives ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana/iana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Patz example 67b at lines 2021-2024 directly gives Ngayu ... nyaji-ny 'I saw ...', lines 3160-3162 define past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for sensory perception. Dictionary usage lines 23876-23883 and 23968-23976 independently attest running-form nyajin in complete visual-perception clauses. Exact searches found none of the ten target heads in Patz; their lexical evidence therefore comes from the dictionary, while Patz supplies the construction. Rule 321 uses only bare support and past visual perception.


english: I saw the jinabiju goshawk there.
kuku: Ngayu jinabiju yinyay nyajin.
analysis: ngayu jinabiju yinyay nyajin | 1sg.NOM jinabiju.goshawk there see.PST
frame: r321_1sg_there_zero_low_bird_saw_jinabiju
words_used: ["ngayu", "jinabiju", "yinyay", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T05:05:03Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T05:06:29Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 9327-9347 identify jinabiju as chicken hawk/goshawk. Rule 321 uses the conservative goshawk label in visible reference only and leaves chicken/chick, hunting, snatching, flight, wind, diving, prey, silence, warning, habitat, body-part, behavior, and prior-corpus event propositions closed. Patz grammar lines 2577-2582 source bare nominatives ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana/iana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Patz example 67b at lines 2021-2024 directly gives Ngayu ... nyaji-ny 'I saw ...', lines 3160-3162 define past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for sensory perception. Dictionary usage lines 23876-23883 and 23968-23976 independently attest running-form nyajin in complete visual-perception clauses. Exact searches found none of the ten target heads in Patz; their lexical evidence therefore comes from the dictionary, while Patz supplies the construction. Rule 321 uses only bare support and past visual perception.


english: We two, not you, see the dalkari bladder here.
kuku: Ngali dalkari yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngali dalkari yaluy nyajil | 1du.excl.NOM dalkari.bladder here see.NPST
frame: r322_1du_excl_here_zero_anatomy_see_dalkari
words_used: ["ngali", "dalkari", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T05:26:30Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T05:27:44Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 4857-4865 give dalkari directly as noun 'bladder'. Rule 322 uses visible dalkari-bladder reference only and leaves possession, person/animal attribution, urine, excretion, pain, illness, medicine, surgery, butchery, use, and event propositions closed. Patz grammar line 1476 classifies external and internal body parts and bodily excretions as nouns. Examples at lines 4761-4771 and 5431 show bare body-part nouns jina 'foot', yimbi 'lips', and mara 'hand' without an overt possessive suffix when the possessor is contextually recoverable; section 4.5.2 at lines 5898-5917 distinguishes optional possessive/appositional constructions when possession itself is asserted. Rule 322 asserts no possessor. Patz pronoun lines 2577-2582 and person-number discussion 2674-2684 source bare nominatives ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Lines 3043-3049 give nonpast nyaji-l, lines 3149-3151 define present/future nonpast function, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for sensory perception. Dictionary lines 24282-24296 independently attest running-form nyajil and its visual sense. Exact Patz searches found waral once and the other nine target heads nowhere; all target lexical identities remain dictionary-anchored.


english: We two, not you, see the diburr-miyil eyeball here.
kuku: Ngali diburr-miyil yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngali diburr-miyil yaluy nyajil | 1du.excl.NOM diburr.miyil.eyeball here see.NPST
frame: r322_1du_excl_here_zero_anatomy_see_diburr_miyil
words_used: ["ngali", "diburr-miyil", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T05:26:30Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T05:27:44Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 5502-5512 give the exact compound head diburr-miyil 'eyeball' and analyze diburr 'seed/egg' plus miyil 'eye'. Rule 322 admits only the whole eyeball head; it does not license decomposition, productive compounding, seed/egg or eye-part claims, possession, injury, vision state, medicine, use, or event propositions. Patz grammar line 1476 classifies external and internal body parts and bodily excretions as nouns. Examples at lines 4761-4771 and 5431 show bare body-part nouns jina 'foot', yimbi 'lips', and mara 'hand' without an overt possessive suffix when the possessor is contextually recoverable; section 4.5.2 at lines 5898-5917 distinguishes optional possessive/appositional constructions when possession itself is asserted. Rule 322 asserts no possessor. Patz pronoun lines 2577-2582 and person-number discussion 2674-2684 source bare nominatives ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Lines 3043-3049 give nonpast nyaji-l, lines 3149-3151 define present/future nonpast function, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for sensory perception. Dictionary lines 24282-24296 independently attest running-form nyajil and its visual sense. Exact Patz searches found waral once and the other nine target heads nowhere; all target lexical identities remain dictionary-anchored.


english: We two, not you, see the jadalangka animal leg here.
kuku: Ngali jadalangka yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngali jadalangka yaluy nyajil | 1du.excl.NOM jadalangka.animal.leg here see.NPST
frame: r322_1du_excl_here_zero_anatomy_see_jadalangka
words_used: ["ngali", "jadalangka", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T05:26:30Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T05:27:44Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 6975-6985 give jadalangka directly as noun 'leg of a beast'. Rule 322 uses the conservative English label animal leg and leaves species, possession, movement, injury, butchery, food, hunting, cutting, carrying, use, and event propositions closed. Patz grammar line 1476 classifies external and internal body parts and bodily excretions as nouns. Examples at lines 4761-4771 and 5431 show bare body-part nouns jina 'foot', yimbi 'lips', and mara 'hand' without an overt possessive suffix when the possessor is contextually recoverable; section 4.5.2 at lines 5898-5917 distinguishes optional possessive/appositional constructions when possession itself is asserted. Rule 322 asserts no possessor. Patz pronoun lines 2577-2582 and person-number discussion 2674-2684 source bare nominatives ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Lines 3043-3049 give nonpast nyaji-l, lines 3149-3151 define present/future nonpast function, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for sensory perception. Dictionary lines 24282-24296 independently attest running-form nyajil and its visual sense. Exact Patz searches found waral once and the other nine target heads nowhere; all target lexical identities remain dictionary-anchored.


english: We two, not you, see the mijan wart here.
kuku: Ngali mijan yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngali mijan yaluy nyajil | 1du.excl.NOM mijan.wart here see.NPST
frame: r322_1du_excl_here_zero_anatomy_see_mijan
words_used: ["ngali", "mijan", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T05:26:30Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T05:27:44Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 18891-18899 give mijan directly as noun 'wart'. Rule 322 uses visible mijan-wart reference only and leaves possession, body location, pain, illness, contagion, medicine, removal, treatment, size, number, property, and event propositions closed. Patz grammar line 1476 classifies external and internal body parts and bodily excretions as nouns. Examples at lines 4761-4771 and 5431 show bare body-part nouns jina 'foot', yimbi 'lips', and mara 'hand' without an overt possessive suffix when the possessor is contextually recoverable; section 4.5.2 at lines 5898-5917 distinguishes optional possessive/appositional constructions when possession itself is asserted. Rule 322 asserts no possessor. Patz pronoun lines 2577-2582 and person-number discussion 2674-2684 source bare nominatives ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Lines 3043-3049 give nonpast nyaji-l, lines 3149-3151 define present/future nonpast function, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for sensory perception. Dictionary lines 24282-24296 independently attest running-form nyajil and its visual sense. Exact Patz searches found waral once and the other nine target heads nowhere; all target lexical identities remain dictionary-anchored.


english: We two, not you, see the mungka-dirka fur here.
kuku: Ngali mungka-dirka yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngali mungka-dirka yaluy nyajil | 1du.excl.NOM mungka.dirka.fur here see.NPST
frame: r322_1du_excl_here_zero_anatomy_see_mungka_dirka
words_used: ["ngali", "mungka-dirka", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T05:26:30Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T05:27:44Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 20646-20656 give the exact compound head mungka-dirka 'fur' and note mungka 'hair'. Rule 322 admits only the whole fur head; it does not license decomposition, productive compounding, animal/species source, possession, colour, texture, clothing/material use, removal, hunting, or event propositions. Patz grammar line 1476 classifies external and internal body parts and bodily excretions as nouns. Examples at lines 4761-4771 and 5431 show bare body-part nouns jina 'foot', yimbi 'lips', and mara 'hand' without an overt possessive suffix when the possessor is contextually recoverable; section 4.5.2 at lines 5898-5917 distinguishes optional possessive/appositional constructions when possession itself is asserted. Rule 322 asserts no possessor. Patz pronoun lines 2577-2582 and person-number discussion 2674-2684 source bare nominatives ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Lines 3043-3049 give nonpast nyaji-l, lines 3149-3151 define present/future nonpast function, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for sensory perception. Dictionary lines 24282-24296 independently attest running-form nyajil and its visual sense. Exact Patz searches found waral once and the other nine target heads nowhere; all target lexical identities remain dictionary-anchored.


english: We two, not you, see the murrka scar here.
kuku: Ngali murrka yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngali murrka yaluy nyajil | 1du.excl.NOM murrka.scar here see.NPST
frame: r322_1du_excl_here_zero_anatomy_see_murrka
words_used: ["ngali", "murrka", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.85
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T05:26:30Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T05:27:44Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 21045-21057 give murrka 'scar, scab, initiation marks' and explicitly distinguish it from an open wound. Rule 322 selects visible scar reference only and leaves scab, initiation/scarification, ritual, possession, injury cause, open wound, pain, medicine, healing, cultural practice, and event propositions closed. Patz grammar line 1476 classifies external and internal body parts and bodily excretions as nouns. Examples at lines 4761-4771 and 5431 show bare body-part nouns jina 'foot', yimbi 'lips', and mara 'hand' without an overt possessive suffix when the possessor is contextually recoverable; section 4.5.2 at lines 5898-5917 distinguishes optional possessive/appositional constructions when possession itself is asserted. Rule 322 asserts no possessor. Patz pronoun lines 2577-2582 and person-number discussion 2674-2684 source bare nominatives ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Lines 3043-3049 give nonpast nyaji-l, lines 3149-3151 define present/future nonpast function, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for sensory perception. Dictionary lines 24282-24296 independently attest running-form nyajil and its visual sense. Exact Patz searches found waral once and the other nine target heads nowhere; all target lexical identities remain dictionary-anchored.


english: We two, not you, see the nyirribulu appendix here.
kuku: Ngali nyirribulu yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngali nyirribulu yaluy nyajil | 1du.excl.NOM nyirribulu.appendix here see.NPST
frame: r322_1du_excl_here_zero_anatomy_see_nyirribulu
words_used: ["ngali", "nyirribulu", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T05:26:30Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T05:27:44Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 24623-24631 give nyirribulu directly as noun 'appendix'. Rule 322 uses visible appendix reference only and leaves possession, person/animal attribution, pain, illness, inflammation, diagnosis, surgery, medicine, butchery, function, and event propositions closed. Patz grammar line 1476 classifies external and internal body parts and bodily excretions as nouns. Examples at lines 4761-4771 and 5431 show bare body-part nouns jina 'foot', yimbi 'lips', and mara 'hand' without an overt possessive suffix when the possessor is contextually recoverable; section 4.5.2 at lines 5898-5917 distinguishes optional possessive/appositional constructions when possession itself is asserted. Rule 322 asserts no possessor. Patz pronoun lines 2577-2582 and person-number discussion 2674-2684 source bare nominatives ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Lines 3043-3049 give nonpast nyaji-l, lines 3149-3151 define present/future nonpast function, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for sensory perception. Dictionary lines 24282-24296 independently attest running-form nyajil and its visual sense. Exact Patz searches found waral once and the other nine target heads nowhere; all target lexical identities remain dictionary-anchored.


english: We two, not you, see the waral stomach here.
kuku: Ngali waral yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngali waral yaluy nyajil | 1du.excl.NOM waral.stomach here see.NPST
frame: r322_1du_excl_here_zero_anatomy_see_waral
words_used: ["ngali", "waral", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.89
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T05:26:30Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T05:27:44Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 26326-26335 give waral directly as noun 'stomach, belly'. Patz grammar line 2173 independently attests the lexeme in derived possessed form waral-ji-mu 'belly-COMIT-POSS'. Rule 322 selects bare visible stomach reference only and leaves belly alternation as a separate translation, possession, pregnancy, hunger, eating, digestion, pain, illness, greed compounds, medicine, butchery, and event propositions closed. Patz grammar line 1476 classifies external and internal body parts and bodily excretions as nouns. Examples at lines 4761-4771 and 5431 show bare body-part nouns jina 'foot', yimbi 'lips', and mara 'hand' without an overt possessive suffix when the possessor is contextually recoverable; section 4.5.2 at lines 5898-5917 distinguishes optional possessive/appositional constructions when possession itself is asserted. Rule 322 asserts no possessor. Patz pronoun lines 2577-2582 and person-number discussion 2674-2684 source bare nominatives ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Lines 3043-3049 give nonpast nyaji-l, lines 3149-3151 define present/future nonpast function, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for sensory perception. Dictionary lines 24282-24296 independently attest running-form nyajil and its visual sense. Exact Patz searches found waral once and the other nine target heads nowhere; all target lexical identities remain dictionary-anchored.


english: We two, not you, see the wubun hump here.
kuku: Ngali wubun yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngali wubun yaluy nyajil | 1du.excl.NOM wubun.hump here see.NPST
frame: r322_1du_excl_here_zero_anatomy_see_wubun
words_used: ["ngali", "wubun", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T05:26:30Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T05:27:44Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 27509-27517 give wubun directly as noun 'hump', with a Brahman-bull example. Rule 322 uses visible hump reference only and leaves Brahman/bull species attribution, possession, size, shape, back/body location, movement, burden, property, use, and event propositions closed. Patz grammar line 1476 classifies external and internal body parts and bodily excretions as nouns. Examples at lines 4761-4771 and 5431 show bare body-part nouns jina 'foot', yimbi 'lips', and mara 'hand' without an overt possessive suffix when the possessor is contextually recoverable; section 4.5.2 at lines 5898-5917 distinguishes optional possessive/appositional constructions when possession itself is asserted. Rule 322 asserts no possessor. Patz pronoun lines 2577-2582 and person-number discussion 2674-2684 source bare nominatives ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Lines 3043-3049 give nonpast nyaji-l, lines 3149-3151 define present/future nonpast function, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for sensory perception. Dictionary lines 24282-24296 independently attest running-form nyajil and its visual sense. Exact Patz searches found waral once and the other nine target heads nowhere; all target lexical identities remain dictionary-anchored.


english: We two, not you, see the yinkan ribs here.
kuku: Ngali yinkan yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngali yinkan yaluy nyajil | 1du.excl.NOM yinkan.ribs here see.NPST
frame: r322_1du_excl_here_zero_anatomy_see_yinkan
words_used: ["ngali", "yinkan", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T05:26:30Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T05:27:44Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 30271-30280 give yinkan directly as noun 'ribs, side'. Rule 322 selects visible ribs reference only and leaves side alternation, possession, number morphology, body location, pain, injury, breathing, butchery, food, movement, lying-sideways expression, and event propositions closed. Patz grammar line 1476 classifies external and internal body parts and bodily excretions as nouns. Examples at lines 4761-4771 and 5431 show bare body-part nouns jina 'foot', yimbi 'lips', and mara 'hand' without an overt possessive suffix when the possessor is contextually recoverable; section 4.5.2 at lines 5898-5917 distinguishes optional possessive/appositional constructions when possession itself is asserted. Rule 322 asserts no possessor. Patz pronoun lines 2577-2582 and person-number discussion 2674-2684 source bare nominatives ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Lines 3043-3049 give nonpast nyaji-l, lines 3149-3151 define present/future nonpast function, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for sensory perception. Dictionary lines 24282-24296 independently attest running-form nyajil and its visual sense. Exact Patz searches found waral once and the other nine target heads nowhere; all target lexical identities remain dictionary-anchored.


english: I saw the baliji people there.
kuku: Ngayu baliji yinyay nyajin.
analysis: ngayu baliji yinyay nyajin | 1sg.NOM baliji.people there see.PST
frame: r323_1sg_there_zero_human_saw_baliji
words_used: ["ngayu", "baliji", "yinyay", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.85
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T05:45:38Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T05:46:55Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 941-952 give baliji as noun 'people', specifically people associated with open country. Rule 323 uses conservative baliji-people reference only and leaves open-country location, belonging, group origin, travel, land identity, residence, activity, and event propositions closed. Patz grammar line 1476 classifies human beings as nouns. Example 29 at line 1376 gives Ngayu ... nyaji-ny 'I saw her, that woman'; example 390 at line 5080 gives bama 'person' as bare absolutive O of nyaji-nka; example 506 at line 5790 gives dingkar 'man' as bare absolutive O of reduplicated see/watch. These establish human common nouns as bare perception objects. Patz lines 1979, 4430, and 5447 independently attest maral-maral; other exact target searches are negative. Pronoun lines 2577-2586 source bare nominatives ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana/iana; demonstrative lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Examples at lines 2021-2024 and 2568-2571 give nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 define past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for perception. Dictionary lines 23876-23883 and 23968-23976 independently attest running-form nyajin. Rule 323 uses only bare support and past visual perception.


english: I saw the kalbali tall man there.
kuku: Ngayu kalbali yinyay nyajin.
analysis: ngayu kalbali yinyay nyajin | 1sg.NOM kalbali.tall.man there see.PST
frame: r323_1sg_there_zero_human_saw_kalbali
words_used: ["ngayu", "kalbali", "yinyay", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T05:45:38Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T05:46:55Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 12349-12359 give the human-reference noun kalbali 'tall man', alongside a separate adjective entry at lines 12338-12348. Rule 323 selects the noun as one lexical human label and leaves productive adjective predication, comparison, degree, measurement, stature event, and unrelated kalbal remedy/treatment closed. Patz grammar line 1476 classifies human beings as nouns. Example 29 at line 1376 gives Ngayu ... nyaji-ny 'I saw her, that woman'; example 390 at line 5080 gives bama 'person' as bare absolutive O of nyaji-nka; example 506 at line 5790 gives dingkar 'man' as bare absolutive O of reduplicated see/watch. These establish human common nouns as bare perception objects. Patz lines 1979, 4430, and 5447 independently attest maral-maral; other exact target searches are negative. Pronoun lines 2577-2586 source bare nominatives ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana/iana; demonstrative lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Examples at lines 2021-2024 and 2568-2571 give nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 define past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for perception. Dictionary lines 23876-23883 and 23968-23976 independently attest running-form nyajin. Rule 323 uses only bare support and past visual perception.


english: I saw the kanjal companion there.
kuku: Ngayu kanjal yinyay nyajin.
analysis: ngayu kanjal yinyay nyajin | 1sg.NOM kanjal.companion there see.PST
frame: r323_1sg_there_zero_human_saw_kanjal
words_used: ["ngayu", "kanjal", "yinyay", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T05:45:38Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T05:46:55Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 13298-13309 give kanjal as noun 'mate, companion', one who is with someone so they are not alone. Rule 323 uses companion reference only and leaves possession/whose companion, accompaniment, loneliness, helping, travel, social relationship, activity, and event propositions closed. Patz grammar line 1476 classifies human beings as nouns. Example 29 at line 1376 gives Ngayu ... nyaji-ny 'I saw her, that woman'; example 390 at line 5080 gives bama 'person' as bare absolutive O of nyaji-nka; example 506 at line 5790 gives dingkar 'man' as bare absolutive O of reduplicated see/watch. These establish human common nouns as bare perception objects. Patz lines 1979, 4430, and 5447 independently attest maral-maral; other exact target searches are negative. Pronoun lines 2577-2586 source bare nominatives ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana/iana; demonstrative lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Examples at lines 2021-2024 and 2568-2571 give nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 define past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for perception. Dictionary lines 23876-23883 and 23968-23976 independently attest running-form nyajin. Rule 323 uses only bare support and past visual perception.


english: I saw the kaykay-kaykay children there.
kuku: Ngayu kaykay-kaykay yinyay nyajin.
analysis: ngayu kaykay-kaykay yinyay nyajin | 1sg.NOM kaykay.kaykay.children there see.PST
frame: r323_1sg_there_zero_human_saw_kaykay_kaykay
words_used: ["ngayu", "kaykay-kaykay", "yinyay", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T05:45:38Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T05:46:55Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 14071-14098 give the exact noun kaykay-kaykay 'children', a reduplicated plural described as a contraction of karrkay-karrkay. Rule 323 admits only the whole dictionary head; it does not license base kaykay, equivalence/normalization to karrkay-karrkay, productive reduplication, parentage, age detail, school, play, possession, or event propositions. Patz grammar line 1476 classifies human beings as nouns. Example 29 at line 1376 gives Ngayu ... nyaji-ny 'I saw her, that woman'; example 390 at line 5080 gives bama 'person' as bare absolutive O of nyaji-nka; example 506 at line 5790 gives dingkar 'man' as bare absolutive O of reduplicated see/watch. These establish human common nouns as bare perception objects. Patz lines 1979, 4430, and 5447 independently attest maral-maral; other exact target searches are negative. Pronoun lines 2577-2586 source bare nominatives ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana/iana; demonstrative lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Examples at lines 2021-2024 and 2568-2571 give nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 define past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for perception. Dictionary lines 23876-23883 and 23968-23976 independently attest running-form nyajin. Rule 323 uses only bare support and past visual perception.


english: I saw the kira baby girl there.
kuku: Ngayu kira yinyay nyajin.
analysis: ngayu kira yinyay nyajin | 1sg.NOM kira.baby.girl there see.PST
frame: r323_1sg_there_zero_human_saw_kira
words_used: ["ngayu", "kira", "yinyay", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T05:45:38Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T05:46:55Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 14438-14449 give bare kira as noun 'female', restricted to baby girls. Rule 323 selects the conservative baby-girl label and leaves generic female use, adult reference, age measurement, family relation, birth, care, possession, and the homophonous reduplicated kira-kira black-ant head closed. Patz grammar line 1476 classifies human beings as nouns. Example 29 at line 1376 gives Ngayu ... nyaji-ny 'I saw her, that woman'; example 390 at line 5080 gives bama 'person' as bare absolutive O of nyaji-nka; example 506 at line 5790 gives dingkar 'man' as bare absolutive O of reduplicated see/watch. These establish human common nouns as bare perception objects. Patz lines 1979, 4430, and 5447 independently attest maral-maral; other exact target searches are negative. Pronoun lines 2577-2586 source bare nominatives ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana/iana; demonstrative lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Examples at lines 2021-2024 and 2568-2571 give nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 define past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for perception. Dictionary lines 23876-23883 and 23968-23976 independently attest running-form nyajin. Rule 323 uses only bare support and past visual perception.


english: I saw the maral-maral young girls there.
kuku: Ngayu maral-maral yinyay nyajin.
analysis: ngayu maral-maral yinyay nyajin | 1sg.NOM maral.maral.young.girls there see.PST
frame: r323_1sg_there_zero_human_saw_maral_maral
words_used: ["ngayu", "maral-maral", "yinyay", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.90
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T05:45:38Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T05:46:55Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 18183-18196 give maral-maral as noun 'young girls', the attested plural of maral. Patz lines 1979, 4430, and 5447 independently attest the form in clauses. Rule 323 uses the exact plural human head only and leaves productive reduplication, singular maral, age comparison, bathing/food-gathering or other Patz events, family relation, possession, and activity closed. Patz grammar line 1476 classifies human beings as nouns. Example 29 at line 1376 gives Ngayu ... nyaji-ny 'I saw her, that woman'; example 390 at line 5080 gives bama 'person' as bare absolutive O of nyaji-nka; example 506 at line 5790 gives dingkar 'man' as bare absolutive O of reduplicated see/watch. These establish human common nouns as bare perception objects. Patz lines 1979, 4430, and 5447 independently attest maral-maral; other exact target searches are negative. Pronoun lines 2577-2586 source bare nominatives ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana/iana; demonstrative lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Examples at lines 2021-2024 and 2568-2571 give nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 define past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for perception. Dictionary lines 23876-23883 and 23968-23976 independently attest running-form nyajin. Rule 323 uses only bare support and past visual perception.


english: I saw the marri-marri old people there.
kuku: Ngayu marri-marri yinyay nyajin.
analysis: ngayu marri-marri yinyay nyajin | 1sg.NOM marri.marri.old.people there see.PST
frame: r323_1sg_there_zero_human_saw_marri_marri
words_used: ["ngayu", "marri-marri", "yinyay", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T05:45:38Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T05:46:55Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 18612-18625 give marri-marri as noun 'old people', an attested full-reduplicated age/social category. Rule 323 uses the whole old-people head only and leaves productive reduplication, singular/base inference, age measurement, frailty, authority, knowledge, ceremony, family relation, possession, and event propositions closed. Patz grammar line 1476 classifies human beings as nouns. Example 29 at line 1376 gives Ngayu ... nyaji-ny 'I saw her, that woman'; example 390 at line 5080 gives bama 'person' as bare absolutive O of nyaji-nka; example 506 at line 5790 gives dingkar 'man' as bare absolutive O of reduplicated see/watch. These establish human common nouns as bare perception objects. Patz lines 1979, 4430, and 5447 independently attest maral-maral; other exact target searches are negative. Pronoun lines 2577-2586 source bare nominatives ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana/iana; demonstrative lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Examples at lines 2021-2024 and 2568-2571 give nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 define past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for perception. Dictionary lines 23876-23883 and 23968-23976 independently attest running-form nyajin. Rule 323 uses only bare support and past visual perception.


english: I saw the walmbaji peacemaker there.
kuku: Ngayu walmbaji yinyay nyajin.
analysis: ngayu walmbaji yinyay nyajin | 1sg.NOM walmbaji.peacemaker there see.PST
frame: r323_1sg_there_zero_human_saw_walmbaji
words_used: ["ngayu", "walmbaji", "yinyay", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.85
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T05:45:38Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T05:46:55Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 25522-25533 give walmbaji as noun 'peacemaker, mediator' and describe restraining a relative to stop a fight. Rule 323 uses the lexical peacemaker label only and leaves fight, conflict, intervention, restraint, arms/body-part contact, relative identity, success, social role performance, and event propositions closed. Patz grammar line 1476 classifies human beings as nouns. Example 29 at line 1376 gives Ngayu ... nyaji-ny 'I saw her, that woman'; example 390 at line 5080 gives bama 'person' as bare absolutive O of nyaji-nka; example 506 at line 5790 gives dingkar 'man' as bare absolutive O of reduplicated see/watch. These establish human common nouns as bare perception objects. Patz lines 1979, 4430, and 5447 independently attest maral-maral; other exact target searches are negative. Pronoun lines 2577-2586 source bare nominatives ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana/iana; demonstrative lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Examples at lines 2021-2024 and 2568-2571 give nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 define past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for perception. Dictionary lines 23876-23883 and 23968-23976 independently attest running-form nyajin. Rule 323 uses only bare support and past visual perception.


english: I saw the walmbi-walmbiji left-handed person there.
kuku: Ngayu walmbi-walmbiji yinyay nyajin.
analysis: ngayu walmbi-walmbiji yinyay nyajin | 1sg.NOM walmbi.walmbiji.left.handed.person there see.PST
frame: r323_1sg_there_zero_human_saw_walmbi_walmbiji
words_used: ["ngayu", "walmbi-walmbiji", "yinyay", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T05:45:38Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T05:46:55Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 25543-25556 give the exact partial-reduplicated noun walmbi-walmbiji 'left-handed person', derived from walmbi 'left'. Rule 323 admits only the whole human head; it does not license decomposition, productive reduplication, left-side locative use, hand/body-part possession, handed action, skill, disability, property predication, or event propositions. Patz grammar line 1476 classifies human beings as nouns. Example 29 at line 1376 gives Ngayu ... nyaji-ny 'I saw her, that woman'; example 390 at line 5080 gives bama 'person' as bare absolutive O of nyaji-nka; example 506 at line 5790 gives dingkar 'man' as bare absolutive O of reduplicated see/watch. These establish human common nouns as bare perception objects. Patz lines 1979, 4430, and 5447 independently attest maral-maral; other exact target searches are negative. Pronoun lines 2577-2586 source bare nominatives ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana/iana; demonstrative lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Examples at lines 2021-2024 and 2568-2571 give nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 define past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for perception. Dictionary lines 23876-23883 and 23968-23976 independently attest running-form nyajin. Rule 323 uses only bare support and past visual perception.


english: I saw the yarrkay-yarrka group of children there.
kuku: Ngayu yarrkay-yarrka yinyay nyajin.
analysis: ngayu yarrkay-yarrka yinyay nyajin | 1sg.NOM yarrkay.yarrka.child.group there see.PST
frame: r323_1sg_there_zero_human_saw_yarrkay_yarrka
words_used: ["ngayu", "yarrkay-yarrka", "yinyay", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.85
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T05:45:38Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T05:46:55Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 29560-29577 give the exact partial-reduplicated noun yarrkay-yarrka 'group of children', with class/gang alternate translations. Rule 323 selects child-group reference only and leaves class/gang senses, base yarrkay, equivalence to karrkay, productive reduplication, school, play, parentage, possession, group activity, and event propositions closed. Patz grammar line 1476 classifies human beings as nouns. Example 29 at line 1376 gives Ngayu ... nyaji-ny 'I saw her, that woman'; example 390 at line 5080 gives bama 'person' as bare absolutive O of nyaji-nka; example 506 at line 5790 gives dingkar 'man' as bare absolutive O of reduplicated see/watch. These establish human common nouns as bare perception objects. Patz lines 1979, 4430, and 5447 independently attest maral-maral; other exact target searches are negative. Pronoun lines 2577-2586 source bare nominatives ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana/iana; demonstrative lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Examples at lines 2021-2024 and 2568-2571 give nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 define past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for perception. Dictionary lines 23876-23883 and 23968-23976 independently attest running-form nyajin. Rule 323 uses only bare support and past visual perception.


english: We two, not you, saw the bajarr fern leaves here.
kuku: Ngali bajarr yaluy nyajin.
analysis: ngali bajarr yaluy nyajin | 1du.excl.NOM bajarr.fern.leaves here see.PST
frame: r324_1du_excl_here_low_flora_saw_bajarr
words_used: ["ngali", "bajarr", "yaluy", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T06:15:36Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T06:17:23Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 456-481 give duplicate noun entries bajarr 'leaves', specifically loya-vine fern leaves used for shelter. Rule 324 admits conservative fern-leaf reference only and leaves vine/fern taxonomy, shelter, mia-mia, gathering, carrying, drying, material use, manufacture, and event propositions closed; it keeps double-r bajarr distinct from bajar white gum. Patz grammar line 1476 explicitly includes flora among the corporeal objects denoted by nouns. Patz lines 2577-2584 source bare nominative ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Examples at lines 2021-2024 and 2568-2571 attest nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 define past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O in transitive perception. Dictionary lines 23876-23883 and 23968-23976 independently attest running-form nyajin. Exact Patz target search finds only binainyji at lines 1145-1151; the other nine targets are absent there, so their lexical evidence remains the dictionary. Rule 324 uses only bare support and past visual perception.


english: We two, not you, saw the bikarrakul ti tree here.
kuku: Ngali bikarrakul yaluy nyajin.
analysis: ngali bikarrakul yaluy nyajin | 1du.excl.NOM bikarrakul.ti.tree here see.PST
frame: r324_1du_excl_here_low_flora_saw_bikarrakul
words_used: ["ngali", "bikarrakul", "yaluy", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T06:15:36Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T06:17:23Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 2381-2391 give bikarrakul as noun 'ti tree' and note that its fruit must be cooked. Rule 324 admits ti-tree reference only and leaves fruit, edibility, cooking, gathering, food, bark, firewood, material use, species comparison, and event propositions closed. Patz grammar line 1476 explicitly includes flora among the corporeal objects denoted by nouns. Patz lines 2577-2584 source bare nominative ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Examples at lines 2021-2024 and 2568-2571 attest nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 define past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O in transitive perception. Dictionary lines 23876-23883 and 23968-23976 independently attest running-form nyajin. Exact Patz target search finds only binainyji at lines 1145-1151; the other nine targets are absent there, so their lexical evidence remains the dictionary. Rule 324 uses only bare support and past visual perception.


english: We two, not you, saw the binainyji fig-like fruit here.
kuku: Ngali binainyji yaluy nyajin.
analysis: ngali binainyji yaluy nyajin | 1du.excl.NOM binainyji.fig.like.fruit here see.PST
frame: r324_1du_excl_here_low_flora_saw_binainyji
words_used: ["ngali", "binainyji", "yaluy", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T06:15:36Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T06:17:23Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 2642-2655 give binainyji as noun 'fig-like fruit', sourced from Patz; Patz grammar lines 1145-1151 independently cite bare binainyji in a phonemic minimal-pair set. Rule 324 admits fig-like-fruit reference only and leaves fig identity, edibility, taste, ripeness, gathering, preparation, tree/source, and the distinct forms binanj-ji, jalbanj-ji, and jalbainy-ji closed. Patz grammar line 1476 explicitly includes flora among the corporeal objects denoted by nouns. Patz lines 2577-2584 source bare nominative ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Examples at lines 2021-2024 and 2568-2571 attest nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 define past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O in transitive perception. Dictionary lines 23876-23883 and 23968-23976 independently attest running-form nyajin. Exact Patz target search finds only binainyji at lines 1145-1151; the other nine targets are absent there, so their lexical evidence remains the dictionary. Rule 324 uses only bare support and past visual perception.


english: We two, not you, saw the jakalkulu tree stump here.
kuku: Ngali jakalkulu yaluy nyajin.
analysis: ngali jakalkulu yaluy nyajin | 1du.excl.NOM jakalkulu.tree.stump here see.PST
frame: r324_1du_excl_here_low_flora_saw_jakalkulu
words_used: ["ngali", "jakalkulu", "yaluy", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.90
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T06:15:36Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T06:17:23Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 7197-7205 give jakalkulu as noun 'tree stump'. Rule 324 admits tree-stump reference only and leaves tree species, cutting/felling, age, decay, burning, firewood, sitting, location, material use, cause, and event propositions closed. Patz grammar line 1476 explicitly includes flora among the corporeal objects denoted by nouns. Patz lines 2577-2584 source bare nominative ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Examples at lines 2021-2024 and 2568-2571 attest nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 define past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O in transitive perception. Dictionary lines 23876-23883 and 23968-23976 independently attest running-form nyajin. Exact Patz target search finds only binainyji at lines 1145-1151; the other nine targets are absent there, so their lexical evidence remains the dictionary. Rule 324 uses only bare support and past visual perception.


english: We two, not you, saw the jumul-jumul grass seeds here.
kuku: Ngali jumul-jumul yaluy nyajin.
analysis: ngali jumul-jumul yaluy nyajin | 1du.excl.NOM jumul.jumul.grass.seeds here see.PST
frame: r324_1du_excl_here_low_flora_saw_jumul_jumul
words_used: ["ngali", "jumul-jumul", "yaluy", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.89
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T06:15:36Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T06:17:23Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 10812-10825 give the exact full-reduplicated noun jumul-jumul 'grass seeds' and describe seeds that lodge in clothes during the wet season. Rule 324 admits the whole grass-seed head only and leaves productive reduplication, base jumul, clothing contact, sticking, wet-season timing, gathering, food, sowing, and event propositions closed. Patz grammar line 1476 explicitly includes flora among the corporeal objects denoted by nouns. Patz lines 2577-2584 source bare nominative ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Examples at lines 2021-2024 and 2568-2571 attest nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 define past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O in transitive perception. Dictionary lines 23876-23883 and 23968-23976 independently attest running-form nyajin. Exact Patz target search finds only binainyji at lines 1145-1151; the other nine targets are absent there, so their lexical evidence remains the dictionary. Rule 324 uses only bare support and past visual perception.


english: We two, not you, saw the jika-birra tobacco leaf here.
kuku: Ngali jika-birra yaluy nyajin.
analysis: ngali jika-birra yaluy nyajin | 1du.excl.NOM jika.birra.tobacco.leaf here see.PST
frame: r324_1du_excl_here_low_flora_saw_jika_birra
words_used: ["ngali", "jika-birra", "yaluy", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T06:15:36Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T06:17:23Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 8986-8996 give the exact compound noun jika-birra 'tobacco leaf'. Rule 324 admits the whole tobacco-leaf head only and leaves component senses, productive compounding, tobacco use, smoking, chewing, preparation, drying, trade, medicine, possession, and event propositions closed. Patz grammar line 1476 explicitly includes flora among the corporeal objects denoted by nouns. Patz lines 2577-2584 source bare nominative ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Examples at lines 2021-2024 and 2568-2571 attest nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 define past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O in transitive perception. Dictionary lines 23876-23883 and 23968-23976 independently attest running-form nyajin. Exact Patz target search finds only binainyji at lines 1145-1151; the other nine targets are absent there, so their lexical evidence remains the dictionary. Rule 324 uses only bare support and past visual perception.


english: We two, not you, saw the kalbawurr cypress-pine pitch here.
kuku: Ngali kalbawurr yaluy nyajin.
analysis: ngali kalbawurr yaluy nyajin | 1du.excl.NOM kalbawurr.cypress.pine.pitch here see.PST
frame: r324_1du_excl_here_low_flora_saw_kalbawurr
words_used: ["ngali", "kalbawurr", "yaluy", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T06:15:36Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T06:17:23Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 12432-12440 give kalbawurr as noun 'cypress pine pitch' and mark it poisonous. Rule 324 admits cypress-pine-pitch reference only and leaves poison/toxicity, touching, ingestion, medicine, resin processing, spear use, tree/source relation, material use, and event propositions closed; near-form kulbawurr remains separate. Patz grammar line 1476 explicitly includes flora among the corporeal objects denoted by nouns. Patz lines 2577-2584 source bare nominative ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Examples at lines 2021-2024 and 2568-2571 attest nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 define past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O in transitive perception. Dictionary lines 23876-23883 and 23968-23976 independently attest running-form nyajin. Exact Patz target search finds only binainyji at lines 1145-1151; the other nine targets are absent there, so their lexical evidence remains the dictionary. Rule 324 uses only bare support and past visual perception.


english: We two, not you, saw the makaji onion plant here.
kuku: Ngali makaji yaluy nyajin.
analysis: ngali makaji yaluy nyajin | 1du.excl.NOM makaji.onion.plant here see.PST
frame: r324_1du_excl_here_low_flora_saw_makaji
words_used: ["ngali", "makaji", "yaluy", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T06:15:36Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T06:17:23Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 17152-17161 give makaji as noun 'onion plant, edible herb'. Rule 324 admits onion-plant reference only and leaves edibility, herb classification, food, onion harvesting, digging, cooking, taste, medicine, cultivation, possession, and event propositions closed. Patz grammar line 1476 explicitly includes flora among the corporeal objects denoted by nouns. Patz lines 2577-2584 source bare nominative ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Examples at lines 2021-2024 and 2568-2571 attest nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 define past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O in transitive perception. Dictionary lines 23876-23883 and 23968-23976 independently attest running-form nyajin. Exact Patz target search finds only binainyji at lines 1145-1151; the other nine targets are absent there, so their lexical evidence remains the dictionary. Rule 324 uses only bare support and past visual perception.


english: We two, not you, saw the mawu grass here.
kuku: Ngali mawu yaluy nyajin.
analysis: ngali mawu yaluy nyajin | 1du.excl.NOM mawu.grass here see.PST
frame: r324_1du_excl_here_low_flora_saw_mawu
words_used: ["ngali", "mawu", "yaluy", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T06:15:36Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T06:17:23Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 18764-18774 give mawu as noun 'grass', specifically a coarse grass used in making dilly bags. Rule 324 admits grass reference only and leaves coarseness predication, bag making, weaving, cutting, gathering, drying, material use, possession, and event propositions closed; near-form mawar vine remains separate. Patz grammar line 1476 explicitly includes flora among the corporeal objects denoted by nouns. Patz lines 2577-2584 source bare nominative ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Examples at lines 2021-2024 and 2568-2571 attest nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 define past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O in transitive perception. Dictionary lines 23876-23883 and 23968-23976 independently attest running-form nyajin. Exact Patz target search finds only binainyji at lines 1145-1151; the other nine targets are absent there, so their lexical evidence remains the dictionary. Rule 324 uses only bare support and past visual perception.


english: We two, not you, saw the wakumba tree canopy here.
kuku: Ngali wakumba yaluy nyajin.
analysis: ngali wakumba yaluy nyajin | 1du.excl.NOM wakumba.tree.canopy here see.PST
frame: r324_1du_excl_here_low_flora_saw_wakumba
words_used: ["ngali", "wakumba", "yaluy", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.90
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T06:15:36Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T06:17:23Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 25245-25255 give wakumba as noun 'canopy', defined as the spreading branches of a tree. Rule 324 admits tree-canopy reference only and leaves branch decomposition, tree species, size/shape, shade, height, location, growth, climbing, cutting, material use, and event propositions closed. Patz grammar line 1476 explicitly includes flora among the corporeal objects denoted by nouns. Patz lines 2577-2584 source bare nominative ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Examples at lines 2021-2024 and 2568-2571 attest nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 define past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O in transitive perception. Dictionary lines 23876-23883 and 23968-23976 independently attest running-form nyajin. Exact Patz target search finds only binainyji at lines 1145-1151; the other nine targets are absent there, so their lexical evidence remains the dictionary. Rule 324 uses only bare support and past visual perception.


english: I see the dirrmbay seagull there.
kuku: Ngayu dirrmbay yinyay nyajil.
analysis: ngayu dirrmbay yinyay nyajil | 1sg.NOM dirrmbay.seagull there see.NPST
frame: r325_1sg_there_low_fauna_see_dirrmbay
words_used: ["ngayu", "dirrmbay", "yinyay", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T06:34:08Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T06:35:30Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 6035-6063 give dirrmbay as noun 'seagull' and separately extend it to storm warning, announcement music, and death-related messaging. Rule 325 admits basic seagull reference only and leaves storm, warning, weather prediction, call/music, corroboree, death, corpse, message, ear, flight, feeding, fishing, and event propositions closed. Patz grammar line 1476 explicitly includes fauna among the corporeal objects denoted by nouns. Patz lines 2577-2586 source bare nominative ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana/iana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Patz lines 3043-3049 give nonpast nyaji-l, lines 3149-3151 define the nonpast present/future function, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for perception. Dictionary lines 24282-24296 independently attest running-form nyajil and its visual sense. Exact Patz target search finds juku-juku at lines 1941 and 1976 only in the distinct 'trees' sense; the other nine targets are absent there. Rule 325 therefore takes every selected fauna sense from the dictionary and uses only bare support and nonpast visual perception.


english: I see the diri-diri sandfly there.
kuku: Ngayu diri-diri yinyay nyajil.
analysis: ngayu diri-diri yinyay nyajil | 1sg.NOM diri.diri.sandfly there see.NPST
frame: r325_1sg_there_low_fauna_see_diri_diri
words_used: ["ngayu", "diri-diri", "yinyay", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.89
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T06:34:08Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T06:35:30Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 5930-5945 give the exact full-reduplicated noun diri-diri 'sandfly', with synonym munyurri. Rule 325 admits the whole sandfly head only and leaves productive reduplication, base diri, synonym substitution, number inference, biting, pain, itch, season, habitat, smoke/repellent, and event propositions closed. Patz grammar line 1476 explicitly includes fauna among the corporeal objects denoted by nouns. Patz lines 2577-2586 source bare nominative ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana/iana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Patz lines 3043-3049 give nonpast nyaji-l, lines 3149-3151 define the nonpast present/future function, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for perception. Dictionary lines 24282-24296 independently attest running-form nyajil and its visual sense. Exact Patz target search finds juku-juku at lines 1941 and 1976 only in the distinct 'trees' sense; the other nine targets are absent there. Rule 325 therefore takes every selected fauna sense from the dictionary and uses only bare support and nonpast visual perception.


english: I see the jawurraji ant bed there.
kuku: Ngayu jawurraji yinyay nyajil.
analysis: ngayu jawurraji yinyay nyajil | 1sg.NOM jawurraji.ant.bed there see.NPST
frame: r325_1sg_there_low_fauna_see_jawurraji
words_used: ["ngayu", "jawurraji", "yinyay", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.89
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T06:34:08Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T06:35:30Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 8551-8562 give jawurraji as noun 'large ant bed, ant hill'. Rule 325 admits ant-bed reference only and leaves ants, grubs, habitation, size predication, digging, roasting, food, location, construction, material use, and event propositions closed. Patz grammar line 1476 explicitly includes fauna among the corporeal objects denoted by nouns. Patz lines 2577-2586 source bare nominative ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana/iana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Patz lines 3043-3049 give nonpast nyaji-l, lines 3149-3151 define the nonpast present/future function, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for perception. Dictionary lines 24282-24296 independently attest running-form nyajil and its visual sense. Exact Patz target search finds juku-juku at lines 1941 and 1976 only in the distinct 'trees' sense; the other nine targets are absent there. Rule 325 therefore takes every selected fauna sense from the dictionary and uses only bare support and nonpast visual perception.


english: I see the juku-juku bronzewing dove there.
kuku: Ngayu juku-juku yinyay nyajil.
analysis: ngayu juku-juku yinyay nyajil | 1sg.NOM juku.juku.bronzewing.dove there see.NPST
frame: r325_1sg_there_low_fauna_see_juku_juku
words_used: ["ngayu", "juku-juku", "yinyay", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.84
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T06:34:08Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T06:35:30Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 10350-10364 give the exact hyphenated noun juku-juku 'bronzewing dove'. A separate solid jukujuku entry at 10365-10377 carries stranger/death omen prose, while Patz lines 1941 and 1976 use hyphenated juku-juku for plural 'trees'. Rule 325 selects the dictionary bird sense only and leaves tree/wood, solid-variant equivalence, omen, stranger, death, song/call, drinking, hunting, and event propositions closed. Patz grammar line 1476 explicitly includes fauna among the corporeal objects denoted by nouns. Patz lines 2577-2586 source bare nominative ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana/iana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Patz lines 3043-3049 give nonpast nyaji-l, lines 3149-3151 define the nonpast present/future function, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for perception. Dictionary lines 24282-24296 independently attest running-form nyajil and its visual sense. Exact Patz target search finds juku-juku at lines 1941 and 1976 only in the distinct 'trees' sense; the other nine targets are absent there. Rule 325 therefore takes every selected fauna sense from the dictionary and uses only bare support and nonpast visual perception.


english: I see the jalan sea urchin there.
kuku: Ngayu jalan yinyay nyajil.
analysis: ngayu jalan yinyay nyajil | 1sg.NOM jalan.sea.urchin there see.NPST
frame: r325_1sg_there_low_fauna_see_jalan
words_used: ["ngayu", "jalan", "yinyay", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T06:34:08Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T06:35:30Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 7340-7350 give jalan as noun 'sea urchin' with prose about prickles, coastal rocks, edibility, and frying. Rule 325 admits sea-urchin reference only and leaves shell/spines, injury, feet, rocks/reef/sea habitat, food, edibility, frying, gathering, carrying, and event propositions closed. Patz grammar line 1476 explicitly includes fauna among the corporeal objects denoted by nouns. Patz lines 2577-2586 source bare nominative ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana/iana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Patz lines 3043-3049 give nonpast nyaji-l, lines 3149-3151 define the nonpast present/future function, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for perception. Dictionary lines 24282-24296 independently attest running-form nyajil and its visual sense. Exact Patz target search finds juku-juku at lines 1941 and 1976 only in the distinct 'trees' sense; the other nine targets are absent there. Rule 325 therefore takes every selected fauna sense from the dictionary and uses only bare support and nonpast visual perception.


english: I see the kaya-kaya dogs there.
kuku: Ngayu kaya-kaya yinyay nyajil.
analysis: ngayu kaya-kaya yinyay nyajil | 1sg.NOM kaya.kaya.dogs there see.NPST
frame: r325_1sg_there_low_fauna_see_kaya_kaya
words_used: ["ngayu", "kaya-kaya", "yinyay", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.90
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T06:34:08Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T06:35:30Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 13966-13979 give the exact full-reduplicated noun kaya-kaya 'dogs', plural of kaya. Rule 325 admits the whole dogs head only and leaves productive reduplication, singular kaya, dog loan history, number derivation, ownership, biting, hunting, following, feeding, and event propositions closed. Patz grammar line 1476 explicitly includes fauna among the corporeal objects denoted by nouns. Patz lines 2577-2586 source bare nominative ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana/iana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Patz lines 3043-3049 give nonpast nyaji-l, lines 3149-3151 define the nonpast present/future function, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for perception. Dictionary lines 24282-24296 independently attest running-form nyajil and its visual sense. Exact Patz target search finds juku-juku at lines 1941 and 1976 only in the distinct 'trees' sense; the other nine targets are absent there. Rule 325 therefore takes every selected fauna sense from the dictionary and uses only bare support and nonpast visual perception.


english: I see the kubu-kubu tadpole there.
kuku: Ngayu kubu-kubu yinyay nyajil.
analysis: ngayu kubu-kubu yinyay nyajil | 1sg.NOM kubu.kubu.tadpole there see.NPST
frame: r325_1sg_there_low_fauna_see_kubu_kubu
words_used: ["ngayu", "kubu-kubu", "yinyay", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.90
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T06:34:08Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T06:35:30Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 14716-14729 give the exact full-reduplicated noun kubu-kubu 'tadpole'; bare kubu at lines 14707-14715 means smoke. Rule 325 admits the whole tadpole head only and leaves productive reduplication, smoke homophone, water/pool habitat, swimming, rain/season, frog transformation, growth, and event propositions closed. Patz grammar line 1476 explicitly includes fauna among the corporeal objects denoted by nouns. Patz lines 2577-2586 source bare nominative ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana/iana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Patz lines 3043-3049 give nonpast nyaji-l, lines 3149-3151 define the nonpast present/future function, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for perception. Dictionary lines 24282-24296 independently attest running-form nyajil and its visual sense. Exact Patz target search finds juku-juku at lines 1941 and 1976 only in the distinct 'trees' sense; the other nine targets are absent there. Rule 325 therefore takes every selected fauna sense from the dictionary and uses only bare support and nonpast visual perception.


english: I see the murral tree kangaroo there.
kuku: Ngayu murral yinyay nyajil.
analysis: ngayu murral yinyay nyajil | 1sg.NOM murral.tree.kangaroo there see.NPST
frame: r325_1sg_there_low_fauna_see_murral
words_used: ["ngayu", "murral", "yinyay", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.92
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T06:34:08Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T06:35:30Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 20999-21009 give murral as the Yalanji noun 'tree kangaroo', contrasting with Nyungkul jarrabina. Rule 325 admits Yalanji tree-kangaroo reference only and leaves dialect substitution, tree/canopy habitat, climbing, sleeping, visibility, hunting, spearing, catching, food, and event propositions closed. Patz grammar line 1476 explicitly includes fauna among the corporeal objects denoted by nouns. Patz lines 2577-2586 source bare nominative ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana/iana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Patz lines 3043-3049 give nonpast nyaji-l, lines 3149-3151 define the nonpast present/future function, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for perception. Dictionary lines 24282-24296 independently attest running-form nyajil and its visual sense. Exact Patz target search finds juku-juku at lines 1941 and 1976 only in the distinct 'trees' sense; the other nine targets are absent there. Rule 325 therefore takes every selected fauna sense from the dictionary and uses only bare support and nonpast visual perception.


english: I see the ngamu-murramu dingo there.
kuku: Ngayu ngamu-murramu yinyay nyajil.
analysis: ngayu ngamu-murramu yinyay nyajil | 1sg.NOM ngamu.murramu.dingo there see.NPST
frame: r325_1sg_there_low_fauna_see_ngamu_murramu
words_used: ["ngayu", "ngamu-murramu", "yinyay", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.90
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T06:34:08Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T06:35:30Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 22184-22194 give the exact compound noun ngamu-murramu 'dingo'. Rule 325 admits the whole dingo head only and leaves decomposition into ngamu/murramu, mother/kin interpretation, synonym substitution, dog equivalence, wild/domestic property, hunting, biting, ownership, movement, and event propositions closed. Patz grammar line 1476 explicitly includes fauna among the corporeal objects denoted by nouns. Patz lines 2577-2586 source bare nominative ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana/iana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Patz lines 3043-3049 give nonpast nyaji-l, lines 3149-3151 define the nonpast present/future function, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for perception. Dictionary lines 24282-24296 independently attest running-form nyajil and its visual sense. Exact Patz target search finds juku-juku at lines 1941 and 1976 only in the distinct 'trees' sense; the other nine targets are absent there. Rule 325 therefore takes every selected fauna sense from the dictionary and uses only bare support and nonpast visual perception.


english: I see the wurarr-wurarr dragonfly there.
kuku: Ngayu wurarr-wurarr yinyay nyajil.
analysis: ngayu wurarr-wurarr yinyay nyajil | 1sg.NOM wurarr.wurarr.dragonfly there see.NPST
frame: r325_1sg_there_low_fauna_see_wurarr_wurarr
words_used: ["ngayu", "wurarr-wurarr", "yinyay", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.90
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T06:34:08Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T06:35:30Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 28305-28318 give the exact full-reduplicated noun wurarr-wurarr 'dragonfly'. Rule 325 admits the whole dragonfly head only and leaves productive reduplication, base wurarr, flight/hovering, water indication, dry-country navigation, life-saving, pools/young, season, habitat, and event propositions closed. Patz grammar line 1476 explicitly includes fauna among the corporeal objects denoted by nouns. Patz lines 2577-2586 source bare nominative ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana/iana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Patz lines 3043-3049 give nonpast nyaji-l, lines 3149-3151 define the nonpast present/future function, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for perception. Dictionary lines 24282-24296 independently attest running-form nyajil and its visual sense. Exact Patz target search finds juku-juku at lines 1941 and 1976 only in the distinct 'trees' sense; the other nine targets are absent there. Rule 325 therefore takes every selected fauna sense from the dictionary and uses only bare support and nonpast visual perception.


english: We two, not you, see the dalngarri flames here.
kuku: Ngali dalngarri yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngali dalngarri yaluy nyajil | 1du.excl.NOM dalngarri.flames here see.NPST
frame: r326_1du_excl_here_low_environment_see_dalngarri
words_used: ["ngali", "dalngarri", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T06:50:35Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T06:51:47Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 4979-5001 give dalngarri as noun 'flames which make light' and separately 'urine', with fire-light and toilet examples. Rule 326 admits flame reference only and leaves urine/urination, toilet, light causation, fire making, burning, heat, danger, synonym substitution, and event propositions closed. Patz grammar line 1476 explicitly includes geographical/geological items, celestial bodies, weather phenomena, and other corporeal objects among noun referents. Patz lines 2577-2584 source bare nominative ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Patz lines 3043-3049 give nonpast nyaji-l, lines 3149-3151 define its present/future function, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for perception. Dictionary lines 24282-24296 independently attest running-form nyajil and its visual sense. Exact Patz target search finds marrka only at lines 2227-2229 in the distinct salt-pan etymology of marrka-bina; the other nine targets are absent. Rule 326 takes each selected sense from the dictionary and uses only bare support and nonpast visual perception.


english: We two, not you, see the jukar-warra whirlwind here.
kuku: Ngali jukar-warra yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngali jukar-warra yaluy nyajil | 1du.excl.NOM jukar.warra.whirlwind here see.NPST
frame: r326_1du_excl_here_low_environment_see_jukar_warra
words_used: ["ngali", "jukar-warra", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.89
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T06:50:35Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T06:51:47Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 10292-10302 give the exact compound noun jukar-warra 'whirlwind' and identify jukar 'sand' as its first element. Rule 326 admits the whole whirlwind head only and leaves decomposition, productive compounding, sand, wind movement, weather prediction, damage, direction, dust, travel, and event propositions closed. Patz grammar line 1476 explicitly includes geographical/geological items, celestial bodies, weather phenomena, and other corporeal objects among noun referents. Patz lines 2577-2584 source bare nominative ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Patz lines 3043-3049 give nonpast nyaji-l, lines 3149-3151 define its present/future function, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for perception. Dictionary lines 24282-24296 independently attest running-form nyajil and its visual sense. Exact Patz target search finds marrka only at lines 2227-2229 in the distinct salt-pan etymology of marrka-bina; the other nine targets are absent. Rule 326 takes each selected sense from the dictionary and uses only bare support and nonpast visual perception.


english: We two, not you, see the kambar white clay here.
kuku: Ngali kambar yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngali kambar yaluy nyajil | 1du.excl.NOM kambar.white.clay here see.NPST
frame: r326_1du_excl_here_low_environment_see_kambar
words_used: ["ngali", "kambar", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T06:50:35Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T06:51:47Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 12987-12999 give kambar as noun 'white clay' and also 'wet season'; nearby double-r kambarr at 13000-13011 means corpse liquid. Rule 326 admits white-clay reference only and leaves wet-season/time, colour predication, digging, painting, body use, material use, corpse/death/fluid, and event propositions closed. Patz grammar line 1476 explicitly includes geographical/geological items, celestial bodies, weather phenomena, and other corporeal objects among noun referents. Patz lines 2577-2584 source bare nominative ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Patz lines 3043-3049 give nonpast nyaji-l, lines 3149-3151 define its present/future function, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for perception. Dictionary lines 24282-24296 independently attest running-form nyajil and its visual sense. Exact Patz target search finds marrka only at lines 2227-2229 in the distinct salt-pan etymology of marrka-bina; the other nine targets are absent. Rule 326 takes each selected sense from the dictionary and uses only bare support and nonpast visual perception.


english: We two, not you, see the kurrkal shortcut here.
kuku: Ngali kurrkal yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngali kurrkal yaluy nyajil | 1du.excl.NOM kurrkal.shortcut here see.NPST
frame: r326_1du_excl_here_low_environment_see_kurrkal
words_used: ["ngali", "kurrkal", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.89
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T06:50:35Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T06:51:47Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 16451-16470 give kurrkal as noun 'shortcut' and derived kurrkal-warri 'go by a shortcut'. Rule 326 admits shortcut reference only and leaves travel, route choice, destination, direction, speed, use, walking, derived verb, place identity, and event propositions closed. Patz grammar line 1476 explicitly includes geographical/geological items, celestial bodies, weather phenomena, and other corporeal objects among noun referents. Patz lines 2577-2584 source bare nominative ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Patz lines 3043-3049 give nonpast nyaji-l, lines 3149-3151 define its present/future function, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for perception. Dictionary lines 24282-24296 independently attest running-form nyajil and its visual sense. Exact Patz target search finds marrka only at lines 2227-2229 in the distinct salt-pan etymology of marrka-bina; the other nine targets are absent. Rule 326 takes each selected sense from the dictionary and uses only bare support and nonpast visual perception.


english: We two, not you, see the marrka calm sea here.
kuku: Ngali marrka yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngali marrka yaluy nyajil | 1du.excl.NOM marrka.calm.sea here see.NPST
frame: r326_1du_excl_here_low_environment_see_marrka
words_used: ["ngali", "marrka", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T06:50:35Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T06:51:47Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 18626-18638 give marrka as noun 'calm sea' and separately 'salt pan'. Patz lines 2227-2229 mention marrka only as 'salt pan' inside an etymological note on marrka-bina. Rule 326 admits calm-sea reference only and leaves salt pan, oyster compound, mangrove/swamp, tide, weather cause, water state change, boating, fishing, and event propositions closed. Patz grammar line 1476 explicitly includes geographical/geological items, celestial bodies, weather phenomena, and other corporeal objects among noun referents. Patz lines 2577-2584 source bare nominative ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Patz lines 3043-3049 give nonpast nyaji-l, lines 3149-3151 define its present/future function, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for perception. Dictionary lines 24282-24296 independently attest running-form nyajil and its visual sense. Exact Patz target search finds marrka only at lines 2227-2229 in the distinct salt-pan etymology of marrka-bina; the other nine targets are absent. Rule 326 takes each selected sense from the dictionary and uses only bare support and nonpast visual perception.


english: We two, not you, see the miral water scum here.
kuku: Ngali miral yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngali miral yaluy nyajil | 1du.excl.NOM miral.water.scum here see.NPST
frame: r326_1du_excl_here_low_environment_see_miral
words_used: ["ngali", "miral", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T06:50:35Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T06:51:47Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 19714-19726 give miral as noun 'scum on water' and separately 'whale oil'. Rule 326 admits water-scum reference only and leaves whale/oil, animal source, texture/property, pollution, removal, touching, collecting, use, and event propositions closed. Patz grammar line 1476 explicitly includes geographical/geological items, celestial bodies, weather phenomena, and other corporeal objects among noun referents. Patz lines 2577-2584 source bare nominative ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Patz lines 3043-3049 give nonpast nyaji-l, lines 3149-3151 define its present/future function, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for perception. Dictionary lines 24282-24296 independently attest running-form nyajil and its visual sense. Exact Patz target search finds marrka only at lines 2227-2229 in the distinct salt-pan etymology of marrka-bina; the other nine targets are absent. Rule 326 takes each selected sense from the dictionary and uses only bare support and nonpast visual perception.


english: We two, not you, see the mulawajarr star here.
kuku: Ngali mulawajarr yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngali mulawajarr yaluy nyajil | 1du.excl.NOM mulawajarr.star here see.NPST
frame: r326_1du_excl_here_low_environment_see_mulawajarr
words_used: ["ngali", "mulawajarr", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T06:50:35Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T06:51:47Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 20370-20380 give mulawajarr as the Yalanji noun 'star', contrasting with Nyungkul dawar. Rule 326 admits Yalanji star reference only and leaves dialect substitution, celestial movement, time/season, direction/navigation, brightness, number, story/totem, weather, and event propositions closed. Patz grammar line 1476 explicitly includes geographical/geological items, celestial bodies, weather phenomena, and other corporeal objects among noun referents. Patz lines 2577-2584 source bare nominative ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Patz lines 3043-3049 give nonpast nyaji-l, lines 3149-3151 define its present/future function, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for perception. Dictionary lines 24282-24296 independently attest running-form nyajil and its visual sense. Exact Patz target search finds marrka only at lines 2227-2229 in the distinct salt-pan etymology of marrka-bina; the other nine targets are absent. Rule 326 takes each selected sense from the dictionary and uses only bare support and nonpast visual perception.


english: We two, not you, see the nganyil haze here.
kuku: Ngali nganyil yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngali nganyil yaluy nyajil | 1du.excl.NOM nganyil.haze here see.NPST
frame: r326_1du_excl_here_low_environment_see_nganyil
words_used: ["ngali", "nganyil", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.90
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T06:50:35Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T06:51:47Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 22642-22651 give nganyil as noun 'haze, mist'. Rule 326 admits haze reference only and leaves mist equivalence claims beyond the entry, weather cause/change, visibility effects, smoke, fire, season, location, and near-form nganyin onion/sugar-bag senses closed. Patz grammar line 1476 explicitly includes geographical/geological items, celestial bodies, weather phenomena, and other corporeal objects among noun referents. Patz lines 2577-2584 source bare nominative ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Patz lines 3043-3049 give nonpast nyaji-l, lines 3149-3151 define its present/future function, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for perception. Dictionary lines 24282-24296 independently attest running-form nyajil and its visual sense. Exact Patz target search finds marrka only at lines 2227-2229 in the distinct salt-pan etymology of marrka-bina; the other nine targets are absent. Rule 326 takes each selected sense from the dictionary and uses only bare support and nonpast visual perception.


english: We two, not you, see the nyamun natural debris here.
kuku: Ngali nyamun yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngali nyamun yaluy nyajil | 1du.excl.NOM nyamun.natural.debris here see.NPST
frame: r326_1du_excl_here_low_environment_see_nyamun
words_used: ["ngali", "nyamun", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T06:50:35Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T06:51:47Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 24330-24340 give nyamun as natural debris: dead leaves, beach wrack, or scrub leaf-mould, explicitly not household rubbish. Rule 326 admits natural-debris reference only and leaves household waste, leaf/beach/scrub subtype choice, decay, gardening/growing use, gathering, clearing, burning, disposal, and event propositions closed. Patz grammar line 1476 explicitly includes geographical/geological items, celestial bodies, weather phenomena, and other corporeal objects among noun referents. Patz lines 2577-2584 source bare nominative ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Patz lines 3043-3049 give nonpast nyaji-l, lines 3149-3151 define its present/future function, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for perception. Dictionary lines 24282-24296 independently attest running-form nyajil and its visual sense. Exact Patz target search finds marrka only at lines 2227-2229 in the distinct salt-pan etymology of marrka-bina; the other nine targets are absent. Rule 326 takes each selected sense from the dictionary and uses only bare support and nonpast visual perception.


english: We two, not you, see the wurrbal fog here.
kuku: Ngali wurrbal yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngali wurrbal yaluy nyajil | 1du.excl.NOM wurrbal.fog here see.NPST
frame: r326_1du_excl_here_low_environment_see_wurrbal
words_used: ["ngali", "wurrbal", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.90
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T06:50:35Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T06:51:47Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 28402-28413 give wurrbal as noun 'fog, mist rising from the river'. Rule 326 admits fog reference only and leaves river/source location, rising/movement, weather cause/change, visibility, travel danger, season/time, mist normalization, and event propositions closed. Patz grammar line 1476 explicitly includes geographical/geological items, celestial bodies, weather phenomena, and other corporeal objects among noun referents. Patz lines 2577-2584 source bare nominative ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Patz lines 3043-3049 give nonpast nyaji-l, lines 3149-3151 define its present/future function, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O for perception. Dictionary lines 24282-24296 independently attest running-form nyajil and its visual sense. Exact Patz target search finds marrka only at lines 2227-2229 in the distinct salt-pan etymology of marrka-bina; the other nine targets are absent. Rule 326 takes each selected sense from the dictionary and uses only bare support and nonpast visual perception.


english: I saw the duburan directional sign there.
kuku: Ngayu duburan yinyay nyajin.
analysis: ngayu duburan yinyay nyajin | 1sg.NOM duburan.directional.sign there see.PST
frame: r327_1sg_there_low_craft_saw_duburan
words_used: ["ngayu", "duburan", "yinyay", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T07:11:27Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T07:13:40Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 6196-6209 give duburan as noun for a placed directional sign made from stones or twisted grass and separately a soft carrying ring/wreath. Rule 327 admits directional-sign reference only and leaves ring/wreath, carrying, women, body placement, direction-giving, route use, stone/grass composition, making, positioning, and event propositions closed. Patz grammar line 1476 explicitly includes artifacts and other objects of human habitat among noun referents. Patz lines 2577-2586 source bare nominative ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana/iana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Examples at lines 2021-2024 and 2568-2571 attest nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 define past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O in perception. Dictionary lines 23876-23883 and 23968-23976 independently attest running-form nyajin. Exact Patz target search finds wuju at lines 5171-5172 in its grass-sop use and jila at 7088/7091 only in the smell sense; the other eight targets are absent. Rule 327 takes every selected object sense from the dictionary and uses only bare support and past visual perception.


english: I saw the jila beeswax there.
kuku: Ngayu jila yinyay nyajin.
analysis: ngayu jila yinyay nyajin | 1sg.NOM jila.beeswax there see.PST
frame: r327_1sg_there_low_craft_saw_jila
words_used: ["ngayu", "jila", "yinyay", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.84
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T07:11:27Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T07:13:40Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 9038-9063 give jila as beeswax, smell, and sweat, with smell/sweat derivatives. Patz lines 7088 and 7091 attest only the smell sense. Rule 327 admits beeswax reference only and leaves smell, sweat/perspiration, crocodile source, body state, bad-smell and sweat derivatives, sensory event, source/use, and equivalence to other wax heads closed. Patz grammar line 1476 explicitly includes artifacts and other objects of human habitat among noun referents. Patz lines 2577-2586 source bare nominative ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana/iana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Examples at lines 2021-2024 and 2568-2571 attest nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 define past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O in perception. Dictionary lines 23876-23883 and 23968-23976 independently attest running-form nyajin. Exact Patz target search finds wuju at lines 5171-5172 in its grass-sop use and jila at 7088/7091 only in the smell sense; the other eight targets are absent. Rule 327 takes every selected object sense from the dictionary and uses only bare support and past visual perception.


english: I saw the makarra streaky yellow ochre there.
kuku: Ngayu makarra yinyay nyajin.
analysis: ngayu makarra yinyay nyajin | 1sg.NOM makarra.streaky.yellow.ochre there see.PST
frame: r327_1sg_there_low_craft_saw_makarra
words_used: ["ngayu", "makarra", "yinyay", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.91
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T07:11:27Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T07:13:40Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 17184-17193 give makarra as noun 'streaky yellow ochre'; nearby makirr at 17194-17202 is plain yellow ochre. Rule 327 admits the streaky-yellow-ochre label only and leaves equivalence to makirr, colour/property predication, streak pattern inference, source/place, mining/digging, grinding, painting, body/ceremony use, and events closed. Patz grammar line 1476 explicitly includes artifacts and other objects of human habitat among noun referents. Patz lines 2577-2586 source bare nominative ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana/iana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Examples at lines 2021-2024 and 2568-2571 attest nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 define past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O in perception. Dictionary lines 23876-23883 and 23968-23976 independently attest running-form nyajin. Exact Patz target search finds wuju at lines 5171-5172 in its grass-sop use and jila at 7088/7091 only in the smell sense; the other eight targets are absent. Rule 327 takes every selected object sense from the dictionary and uses only bare support and past visual perception.


english: I saw the makirr yellow ochre there.
kuku: Ngayu makirr yinyay nyajin.
analysis: ngayu makirr yinyay nyajin | 1sg.NOM makirr.yellow.ochre there see.PST
frame: r327_1sg_there_low_craft_saw_makirr
words_used: ["ngayu", "makirr", "yinyay", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.91
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T07:11:27Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T07:13:40Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 17194-17202 give makirr as noun 'yellow ochre', distinct from preceding makarra 'streaky yellow ochre'. Rule 327 admits yellow-ochre reference only and leaves synonym/equivalence collapse, streakiness, colour/property predication, source/place, mining/digging, grinding, painting, body/ceremony use, and events closed. Patz grammar line 1476 explicitly includes artifacts and other objects of human habitat among noun referents. Patz lines 2577-2586 source bare nominative ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana/iana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Examples at lines 2021-2024 and 2568-2571 attest nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 define past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O in perception. Dictionary lines 23876-23883 and 23968-23976 independently attest running-form nyajin. Exact Patz target search finds wuju at lines 5171-5172 in its grass-sop use and jila at 7088/7091 only in the smell sense; the other eight targets are absent. Rule 327 takes every selected object sense from the dictionary and uses only bare support and past visual perception.


english: I saw the ngurran rope there.
kuku: Ngayu ngurran yinyay nyajin.
analysis: ngayu ngurran yinyay nyajin | 1sg.NOM ngurran.rope there see.PST
frame: r327_1sg_there_low_craft_saw_ngurran
words_used: ["ngayu", "ngurran", "yinyay", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T07:11:27Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T07:13:40Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 23861-23872 give ngurran as noun 'rope' and also a dilly bag made from rope, with synonym karra. Rule 327 admits rope reference only and leaves bag/container sense, material-source relation, synonym substitution, tying, carrying, making, weaving, possession, and event propositions closed. Patz grammar line 1476 explicitly includes artifacts and other objects of human habitat among noun referents. Patz lines 2577-2586 source bare nominative ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana/iana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Examples at lines 2021-2024 and 2568-2571 attest nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 define past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O in perception. Dictionary lines 23876-23883 and 23968-23976 independently attest running-form nyajin. Exact Patz target search finds wuju at lines 5171-5172 in its grass-sop use and jila at 7088/7091 only in the smell sense; the other eight targets are absent. Rule 327 takes every selected object sense from the dictionary and uses only bare support and past visual perception.


english: I saw the nyumbirr beeswax there.
kuku: Ngayu nyumbirr yinyay nyajin.
analysis: ngayu nyumbirr yinyay nyajin | 1sg.NOM nyumbirr.beeswax there see.PST
frame: r327_1sg_there_low_craft_saw_nyumbirr
words_used: ["ngayu", "nyumbirr", "yinyay", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.91
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T07:11:27Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T07:13:40Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 24750-24760 give nyumbirr as noun 'wax made by bees'. Rule 327 admits beeswax reference only and leaves bee/source event, collecting, heating, hardening, softening, attaching, medicine, food/honey, manufacture/use, and equivalence to jila or yikari closed. Patz grammar line 1476 explicitly includes artifacts and other objects of human habitat among noun referents. Patz lines 2577-2586 source bare nominative ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana/iana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Examples at lines 2021-2024 and 2568-2571 attest nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 define past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O in perception. Dictionary lines 23876-23883 and 23968-23976 independently attest running-form nyajin. Exact Patz target search finds wuju at lines 5171-5172 in its grass-sop use and jila at 7088/7091 only in the smell sense; the other eight targets are absent. Rule 327 takes every selected object sense from the dictionary and uses only bare support and past visual perception.


english: I saw the warkal bailer shell there.
kuku: Ngayu warkal yinyay nyajin.
analysis: ngayu warkal yinyay nyajin | 1sg.NOM warkal.bailer.shell there see.PST
frame: r327_1sg_there_low_craft_saw_warkal
words_used: ["ngayu", "warkal", "yinyay", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T07:11:27Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T07:13:40Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 26443-26453 give warkal as noun 'bailer shell' and note its traditional use as a billy/water container. Rule 327 admits bailer-shell reference only and leaves billy/container function, water, carrying, bailing, cooking, food, old-time practice, shell source, possession, and event propositions closed. Patz grammar line 1476 explicitly includes artifacts and other objects of human habitat among noun referents. Patz lines 2577-2586 source bare nominative ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana/iana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Examples at lines 2021-2024 and 2568-2571 attest nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 define past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O in perception. Dictionary lines 23876-23883 and 23968-23976 independently attest running-form nyajin. Exact Patz target search finds wuju at lines 5171-5172 in its grass-sop use and jila at 7088/7091 only in the smell sense; the other eight targets are absent. Rule 327 takes every selected object sense from the dictionary and uses only bare support and past visual perception.


english: I saw the wuba red ochre there.
kuku: Ngayu wuba yinyay nyajin.
analysis: ngayu wuba yinyay nyajin | 1sg.NOM wuba.red.ochre there see.PST
frame: r327_1sg_there_low_craft_saw_wuba
words_used: ["ngayu", "wuba", "yinyay", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.91
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T07:11:27Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T07:13:40Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 27407-27417 give wuba as noun 'red ochre' and note pigment use. Rule 327 admits red-ochre reference only and leaves colour/property predication, pigment function, source/place, digging, grinding, painting, body/ceremony use, comparison with yellow ochres, and event propositions closed. Patz grammar line 1476 explicitly includes artifacts and other objects of human habitat among noun referents. Patz lines 2577-2586 source bare nominative ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana/iana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Examples at lines 2021-2024 and 2568-2571 attest nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 define past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O in perception. Dictionary lines 23876-23883 and 23968-23976 independently attest running-form nyajin. Exact Patz target search finds wuju at lines 5171-5172 in its grass-sop use and jila at 7088/7091 only in the smell sense; the other eight targets are absent. Rule 327 takes every selected object sense from the dictionary and uses only bare support and past visual perception.


english: I saw the wuju grass sponge there.
kuku: Ngayu wuju yinyay nyajin.
analysis: ngayu wuju yinyay nyajin | 1sg.NOM wuju.grass.sponge there see.PST
frame: r327_1sg_there_low_craft_saw_wuju
words_used: ["ngayu", "wuju", "yinyay", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.90
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T07:11:27Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T07:13:40Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 27620-27630 give wuju as a grass sponge/sop used for eating honey or soup. Patz lines 5171-5172 independently attest wuju as grass obtained for eating soup. Rule 327 admits grass-sponge reference only and leaves grass/material decomposition, honey/soup/food, soaking, eating, obtaining, making, carrying, possession, and event propositions closed. Patz grammar line 1476 explicitly includes artifacts and other objects of human habitat among noun referents. Patz lines 2577-2586 source bare nominative ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana/iana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Examples at lines 2021-2024 and 2568-2571 attest nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 define past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O in perception. Dictionary lines 23876-23883 and 23968-23976 independently attest running-form nyajin. Exact Patz target search finds wuju at lines 5171-5172 in its grass-sop use and jila at 7088/7091 only in the smell sense; the other eight targets are absent. Rule 327 takes every selected object sense from the dictionary and uses only bare support and past visual perception.


english: I saw the yikari hardened beeswax there.
kuku: Ngayu yikari yinyay nyajin.
analysis: ngayu yikari yinyay nyajin | 1sg.NOM yikari.hardened.beeswax there see.PST
frame: r327_1sg_there_low_craft_saw_yikari
words_used: ["ngayu", "yikari", "yinyay", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.89
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T07:11:27Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T07:13:40Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 29896-29906 give yikari as hardened beeswax made with ironwood-root juice extracted by heating and used for spears. Rule 327 admits hardened-beeswax reference only and leaves ironwood/root/juice source, extraction, heating, hardening process, spear/weapon manufacture, attaching, material use, and equivalence to jila or nyumbirr closed. Patz grammar line 1476 explicitly includes artifacts and other objects of human habitat among noun referents. Patz lines 2577-2586 source bare nominative ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana/iana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Examples at lines 2021-2024 and 2568-2571 attest nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 define past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O in perception. Dictionary lines 23876-23883 and 23968-23976 independently attest running-form nyajin. Exact Patz target search finds wuju at lines 5171-5172 in its grass-sop use and jila at 7088/7091 only in the smell sense; the other eight targets are absent. Rule 327 takes every selected object sense from the dictionary and uses only bare support and past visual perception.


english: We two, not you, saw the balja food there.
kuku: Ngali balja yinyay nyajin.
analysis: ngali balja yinyay nyajin | 1du.excl.NOM balja.food there see.PST
frame: r328_1du_excl_there_low_food_saw_balja
words_used: ["ngali", "balja", "yinyay", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.84
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T07:33:08Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T07:34:14Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 953-962 give balja as a noun for a kind of food or ground food and describe cooking, grinding, and eating. Rule 328 admits the conservative label balja food only and leaves ingredient identity, fire, cooking, grinding, eating, preparation sequence, property, source, and event propositions closed. Patz lines 1474-1476 state that nominals refer to objects and that nouns predominantly refer to corporeal objects. Lines 2577-2586 source bare nominative ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and nganjin; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Examples at lines 2021-2024 and 2568-2571 attest nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 define past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O in perception. Dictionary examples at lines 23876-23883 and 23968-23976 independently contain running-form nyajin. Exact Patz target search finds milkul at lines 5171-5172 with its soup sense and none of the other nine selected heads. Rule 328 takes every selected food reading from the dictionary and uses only bare support and past visual perception.


english: We two, not you, saw the birukay egg yolk there.
kuku: Ngali birukay yinyay nyajin.
analysis: ngali birukay yinyay nyajin | 1du.excl.NOM birukay.egg.yolk there see.PST
frame: r328_1du_excl_there_low_food_saw_birukay
words_used: ["ngali", "birukay", "yinyay", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T07:33:08Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T07:34:14Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 3255-3263 give birukay as the noun 'yolk of the egg'. Rule 328 admits egg-yolk reference only and leaves egg source, shell, white/albumen relation, breaking, separating, cooking, eating, colour, texture, possession, and event propositions closed. Patz lines 1474-1476 state that nominals refer to objects and that nouns predominantly refer to corporeal objects. Lines 2577-2586 source bare nominative ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and nganjin; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Examples at lines 2021-2024 and 2568-2571 attest nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 define past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O in perception. Dictionary examples at lines 23876-23883 and 23968-23976 independently contain running-form nyajin. Exact Patz target search finds milkul at lines 5171-5172 with its soup sense and none of the other nine selected heads. Rule 328 takes every selected food reading from the dictionary and uses only bare support and past visual perception.


english: We two, not you, saw the biyangkal yam there.
kuku: Ngali biyangkal yinyay nyajin.
analysis: ngali biyangkal yinyay nyajin | 1du.excl.NOM biyangkal.yam there see.PST
frame: r328_1du_excl_there_low_food_saw_biyangkal
words_used: ["ngali", "biyangkal", "yinyay", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.92
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T07:33:08Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T07:34:14Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 3356-3366 give biyangkal as a toxic yam requiring roasting, grinding, and lengthy leaching before safe eating. Rule 328 admits yam reference only and leaves toxicity, danger, roasting, grinding, leaching, water, preparation, eating, safety, plant/source, digging, and event propositions closed. Patz lines 1474-1476 state that nominals refer to objects and that nouns predominantly refer to corporeal objects. Lines 2577-2586 source bare nominative ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and nganjin; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Examples at lines 2021-2024 and 2568-2571 attest nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 define past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O in perception. Dictionary examples at lines 23876-23883 and 23968-23976 independently contain running-form nyajin. Exact Patz target search finds milkul at lines 5171-5172 with its soup sense and none of the other nine selected heads. Rule 328 takes every selected food reading from the dictionary and uses only bare support and past visual perception.


english: We two, not you, saw the jadamu bananas there.
kuku: Ngali jadamu yinyay nyajin.
analysis: ngali jadamu yinyay nyajin | 1du.excl.NOM jadamu.bananas there see.PST
frame: r328_1du_excl_there_low_food_saw_jadamu
words_used: ["ngali", "jadamu", "yinyay", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T07:33:08Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T07:34:14Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 7006-7014 give jadamu as the noun 'bananas'. Rule 328 admits banana reference only and leaves number inference beyond the lexical translation, plant/source, bunch, ripeness, colour, peeling, gathering, carrying, cooking, eating, possession, and event propositions closed. Patz lines 1474-1476 state that nominals refer to objects and that nouns predominantly refer to corporeal objects. Lines 2577-2586 source bare nominative ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and nganjin; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Examples at lines 2021-2024 and 2568-2571 attest nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 define past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O in perception. Dictionary examples at lines 23876-23883 and 23968-23976 independently contain running-form nyajin. Exact Patz target search finds milkul at lines 5171-5172 with its soup sense and none of the other nine selected heads. Rule 328 takes every selected food reading from the dictionary and uses only bare support and past visual perception.


english: We two, not you, saw the jamal egg white there.
kuku: Ngali jamal yinyay nyajin.
analysis: ngali jamal yinyay nyajin | 1du.excl.NOM jamal.egg.white there see.PST
frame: r328_1du_excl_there_low_food_saw_jamal
words_used: ["ngali", "jamal", "yinyay", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T07:33:08Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T07:34:14Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 7650-7661 give jamal as the noun 'white of egg; albumen'. Rule 328 admits egg-white reference only and leaves egg source, yolk relation, shell, breaking, separating, cooking, eating, edibility, colour, texture, possession, and event propositions closed. Patz lines 1474-1476 state that nominals refer to objects and that nouns predominantly refer to corporeal objects. Lines 2577-2586 source bare nominative ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and nganjin; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Examples at lines 2021-2024 and 2568-2571 attest nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 define past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O in perception. Dictionary examples at lines 23876-23883 and 23968-23976 independently contain running-form nyajin. Exact Patz target search finds milkul at lines 5171-5172 with its soup sense and none of the other nine selected heads. Rule 328 takes every selected food reading from the dictionary and uses only bare support and past visual perception.


english: We two, not you, saw the jandu starch there.
kuku: Ngali jandu yinyay nyajin.
analysis: ngali jandu yinyay nyajin | 1du.excl.NOM jandu.starch there see.PST
frame: r328_1du_excl_there_low_food_saw_jandu
words_used: ["ngali", "jandu", "yinyay", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T07:33:08Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T07:34:14Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 7935-7945 give jandu as starch, specifically a thick non-soupy food made from flour cooked in water, and note the post-contact ingredient without identifying the head as an English loan. Rule 328 admits jandu starch reference only and leaves flour, water, thickness, soup comparison, cooking, preparation, post-contact history, eating, ingredient source, and event propositions closed. Patz lines 1474-1476 state that nominals refer to objects and that nouns predominantly refer to corporeal objects. Lines 2577-2586 source bare nominative ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and nganjin; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Examples at lines 2021-2024 and 2568-2571 attest nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 define past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O in perception. Dictionary examples at lines 23876-23883 and 23968-23976 independently contain running-form nyajin. Exact Patz target search finds milkul at lines 5171-5172 with its soup sense and none of the other nine selected heads. Rule 328 takes every selected food reading from the dictionary and uses only bare support and past visual perception.


english: We two, not you, saw the jungu-jungu white ant eggs there.
kuku: Ngali jungu-jungu yinyay nyajin.
analysis: ngali jungu-jungu yinyay nyajin | 1du.excl.NOM jungu.jungu.white.ant.eggs there see.PST
frame: r328_1du_excl_there_low_food_saw_jungu_jungu
words_used: ["ngali", "jungu-jungu", "yinyay", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.91
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T07:33:08Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T07:34:14Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 10950-10963 give exact hyphenated jungu-jungu as the noun 'white ant eggs' and analyze it as a full reduplication based on jungu. Rule 328 admits the whole lexical head and white-ant-egg reference only and leaves base use, productive reduplication, ants, gathering, food use, habitat, nest, cooking, eating, number derivation, and event propositions closed. Patz lines 1474-1476 state that nominals refer to objects and that nouns predominantly refer to corporeal objects. Lines 2577-2586 source bare nominative ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and nganjin; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Examples at lines 2021-2024 and 2568-2571 attest nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 define past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O in perception. Dictionary examples at lines 23876-23883 and 23968-23976 independently contain running-form nyajin. Exact Patz target search finds milkul at lines 5171-5172 with its soup sense and none of the other nine selected heads. Rule 328 takes every selected food reading from the dictionary and uses only bare support and past visual perception.


english: We two, not you, saw the kajimarra food there.
kuku: Ngali kajimarra yinyay nyajin.
analysis: ngali kajimarra yinyay nyajin | 1du.excl.NOM kajimarra.food there see.PST
frame: r328_1du_excl_there_low_food_saw_kajimarra
words_used: ["ngali", "kajimarra", "yinyay", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.84
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T07:33:08Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T07:34:14Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 12023-12032 give kajimarra as a food or flour made through grinding, wrapping in junjun leaves, soaking for weeks, further grinding, and roasting. Rule 328 admits the conservative label kajimarra food only and leaves flour equivalence, marra or junjun decomposition, leaves, water, duration, grinding, wrapping, soaking, roasting, preparation, eating, and event propositions closed. Patz lines 1474-1476 state that nominals refer to objects and that nouns predominantly refer to corporeal objects. Lines 2577-2586 source bare nominative ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and nganjin; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Examples at lines 2021-2024 and 2568-2571 attest nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 define past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O in perception. Dictionary examples at lines 23876-23883 and 23968-23976 independently contain running-form nyajin. Exact Patz target search finds milkul at lines 5171-5172 with its soup sense and none of the other nine selected heads. Rule 328 takes every selected food reading from the dictionary and uses only bare support and past visual perception.


english: We two, not you, saw the milkul soup there.
kuku: Ngali milkul yinyay nyajin.
analysis: ngali milkul yinyay nyajin | 1du.excl.NOM milkul.soup there see.PST
frame: r328_1du_excl_there_low_food_saw_milkul
words_used: ["ngali", "milkul", "yinyay", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.95
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T07:33:08Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T07:34:14Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 19502-19511 give milkul as the noun 'soup or stew'. Patz lines 5171-5172 independently attest milkul as dative and absolutive soup in clauses about grass and eating. Rule 328 admits soup reference only and leaves stew equivalence as a generated claim, ingredients, grass/wuju, cooking, heat, eating, preparation, possession, and event propositions closed. Patz lines 1474-1476 state that nominals refer to objects and that nouns predominantly refer to corporeal objects. Lines 2577-2586 source bare nominative ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and nganjin; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Examples at lines 2021-2024 and 2568-2571 attest nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 define past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O in perception. Dictionary examples at lines 23876-23883 and 23968-23976 independently contain running-form nyajin. Exact Patz target search finds milkul at lines 5171-5172 with its soup sense and none of the other nine selected heads. Rule 328 takes every selected food reading from the dictionary and uses only bare support and past visual perception.


english: We two, not you, saw the wawukuna long wild yam there.
kuku: Ngali wawukuna yinyay nyajin.
analysis: ngali wawukuna yinyay nyajin | 1du.excl.NOM wawukuna.long.wild.yam there see.PST
frame: r328_1du_excl_there_low_food_saw_wawukuna
words_used: ["ngali", "wawukuna", "yinyay", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T07:33:08Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T07:34:14Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 27046-27056 give wawukuna as the noun 'long wild yam' and identify it as edible plant food. Rule 328 admits long-wild-yam reference only and leaves edibility, plant/source, length predication, digging, ground/depth, preparation, cooking, eating, gathering, possession, and event propositions closed. Patz lines 1474-1476 state that nominals refer to objects and that nouns predominantly refer to corporeal objects. Lines 2577-2586 source bare nominative ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and nganjin; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Examples at lines 2021-2024 and 2568-2571 attest nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 define past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O in perception. Dictionary examples at lines 23876-23883 and 23968-23976 independently contain running-form nyajin. Exact Patz target search finds milkul at lines 5171-5172 with its soup sense and none of the other nine selected heads. Rule 328 takes every selected food reading from the dictionary and uses only bare support and past visual perception.


english: I see the wurru-bulan small crab here.
kuku: Ngayu wurru-bulan yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngayu wurru-bulan yaluy nyajil | 1sg.NOM wurru.bulan.small.crab here see.NPST
frame: r329_1sg_here_low_shellfish_see_wurru_bulan
words_used: ["ngayu", "wurru-bulan", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.90
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T07:54:11Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T07:55:06Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 28490-28498 give exact hyphenated wurru-bulan as a noun for a small crab found on a reef. Rule 329 admits small-crab reference only and leaves component decomposition, productive compounding, size comparison, reef/sea habitat, movement, gathering, catching, food, cooking, eating, possession, source, and event propositions closed. Patz line 1476 includes fauna among noun referents. Lines 2577-2586 source bare nominative ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana/iana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Lines 3043-3049 give nonpast nyaji-l, lines 3149-3151 define its present/future function, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O in perception. Dictionary lines 24282-24296 independently attest running-form nyajil and its visual sense. Exact Patz target search finds dakaldakal at line 944 in the trochus-shell sense and none of the other nine selected heads. Rule 329 takes every selected marine-fauna reading from the dictionary and uses only bare support and nonpast visual perception.


english: I see the dakaldakal trochus shell here.
kuku: Ngayu dakaldakal yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngayu dakaldakal yaluy nyajil | 1sg.NOM dakaldakal.trochus.shell here see.NPST
frame: r329_1sg_here_low_shellfish_see_dakaldakal
words_used: ["ngayu", "dakaldakal", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.96
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T07:54:11Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T07:55:06Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 4590-4603 give solid dakaldakal as a full-reduplicated noun for trochus shell, based on dakal. Patz line 944 independently attests dakaldakal 'trochus shell' among reduplicated forms. Rule 329 admits the exact whole head only and leaves free-base use, productive reduplication, shell source, animal identity, gathering, carrying, tool/ornament use, and events closed. Patz line 1476 includes fauna among noun referents. Lines 2577-2586 source bare nominative ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana/iana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Lines 3043-3049 give nonpast nyaji-l, lines 3149-3151 define its present/future function, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O in perception. Dictionary lines 24282-24296 independently attest running-form nyajil and its visual sense. Exact Patz target search finds dakaldakal at line 944 in the trochus-shell sense and none of the other nine selected heads. Rule 329 takes every selected marine-fauna reading from the dictionary and uses only bare support and nonpast visual perception.


english: I see the kajarrbi clam shell here.
kuku: Ngayu kajarrbi yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngayu kajarrbi yaluy nyajil | 1sg.NOM kajarrbi.clam.shell here see.NPST
frame: r329_1sg_here_low_shellfish_see_kajarrbi
words_used: ["ngayu", "kajarrbi", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.90
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T07:54:11Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T07:55:06Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 12013-12022 give kajarrbi as a noun for clam shell or giant clam. Rule 329 admits the conservative clam-shell reading only and leaves giant-size predication, animal/shell identity claims, sea habitat, opening, gathering, carrying, food, tool/ornament use, source, and event propositions closed. Patz line 1476 includes fauna among noun referents. Lines 2577-2586 source bare nominative ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana/iana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Lines 3043-3049 give nonpast nyaji-l, lines 3149-3151 define its present/future function, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O in perception. Dictionary lines 24282-24296 independently attest running-form nyajil and its visual sense. Exact Patz target search finds dakaldakal at line 944 in the trochus-shell sense and none of the other nine selected heads. Rule 329 takes every selected marine-fauna reading from the dictionary and uses only bare support and nonpast visual perception.


english: I see the kunkun periwinkle here.
kuku: Ngayu kunkun yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngayu kunkun yaluy nyajil | 1sg.NOM kunkun.periwinkle here see.NPST
frame: r329_1sg_here_low_shellfish_see_kunkun
words_used: ["ngayu", "kunkun", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.92
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T07:54:11Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T07:55:06Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 15937-15951 give solid kunkun as a full-reduplicated noun for periwinkle, a flat shellfish with a smooth shell, based on kun. Rule 329 admits periwinkle reference only and leaves base use, productive reduplication, flatness/smoothness, shell parts, habitat, gathering, food, source, and event propositions closed. Patz line 1476 includes fauna among noun referents. Lines 2577-2586 source bare nominative ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana/iana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Lines 3043-3049 give nonpast nyaji-l, lines 3149-3151 define its present/future function, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O in perception. Dictionary lines 24282-24296 independently attest running-form nyajil and its visual sense. Exact Patz target search finds dakaldakal at line 944 in the trochus-shell sense and none of the other nine selected heads. Rule 329 takes every selected marine-fauna reading from the dictionary and uses only bare support and nonpast visual perception.


english: I see the kurrija octopus here.
kuku: Ngayu kurrija yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngayu kurrija yaluy nyajil | 1sg.NOM kurrija.octopus here see.NPST
frame: r329_1sg_here_low_shellfish_see_kurrija
words_used: ["ngayu", "kurrija", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.95
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T07:54:11Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T07:55:06Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 16364-16372 give kurrija as the noun 'octopus'. Rule 329 admits octopus reference only and leaves body parts, number, movement, water/reef habitat, catching, spearing, cooking, eating, danger, possession, source, and event propositions closed. Patz line 1476 includes fauna among noun referents. Lines 2577-2586 source bare nominative ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana/iana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Lines 3043-3049 give nonpast nyaji-l, lines 3149-3151 define its present/future function, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O in perception. Dictionary lines 24282-24296 independently attest running-form nyajil and its visual sense. Exact Patz target search finds dakaldakal at line 944 in the trochus-shell sense and none of the other nine selected heads. Rule 329 takes every selected marine-fauna reading from the dictionary and uses only bare support and nonpast visual perception.


english: I see the ngajay small crayfish here.
kuku: Ngayu ngajay yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngayu ngajay yaluy nyajil | 1sg.NOM ngajay.small.crayfish here see.NPST
frame: r329_1sg_here_low_shellfish_see_ngajay
words_used: ["ngayu", "ngajay", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.91
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T07:54:11Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T07:55:06Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 21731-21741 give ngajay as a species of small crayfish and explicitly note that it is not eaten. Rule 329 admits small-crayfish reference only and leaves edibility/avoidance, eating, size comparison, water habitat, catching, gathering, cooking, possession, source, and event propositions closed. Patz line 1476 includes fauna among noun referents. Lines 2577-2586 source bare nominative ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana/iana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Lines 3043-3049 give nonpast nyaji-l, lines 3149-3151 define its present/future function, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O in perception. Dictionary lines 24282-24296 independently attest running-form nyajil and its visual sense. Exact Patz target search finds dakaldakal at line 944 in the trochus-shell sense and none of the other nine selected heads. Rule 329 takes every selected marine-fauna reading from the dictionary and uses only bare support and nonpast visual perception.


english: I see the nikar oyster here.
kuku: Ngayu nikar yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngayu nikar yaluy nyajil | 1sg.NOM nikar.oyster here see.NPST
frame: r329_1sg_here_low_shellfish_see_nikar
words_used: ["ngayu", "nikar", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T07:54:11Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T07:55:06Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 24079-24087 give nikar as a shallow-water oyster found on rock. Rule 329 admits oyster reference only and leaves shallow-water/rock habitat, attachment, shell parts, gathering, opening, cooking, eating, possession, source, and event propositions closed. Patz line 1476 includes fauna among noun referents. Lines 2577-2586 source bare nominative ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana/iana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Lines 3043-3049 give nonpast nyaji-l, lines 3149-3151 define its present/future function, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O in perception. Dictionary lines 24282-24296 independently attest running-form nyajil and its visual sense. Exact Patz target search finds dakaldakal at line 944 in the trochus-shell sense and none of the other nine selected heads. Rule 329 takes every selected marine-fauna reading from the dictionary and uses only bare support and nonpast visual perception.


english: I see the wuli-wuli soldier crab here.
kuku: Ngayu wuli-wuli yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngayu wuli-wuli yaluy nyajil | 1sg.NOM wuli.wuli.soldier.crab here see.NPST
frame: r329_1sg_here_low_shellfish_see_wuli_wuli
words_used: ["ngayu", "wuli-wuli", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.92
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T07:54:11Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T07:55:06Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 27786-27799 give exact hyphenated wuli-wuli as a full-reduplicated noun for soldier crab, based on wuli. Rule 329 admits the whole lexical head only and leaves base use, productive reduplication, group/number claims, sand/beach habitat, movement, gathering, food, possession, source, and events closed. Patz line 1476 includes fauna among noun referents. Lines 2577-2586 source bare nominative ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana/iana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Lines 3043-3049 give nonpast nyaji-l, lines 3149-3151 define its present/future function, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O in perception. Dictionary lines 24282-24296 independently attest running-form nyajil and its visual sense. Exact Patz target search finds dakaldakal at line 944 in the trochus-shell sense and none of the other nine selected heads. Rule 329 takes every selected marine-fauna reading from the dictionary and uses only bare support and nonpast visual perception.


english: I see the jalan sea urchin here.
kuku: Ngayu jalan yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngayu jalan yaluy nyajil | 1sg.NOM jalan.sea.urchin here see.NPST
frame: r329_1sg_here_low_shellfish_see_jalan
words_used: ["ngayu", "jalan", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T07:54:11Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T07:55:06Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 7340-7350 give jalan as an edible spiny sea urchin living on coastal rocks and note that its meat is fried. Rule 329 admits sea-urchin reference only and leaves shell/spines, porcupine comparison, injury, rock/sea habitat, edibility, meat, frying, gathering, carrying, source, and event propositions closed. Patz line 1476 includes fauna among noun referents. Lines 2577-2586 source bare nominative ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana/iana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Lines 3043-3049 give nonpast nyaji-l, lines 3149-3151 define its present/future function, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O in perception. Dictionary lines 24282-24296 independently attest running-form nyajil and its visual sense. Exact Patz target search finds dakaldakal at line 944 in the trochus-shell sense and none of the other nine selected heads. Rule 329 takes every selected marine-fauna reading from the dictionary and uses only bare support and nonpast visual perception.


english: I see the wurrul shellfish here.
kuku: Ngayu wurrul yaluy nyajil.
analysis: ngayu wurrul yaluy nyajil | 1sg.NOM wurrul.shellfish here see.NPST
frame: r329_1sg_here_low_shellfish_see_wurrul
words_used: ["ngayu", "wurrul", "yaluy", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T07:54:11Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T07:55:06Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 28499-28510 give wurrul as a noun for a species of shellfish. Rule 329 admits shellfish reference only and leaves species identity, shell parts, habitat, gathering, opening, cooking, eating, possession, source, equivalence to another head, and event propositions closed. Patz line 1476 includes fauna among noun referents. Lines 2577-2586 source bare nominative ngayu, yundu, nyulu, bula, and jana/iana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Lines 3043-3049 give nonpast nyaji-l, lines 3149-3151 define its present/future function, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O in perception. Dictionary lines 24282-24296 independently attest running-form nyajil and its visual sense. Exact Patz target search finds dakaldakal at line 944 in the trochus-shell sense and none of the other nine selected heads. Rule 329 takes every selected marine-fauna reading from the dictionary and uses only bare support and nonpast visual perception.


english: We two, not you, saw the bububay blacktip shark here.
kuku: Ngali bububay yaluy nyajin.
analysis: ngali bububay yaluy nyajin | 1du.excl.NOM bububay.blacktip.shark here see.PST
frame: r330_1du_excl_here_low_fish_saw_bububay
words_used: ["ngali", "bububay", "yaluy", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.90
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T08:15:47Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T08:16:57Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 3470-3482 contain an empty source placeholder marked needs_review and a separate complete fauna-fish noun record for bububay 'black tip shark'. Rule 330 relies only on the complete record and admits blacktip-shark reference; it leaves placeholder reconciliation, spelling normalization, body/fin parts, colour/pattern, water/reef habitat, movement, catching, danger, food, possession, source, and event propositions closed. Patz line 1476 includes fauna among noun referents. Lines 2577-2584 source bare nominative ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Examples at lines 2021-2024 and 2568-2571 attest nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 define past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O in perception. Dictionary examples at lines 23876-23883 and 23968-23976 independently contain running-form nyajin. Exact Patz target search finds only murraja, in inflected stonefish/poking clauses; the other nine selected heads are absent. Rule 330 takes every selected fish reading from the dictionary and uses only bare support and past visual perception.


english: We two, not you, saw the baban angelfish here.
kuku: Ngali baban yaluy nyajin.
analysis: ngali baban yaluy nyajin | 1du.excl.NOM baban.angelfish here see.PST
frame: r330_1du_excl_here_low_fish_saw_baban
words_used: ["ngali", "baban", "yaluy", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.92
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T08:15:47Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T08:16:57Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 91-108 contain two agreeing noun records for baban, with source spelling 'anglefish' corrected by the duplicate record to 'angelfish'. Rule 330 admits angelfish reference only and leaves spelling-variant propositions, body parts, colour/pattern, water/reef habitat, catching, food, possession, source, and event propositions closed. Patz line 1476 includes fauna among noun referents. Lines 2577-2584 source bare nominative ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Examples at lines 2021-2024 and 2568-2571 attest nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 define past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O in perception. Dictionary examples at lines 23876-23883 and 23968-23976 independently contain running-form nyajin. Exact Patz target search finds only murraja, in inflected stonefish/poking clauses; the other nine selected heads are absent. Rule 330 takes every selected fish reading from the dictionary and uses only bare support and past visual perception.


english: We two, not you, saw the kundurr-kundurr crescent perch here.
kuku: Ngali kundurr-kundurr yaluy nyajin.
analysis: ngali kundurr-kundurr yaluy nyajin | 1du.excl.NOM kundurr.kundurr.crescent.perch here see.PST
frame: r330_1du_excl_here_low_fish_saw_kundurr_kundurr
words_used: ["ngali", "kundurr-kundurr", "yaluy", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T08:15:47Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T08:16:57Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 15722-15735 give exact hyphenated kundurr-kundurr as a full-reduplicated noun for crescent perch, based on kundurr. Rule 330 admits the whole lexical head only and leaves free-base use, productive reduplication, crescent-shape property, water habitat, catching, food, possession, source, and events closed. Patz line 1476 includes fauna among noun referents. Lines 2577-2584 source bare nominative ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Examples at lines 2021-2024 and 2568-2571 attest nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 define past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O in perception. Dictionary examples at lines 23876-23883 and 23968-23976 independently contain running-form nyajin. Exact Patz target search finds only murraja, in inflected stonefish/poking clauses; the other nine selected heads are absent. Rule 330 takes every selected fish reading from the dictionary and uses only bare support and past visual perception.


english: We two, not you, saw the kurruba freshwater fish here.
kuku: Ngali kurruba yaluy nyajin.
analysis: ngali kurruba yaluy nyajin | 1du.excl.NOM kurruba.freshwater.fish here see.PST
frame: r330_1du_excl_here_low_fish_saw_kurruba
words_used: ["ngali", "kurruba", "yaluy", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T08:15:47Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T08:16:57Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 16537-16545 give kurruba as a species of freshwater fish. Rule 330 admits the conservative freshwater-fish label only and leaves species identity, freshwater habitat proposition, size/appearance, movement, catching, food, possession, source, equivalence to another fish head, and event propositions closed. Patz line 1476 includes fauna among noun referents. Lines 2577-2584 source bare nominative ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Examples at lines 2021-2024 and 2568-2571 attest nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 define past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O in perception. Dictionary examples at lines 23876-23883 and 23968-23976 independently contain running-form nyajin. Exact Patz target search finds only murraja, in inflected stonefish/poking clauses; the other nine selected heads are absent. Rule 330 takes every selected fish reading from the dictionary and uses only bare support and past visual perception.


english: We two, not you, saw the murrabal barramundi here.
kuku: Ngali murrabal yaluy nyajin.
analysis: ngali murrabal yaluy nyajin | 1du.excl.NOM murrabal.barramundi here see.PST
frame: r330_1du_excl_here_low_fish_saw_murrabal
words_used: ["ngali", "murrabal", "yaluy", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T08:15:47Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T08:16:57Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 20970-20980 give murrabal as the Yalanji noun for barramundi and note Nyungkul kudi. Rule 330 admits the Yalanji barramundi reading only and leaves dialect equivalence/substitution, water habitat, size, catching, spearing, cooking, eating, possession, source, and event propositions closed. Patz line 1476 includes fauna among noun referents. Lines 2577-2584 source bare nominative ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Examples at lines 2021-2024 and 2568-2571 attest nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 define past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O in perception. Dictionary examples at lines 23876-23883 and 23968-23976 independently contain running-form nyajin. Exact Patz target search finds only murraja, in inflected stonefish/poking clauses; the other nine selected heads are absent. Rule 330 takes every selected fish reading from the dictionary and uses only bare support and past visual perception.


english: We two, not you, saw the dukul-barangkal flathead fish here.
kuku: Ngali dukul-barangkal yaluy nyajin.
analysis: ngali dukul-barangkal yaluy nyajin | 1du.excl.NOM dukul.barangkal.flathead.fish here see.PST
frame: r330_1du_excl_here_low_fish_saw_dukul_barangkal
words_used: ["ngali", "dukul-barangkal", "yaluy", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.90
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T08:15:47Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T08:16:57Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 6312-6322 give exact hyphenated dukul-barangkal as a noun for flathead fish and list dalmbal as a synonym. Rule 330 admits the whole flathead-fish head only and leaves component decomposition, productive compounding, synonym substitution/equivalence, head/body shape, water habitat, catching, food, possession, source, and events closed. Patz line 1476 includes fauna among noun referents. Lines 2577-2584 source bare nominative ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Examples at lines 2021-2024 and 2568-2571 attest nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 define past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O in perception. Dictionary examples at lines 23876-23883 and 23968-23976 independently contain running-form nyajin. Exact Patz target search finds only murraja, in inflected stonefish/poking clauses; the other nine selected heads are absent. Rule 330 takes every selected fish reading from the dictionary and uses only bare support and past visual perception.


english: We two, not you, saw the jalil-jalil mudskipper here.
kuku: Ngali jalil-jalil yaluy nyajin.
analysis: ngali jalil-jalil yaluy nyajin | 1du.excl.NOM jalil.jalil.mudskipper here see.PST
frame: r330_1du_excl_here_low_fish_saw_jalil_jalil
words_used: ["ngali", "jalil-jalil", "yaluy", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T08:15:47Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T08:16:57Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 7406-7419 give exact hyphenated jalil-jalil as a full-reduplicated noun for mudskipper, based on jalil. Rule 330 admits the whole lexical head only and leaves free-base use, productive reduplication, mud/water habitat, skipping/movement, amphibious property, catching, food, possession, source, and events closed. Patz line 1476 includes fauna among noun referents. Lines 2577-2584 source bare nominative ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Examples at lines 2021-2024 and 2568-2571 attest nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 define past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O in perception. Dictionary examples at lines 23876-23883 and 23968-23976 independently contain running-form nyajin. Exact Patz target search finds only murraja, in inflected stonefish/poking clauses; the other nine selected heads are absent. Rule 330 takes every selected fish reading from the dictionary and uses only bare support and past visual perception.


english: We two, not you, saw the kurrubal freshwater cod here.
kuku: Ngali kurrubal yaluy nyajin.
analysis: ngali kurrubal yaluy nyajin | 1du.excl.NOM kurrubal.freshwater.cod here see.PST
frame: r330_1du_excl_here_low_fish_saw_kurrubal
words_used: ["ngali", "kurrubal", "yaluy", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T08:15:47Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T08:16:57Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 16546-16556 give kurrubal as the noun for freshwater cod. Rule 330 admits freshwater-cod reference only and leaves species identity beyond the label, freshwater habitat proposition, size/appearance, movement, catching, food, possession, source, and event propositions closed. Patz line 1476 includes fauna among noun referents. Lines 2577-2584 source bare nominative ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Examples at lines 2021-2024 and 2568-2571 attest nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 define past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O in perception. Dictionary examples at lines 23876-23883 and 23968-23976 independently contain running-form nyajin. Exact Patz target search finds only murraja, in inflected stonefish/poking clauses; the other nine selected heads are absent. Rule 330 takes every selected fish reading from the dictionary and uses only bare support and past visual perception.


english: We two, not you, saw the murraja stonefish here.
kuku: Ngali murraja yaluy nyajin.
analysis: ngali murraja yaluy nyajin | 1du.excl.NOM murraja.stonefish here see.PST
frame: r330_1du_excl_here_low_fish_saw_murraja
words_used: ["ngali", "murraja", "yaluy", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.95
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T08:15:47Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T08:16:57Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 20981-20998 contain two agreeing noun records for murraja 'stonefish'. Patz lines 4279, 4340, 6505, and 6507 attest inflected murraja in clauses about poking. Rule 330 admits bare stonefish reference only and leaves potent/ergative/instrumental/locative morphology, poking, injury, foot/body contact, danger, story context, habitat, catching, food, possession, source, and events closed. Patz line 1476 includes fauna among noun referents. Lines 2577-2584 source bare nominative ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Examples at lines 2021-2024 and 2568-2571 attest nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 define past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O in perception. Dictionary examples at lines 23876-23883 and 23968-23976 independently contain running-form nyajin. Exact Patz target search finds only murraja, in inflected stonefish/poking clauses; the other nine selected heads are absent. Rule 330 takes every selected fish reading from the dictionary and uses only bare support and past visual perception.


english: We two, not you, saw the kubu-kubu tadpole here.
kuku: Ngali kubu-kubu yaluy nyajin.
analysis: ngali kubu-kubu yaluy nyajin | 1du.excl.NOM kubu.kubu.tadpole here see.PST
frame: r330_1du_excl_here_low_fish_saw_kubu_kubu
words_used: ["ngali", "kubu-kubu", "yaluy", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T08:15:47Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T08:16:57Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 14716-14729 give exact hyphenated kubu-kubu as a full-reduplicated noun for tadpole, based on kubu. Rule 330 admits the whole tadpole head only and leaves free-base use, productive reduplication, frog identity/transformation, life stage, water habitat, movement, catching, food, possession, source, and events closed. Patz line 1476 includes fauna among noun referents. Lines 2577-2584 source bare nominative ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Examples at lines 2021-2024 and 2568-2571 attest nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 define past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O in perception. Dictionary examples at lines 23876-23883 and 23968-23976 independently contain running-form nyajin. Exact Patz target search finds only murraja, in inflected stonefish/poking clauses; the other nine selected heads are absent. Rule 330 takes every selected fish reading from the dictionary and uses only bare support and past visual perception.


english: I saw the jimu grasshopper here.
kuku: Ngayu jimu yaluy nyajin.
analysis: ngayu jimu yaluy nyajin | 1sg.NOM jimu.grasshopper here see.PST
frame: r331_1sg_here_low_insect_saw_jimu
words_used: ["ngayu", "jimu", "yaluy", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T08:37:34Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T08:39:11Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 9295-9303 give jimu as the fauna-insect noun 'grasshopper'. Rule 331 admits grasshopper reference only and leaves number, body, colour, movement, jumping, flying, swarming, feeding, habitat, season, catching, source, possession, and event propositions closed. Patz line 1476 includes fauna among noun referents. Lines 2577-2586 source bare nominative ngayu, yundu, nyulu, and bula; running examples at lines 1947 and 2686 establish third-plural jana despite OCR iana in the paradigm table; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Examples at lines 2021-2024 and 2568-2571 attest nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 define past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O in perception. Dictionary examples at lines 23876-23883 and 23968-23976 independently contain running-form nyajin. Exact Patz search for all ten selected insect heads returned no occurrences, so every target sense remains dictionary-bounded. Rule 331 uses only bare insect reference and past visual perception.


english: I saw the kira-kira black ant here.
kuku: Ngayu kira-kira yaluy nyajin.
analysis: ngayu kira-kira yaluy nyajin | 1sg.NOM kira.kira.black.ant here see.PST
frame: r331_1sg_here_low_insect_saw_kira_kira
words_used: ["ngayu", "kira-kira", "yaluy", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.92
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T08:37:34Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T08:39:11Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 14450-14463 give exact hyphenated kira-kira as a full-reduplicated fauna-insect noun 'black ant', based on kira, and warn that it is homophonous with a reduplication of kira 'baby girl' but semantically distinct. Rule 331 admits the whole black-ant head only and leaves free-base use, productive reduplication, child reference, homonym identity, colour predication, colony, nest, behavior, food, sting/bite, source, possession, and events closed. Patz line 1476 includes fauna among noun referents. Lines 2577-2586 source bare nominative ngayu, yundu, nyulu, and bula; running examples at lines 1947 and 2686 establish third-plural jana despite OCR iana in the paradigm table; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Examples at lines 2021-2024 and 2568-2571 attest nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 define past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O in perception. Dictionary examples at lines 23876-23883 and 23968-23976 independently contain running-form nyajin. Exact Patz search for all ten selected insect heads returned no occurrences, so every target sense remains dictionary-bounded. Rule 331 uses only bare insect reference and past visual perception.


english: I saw the kuran case-moth larva here.
kuku: Ngayu kuran yaluy nyajin.
analysis: ngayu kuran yaluy nyajin | 1sg.NOM kuran.case.moth.larva here see.PST
frame: r331_1sg_here_low_insect_saw_kuran
words_used: ["ngayu", "kuran", "yaluy", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.91
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T08:37:34Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T08:39:11Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 16065-16076 give kuran as the fauna-insect noun 'larva of case moth', with prose saying it is edible and found in green wood. Rule 331 admits case-moth-larva reference only and leaves edibility, food, collection, green wood, habitat, life cycle, moth transformation, source, possession, and event propositions closed. Patz line 1476 includes fauna among noun referents. Lines 2577-2586 source bare nominative ngayu, yundu, nyulu, and bula; running examples at lines 1947 and 2686 establish third-plural jana despite OCR iana in the paradigm table; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Examples at lines 2021-2024 and 2568-2571 attest nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 define past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O in perception. Dictionary examples at lines 23876-23883 and 23968-23976 independently contain running-form nyajin. Exact Patz search for all ten selected insect heads returned no occurrences, so every target sense remains dictionary-bounded. Rule 331 uses only bare insect reference and past visual perception.


english: I saw the kurrmaja larvae here.
kuku: Ngayu kurrmaja yaluy nyajin.
analysis: ngayu kurrmaja yaluy nyajin | 1sg.NOM kurrmaja.larvae here see.PST
frame: r331_1sg_here_low_insect_saw_kurrmaja
words_used: ["ngayu", "kurrmaja", "yaluy", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.91
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T08:37:34Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T08:39:11Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 16507-16515 give kurrmaja as the fauna-insect noun 'larvae of green ants'. Rule 331 admits kurrmaja-larvae reference only and leaves green-ant identity/behavior, eggs or pupae, colony, nest, food, medicine, collection, preparation, source, possession, and event propositions closed. Patz line 1476 includes fauna among noun referents. Lines 2577-2586 source bare nominative ngayu, yundu, nyulu, and bula; running examples at lines 1947 and 2686 establish third-plural jana despite OCR iana in the paradigm table; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Examples at lines 2021-2024 and 2568-2571 attest nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 define past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O in perception. Dictionary examples at lines 23876-23883 and 23968-23976 independently contain running-form nyajin. Exact Patz search for all ten selected insect heads returned no occurrences, so every target sense remains dictionary-bounded. Rule 331 uses only bare insect reference and past visual perception.


english: I saw the murma wasp here.
kuku: Ngayu murma yaluy nyajin.
analysis: ngayu murma yaluy nyajin | 1sg.NOM murma.wasp here see.PST
frame: r331_1sg_here_low_insect_saw_murma
words_used: ["ngayu", "murma", "yaluy", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.92
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T08:37:34Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T08:39:11Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 20936-20944 give murma as the fauna-insect noun 'wasp', with prose specifying a small yellow paper wasp with a bad sting and a nest hanging in trees. Rule 331 admits wasp reference only and leaves size, paper-wasp taxonomy, colour, sting, pain/danger, nest, tree habitat, behavior, source, possession, and event propositions closed. Patz line 1476 includes fauna among noun referents. Lines 2577-2586 source bare nominative ngayu, yundu, nyulu, and bula; running examples at lines 1947 and 2686 establish third-plural jana despite OCR iana in the paradigm table; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Examples at lines 2021-2024 and 2568-2571 attest nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 define past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O in perception. Dictionary examples at lines 23876-23883 and 23968-23976 independently contain running-form nyajin. Exact Patz search for all ten selected insect heads returned no occurrences, so every target sense remains dictionary-bounded. Rule 331 uses only bare insect reference and past visual perception.


english: I saw the durra caterpillar here.
kuku: Ngayu durra yaluy nyajin.
analysis: ngayu durra yaluy nyajin | 1sg.NOM durra.caterpillar here see.PST
frame: r331_1sg_here_low_insect_saw_durra
words_used: ["ngayu", "durra", "yaluy", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.90
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T08:37:34Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T08:39:11Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 6696-6707 give durra as the fauna-insect noun 'caterpillar, worm', with caterpillar as the primary gloss. Rule 331 selects caterpillar reference only and leaves worm equivalence, feeding, growth, wrapping, transformation, moth identity, life cycle, habitat, source, possession, and event propositions closed. Patz line 1476 includes fauna among noun referents. Lines 2577-2586 source bare nominative ngayu, yundu, nyulu, and bula; running examples at lines 1947 and 2686 establish third-plural jana despite OCR iana in the paradigm table; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Examples at lines 2021-2024 and 2568-2571 attest nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 define past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O in perception. Dictionary examples at lines 23876-23883 and 23968-23976 independently contain running-form nyajin. Exact Patz search for all ten selected insect heads returned no occurrences, so every target sense remains dictionary-bounded. Rule 331 uses only bare insect reference and past visual perception.


english: I saw the jiljay grub here.
kuku: Ngayu jiljay yaluy nyajin.
analysis: ngayu jiljay yaluy nyajin | 1sg.NOM jiljay.grub here see.PST
frame: r331_1sg_here_low_insect_saw_jiljay
words_used: ["ngayu", "jiljay", "yaluy", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.90
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T08:37:34Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T08:39:11Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 9160-9168 give jiljay as the fauna-insect noun 'grub found in antbed'. Rule 331 admits jiljay-grub reference only and leaves antbed location/habitat, gathering, fishing bait, strength, weight, catching, source, possession, and prior-row event propositions closed. Patz line 1476 includes fauna among noun referents. Lines 2577-2586 source bare nominative ngayu, yundu, nyulu, and bula; running examples at lines 1947 and 2686 establish third-plural jana despite OCR iana in the paradigm table; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Examples at lines 2021-2024 and 2568-2571 attest nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 define past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O in perception. Dictionary examples at lines 23876-23883 and 23968-23976 independently contain running-form nyajin. Exact Patz search for all ten selected insect heads returned no occurrences, so every target sense remains dictionary-bounded. Rule 331 uses only bare insect reference and past visual perception.


english: I saw the kandal maggot here.
kuku: Ngayu kandal yaluy nyajin.
analysis: ngayu kandal yaluy nyajin | 1sg.NOM kandal.maggot here see.PST
frame: r331_1sg_here_low_insect_saw_kandal
words_used: ["ngayu", "kandal", "yaluy", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T08:37:34Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T08:39:11Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 13147-13157 give kandal as the fauna-insect noun 'maggot' and comment that a maggot is a fly larva. Rule 331 admits maggot reference only and leaves fly identity, egg/larval relation, life cycle, carrion or food spoilage, habitat, source, possession, and event propositions closed. Patz line 1476 includes fauna among noun referents. Lines 2577-2586 source bare nominative ngayu, yundu, nyulu, and bula; running examples at lines 1947 and 2686 establish third-plural jana despite OCR iana in the paradigm table; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Examples at lines 2021-2024 and 2568-2571 attest nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 define past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O in perception. Dictionary examples at lines 23876-23883 and 23968-23976 independently contain running-form nyajin. Exact Patz search for all ten selected insect heads returned no occurrences, so every target sense remains dictionary-bounded. Rule 331 uses only bare insect reference and past visual perception.


english: I saw the kinga caterpillar here.
kuku: Ngayu kinga yaluy nyajin.
analysis: ngayu kinga yaluy nyajin | 1sg.NOM kinga.caterpillar here see.PST
frame: r331_1sg_here_low_insect_saw_kinga
words_used: ["ngayu", "kinga", "yaluy", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T08:37:34Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T08:39:11Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 14352-14360 give kinga as the fauna-insect noun 'caterpillar'; the adjacent derived verb kinga-dungay at lines 14361-14372 means a shocked feeling or goose pimples. Rule 331 admits caterpillar reference only and leaves the derived body-state form, derivational decomposition, feeding, movement, transformation, habitat, source, possession, and event propositions closed. Patz line 1476 includes fauna among noun referents. Lines 2577-2586 source bare nominative ngayu, yundu, nyulu, and bula; running examples at lines 1947 and 2686 establish third-plural jana despite OCR iana in the paradigm table; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Examples at lines 2021-2024 and 2568-2571 attest nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 define past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O in perception. Dictionary examples at lines 23876-23883 and 23968-23976 independently contain running-form nyajin. Exact Patz search for all ten selected insect heads returned no occurrences, so every target sense remains dictionary-bounded. Rule 331 uses only bare insect reference and past visual perception.


english: I saw the birinjil centipede here.
kuku: Ngayu birinjil yaluy nyajin.
analysis: ngayu birinjil yaluy nyajin | 1sg.NOM birinjil.centipede here see.PST
frame: r331_1sg_here_low_insect_saw_birinjil
words_used: ["ngayu", "birinjil", "yaluy", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T08:37:34Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T08:39:11Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 3118-3126 give birinjil as the fauna-insect noun 'centipede'. Rule 331 admits centipede reference only and leaves body/leg count, crawling, bark/stone habitat, bite/danger, blanket/bedding, source, possession, and prior-row event propositions closed. Patz line 1476 includes fauna among noun referents. Lines 2577-2586 source bare nominative ngayu, yundu, nyulu, and bula; running examples at lines 1947 and 2686 establish third-plural jana despite OCR iana in the paradigm table; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Examples at lines 2021-2024 and 2568-2571 attest nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 define past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O in perception. Dictionary examples at lines 23876-23883 and 23968-23976 independently contain running-form nyajin. Exact Patz search for all ten selected insect heads returned no occurrences, so every target sense remains dictionary-bounded. Rule 331 uses only bare insect reference and past visual perception.


english: We two, not you, saw the jimu grasshopper here.
kuku: Ngali jimu yaluy nyajin.
analysis: ngali jimu yaluy nyajin | 1du.excl.NOM jimu.grasshopper here see.PST
frame: r332_1du_excl_here_insect_saw_jimu
words_used: ["ngali", "jimu", "yaluy", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T09:01:15Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T09:02:23Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 9295-9303 give jimu as the fauna-insect noun 'grasshopper'. Rule 332 admits grasshopper reference only and leaves number, body, colour, movement, jumping, flying, swarming, feeding, habitat, season, catching, source, possession, and event propositions closed. Patz line 1476 includes fauna among noun referents. Lines 2577-2584 source bare nominative ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Examples at lines 2021-2024 and 2568-2571 attest nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 define past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O in perception. Dictionary examples at lines 23876-23883 and 23968-23976 independently contain running-form nyajin. Fresh exact Patz search for all ten selected insect heads returned no occurrences, so every target sense remains dictionary-bounded. Rule 332 adds five non-singular participant-number contrasts absent for every target and uses only bare insect reference and past visual perception.


english: We two, not you, saw the kira-kira black ant here.
kuku: Ngali kira-kira yaluy nyajin.
analysis: ngali kira-kira yaluy nyajin | 1du.excl.NOM kira.kira.black.ant here see.PST
frame: r332_1du_excl_here_insect_saw_kira_kira
words_used: ["ngali", "kira-kira", "yaluy", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.92
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T09:01:15Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T09:02:23Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 14450-14463 give exact hyphenated kira-kira as a full-reduplicated fauna-insect noun 'black ant', based on kira, and warn that it is homophonous with a reduplication of kira 'baby girl' but semantically distinct. Rule 332 admits the whole black-ant head only and leaves free-base use, productive reduplication, child reference, homonym identity, colour predication, colony, nest, behavior, food, sting/bite, source, possession, and events closed. Patz line 1476 includes fauna among noun referents. Lines 2577-2584 source bare nominative ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Examples at lines 2021-2024 and 2568-2571 attest nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 define past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O in perception. Dictionary examples at lines 23876-23883 and 23968-23976 independently contain running-form nyajin. Fresh exact Patz search for all ten selected insect heads returned no occurrences, so every target sense remains dictionary-bounded. Rule 332 adds five non-singular participant-number contrasts absent for every target and uses only bare insect reference and past visual perception.


english: We two, not you, saw the kuran case-moth larva here.
kuku: Ngali kuran yaluy nyajin.
analysis: ngali kuran yaluy nyajin | 1du.excl.NOM kuran.case.moth.larva here see.PST
frame: r332_1du_excl_here_insect_saw_kuran
words_used: ["ngali", "kuran", "yaluy", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.91
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T09:01:15Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T09:02:23Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 16065-16076 give kuran as the fauna-insect noun 'larva of case moth', with prose saying it is edible and found in green wood. Rule 332 admits case-moth-larva reference only and leaves edibility, food, collection, green wood, habitat, life cycle, moth transformation, source, possession, and event propositions closed. Patz line 1476 includes fauna among noun referents. Lines 2577-2584 source bare nominative ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Examples at lines 2021-2024 and 2568-2571 attest nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 define past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O in perception. Dictionary examples at lines 23876-23883 and 23968-23976 independently contain running-form nyajin. Fresh exact Patz search for all ten selected insect heads returned no occurrences, so every target sense remains dictionary-bounded. Rule 332 adds five non-singular participant-number contrasts absent for every target and uses only bare insect reference and past visual perception.


english: We two, not you, saw the kurrmaja larvae here.
kuku: Ngali kurrmaja yaluy nyajin.
analysis: ngali kurrmaja yaluy nyajin | 1du.excl.NOM kurrmaja.larvae here see.PST
frame: r332_1du_excl_here_insect_saw_kurrmaja
words_used: ["ngali", "kurrmaja", "yaluy", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.91
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T09:01:15Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T09:02:23Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 16507-16515 give kurrmaja as the fauna-insect noun 'larvae of green ants'. Rule 332 admits kurrmaja-larvae reference only and leaves green-ant identity/behavior, eggs or pupae, colony, nest, food, medicine, collection, preparation, source, possession, and event propositions closed. Patz line 1476 includes fauna among noun referents. Lines 2577-2584 source bare nominative ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Examples at lines 2021-2024 and 2568-2571 attest nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 define past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O in perception. Dictionary examples at lines 23876-23883 and 23968-23976 independently contain running-form nyajin. Fresh exact Patz search for all ten selected insect heads returned no occurrences, so every target sense remains dictionary-bounded. Rule 332 adds five non-singular participant-number contrasts absent for every target and uses only bare insect reference and past visual perception.


english: We two, not you, saw the murma wasp here.
kuku: Ngali murma yaluy nyajin.
analysis: ngali murma yaluy nyajin | 1du.excl.NOM murma.wasp here see.PST
frame: r332_1du_excl_here_insect_saw_murma
words_used: ["ngali", "murma", "yaluy", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.92
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T09:01:15Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T09:02:23Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 20936-20944 give murma as the fauna-insect noun 'wasp', with prose specifying a small yellow paper wasp with a bad sting and a nest hanging in trees. Rule 332 admits wasp reference only and leaves size, paper-wasp taxonomy, colour, sting, pain/danger, nest, tree habitat, behavior, source, possession, and event propositions closed. Patz line 1476 includes fauna among noun referents. Lines 2577-2584 source bare nominative ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Examples at lines 2021-2024 and 2568-2571 attest nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 define past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O in perception. Dictionary examples at lines 23876-23883 and 23968-23976 independently contain running-form nyajin. Fresh exact Patz search for all ten selected insect heads returned no occurrences, so every target sense remains dictionary-bounded. Rule 332 adds five non-singular participant-number contrasts absent for every target and uses only bare insect reference and past visual perception.


english: We two, not you, saw the durra caterpillar here.
kuku: Ngali durra yaluy nyajin.
analysis: ngali durra yaluy nyajin | 1du.excl.NOM durra.caterpillar here see.PST
frame: r332_1du_excl_here_insect_saw_durra
words_used: ["ngali", "durra", "yaluy", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.90
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T09:01:15Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T09:02:23Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 6696-6707 give durra as the fauna-insect noun 'caterpillar, worm', with caterpillar as the primary gloss. Rule 332 selects caterpillar reference only and leaves worm equivalence, feeding, growth, wrapping, transformation, moth identity, life cycle, habitat, source, possession, and event propositions closed. Patz line 1476 includes fauna among noun referents. Lines 2577-2584 source bare nominative ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Examples at lines 2021-2024 and 2568-2571 attest nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 define past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O in perception. Dictionary examples at lines 23876-23883 and 23968-23976 independently contain running-form nyajin. Fresh exact Patz search for all ten selected insect heads returned no occurrences, so every target sense remains dictionary-bounded. Rule 332 adds five non-singular participant-number contrasts absent for every target and uses only bare insect reference and past visual perception.


english: We two, not you, saw the jiljay grub here.
kuku: Ngali jiljay yaluy nyajin.
analysis: ngali jiljay yaluy nyajin | 1du.excl.NOM jiljay.grub here see.PST
frame: r332_1du_excl_here_insect_saw_jiljay
words_used: ["ngali", "jiljay", "yaluy", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.90
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T09:01:15Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T09:02:23Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 9160-9168 give jiljay as the fauna-insect noun 'grub found in antbed'. Rule 332 admits jiljay-grub reference only and leaves antbed location/habitat, gathering, fishing bait, strength, weight, catching, source, possession, and prior-row event propositions closed. Patz line 1476 includes fauna among noun referents. Lines 2577-2584 source bare nominative ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Examples at lines 2021-2024 and 2568-2571 attest nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 define past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O in perception. Dictionary examples at lines 23876-23883 and 23968-23976 independently contain running-form nyajin. Fresh exact Patz search for all ten selected insect heads returned no occurrences, so every target sense remains dictionary-bounded. Rule 332 adds five non-singular participant-number contrasts absent for every target and uses only bare insect reference and past visual perception.


english: We two, not you, saw the kandal maggot here.
kuku: Ngali kandal yaluy nyajin.
analysis: ngali kandal yaluy nyajin | 1du.excl.NOM kandal.maggot here see.PST
frame: r332_1du_excl_here_insect_saw_kandal
words_used: ["ngali", "kandal", "yaluy", "nyajin"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic_pending_elder_verification
author: codex-main
created_at: 2026-07-10T09:01:15Z
updated_at: 2026-07-10T09:02:23Z
evidence:
Dictionary yaml lines 13147-13157 give kandal as the fauna-insect noun 'maggot' and comment that a maggot is a fly larva. Rule 332 admits maggot reference only and leaves fly identity, egg/larval relation, life cycle, carrion or food spoilage, habitat, source, possession, and event propositions closed. Patz line 1476 includes fauna among noun referents. Lines 2577-2584 source bare nominative ngali, ngaliny, yubal, yurra, and ngana; lines 2834-2847 source Yalanji yaluy 'here' and yinyay 'there'. Examples at lines 2021-2024 and 2568-2571 attest nyaji-ny 'see-PAST', lines 3160-3162 define past -ny, and lines 4256-4265 license nominative pronoun A with bare absolutive O in perception. Dictionary examples at lines 23876-23883 and 23968-23976 independently contain running-form nyajin. Fresh exact Patz search for all ten selected insect heads returned no occurrences, so every target sense remains dictionary-bounded. Rule 332 adds five non-singular participant-number contrasts absent for every target and uses only bare insect reference and past visual perception.


