# sentences

english: Remember it my way tonight and your way tomorrow — a story with two memories lives twice.
frame: everyday
words_used: []
loans_used: []
evidence: plural memory
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:00:45.672981+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:05:37.776301+00:00
kuku:
Milka nyaji jina ngaykumunyji wujurrba, jina yundumunyji wunkuny: kuku-jangkar milka-binal-jambul-ji juran jambulku.

analysis:
milka nyaji jina ngayku-muny-ji wujurr-ba, jina yundu-muny-ji wunkuny: kuku-jangkar milka-binal-jambul-ji juran jambul-ku | remember! way my-COMIT tonight, way your-COMIT tomorrow: story memory-two-COMIT alive twice


english: Dreams are the day's unfinished words, grandmother said — finish the ending awake.
kuku: Bijarr nyulu kuku wungarmuny kunbay-manil-kari, babingka balkan: bada kunbay-mani miyil ngalkal-ji.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["bijarr"]
loans_used: []
evidence: bijarr dream(n) FIRST USE
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:00:45.672981+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:05:37.776301+00:00
analysis:
bijarr nyulu kuku wungar-muny kunba-y-mani-l-kari, babi-ngka balka-ny: bada kunba-y-mani miyil ngalkal-ji | dream it word day-of unfinished, grandmother-ERG said: ending finish! eye open-COMIT


english: Doubt the too-sweet story; truth usually arrives with wet feet.
kuku: Warmbi kuku-jangkar jiba-wulay bajaku: manubaja jina yaru-ji yabarrka kadal.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["warmbill"]
loans_used: []
evidence: nine words; truth-has-wet-feet
status: accepted
confidence: 0.95
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:00:45.672981+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:05:37.776301+00:00
analysis:
warmbi kuku-jangkar jiba-wulay bajaku: manubaja jina yaru-ji yabarrka kada-l | doubt! story sweet too: truth foot wet-COMIT usually comes


english: What did the old people call knowledge that walks around telling itself? — A dog with no camp.
kuku: Wanyu bama mukulbu kunjan binal jilbalmuny nyulu-nyulu balkalmuny? Kaya bayan-kari.
frame: question
words_used: []
loans_used: []
evidence: gossip defined
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:00:45.672981+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:05:37.776301+00:00
analysis:
wanyu bama mukul-bu kunja-ny binal jilba-l-muny nyulu-nyulu balka-l-muny? kaya bayan-kari | what people old-ERG called knowledge walking-of itself telling-of? dog camp-PRIV


english: Tell me again, slowly — my ears were walking somewhere else.
kuku: Milbi baja, buban-buban: milka ngayku jilban bubuku yinduku.
frame: everyday
words_used: []
loans_used: []
evidence: apology-for-inattention
status: accepted
confidence: 0.95
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:04:51.840375+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:05:37.776301+00:00
analysis:
milbi baja, buban-buban: milka ngayku jilba-ny bubu-ku yindu-ku | tell! again, slowly: ear my walked place-DAT other-DAT


english: The truth is heavier before you say it, and lighter after — carry it out.
kuku: Manubaja dandi-baja balkanka ngadiku, kima-baja badaku: wundi nyulu ngalkalku.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["manubaja"]
loans_used: []
evidence: confession physics
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:04:51.840375+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:05:37.776301+00:00
analysis:
manubaja dandi-baja balka-nka ngadiku, kima-baja bada-ku: wundi nyulu ngalkal-ku | truth heavier-DEG2 saying before, lighter-DEG2 after: carry! it open-DAT


english: Maybe he is late, maybe he is hurt, maybe he found honey — we start walking at the second maybe.
kuku: Nguba nyulu badaku, nguba nyulu baykanmuny, nguba nyulu wunba manin: ngana dungay kuku jambulkungu.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["nguba"]
loans_used: []
evidence: triage by maybe-ladder; u-LOC scan catch
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:04:51.840375+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:05:37.776301+00:00
analysis:
nguba nyulu bada-ku, nguba nyulu bayka-ny-muny, nguba nyulu wunba mani-ny: ngana dunga-y kuku jambul-ku-ngu | maybe he late, maybe he hurt-of, maybe he honey found: we go word second-LOC


english: Did you hear it yourself, or did the wind bring it? — The wind. — Then tie it loosely.
kuku: Yundu milka-janan nyubunji, yambada muyarbu wundin? Muyarbu. Yalada kaja kimabu.
frame: question
words_used: []
loans_used: []
evidence: evidential triage
status: accepted
confidence: 0.95
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:04:51.840375+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:05:37.776301+00:00
analysis:
yundu milka-jana-ny nyubun-ji, yambada muyar-bu wundi-ny? muyar-bu. yala-da kaja kima-bu | you heard alone, or wind-ERG carried? wind-ERG. then tie! loose-INST


frame: narrative
words_used: []
loans_used: []
evidence: the untold story
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:04:51.840375+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:05:37.776301+00:00
english:
The old man kept one story he never told, and everyone knew he had it, and that was a kind of telling too.

kuku:
Mukulungku dingkarangka kuku-jangkar nyubun kujin kariku balkanmuny, bama wubulkubu binal nyulu karrbal, yinya baja milbil-jina nyubun.

analysis:
mukul-ungku dingkar-angka kuku-jangkar nyubun kuji-ny kariku balka-ny-muny, bama wubul-ku-bu binal nyulu karrba-l, yinya baja milbil-jina nyubun | old man story one kept never told-of, people all-ERG knew he holds, that too telling-kind one


english: Ask her — my version has been out in the sun too long.
kuku: Babaji nyulu: kuku-jangkar ngayku janan wungara kalbay bajaku.
frame: everyday
words_used: []
loans_used: []
evidence: memory-decay honesty
status: accepted
confidence: 0.95
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:04:51.840375+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:05:37.776301+00:00
analysis:
babaji nyulu: kuku-jangkar ngayku jana-ny wungar-a kalbay bajaku | ask! her: story my stood sun-LOC long too


kuku: Kuku-dandi balkanmuny wujurrba balkal baja wungara: kukubu nyaji-bama wawu-manil yala bayabu kulji.
frame: teaching
words_used: []
loans_used: []
evidence: daylight ratification; wungar-a LOC (scan catch)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:04:51.840375+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:05:37.776301+00:00
english:
A promise spoken at night must be said again in daylight — words need witnesses the way fires need stones.

analysis:
kuku-dandi balka-ny-muny wujurr-ba balka-l baja wungar-a: kuku-bu nyaji-bama wawu-ma-ni-l yala baya-bu kulji | promise spoken-of night-LOC says again day-LOC: word-ERG witness needs like fire-ERG stone


english: He believed the shortcut, and now he believes the swamp.
kuku: Nyulu baral buban manubaja-bungan, nyiku nyulu daburri manubaja-bungal.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["manubaja-bungal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: belief-updating comedy
status: accepted
confidence: 0.95
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:04:51.840375+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:05:37.776301+00:00
analysis:
nyulu baral buban manubaja-bunga-ny, nyiku nyulu daburri manubaja-bunga-l | he road short believed, now he swamp believes


frame: teaching
words_used: ["yurmbil"]
loans_used: []
evidence: secret-as-seed
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:04:51.840375+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:05:37.776301+00:00
english:
Little one, a secret is not a stone you swallow; it is a seed — plant it with the right person, or it grows crooked.

kuku:
Bubanku, kuku ngakijinmuny kari kulji yundu yurmbilmuny: nyulu diburr: yijarri bamanda yukilanda, yambada nyulu yalbay-mal mumbu.

analysis:
buban-ku, kuku ngakiji-ny-muny kari kulji yundu yurmbi-l-muny: nyulu diburr: yijarri bama-nda yukil-anda, yambada nyulu yalbay-ma-l mumbu | little.one-DAT, word hidden-of NEG stone you swallow-of: it seed: plant! person-LOC right-LOC, or it grows bad


english: The dogs believed him before the people did — dogs read the walk, not the words.
kuku: Kayabu nyulu manubaja-bungan bama ngadiku: kayabu jilba nyajil, kari kuku.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["manubaja-bungal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: embodied credibility
status: accepted
confidence: 0.95
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:04:51.840375+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:05:37.776301+00:00
analysis:
kaya-bu nyulu manubaja-bunga-ny bama ngadiku: kaya-bu jilba nyaji-l, kari kuku | dog-ERG him believed people before: dog-ERG walk reads, NEG words


frame: question
words_used: ["manubaja"]
loans_used: []
evidence: country as arbiter
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:04:51.840375+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:05:37.776301+00:00
english:
Which story is true? — Walk to the place and look with your own eyes; the country will judge both tellers.

kuku:
Wanjaku kuku-jangkar manubaja? Jilba bubuku, nyaji miyilbu yundumunybu: bububu balkal-bama jambul nyajil.

analysis:
wanjaku kuku-jangkar manubaja? jilba bubu-ku, nyaji miyil-bu yundu-muny-bu: bubu-bu balka-l-bama jambul nyaji-l | which story truth? walk! place-DAT, look! eye-INST your-INST: country-ERG tellers both judges


frame: narrative
words_used: ["manubaja"]
loans_used: []
evidence: honest embellishment
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:04:51.840375+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:05:37.776301+00:00
english:
Grandfather's stories grew a little every year, and the true parts grew strongest — a good story feeds its bones first.

kuku:
Kuku-jangkar kamimuny yalbay-man buban wawu nyubun-nyubunba, daji manubajamuny junkurr-man bajaku: kuku-jangkar yukilbu bajibay nyungu mayi-dayal ngadiku-ngurr.

analysis:
kuku-jangkar kami-muny yalbay-ma-ny buban wawu nyubun-nyubun-ba, daji manubaja-muny junkurr-ma-ny bajaku: kuku-jangkar yukil-bu bajibay nyungu mayi-daya-l ngadiku-ngurr | story grandfather-of grew little year every-LOC, part truth-of strong-became most: story good-ERG bones its feeds first-TEMP3


kuku: 'Ngayu binal-kari' balka muku dandi-ji: kuku junkurr bajaku kukungu, wulbumanangka balkan.
frame: teaching
words_used: []
loans_used: []
evidence: dignity of binal-kari
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:04:51.840375+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:05:37.776301+00:00
english:
Say I-don't-know with a straight back — it is the strongest sentence in the language, the old woman said.

analysis:
'ngayu binal-kari' balka muku dandi-ji: kuku junkurr bajaku kuku-ngu, wulbuman-angka balka-ny | I know-PRIV say! back firm-COMIT: sentence strong most language-LOC, old.woman said


english: The liar's fire needs wood every night; the truth sleeps and wakes warm.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["warmbiji"]
loans_used: []
evidence: maintenance-cost of lies
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:04:51.840375+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:05:37.776301+00:00
kuku:
Bama warmbijilmuny baya nyungu juku wawu-manil wujurr nyubun-nyubunba: manubaja wunay, wandil wumbul.

analysis:
bama warmbiji-l-muny baya nyungu juku wawu-ma-ni-l wujurr nyubun-nyubun-ba: manubaja wuna-y, wandi-l wumbul | person lying-of fire his wood needs night every-LOC: truth sleeps, wakes warm


english: Doubt me, please — then come and see, and we two will both know one thing instead of half each.
kuku: Warmbi kuku ngayku: yalada kaday nyaji, ngali binal-mal yamba nyubun, kari daji-daji.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["warmbill"]
loans_used: []
evidence: invited verification
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:04:51.840375+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:05:37.776301+00:00
analysis:
warmbi kuku ngayku: yala-da kada-y nyaji, ngali binal-ma-l yamba nyubun, kari daji-daji | doubt! word my: then come! see!, we.two know thing one, NEG half-half


english: The old people say the country speaks in dreams to the ones who have listened all day first.
kuku: Bama mukulbu balkal bubu balkal bijarrbu bamanka milka-jananmunyka wungar wubulku ngadiku.
frame: narrative
words_used: ["bijarr"]
loans_used: []
evidence: reported lore
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:04:51.840375+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:05:37.776301+00:00
analysis:
bama mukul-bu balka-l bubu balka-l bijarr-bu bama-nka milka-jana-ny-muny-ka wungar wubul-ku ngadiku | people old-ERG say country speaks dream-INST person-DAT listened-of-DAT day whole first


frame: narrative
words_used: []
loans_used: ["school"]
evidence: bilingual word-trade
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:04:51.840375+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:05:37.776301+00:00
english:
The child brought the school words home, and grandmother traded one old word for each of them — both bags went home full.

kuku:
Karrkaybu kuku school-muny wundin bayanka, babingka kuku mukul nyubun dayan nyubun-nyubunka: balji jambul dungan bayanka jakal-ji.

analysis:
karrkay-bu kuku school-muny wundi-ny bayan-ka, babi-ngka kuku mukul nyubun daya-ny nyubun-nyubun-ka: balji jambul dunga-ny bayan-ka jakal-ji | child-ERG words school-from carried home-DAT, grandmother-ERG word old one gave each-DAT: bag two went home-DAT full-COMIT


frame: everyday
words_used: []
loans_used: []
evidence: rumor-starving policy
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:04:51.840375+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:05:37.776301+00:00
english:
The rumor ran around the camp three times and came home tired and thinner — feed stories only what they have earned.

kuku:
Kuku-warri bayan murnin kulurbu, kadan baja baja-burray bala-baja: mayi-daya kuku-jangkar nganga wanyu jana maninmuny.

analysis:
kuku-warri bayan murni-ny kulur-bu, kada-ny baja baja-burray bala-baja: mayi-daya kuku-jangkar nganga wanyu jana mani-ny-muny | rumor camp circled three-INST, came back tired thinner-DEG2: feed! story only what they earned-of


english: Yes and no are both whole answers; the crooked one is the maybe that means no.
kuku: 'Yuwu' 'kari' jambul kuku-balkan yukil: mumbu nyulu 'nguba' 'kari' balkalmuny.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["nguba"]
loans_used: []
evidence: the dishonest maybe
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:04:51.840375+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:05:37.776301+00:00
analysis:
'yuwu' 'kari' jambul kuku-balka-ny yukil: mumbu nyulu 'nguba' 'kari' balka-l-muny | yes no both answer whole: bad it maybe no meaning-of


frame: teaching
words_used: []
loans_used: []
evidence: source-chain audit
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:04:51.840375+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:05:37.776301+00:00
english:
Three tellers, one river story: the first saw it, the second heard the first, the third dreamed loudly — sort your firewood before you burn it.

kuku:
Balkal-bama kulur, kuku-jangkar wawubajamuny nyubun: ngadikubu nyajin, jambulkubu ngadiku milka-janan, kulurkubu bijarril junkurrbu: baya-juku nyaji wajunka ngadiku.

analysis:
balka-l-bama kulur, kuku-jangkar wawubaja-muny nyubun: ngadiku-bu nyaji-ny, jambul-ku-bu ngadiku milka-jana-ny, kulur-ku-bu bijarri-l junkurr-bu: baya-juku nyaji waju-nka ngadiku | teller three, story river-of one: first-ERG saw, second-ERG first heard, third-ERG dreams loud-INST: firewood sort! burning before


english: Show it with your hand in the sand first of all; some words are only believed with a face.
kuku: Milbi marabu jukara ngadiku-ngurr: kuku nyubun-nyubun walu-ji nganga manubaja-bunganmuny.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["manubaja-bungal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: sand-diagram pedagogy
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:04:51.840375+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:05:37.776301+00:00
analysis:
milbi mara-bu jukar-a ngadiku-ngurr: kuku nyubun-nyubun walu-ji nganga manubaja-bunga-ny-muny | show! hand-INST sand-LOC first-TEMP3: word some face-COMIT only believed-of


english: The proudest hunter tells the shortest stories — the meat speaks for him.
kuku: Balbi-bama junkurr bajaku kuku-jangkar buban bajaku balkal: minyabu balkal nyungunka.
frame: everyday
words_used: []
loans_used: []
evidence: evidence outranks narration
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:04:51.840375+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:05:37.776301+00:00
analysis:
balbi-bama junkurr bajaku kuku-jangkar buban bajaku balka-l: minya-bu balka-l nyungu-nka | hunter proud most story short most tells: meat-ERG speaks him-for


english: Keep the family stories in more than one head — a single fire can take a whole camp of words.
kuku: Kuku-jangkar jawun-karramuny karrba dukulba wubulba: bayabu nyubunbu bayan kukumuny wubulku manil.
frame: teaching
words_used: []
loans_used: []
evidence: redundancy as preservation
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:04:51.840375+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:05:37.776301+00:00
analysis:
kuku-jangkar jawun-karra-muny karrba dukul-ba wubul-ba: baya-bu nyubun-bu bayan kuku-muny wubul-ku mani-l | story family-of keep! head-LOC many-LOC: fire-ERG one-ERG camp word-of whole takes


frame: everyday
words_used: []
loans_used: []
evidence: capstone: speech builds people
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:04:51.840375+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:05:37.776301+00:00
english:
We are what we witnessed, half of what we were told, and a little of what we hope — speak carefully, you are building people.

kuku:
Ngana yinya wanyu ngana nyajin, daji wanyu ngananka milbinmuny, buban wanyu ngana wawu-manil: balka miyil-ji, yundu bama bungal.

analysis:
ngana yinya wanyu ngana nyaji-ny, daji wanyu ngana-nka milbi-ny-muny, buban wanyu ngana wawu-ma-ni-l: balka miyil-ji, yundu bama bunga-l | we that what we saw, half what us-DAT told-of, little what we hope: speak! carefully, you people build


english: Are you angry with me? — Not angry, little one; worried. They wear the same face at first.
frame: question
words_used: ["dukul-wuri", "wawu-buyun"]
loans_used: []
evidence: dukul-wuri VINDICATED; wawu-buyun FIRST USE
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:11:28.653660+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:15:59.847627+00:00
kuku:
Yundu dukul-wuri ngaykunka? Kari dukul-wuri, bubanku: wawu-buyun. Jambulbu walu nyubun karrbal ngadiku.

analysis:
yundu dukul-wuri ngayku-nka? kari dukul-wuri, buban-ku: wawu-buyun. jambul-bu walu nyubun karrba-l ngadiku | you angry me-DAT? NEG angry, little.one-DAT: worried. both-ERG face one wear at.first


english: The lonely one sits close to the fire's talk.
kuku: Bama jirrbu-jirrbu bundal ngundu kuku-balkanka bayamuny.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["jirrbu-jirrbu"]
loans_used: []
evidence: lonely FIRST USE; seven words
status: accepted
confidence: 0.95
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:11:28.653660+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:15:59.847627+00:00
analysis:
bama jirrbu-jirrbu bunda-l ngundu kuku-balka-nka baya-muny | person lonely sits close.by talk-DAT fire-of


english: Happiness sneaks in through the small doors: warm food, a dry blanket, a child asleep on your arm.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["wawu-mini"]
loans_used: []
evidence: small-doors happiness
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:11:28.653660+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:15:59.847627+00:00
kuku:
Wawu-mini walal baral-ngandalburr bubanburr: mayi wumbul, kararr marral, karrkay wunanya wakuyba yundumunyba.

analysis:
wawu-mini wala-l baral-ngandal-burr buban-burr: mayi wumbul, kararr marral, karrkay wuna-nya wakuy-ba yundu-muny-ba | happiness enters door-PERL small-PERL: food warm, blanket dry, child sleep-SUB arm-LOC your-LOC


english: He got angry the slow way, like water heating — and everyone had time to move the children.
kuku: Nyulu kana-baykan buban-buban, yala bana wumbul-manya: bama wubulkubu karrkay wundin kala-kalbayku.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["kana-baykal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: kana-baykal FIRST USE
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:11:28.653660+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:15:59.847627+00:00
analysis:
nyulu kana-bayka-ny buban-buban, yala bana wumbul-ma-nya: bama wubul-ku-bu karrkay wundi-ny kala-kalbay-ku | he got.angry slowly, like water warm-become-SUB: people all-ERG children carried far.away-DAT


english: Jealousy counts the other man's fish and loses its own fire.
kuku: Ngujanbu kuyu bamamuny yindumuny kunjal, baya nyungu-nyungu bawal wulanka.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["ngujan"]
loans_used: []
evidence: ngujan FIRST USE
status: accepted
confidence: 0.95
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:11:28.653660+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:15:59.847627+00:00
analysis:
ngujan-bu kuyu bama-muny yindu-muny kunja-l, baya nyungu-nyungu bawa-l wula-nka | jealousy-ERG fish man-of other-of counts, fire own leaves die-PURP


frame: teaching
words_used: ["dukul-wuri", "jakay-jakay"]
loans_used: []
evidence: anger taxonomy; kulur-a single-r LOC (scan catch)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:11:28.653660+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:15:59.847627+00:00
english:
The old woman sorted anger into three baskets: dukul-wuri the hot head, jakay-jakay the prickling skin, kana-baykal the slow rising — name the basket, she said, and you are already halfway out of it.

kuku:
Wulbumanangka kuli yijarrin baljinga kulura: dukul-wuri dukul wumbul, jakay-jakay bangkarr jakay, kana-baykal wandil buban-buban: kunja wanjaku balji, nyulu balkan, yundu baralba ngalkalku ngadiku.

analysis:
wulbuman-angka kuli yijarri-ny balji-nga kulur-a: dukul-wuri dukul wumbul, jakay-jakay bangkarr jakay, kana-bayka-l wandi-l buban-buban: kunja wanjaku balji, nyulu balka-ny, yundu baral-ba ngalkal-ku ngadiku | old.woman anger sorted basket-LOC three-LOC: hot-head head hot, prickle skin prickling, slow-anger rises slowly: name! which basket, she said, you road-LOC out-DAT already


english: Say sorry with your hands too — mend what you broke, and pick up what you dropped.
kuku: Balka dukul-kulnkul marabu baja: murni wanyu yundu dumbarrin, mana wanyu yundu bawan.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["dukul-kulnkul"]
loans_used: []
evidence: embodied apology FIRST USE
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:11:28.653660+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:15:59.847627+00:00
analysis:
balka dukul-kulnkul mara-bu baja: murni wanyu yundu dumbarri-ny, mana wanyu yundu bawa-ny | say! sorry hand-INST too: mend! what you broke, take! what you dropped


english: The dog is tame; the boy's temper is not — train the more dangerous one first.
kuku: Kaya minday: kuli bubanmuny kari: binal-bunga yinya yinil-baja ngadiku-ngurr.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["minday"]
loans_used: []
evidence: minday tame FIRST USE
status: accepted
confidence: 0.95
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:11:28.653660+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:15:59.847627+00:00
analysis:
kaya minday: kuli buban-muny kari: binal-bunga yinya yinil-baja ngadiku-ngurr | dog tame: temper boy-of NEG: train! that dangerous-DEG2 first-TEMP3


kuku: Bilamal kadan kaminka hospital-ba, nyulu kalbal manin: burri bubumuny, bama kadanmunybu wundinmuny.
frame: narrative
words_used: ["bilamal", "kalbal"]
loans_used: ["hospital"]
evidence: bilamal FIRST USE; names as medicine
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:11:28.653660+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:15:59.847627+00:00
english:
Homesickness came for grandfather in the hospital, and he took as medicine the country names the visitors brought.

analysis:
bilamal kada-ny kami-nka hospital-ba, nyulu kalbal mani-ny: burri bubu-muny, bama kada-ny-muny-bu wundi-ny-muny | homesickness came grandfather-DAT hospital-LOC, he medicine took: names country-of, visitors-ERG brought-of


english: Don't tease the jealous one; that fire eats teasing like dry grass.
kuku: Kari yajarr-bunga bama ngujan-ji: bayabu yinyabu yajarr nukal yala jikan marral.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["ngujan"]
loans_used: []
evidence: fuel-management of envy
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:11:28.653660+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:15:59.847627+00:00
analysis:
kari yajarr-bunga bama ngujan-ji: baya-bu yinya-bu yajarr nuka-l yala jikan marral | NEG tease! person jealousy-COMIT: fire-ERG that-ERG teasing eats like grass dry


frame: everyday
words_used: ["ngangkay"]
loans_used: []
evidence: ngangkay FIRST USE
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:11:28.653660+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:15:59.847627+00:00
english:
Surprise made the hunter young again: he laughed like a boy when the turtle surfaced under his hand.

kuku:
Ngangkaybu balbi-bama warru-bungan baja: nyulu yajarr-man yala buban, ngawiya wandinya mara badabada nyungu.

analysis:
ngangkay-bu balbi-bama warru-bunga-ny baja: nyulu yajarr-ma-ny yala buban, ngawiya wandi-nya mara badabada nyungu | surprise-ERG hunter young-made again: he laughed like boy, turtle rise-SUB hand beneath his


frame: teaching
words_used: ["manun-manun"]
loans_used: []
evidence: kindness operationalized FIRST USE
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:11:28.653660+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:15:59.847627+00:00
english:
Kind is a doing-word here, the old woman said: manun-manun is as manun-manun does — bring wood, sit with the sick one, wait for the ones who are not fast.

kuku:
Manun-manun nyulu murni yanyaba, wulbumanangka balkan: manun-manun nyulu wanyu manun-manun murnil: juku mana, bunda bambaynji, janay bamanka warri-karinka.

analysis:
manun-manun nyulu murni yanya-ba, wulbuman-angka balka-ny: manun-manun nyulu wanyu manun-manun murni-l: juku mana, bunda bambay-nji, jana-y bama-nka warri-kari-nka | kind it doing this-LOC, old.woman said: kind it what kind does: wood get!, sit! sick-COMIT:pt, wait! people-DAT fast-less-DAT


english: The sea is calm this morning — marrka, the old people called it: the sea remembering its breath.
kuku: Jalun wunbu muduwajuny: 'marrka', bama mukulbu kunjan: jalun wawu nyungu milka-binalnya.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["marrka"]
loans_used: []
evidence: marrka calm-sea FIRST USE
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:11:28.653660+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:15:59.847627+00:00
analysis:
jalun wunbu muduwajuny: 'marrka', bama mukul-bu kunja-ny: jalun wawu nyungu milka-binal-nya | sea quiet morning-at: marrka, people old-ERG named: sea breath its remember-SUB


english: Hate is heavy luggage for a walking people — set it down when each new season comes.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["wawu-kari-bajaku"]
loans_used: []
evidence: hate FIRST USE; seasonal amnesty
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:11:28.653660+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:15:59.847627+00:00
kuku:
Wawu-kari-bajaku nyulu yamba dandi bajaku bama jilbalmunyka: yijarri nyulu bubungu, bana-wungar kadanya.

analysis:
wawu-kari-bajaku nyulu yamba dandi bajaku bama jilba-l-muny-ka: yijarri nyulu bubu-ngu, bana-wungar kada-nya | hate it thing heavy most people walking-of-DAT: set! it ground-LOC, wet.season come-SUB


english: Ashamed eyes look at feet; released eyes look at faces — help in the lifting of the head.
kuku: Miyil milka-murruji-ji nyajil jina, miyil bawanmuny-ji nyajil walu: mara-daji dukul wandi-bunganka.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["milka-murruji"]
loans_used: []
evidence: shame-posture
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:11:28.653660+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:15:59.847627+00:00
analysis:
miyil milka-murruji-ji nyaji-l jina, miyil bawa-ny-muny-ji nyaji-l walu: mara-daji dukul wandi-bunga-nka | eye ashamed-COMIT looks feet, eye released-of-COMIT looks faces: help! head raise-PURP


english: Why does shame come hardest to good people? — Because they open the door for it themselves.
frame: question
words_used: ["murru-kaday"]
loans_used: []
evidence: conscience paradox; correct murru- spelling
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:11:28.653660+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:15:59.847627+00:00
kuku:
Wanyurrinku murru-kaday kadal bamanka yukilanka dandi bajaku? Jana baral-ngandal ngalkal-bungal nyulu-nyulubu.

analysis:
wanyurrinku murru-kada-y kada-l bama-nka yukil-anka dandi bajaku? jana baral-ngandal ngalkal-bunga-l nyulu-nyulu-bu | why shame comes people-DAT good-DAT hard most? they door open-CAUS themselves-ERG


english: The worried mother counted the swimmers seven times, and the river forgave her all seven.
kuku: Ngamu wawu-buyunbu maraji-bama kunjan wubulkubu, wawubajabu nyulu bawan wubulku baja.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["wawu-buyun"]
loans_used: []
evidence: anxiety normalized
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:11:28.653660+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:15:59.847627+00:00
analysis:
ngamu wawu-buyun-bu maraji-bama kunja-ny wubul-ku-bu, wawubaja-bu nyulu bawa-ny wubul-ku baja | mother worried-ERG swimmers counted many-INST, river-ERG her forgave all too


english: Feelings are visitors, the old man said: feed them, hear their news, and walk them to the door.
frame: teaching
words_used: []
loans_used: []
evidence: guest-house doctrine
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:11:28.653660+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:15:59.847627+00:00
kuku:
Wawu-yamba jana ngarrbal, mukulungku dingkarangka balkan: mayi-daya jana, kuku janamuny milka-janay, jilba-bunga jana baral-ngandalka.

analysis:
wawu-yamba jana ngarrbal, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka balka-ny: mayi-daya jana, kuku jana-muny milka-jana-y, jilba-bunga jana baral-ngandal-ka | feelings they visitors, old man said: feed! them, news their hear!, walk-CAUS! them door-DAT


english: The tame one envies the bush one on calm days, and pities her in the storm.
kuku: Minya munabu ngura-nyajil minya bubumuny wungara wunbuba, dukul-kulnkul-mal jarramaliba.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["muna", "ngura-nyajil"]
loans_used: []
evidence: muna + ngura-nyaji-l FIRST USES; wungar-a LOC (scan catch)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:11:28.653660+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:15:59.847627+00:00
analysis:
minya muna-bu ngura-nyaji-l minya bubu-muny wungar-a wunbu-ba, dukul-kulnkul-ma-l jarramali-ba | animal tame-ERG envies animal bush-of day-LOC calm-LOC, sorry-becomes storm-LOC


english: Frighten the birds away from the drying fish, not the children away from the fire.
kuku: Yinyil-kanga waja kuyumuny marralmuny, kari karrkay bayamuny.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["yinyil-kangal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: yinyil-kanga-l FIRST USE
status: accepted
confidence: 0.95
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:11:28.653660+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:15:59.847627+00:00
analysis:
yinyil-kanga waja kuyu-muny marral-muny, kari karrkay baya-muny | frighten! crow fish-from drying-from, NEG children fire-from


english: Lonely and alone are different countries: he walked alone all day and arrived home un-lonely.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["jirrbu-jirrbu"]
loans_used: []
evidence: solitude vs loneliness
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:11:28.653660+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:15:59.847627+00:00
kuku:
Jirrbu-jirrbu nyubunji jambul bubu yindu-yindu: nyulu jilban nyubunji wungar wubulku, kadan bayanka jirrbu-jirrbu-kari.

analysis:
jirrbu-jirrbu nyubun-ji jambul bubu yindu-yindu: nyulu jilba-ny nyubun-ji wungar wubul-ku, kada-ny bayan-ka jirrbu-jirrbu-kari | lonely alone two country different: he walked alone day whole, came home-DAT lonely-PRIV


frame: narrative
words_used: ["walu-jirrbu-jirrbu"]
loans_used: []
evidence: sadness met with shelter FIRST USE
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:11:28.653660+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:15:59.847627+00:00
english:
Her sadness had a season, like the rains, and the camp built it a shelter instead of an argument — walu-jirrbu-jirrbu, they said gently, and kept her fire fed.

kuku:
Walu-jirrbu-jirrbu nyungumuny wungar-ji yala kaba, bayanbu nyunguka wabarr bungan, kari kuku-balka-way: 'walu-jirrbu-jirrbu', jana balkan kimabu, baya nyungu mayi-dayan yabarrka.

analysis:
walu-jirrbu-jirrbu nyungu-muny wungar-ji yala kaba, bayan-bu nyungu-ka wabarr bunga-ny, kari kuku-balka-way: 'walu-jirrbu-jirrbu', jana balka-ny kima-bu, baya nyungu mayi-daya-ny yabarrka | sadness her season-COMIT like rain, camp-ERG her-DAT shade built, NEG argument: sad, they said gently, fire her fed always


english: Angry words are true the way floodwater is wet — real, and no good for drinking.
kuku: Kuku dukul-wuri-ji manubaja yala jalungkarr yaru: manubaja, yambada mumbu nukanka.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["dukul-wuri"]
loans_used: []
evidence: anger-truth epistemology
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:11:28.653660+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:15:59.847627+00:00
analysis:
kuku dukul-wuri-ji manubaja yala jalungkarr yaru: manubaja, yambada mumbu nuka-nka | words angry-COMIT true like flood wet: true, but bad drink-PURP


english: Count what made you laugh this week; jealousy dies in that counting.
kuku: Kunja wanyu yundu yajarr-bungan wungar yanyaba: ngujan wulay kunjal yinyaba.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["ngujan"]
loans_used: []
evidence: gratitude arithmetic
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:11:28.653660+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:15:59.847627+00:00
analysis:
kunja wanyu yundu yajarr-bunga-ny wungar yanya-ba: ngujan wula-y kunja-l yinya-ba | count! what you laugh-made week this-LOC: jealousy dies counting that-LOC


english: Grandfather is not angry at the new net; he is angry that he needs it.
kuku: Kami kari dukul-wuri makarrka jirakalka: nyulu dukul-wuri, nyulu wawu-manilnya yinya.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["dukul-wuri"]
loans_used: []
evidence: anger's true object
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:15:22.602335+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:15:59.847627+00:00
analysis:
kami kari dukul-wuri makarr-ka jirakal-ka: nyulu dukul-wuri, nyulu wawu-ma-ni-l-nya yinya | grandfather NEG angry net-DAT new-DAT: he angry, he need-SUB that


english: Homesick in your own camp — that is longing for the people who sat here long ago.
kuku: Milka-bujar bayanba yundumunyba: yundu bama wawu-manil, jana yanyaba bundan mukulbu.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["milka-bujar"]
loans_used: []
evidence: milka-bujar FIRST USE
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:15:22.602335+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:15:59.847627+00:00
analysis:
milka-bujar bayan-ba yundu-muny-ba: yundu bama wawu-ma-ni-l, jana yanya-ba bunda-ny mukul-bu | homesick camp-LOC own-LOC: you people long.for, they here-LOC sat long.ago-INST


english: The frightened dog bites first; the frightened man talks loudest — fear has many faces.
kuku: Kaya yinil-ji bakal ngadiku-ngurr, bama yinil-ji balkal junkurr bajaku: yinil walu wubul-ji.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["yinil"]
loans_used: []
evidence: fear's disguises
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:15:22.602335+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:15:59.847627+00:00
analysis:
kaya yinil-ji baka-l ngadiku-ngurr, bama yinil-ji balka-l junkurr bajaku: yinil walu wubul-ji | dog fear-COMIT bites first-TEMP3, man fear-COMIT talks loud most: fear face many-COMIT


english: Say it while they are alive. The best words at a burying are the ones already heard.
kuku: Balka jana jurannya. Kuku yukil bajaku wulanmunyba jana kuku milka-jananmuny ngadiku.
frame: everyday
words_used: []
loans_used: []
evidence: say-it-now ethic
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:15:22.602335+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:15:59.847627+00:00
analysis:
balka jana juran-nya. kuku yukil bajaku wula-ny-muny-ba jana kuku milka-jana-ny-muny ngadiku | say! them alive-SUB. words best burying-LOC they words heard-of already


english: The baby's first laugh sent four grown people crawling on the floor to get the second one.
kuku: Yajarr ngadiku ngawamuny bama-yalbay jambul-jambul bubungu jilba-bungan jambulku maninka.
frame: everyday
words_used: []
loans_used: []
evidence: first-laugh economics
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:15:22.602335+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:15:59.847627+00:00
analysis:
yajarr ngadiku ngawa-muny bama-yalbay jambul-jambul bubu-ngu jilba-bunga-ny jambul-ku mani-nka | laugh first baby-of grown.people four ground-LOC crawl-CAUS second-DAT get-PURP


english: Quiet anger is fishing with no hook: you sit by the water a long time and catch nothing.
kuku: Kuli wunbu nyulu kuyu-mani badur-kari: yundu bundal banaba kalbayku, yamba-kari manil.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["badur"]
loans_used: []
evidence: sulking anatomized
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:15:22.602335+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:15:59.847627+00:00
analysis:
kuli wunbu nyulu kuyu-mani badur-kari: yundu bunda-l bana-ba kalbay-ku, yamba-kari mani-l | anger quiet it fishing hook-PRIV: you sit water-LOC long-DAT, nothing take


english: Shame and small-fear are neighbours; greet them differently.
kuku: Murru-kaday yinil-buban jambul bayan-jawun: yulmbarri jana yindu-yindubu.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["murru-kaday"]
loans_used: []
evidence: affect discrimination
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:15:22.602335+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:15:59.847627+00:00
analysis:
murru-kada-y yinil-buban jambul bayan-jawun: yulmbarri jana yindu-yindu-bu | shame fear-small two neighbours: greet! them differently-INST


english: Grandmother's calm was not weather; it was built.
kuku: Wunbu babimuny kari wungar-yamba: nyulu bunganmuny.
frame: everyday
words_used: []
loans_used: []
evidence: six words
status: accepted
confidence: 0.95
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:15:22.602335+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:15:59.847627+00:00
analysis:
wunbu babi-muny kari wungar-yamba: nyulu bunga-ny-muny | calm grandmother-of NEG weather-thing: it built-of


english: The generous man's fire is easy to find in the dark — many tracks point at it.
kuku: Baya bama jawaymuny ngalkal maninka wujurrba: jina wubulkubu milbil yinyaka.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["jaway"]
loans_used: []
evidence: generosity's beaten path
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:15:22.602335+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:15:59.847627+00:00
analysis:
baya bama jaway-muny ngalkal mani-nka wujurr-ba: jina wubul-ku-bu milbi-l yinya-ka | fire man generous-of easy find-PURP dark-LOC: track many-ERG points that-DAT


frame: teaching
words_used: ["yinyil-kangal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: fear vs respect
status: revised
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:15:22.602335+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
Do not make the child afraid of the water; make him respectful of it — one drowns swimmers, the other raises them.

kuku:
Kari karrkay yinyil-kanga bananka: binal-bunga nyulu yulmbarrinka: nyubunbu maraji-bama bana manil, yindubu jana wandi-bungal.

analysis:
kari karrkay yinyil-kanga bana-nka: binal-bunga nyulu yulmbarri-nka: nyubun-bu maraji-bama bana mani-l, yindu-bu jana wandi-bunga-l | NEG child frighten! water-DAT: teach! him respect-PURP: one-ERG swimmers water takes, other-ERG them raises


english: Old anger buried in the camp comes up in the drinking water — dig it out while it is small.
kuku: Kuli mukul ngakijinmuny bayanba wandil bana-nukalba: baka nyulu ngalkalku bubannya.
frame: everyday
words_used: []
loans_used: []
evidence: grievance hydrology
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:15:22.602335+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:15:59.847627+00:00
analysis:
kuli mukul ngakiji-ny-muny bayan-ba wandi-l bana-nuka-l-ba: baka nyulu ngalkal-ku buban-nya | anger old buried-of camp-LOC rises drinking.water-LOC: dig! it out-DAT small-SUB


english: The jealous one asked the moon why it praised the sun's light — and the moon kept walking.
kuku: Bama ngujan-jibu kija babajin wanyurrinku nyulu wungar milbil: kija jilban yabarrka.
frame: narrative
words_used: ["ngujan", "kija"]
loans_used: []
evidence: moon-envy fable; kija moon
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:15:22.602335+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:15:59.847627+00:00
analysis:
bama ngujan-ji-bu kija babaji-ny wanyurrinku nyulu wungar milbi-l: kija jilba-ny yabarrka | person jealous-COMIT-ERG moon asked why it sun praises: moon walked on


frame: teaching
words_used: ["wawu-buyun"]
loans_used: []
evidence: anxiety as empty grinding
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:15:22.602335+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:15:59.847627+00:00
english:
Worry is grinding with no seeds, the old man laughed: plenty of motion, no flour, and your arms are tired at dark.

kuku:
Wawu-buyun nyulu nyurrbal diburr-kari, mukulungku dingkarangka yajarr-man: murni wubul, mayi-kari, wakuy baja-burray wujurrba.

analysis:
wawu-buyun nyulu nyurrba-l diburr-kari, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka yajarr-ma-ny: murni wubul, mayi-kari, wakuy baja-burray wujurr-ba | worry it grinding seed-PRIV, old man laughed: motion much, food-PRIV, arm tired dark-LOC


english: Tame the morning before it tames you: rise first, and greet it by name.
kuku: Muna-bunga muduwaju yundu muna-bunganya ngadiku: wandi ngadiku-ngurr, yulmbarri nyulu burribu.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["muna"]
loans_used: []
evidence: morning discipline
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:15:22.602335+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:15:59.847627+00:00
analysis:
muna-bunga muduwaju yundu muna-bunga-nya ngadiku: wandi ngadiku-ngurr, yulmbarri nyulu burri-bu | tame-CAUS! morning you tame-CAUS-SUB before: rise! first-TEMP3, greet! it name-INST


english: Two sorries mend faster than one: the sorry of the mouth, and the sorry of the changed hands.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["dukul-kulnkul"]
loans_used: []
evidence: apology in two parts
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:15:22.602335+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:15:59.847627+00:00
kuku:
Dukul-kulnkul jambulbu murnil warri-baja nyubunmuny: dukul-kulnkul ngandalmuny, dukul-kulnkul maramuny yindu-manmuny.

analysis:
dukul-kulnkul jambul-bu murni-l warri-baja nyubun-muny: dukul-kulnkul ngandal-muny, dukul-kulnkul mara-muny yindu-ma-ny-muny | sorry two-ERG mends faster-DEG2 one-from: sorry mouth-of, sorry hands-of changed-of


english: He hated the rain until the dry year taught him its full name.
kuku: Nyulu kaba wawu-kari-bajaku manin, wungar marralbu nyulu milbin burri nyungu wubulku.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["wawu-kari-bajaku"]
loans_used: []
evidence: scarcity as teacher
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:15:22.602335+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:15:59.847627+00:00
analysis:
nyulu kaba wawu-kari-bajaku mani-ny, wungar marral-bu nyulu milbi-ny burri nyungu wubul-ku | he rain hated, year dry-ERG him taught name its whole


english: The child who is surprised by everything is rich; protect that fortune from tired uncles.
kuku: Karrkay ngangkay-ji yamba wubulkumuny nyulu yamba-ji: kuji daji yinya kalngamuny baja-burraymuny.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["ngangkay"]
loans_used: []
evidence: wonder as wealth
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:15:22.602335+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:15:59.847627+00:00
analysis:
karrkay ngangkay-ji yamba wubul-ku-muny nyulu yamba-ji: kuji daji yinya kalnga-muny baja-burray-muny | child surprise-COMIT everything-from he wealth-COMIT: guard! gift that uncle-from tired-from


english: Loneliness in a crowd is the deepest kind — go and sit beside it; you are the medicine that walks.
kuku: Jirrbu-jirrbu bama-wubulba nyulu dukurr bajaku: dungay bunda ngundu, yundu kalbal jilbalmuny.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["jirrbu-jirrbu", "kalbal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: the walking medicine
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:15:22.602335+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:15:59.847627+00:00
analysis:
jirrbu-jirrbu bama-wubul-ba nyulu dukurr bajaku: dunga-y bunda ngundu, yundu kalbal jilba-l-muny | lonely crowd-LOC it deep most: go! sit! close.by, you medicine walking-of


english: Anger kept overnight turns to poison or to knowledge; stir it and see which.
kuku: Kuli kujinmuny wujurrburr yindu-mal bakulku yambada binalku: murni nyulu, nyaji wanjaku.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["bakul"]
loans_used: []
evidence: overnight fermentation
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:15:22.602335+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:15:59.847627+00:00
analysis:
kuli kuji-ny-muny wujurr-burr yindu-ma-l bakul-ku yambada binal-ku: murni nyulu, nyaji wanjaku | anger kept-of night-PERL turns poison-DAT or knowledge-DAT: stir! it, see! which


english: The kind word at the right time weighs nothing and carries everything.
kuku: Kuku manun-manun wungara yukilba dandi-kari, nyulu wubulku wundil.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["manun-manun"]
loans_used: []
evidence: weightless carrier; wungar-a LOC (scan catch)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.95
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:15:22.602335+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:15:59.847627+00:00
analysis:
kuku manun-manun wungar-a yukil-ba dandi-kari, nyulu wubul-ku wundi-l | word kind time-LOC right-LOC weight-PRIV, it everything carries


english: Homesickness backwards is love — you only ache for what once fed you.
kuku: Bilamal muku-jinabu nyulu wawu: yundu kaka manil nganga yambamuny yununy mayi-dayanmuny.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["bilamal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: positive etymology of ache
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:15:22.602335+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:15:59.847627+00:00
analysis:
bilamal muku-jina-bu nyulu wawu: yundu kaka mani-l nganga yamba-muny yununy mayi-daya-ny-muny | homesickness back-track-INST it love: you pain take only thing-from you fed-of


english: Let the angry message sleep one night; send the survivor in the morning.
kuku: Bawa yimbal dukul-wuri-ji wunanka wujurr nyubun: yunga muduwajuny wanyu juran.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["yimbal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: send-the-survivor
status: accepted
confidence: 0.95
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:15:22.602335+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:15:59.847627+00:00
analysis:
bawa yimbal dukul-wuri-ji wuna-nka wujurr nyubun: yunga muduwajuny wanyu juran | leave! message angry-COMIT sleep-PURP night one: send! morning-at what alive


english: Fearless is just fear walking on the right road.
kuku: Yinil-kari nyulu yinil baralba yukilba jilbalmuny nganga.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["yinil"]
loans_used: []
evidence: eight words
status: accepted
confidence: 0.95
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:15:22.602335+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:15:59.847627+00:00
analysis:
yinil-kari nyulu yinil baral-ba yukil-ba jilba-l-muny nganga | fearless it fear road-LOC right-LOC walking-of only


frame: teaching
words_used: ["kiway-kiway"]
loans_used: []
evidence: wealth = welcome
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:15:22.602335+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:15:59.847627+00:00
english:
The camp measures its wealth on cold nights: count the fires, then count who is welcome at every one of them.

kuku:
Bayanbu yamba-ji nyungu kunjal wujurrba kiway-kiwayba: kunja baya, yalada kunja wanya yulmbarrinmuny baya nyubun-nyubunba.

analysis:
bayan-bu yamba-ji nyungu kunja-l wujurr-ba kiway-kiway-ba: kunja baya, yala-da kunja wanya yulmbarri-ny-muny baya nyubun-nyubun-ba | camp-ERG wealth its counts night-LOC cold-LOC: count! fire, then count! who welcomed-of fire every-LOC


frame: teaching
words_used: []
loans_used: []
evidence: capstone: no new griefs
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:15:22.602335+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:15:59.847627+00:00
english:
All the feelings are old, the old woman closed the night: nobody angers a new anger or grieves a new grief — you walk on made roads, and others have walked them home again.

kuku:
Wawu-yamba wubulku mukul, wulbumanangka wujurr kunbay-manin: bama nyubunbu kariku kuli jirakal kulil, kariku wawu-mumbu jirakal manil: yundu jilbal baral bunganmunyba, bama yindubu jana jilban bayanka baja.

analysis:
wawu-yamba wubul-ku mukul, wulbuman-angka wujurr kunba-y-mani-ny: bama nyubun-bu kariku kuli jirakal kuli-l, kariku wawu-mumbu jirakal mani-l: yundu jilba-l baral bunga-ny-muny-ba, bama yindu-bu jana jilba-ny bayan-ka baja | feelings all old, old.woman night closed: person one-ERG never anger new angers, never grief new takes: you walk road made-of-LOC, others them walked home-DAT again


english: The camp looks east and the doorway is wind-without — old knowledge.
kuku: Bayan nyajil nakaku, baral-ngandal muyar-mundu: binal mukul.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["naka"]
loans_used: []
evidence: naka FIRST USE; ABESS in lane
status: accepted
confidence: 0.95
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:20:15.714096+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:24:44.369236+00:00
analysis:
bayan nyaji-l naka-ku, baral-ngandal muyar-mundu: binal mukul | camp looks east-DAT, doorway wind-ABESS: knowledge old


frame: teaching
words_used: ["kungkarr", "kuwa", "jibarr", "naka"]
loans_used: []
evidence: compass quartet + sea-exclusion ([A 2424]); kuwa/jibarr FIRST USES
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:20:15.714096+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:24:44.369236+00:00
english:
The compass here is its own, the old man drew it in the sand: kungkarr, kuwa, jibarr, naka — and for the sea there is no compass word: just say jalun-bu, to the sea; the land's words stay with the land.

kuku:
Kuku-jina bubumuny nyungu-nyungu, mukulungku dingkarangka jukara milbin: kungkarr, kuwa, jibarr, naka: jalunka kari kuku-jina: 'jalunbu' nganga balka, kuku bubumuny bubunka janay.

analysis:
kuku-jina bubu-muny nyungu-nyungu, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka jukar-a milbi-ny: kungkarr, kuwa, jibarr, naka: jalun-ka kari kuku-jina: 'jalun-bu' nganga balka, kuku bubu-muny bubu-nka jana-y | compass country-of its-own, old man sand-LOC drew: north, west, south, east: sea-DAT NEG compass.word: sea-LOC only say!, words land-of land-DAT stay


english: Up went the smoke, down came the rain, and between them the day did its work.
kuku: Wangkar dungan kubu, bada kadan kaba, dindarraba wungarbu murni nyungu murnin.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["dindarra"]
loans_used: []
evidence: dindarra FIRST USE
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:20:15.714096+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:24:44.369236+00:00
analysis:
wangkar dunga-ny kubu, bada kada-ny kaba, dindarra-ba wungar-bu murni nyungu murni-ny | up went smoke, down came rain, middle-LOC day-ERG work its did


english: Look behind you on the way out, and the camp will look familiar on the way home.
kuku: Nyaji kudamundu dunganya, bayan nyulu binal-nyajil kadanya baja.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["kudamundu"]
loans_used: []
evidence: tracker's look-back rule
status: accepted
confidence: 0.95
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:20:15.714096+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:24:44.369236+00:00
analysis:
nyaji kudamundu dunga-nya, bayan nyulu binal-nyaji-l kada-nya baja | look! behind go-SUB, camp it familiar-looks come-SUB back


english: The left hand learns from the right by stealing its work — let it.
kuku: Jakujibu binal-mal jurrubijimuny murni manilnya: bawa nyulu.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["jakuji", "jurrubiji"]
loans_used: []
evidence: left/right FIRST USES
status: accepted
confidence: 0.95
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:20:15.714096+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:24:44.369236+00:00
analysis:
jakuji-bu binal-ma-l jurrubiji-muny murni mani-l-nya: bawa nyulu | left.hand-ERG learns right.hand-from work take-SUB: leave! it


english: Everywhere is made of many little somewheres — learn them one by one.
kuku: Yiringkurr bunganmuny bubu bubanmuny wubulkumuny: binal-ma jana nyubun-nyubun.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["yiringkurr"]
loans_used: []
evidence: yiringkurr FIRST USE
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:20:15.714096+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:24:44.369236+00:00
analysis:
yiringkurr bunga-ny-muny bubu buban-muny wubul-ku-muny: binal-ma jana nyubun-nyubun | everywhere made-of place little-of many-of: learn! them one.by.one


frame: everyday
words_used: ["kural"]
loans_used: []
evidence: kural FIRST USE
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:20:15.714096+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:24:44.369236+00:00
english:
The fish sees you from underwater long before you see it from above — the fish has the better eye-road.

kuku:
Kuyubu yunu nyajil kuralmuny kalbayku, yundu nyulu wangkar-wangkarmuny nyajinya ngadiku: kuyu miyil-baral yukil-baja karrbal.

analysis:
kuyu-bu yunu nyaji-l kural-muny kalbay-ku, yundu nyulu wangkar-wangkar-muny nyaji-nya ngadiku: kuyu miyil-baral yukil-baja karrba-l | fish-ERG you sees underwater-from long-DAT, you it above-from see-SUB before: fish eye-road better-DEG2 holds


english: Straighten the crooked spear at the fire, and straighten the crooked story at the fire too.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["kurru-kurru"]
loans_used: []
evidence: crooked+straighten FIRST USES
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:20:15.714096+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:24:44.369236+00:00
kuku:
Kalka kurru-kurru ngura-ngura-ngala bayanga, kuku-jangkar kurru-kurru ngura-ngura-ngala bayanga baja.

analysis:
kalka kurru-kurru ngura-ngura-ngala baya-nga, kuku-jangkar kurru-kurru ngura-ngura-ngala baya-nga baja | spear crooked straighten! fire-LOC, story crooked straighten! fire-LOC too


english: Wait on this side; the other side belongs to the flood until the water says otherwise.
kuku: Janay ngunduba: ngubar jalungkarrmuny bana yindu balkanyjiku.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["ngundu", "ngubar"]
loans_used: []
evidence: ngundu this-side gloss; SUCC
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:20:15.714096+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:24:44.369236+00:00
analysis:
jana-y ngundu-ba: ngubar jalungkarr-muny bana yindu balka-nyjiku | wait! this.side-LOC: other.side flood-of water different say-SUCC


english: Over there, where the sky sits on the hills — that is tomorrow's walk.
kuku: Yarra, wanja jiri bundal bubungu wangkara: yinya jilba wunkunymuny.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["yarra"]
loans_used: []
evidence: yarra FIRST USE; bubu-ngu + wangkar-a LOCs (scan catches)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:20:15.714096+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:24:44.369236+00:00
analysis:
yarra, wanja jiri bunda-l bubu-ngu wangkar-a: yinya jilba wunkuny-muny | over.there, where sky sits hill-LOC high-LOC: that walk tomorrow-of


english: The middle child slept in the middle, and kept the peace just by lying there.
kuku: Karrkay dindarramuny wunan dindarraba, nyulu kaka-kari karrban wunanybu nganga.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["dindarra"]
loans_used: []
evidence: peace by geography
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:20:15.714096+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:24:44.369236+00:00
analysis:
karrkay dindarra-muny wuna-ny dindarra-ba, nyulu kaka-kari karrba-ny wuna-ny-bu nganga | child middle-of slept middle-LOC, he peace kept lying-INST only


english: Ahead is a direction, not a promise — pack for both.
kuku: Jakalba nyulu kuku-jina, kari kuku-dandi: yamba mana jambulka.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["jakalba"]
loans_used: []
evidence: jakalba FIRST USE
status: accepted
confidence: 0.95
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:20:15.714096+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:24:44.369236+00:00
analysis:
jakalba nyulu kuku-jina, kari kuku-dandi: yamba mana jambul-ka | ahead it direction, NEG promise: things take! both-DAT


english: South wind, a dry week; east wind, wet feet — read the invisible rivers.
kuku: Muyar jibarrmuny, wungar marral: muyar nakamuny, jina yaru: nyaji wawubaja nyaji-karimuny.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["jibarr"]
loans_used: []
evidence: compass-weather
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:20:15.714096+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:24:44.369236+00:00
analysis:
muyar jibarr-muny, wungar marral: muyar naka-muny, jina yaru: nyaji wawubaja nyaji-kari-muny | wind south-from, week dry: wind east-from, feet wet: read! rivers unseen-of


english: Come around behind the house; the front is all wind today.
kuku: Kaday dimbiku: walu bayanmuny muyar wubulku nyiku.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["dimbi"]
loans_used: []
evidence: dimbi FIRST USE
status: accepted
confidence: 0.95
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:20:15.714096+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:24:44.369236+00:00
analysis:
kada-y dimbi-ku: walu bayan-muny muyar wubul-ku nyiku | come! behind.house-DAT: front house-of wind all today


frame: everyday
words_used: ["dindarra"]
loans_used: []
evidence: country-as-hand
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:20:15.714096+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:24:44.369236+00:00
english:
He knows the country like his own hand: this ridge one finger, that creek another, and the swamp the soft middle.

kuku:
Nyulu bubu binal yala mara nyungu-nyungu: wangkar yanya birri nyubun, wawubaja yinya birri yindu, daburri dindarra kima.

analysis:
nyulu bubu binal yala mara nyungu-nyungu: wangkar yanya birri nyubun, wawubaja yinya birri yindu, daburri dindarra kima | he country knows like hand own: ridge this finger one, creek that finger other, swamp middle soft


frame: everyday
words_used: ["kural"]
loans_used: []
evidence: fish parliament
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:20:15.714096+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:24:44.369236+00:00
english:
Underwater the river has its own camps: cold ones, warm ones, and one where the big fish holds its meetings.

kuku:
Kuralba wawubaja bayan-ji nyungu-nyungu-ji: kiway-kiway, wumbul, nyubunba kuyu yalbaybu kuku-yalbay karrbal.

analysis:
kural-ba wawubaja bayan-ji nyungu-nyungu-ji: kiway-kiway, wumbul, nyubun-ba kuyu yalbay-bu kuku-yalbay karrba-l | underwater-LOC river camp-COMIT own-COMIT: cold, warm, one-LOC fish big-ERG meeting holds


frame: everyday
words_used: ["walmbi", "yaral"]
loans_used: []
evidence: walmbi+yaral FIRST USES
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:20:15.714096+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:24:44.369236+00:00
english:
Left at the split rock, right at the big tree, straight to the water — with a road full of markers you never get lost.

kuku:
Walmbi kulji dumbarrinmunyba, jurrubiji jukuba yalbayba, yaralbu banaka: baral milbil-ji yundu kariku wulal.

analysis:
walmbi kulji dumbarri-ny-muny-ba, jurrubiji juku-ba yalbay-ba, yaral-bu bana-ka: baral milbil-ji yundu kariku wula-l | left rock split-of-LOC, right tree-LOC big-LOC, straight-INST water-DAT: road marker-COMIT you never lost


frame: teaching
words_used: ["dingal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: dingal FIRST USE ([A 2424])
status: revised
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:20:15.714096+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T10:14:40.074257+00:00
english:
The sea has no compass words, so the old people gave it courtesy ones: to-the-sea, at-the-base, along-the-edge.

kuku:
Jalun kuku-jina-kari, yalada bama mukulbu kuku yulmbarril dayan: 'jalunbu', 'dingalba', 'yalmba-burr'.

analysis:
jalun kuku-jina-kari, yala-da bama mukul-bu kuku yulmbarri-l daya-ny: 'jalun-bu', 'dingal-ba', 'yalmba-burr' | sea compass.word-PRIV, so people old-ERG words courtesy gave: sea-LOC, base-LOC, edge-PERL


english: Everywhere the child looked, someone was working — that is how a camp teaches without one lesson.
kuku: Yiringkurr karrkay nyajin, bama murnin: yalabu bayanbu milbil kuku-kari.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["yiringkurr"]
loans_used: []
evidence: ambient pedagogy
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:20:15.714096+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:24:44.369236+00:00
analysis:
yiringkurr karrkay nyaji-ny, bama murni-ny: yala-bu bayan-bu milbi-l kuku-kari | everywhere child looked, someone worked: this.way-INST camp-ERG teaches lesson-PRIV


english: Above, the water plans; below, it celebrates.
kuku: Wangkar-wangkar bana milkabu baykal: bada-bada nyulu yajarr-mal.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["bada-bada"]
loans_used: []
evidence: seven words; waterfall
status: accepted
confidence: 0.95
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:20:15.714096+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:24:44.369236+00:00
analysis:
wangkar-wangkar bana milkabu bayka-l: bada-bada nyulu yajarr-ma-l | above water thinks: below it laughs


english: Behind every good camp stands a fire-ground older than the oldest story.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["kudamundu"]
loans_used: []
evidence: deep time
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:20:15.714096+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:24:44.369236+00:00
kuku:
Kudamundu bayan yukilmuny nyubun-nyubunmuny baya-bubu janay, mukul-baja kuku-jangkarmuny mukul bajakumuny.

analysis:
kudamundu bayan yukil-muny nyubun-nyubun-muny baya-bubu jana-y, mukul-baja kuku-jangkar-muny mukul bajaku-muny | behind camp good-of every-of fire-ground stands, older-DEG2 story-from oldest-from


english: Go up for the seeing, come down for the water — knowledge walks both roads every day.
kuku: Dungay wangkarku nyajinka, kaday badaku bananka: binal jilbal baral jambul wungar nyubun-nyubunba.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["wangkar"]
loans_used: []
evidence: vertical commute
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:20:15.714096+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:24:44.369236+00:00
analysis:
dunga-y wangkar-ku nyaji-nka, kada-y bada-ku bana-nka: binal jilba-l baral jambul wungar nyubun-nyubun-ba | go! up-DAT seeing-PURP, come! down-DAT water-PURP: knowledge walks road both day every-LOC


english: Right hand for the spear, left hand for the shade — both employed, neither jealous.
kuku: Jurrubiji kalkanka, jakuji wabarrka: jambul murni-ji, ngujan-kari.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["jurrubiji"]
loans_used: []
evidence: two-hand economy
status: accepted
confidence: 0.95
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:20:15.714096+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:24:44.369236+00:00
analysis:
jurrubiji kalka-nka, jakuji wabarr-ka: jambul murni-ji, ngujan-kari | right.hand spear-DAT, left.hand shade-DAT: both work-COMIT, jealousy-PRIV


english: Across the river is another dialect of the same country — visit politely.
kuku: Ngubar-ngubar bubu nyubun kuku yindu-ji buban: dungay yulmbarri-ji.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["ngubar-ngubar"]
loans_used: []
evidence: ngubar-ngubar FIRST USE
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:20:15.714096+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:24:44.369236+00:00
analysis:
ngubar-ngubar bubu nyubun kuku yindu-ji buban: dunga-y yulmbarri-ji | across country same word different-COMIT little: go! respect-COMIT


english: Near, close by, far away — the language walks in three steps: yuba, ngundu, kala-kalbay.
kuku: Yuba, ngundu, kala-kalbay: kuku jilbal jina kulurbu.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["yuba"]
loans_used: []
evidence: yuba FIRST USE; distance ladder
status: accepted
confidence: 0.95
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:23:53.271574+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:24:44.369236+00:00
analysis:
yuba, ngundu, kala-kalbay: kuku jilba-l jina kulur-bu | near, close.by, far.away: language walks step three-INST


english: Put the baby inside; the wind has found its evening voice.
kuku: Ngawa yijarri kanaka: muyarbu kuku wujurrmuny nyungu manin.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["kana"]
loans_used: []
evidence: kana FIRST USE
status: accepted
confidence: 0.95
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:23:53.271574+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:24:44.369236+00:00
analysis:
ngawa yijarri kana-ka: muyar-bu kuku wujurr-muny nyungu mani-ny | baby put! inside-DAT: wind-ERG voice evening-of its found


english: On top of the ridge you own your eyes; down in the gully you borrow your ears.
kuku: Wuyara yundu miyil yundumuny karrbal: bada-badaba yundu milka manil.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["wuyar"]
loans_used: []
evidence: sensory geography
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:23:53.271574+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:24:44.369236+00:00
analysis:
wuyar-a yundu miyil yundu-muny karrba-l: bada-bada-ba yundu milka mani-l | on.top-LOC you eyes your own: below-LOC you ears borrow


frame: everyday
words_used: ["kalumba"]
loans_used: []
evidence: kalumba FIRST USE
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:23:53.271574+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:24:44.369236+00:00
english:
The left-handed one weaves mirror-wise, and her baskets confuse right-handed thieves — every difference locks a door somewhere.

kuku:
Kalumbabu balji bungal muku-jinabu, balji nyungubu bama manil-bama milka-buyun-bungal: yindu nyubun-nyubun baral-ngandal nandal wanjaba.

analysis:
kalumba-bu balji bunga-l muku-jina-bu, balji nyungu-bu bama mani-l-bama milka-buyun-bunga-l: yindu nyubun-nyubun baral-ngandal nanda-l wanja-ba | left.hander-ERG basket makes mirror-track-INST, basket her-ERG thief confuses: difference every door shuts somewhere-LOC


english: Go across at the wide shallow, not at the narrow deep — the river makes its short roads expensive.
kuku: Dungay naka-naka dubara yalbayba, kari dukurrba bubanba: wawubajabu baral buban dandi-bungal.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["naka-naka"]
loans_used: []
evidence: naka-naka FIRST USE; dubar-a LOC (scan catch)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:23:53.271574+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:24:44.369236+00:00
analysis:
dunga-y naka-naka dubar-a yalbay-ba, kari dukurr-ba buban-ba: wawubaja-bu baral buban dandi-bunga-l | go! across flat-LOC wide-LOC, NEG deep-LOC narrow-LOC: river-ERG road short hard-makes


kuku: Yamba nyubun-nyubun walu-ji muku-ji, wulbumanangka balji murnin: mana wanjaku yundu muyarka milbil.
frame: teaching
words_used: []
loans_used: []
evidence: orientation as choice
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:23:53.271574+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:24:44.369236+00:00
english:
Everything has a front and a back, the old woman turned the basket: choose which one you show the wind.

analysis:
yamba nyubun-nyubun walu-ji muku-ji, wulbuman-angka balji murni-ny: mana wanjaku yundu muyar-ka milbi-l | thing every face-COMIT back-COMIT, old.woman basket turned: choose! which you wind-DAT show


frame: everyday
words_used: ["kungkarr", "burri"]
loans_used: []
evidence: wind-signature; wangkar-a LOC (scan catch)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:23:53.271574+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:24:44.369236+00:00
english:
The trees lean kungkarr on this ridge — the storm wind writes its name on everything that stands still.

kuku:
Juku murnil kungkarrku wangkara yanyaba: muyarbu jarramalimunybu burri nyungu yijarril yamba janaymunyba.

analysis:
juku murni-l kungkarr-ku wangkar-a yanya-ba: muyar-bu jarramali-muny-bu burri nyungu yijarri-l yamba jana-y-muny-ba | trees lean north-DAT ridge-LOC this-LOC: wind-ERG storm-of-ERG name its writes thing standing-of-LOC


english: Inside the story there is another story, the way the seed sits inside the fruit.
kuku: Kana kuku-jangkara kuku-jangkar yindu janay, yala diburr bundal kana junjunba.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["kana"]
loans_used: []
evidence: nested narrative; jangkar-a single-r LOC (scan catch — first LOC of jangkar in corpus)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:23:53.271574+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:24:44.369236+00:00
analysis:
kana kuku-jangkar-a kuku-jangkar yindu jana-y, yala diburr bunda-l kana junjun-ba | inside story-LOC story other stands, like seed sits inside fruit-LOC


english: Which is your fishing spot? — Downstream of the split rock, this side, in the shade after midday.
frame: question
words_used: ["dindarra"]
loans_used: []
evidence: precision directions
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:23:53.271574+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:24:44.369236+00:00
kuku:
Wanjaku bana-bubu yundumuny? Bada kuljimuny dumbarrinmunymuny, ngunduba, wabarrba wungar-dindarramuny badaku.

analysis:
wanjaku bana-bubu yundu-muny? bada kulji-muny dumbarri-ny-muny-muny, ngundu-ba, wabarr-ba wungar-dindarra-muny bada-ku | which fishing.spot your? down rock-from split-of-from, this.side-LOC, shade-LOC midday-from after-DAT


english: Face the shelter door away from jibarr; the south wind is the one with the cold hands.
kuku: Baral-ngandal bayanmuny murni jibarrmuny kala-kalbayku: muyar jibarrmuny mara kiway-kiway-ji.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["jibarr"]
loans_used: []
evidence: cold-handed south
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:23:53.271574+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:24:44.369236+00:00
analysis:
baral-ngandal bayan-muny murni jibarr-muny kala-kalbay-ku: muyar jibarr-muny mara kiway-kiway-ji | door shelter-of turn! south-from far-DAT: wind south-of hand cold-COMIT


frame: teaching
words_used: []
loans_used: []
evidence: lost-as-location
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:23:53.271574+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:24:44.369236+00:00
english:
Lost is a place too, the old man calmed the boy: sit down in it, listen, and its roads will introduce themselves.

kuku:
Wulanmuny nyulu bubu baja, mukulungku dingkarangka buban wunbu-bungan: bunda yinyaba, milka-janay, baralbu nyulu-nyulu milbil.

analysis:
wula-ny-muny nyulu bubu baja, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka buban wunbu-bunga-ny: bunda yinya-ba, milka-jana-y, baral-bu nyulu-nyulu milbi-l | lost it place too, old man boy calmed: sit! there-LOC, listen!, road-ERG itself shows


english: The right hand of the river is rocky; the left is kind to canoes — rivers are handed like people.
kuku: Jurrubiji wawubajamuny kulji-ji: jakuji kima marrakannka: wawubaja mara-ji yala bama.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["jurrubiji"]
loans_used: []
evidence: handed rivers
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:23:53.271574+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:24:44.369236+00:00
analysis:
jurrubiji wawubaja-muny kulji-ji: jakuji kima marrakan-nka: wawubaja mara-ji yala bama | right.hand river-of stone-COMIT: left soft canoe-DAT: river hand-COMIT like person


english: Behind the behind there is more behind — the country does not end; only the describing ends.
kuku: Kudamundu kudamundumuny kudamundu baja janay: bubu kariku kunbay-mal, kuku nganga kunbay-mal.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["kudamundu"]
loans_used: []
evidence: recursive horizon
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:23:53.271574+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:24:44.369236+00:00
analysis:
kudamundu kudamundu-muny kudamundu baja jana-y: bubu kariku kunba-y-ma-l, kuku nganga kunba-y-ma-l | behind behind-of behind more stands: country never ends, words only end


english: Climb with three points holding, always — the mountain counts hands and feet, not years.
kuku: Daka mara-jina kulur karrbanya yabarrka: bububu kunjal mara jina, kari bana-wungar.
frame: everyday
words_used: []
loans_used: []
evidence: climbing law
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:23:53.271574+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:24:44.369236+00:00
analysis:
daka mara-jina kulur karrba-nya yabarrka: bubu-bu kunja-l mara jina, kari bana-wungar | climb! hand-foot three hold-SUB always: mountain-ERG counts hands feet, NEG years


english: Straight talk walks straight; crooked talk walks crooked and arrives tired.
kuku: Kuku yaral jilbal yaralbu: kuku kurru-kurru jilbal kurru-kurrubu, kadal baja-burray.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["yaral"]
loans_used: []
evidence: iconicity row
status: accepted
confidence: 0.95
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:23:53.271574+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:24:44.369236+00:00
analysis:
kuku yaral jilba-l yaral-bu: kuku kurru-kurru jilba-l kurru-kurru-bu, kada-l baja-burray | talk straight walks straight-INST: talk crooked walks crooked-INST, arrives tired


kuku: Ngundu bayamuny balkal-bamanka: ngubar warmbil-bamanka: bunda-bubu jambul yulmbarri-ji.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["warmbill"]
loans_used: []
evidence: seating chart of epistemology
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:23:53.271574+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:24:44.369236+00:00
english:
This side of the fire is for the story-teller; the other side for the doubters — both seats are honorable.

analysis:
ngundu baya-muny balka-l-bama-nka: ngubar warmbi-l-bama-nka: bunda-bubu jambul yulmbarri-ji | this.side fire-of teller-DAT: other.side doubter-DAT: seat both honor-COMIT


english: The sun crosses toward kuwa every evening — even the sky has a favourite road home.
kuku: Wungar dungay kuwaku wujurr nyubun-nyubunba: jiribu baja baral bayanka nyungu-nyungu karrbal.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["kuwa"]
loans_used: []
evidence: celestial homing
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:23:53.271574+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:24:44.369236+00:00
analysis:
wungar dunga-y kuwa-ku wujurr nyubun-nyubun-ba: jiri-bu baja baral bayan-ka nyungu-nyungu karrba-l | sun goes west-DAT evening every-LOC: sky-ERG even road home-DAT own keeps


english: Between the two camps runs a track worn deeper than either — the road is the third camp.
kuku: Dindarraba bayan-jambulmuny jina warril dukurr-baja jambulmunybu: baral nyulu bayan kulurku.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["dindarra"]
loans_used: []
evidence: road as settlement
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:23:53.271574+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:24:44.369236+00:00
analysis:
dindarra-ba bayan-jambul-muny jina warri-l dukurr-baja jambul-muny-bu: baral nyulu bayan kulur-ku | between-LOC camp-two-of track runs deeper-DEG2 both-from: road it camp third-DAT


frame: everyday
words_used: ["jakalba"]
loans_used: []
evidence: person as hinge
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:23:53.271574+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:24:44.369236+00:00
english:
Ahead of the walker walks his thinking; behind him walks his story — the man himself is just the join.

kuku:
Jakalba jilba-bamamuny jilbal milkabu-baykal nyungu: kudamundu jilbal kuku-jangkar nyungu: bama nyulu-nyulu nyulu kaja nganga.

analysis:
jakalba jilba-bama-muny jilba-l milkabu-bayka-l nyungu: kudamundu jilba-l kuku-jangkar nyungu: bama nyulu-nyulu nyulu kaja nganga | ahead walker-of walks thinking his: behind walks story his: man himself he join only


english: Down at the base of the tree, the ground remembers every season the branches forgot.
kuku: Bada dingalba jukumuny bububu milka nyajil bana-wungar nyubun-nyubun dakilbu milka-wulanmuny.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["dingal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: stratigraphy of memory
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:23:53.271574+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:24:44.369236+00:00
analysis:
bada dingal-ba juku-muny bubu-bu milka nyaji-l bana-wungar nyubun-nyubun dakil-bu milka-wula-ny-muny | down base-LOC tree-of ground-ERG remembers season every branch-ERG forgotten-of


english: Everywhere you dig here you find someone's morning — move the camp, not the ground.
kuku: Yiringkurr yundu bakal yanyaba, yundu muduwaju bamamuny manil: bayan wundi, kari bubu.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["yiringkurr"]
loans_used: []
evidence: respect-the-layers
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:23:53.271574+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:24:44.369236+00:00
analysis:
yiringkurr yundu baka-l yanya-ba, yundu muduwaju bama-muny mani-l: bayan wundi, kari bubu | everywhere you dig here-LOC, you morning someone-of find: camp move!, NEG ground


frame: question
words_used: ["wanjaburr"]
loans_used: []
evidence: home as shared vector
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:23:53.271574+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:24:44.369236+00:00
english:
Which way is home? the smallest one asked — and everyone pointed the same way without looking up. That is a camp.

kuku:
Wanjaburr bayan? bubanbu bajakubu babajin, bama wubulkubu milbin jina nyubunbu nyaji-kari wangkarku: yinya bayan.

analysis:
wanjaburr bayan? buban-bu bajaku-bu babaji-ny, bama wubul-ku-bu milbi-ny jina nyubun-bu nyaji-kari wangkar-ku: yinya bayan | which.way home? smallest-ERG asked, people all-ERG pointed way one-INST look-PRIV up-DAT: that camp


english: The path to the water bends around the old tree, out of respect — even geography has manners here.
kuku: Baral banaka murnil juku mukul, yulmbarrilmuny: bubu-jina baja murni-jina-ji yanyaba.
frame: everyday
words_used: []
loans_used: []
evidence: deferential path
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:23:53.271574+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:24:44.369236+00:00
analysis:
baral bana-ka murni-l juku mukul, yulmbarri-l-muny: bubu-jina baja murni-jina-ji yanya-ba | path water-DAT bends tree old, respect-from: geography even manners-COMIT here-LOC


english: Turn your back to the wind when you open the coals — directions are tools; use the right one.
kuku: Muku muyarka murni ngunjil ngalkal-bunganya: kuku-jina jana yamba-murni: mana yinya yukil.
frame: everyday
words_used: []
loans_used: []
evidence: directions as toolkit
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:23:53.271574+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:24:44.369236+00:00
analysis:
muku muyar-ka murni ngunjil ngalkal-bunga-nya: kuku-jina jana yamba-murni: mana yinya yukil | back wind-DAT turn! coals open-CAUS-SUB: directions they tools: take! that right


frame: teaching
words_used: ["kana", "jakalba"]
loans_used: []
evidence: capstone: live in the right cases; bubu-ngu (scan catch)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:23:53.271574+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:24:44.369236+00:00
english:
The country is the real grammar, the old man ended the lesson: north of the fire, inside the family, ahead of the hunger, behind the promise — live in the right cases, and the sentences look after themselves.

kuku:
Bubu nyulu kuku-jina manubaja, mukulungku dingkarangka kuku kunbay-manin: kungkarr bayamuny, kana jawun-karramuny, jakalba dakwuymuny, kudamundu kuku-dandimuny: bunda bubungu yukilba, kukubu nyulu-nyulu kujil.

analysis:
bubu nyulu kuku-jina manubaja, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka kuku kunba-y-mani-ny: kungkarr baya-muny, kana jawun-karra-muny, jakalba dakwuy-muny, kudamundu kuku-dandi-muny: bunda bubu-ngu yukil-ba, kuku-bu nyulu-nyulu kuji-l | country it grammar true, old man lesson ended: north fire-of, inside family-of, ahead hunger-of, behind promise-of: sit! place-LOC right-LOC, sentences-ERG themselves look.after


english: The big fig tree stands beside the water, and the children climb it every day.
kuku: Jarrangkal yalbay janay bananga, karrkay-karrkay dakal jukungu wungar-wungar.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["jarrangkal", "yalbay", "janay", "bana", "karrkay", "dakal", "juku", "wungar"]
loans_used: []
evidence: jarrangkal 'fig tree' dict; daka-l climb (intr) A; bana-nga LOC (a-final -nga, r.21d)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.9
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:48:35.802383+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T07:04:07.297833+00:00
analysis:
jarrangkal yalbay jana-y bana-nga, karrkay-karrkay daka-l juku-ngu wungar-wungar | fig.tree big stand-NONPAST water-LOC, child-child climb-NONPAST tree-LOC day-day


english: My mother collected the ripe figs from the tree and brought them in the coolamon for the children.
kuku: Ngamungku binanji kulbul jukumuny mujan, dubalba wundin karrkay-karrkayka.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["ngamu", "binanji", "kulbul", "juku", "mujal", "dubal", "wundil", "karrkay"]
loans_used: []
evidence: muja-l collect dict; dubal 'coolamon' (NOT bark); dubal-ba LOC (l-final a-vowel -ba)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.9
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:48:35.802383+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T07:04:07.297833+00:00
analysis:
ngamu-ngku binanji kulbul juku-muny muja-ny, dubal-ba wundi-ny karrkay-karrkay-ka | mother-ERG fig ripe tree-ABL collect-PAST, coolamon-LOC bring-PAST child-child-DAT


english: The child asked: what tree is that? The old man said: that is a bloodwood.
kuku: Karrkay balkan: wanya juku yinya? Mukul-dingkarangka balkan: yinya babajaka.
frame: question
words_used: ["karrkay", "balkal", "wanya", "juku", "yinya", "mukul", "dingkar", "babajaka"]
loans_used: []
evidence: babajaka 'bloodwood tree' dict; wanya what; yinya that
status: revised
confidence: 0.9
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:48:35.802383+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:03:01.888661+00:00
analysis:
karrkay balka-ny: wanya juku yinya? mukul-dingkar-angka balka-ny: yinya babajaka. | child say-PAST: what tree that? old-man-ERG say-PAST: that bloodwood.


kuku: Mukulungku jarrangkalba bangkan bakan, kunjinba wajun, mayi karrkay-karrkay dayan.
frame: clause_chain
words_used: ["mukul", "jarrangkal", "bangkan", "bakal", "kunjin", "wajul", "mayi", "karrkay", "daya"]
loans_used: []
evidence: bangkan 'root'; baka-l dig; waju-l cook/burn; kunjin 'fire'; kunjin-ba LOC
status: accepted
confidence: 0.9
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:48:35.802383+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T07:04:07.297833+00:00
english:
The old woman dug the roots at the fig tree, cooked them on the fire, and gave the food to the children.

analysis:
mukul-ungku jarrangkal-ba bangkan baka-ny, kunjin-ba waju-ny, mayi karrkay-karrkay daya-ny | old.woman-ERG fig.tree-LOC root dig-PAST, fire-LOC cook-PAST, food child-child give-PAST


kuku: Ngayu duwar kalbay dakan, kulbul mayi maninka, ngamunka wundin.
frame: micro_narrative
words_used: ["ngayu", "duwar", "kalbay", "dakal", "kulbul", "mayi", "manil", "ngamu", "wundil"]
loans_used: []
evidence: duwar 'black palm'; duwar-a LOC (single retroflex r -> -a, r.21d); mani-nka PURP
status: accepted
confidence: 0.9
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:48:35.802383+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T07:04:07.297833+00:00
english:
I climbed the tall black palm to get the ripe fruit at the top, and I brought it down for my mother.

analysis:
ngayu duwar kalbay daka-ny, kulbul mayi mani-nka, ngamu-nka wundi-ny | I black.palm tall climb-PAST, ripe food get-PURP, mother-DAT bring-PAST


english: The bloodwood bark is very dry and hard, so we cooked the meat on that strong fire.
kuku: Babajaka julkun marral dandi bajaku; ngali minya wajun kunjinba junkurrji.
frame: everyday
loans_used: []
evidence: julkun 'bark'; marral dry; dandi hard; baja too
status: accepted
confidence: 0.9
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:48:35.802383+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T07:04:07.297833+00:00
analysis:
babajaka julkun marral dandi bajaku; ngali minya waju-ny kunjin-ba junkurrji | bloodwood bark dry hard very; we.two meat cook-PAST fire-LOC strong

words_used:
["babajaka", "julkun", "marral", "dandi", "bajaku", "ngali", "minya", "wajul", "kunjin", "junkurrji"]


frame: teaching
loans_used: []
evidence: kaku 'lawyer cane top'; binal-bunga-l teach (know+CAUS); recipient of give = LOC (ngana-nda)
status: revised
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:48:35.802383+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:03:01.888661+00:00
english:
The old man taught the children: the paperbark gives us bark for the house, and the lawyer cane gives us strong strips for tying.

kuku:
Mukul-dingkarangka karrkay-karrkay binalbungan: buyku ngananda julkun dayal bayanka, kaku ngananda junkurrji dayal kajanka.

analysis:
mukul-dingkar-angka karrkay-karrkay binal-bunga-ny: buyku ngana-nda julkun daya-l bayan-ka, kaku ngana-nda junkurrji daya-l kaja-nka. | old-man-ERG child-child teach-PAST: paperbark us-LOC bark give-NONPAST house-DAT, lawyer.cane us-LOC strong give-NONPAST tie-PURP.

words_used:
["mukul", "dingkar", "karrkay", "binal", "buyku", "ngana", "julkun", "daya", "bayan", "kaku", "junkurrji", "kajal"]


english: The man chopped the big log, cut off the dry bark, and carried the wood to the camp.
kuku: Dingkarangka walmba yalbay nyandan, julkun marral yakan, juku bayanka wundin.
frame: clause_chain
words_used: ["dingkar", "walmba", "yalbay", "nyandal", "julkun", "marral", "yakal", "juku", "bayan", "wundil"]
loans_used: []
evidence: walmba 'log'; wundi-l bring/take; bayan-ka DAT goal
status: revised
confidence: 0.9
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:48:35.802383+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:03:59.893077+00:00
analysis:
dingkar-angka walmba yalbay nyanda-ny, julkun marral yaka-ny, juku bayan-ka wundi-ny | man-ERG log big chop-PAST, bark dry cut-PAST, wood house-DAT bring-PAST


english: Did you get the lawyer cane? Yes, I cut it in the scrub by the mangroves.
kuku: Yundu kaku manin? Yuwu, ngayu madjanga yakan kajulbu.
frame: question
words_used: ["yundu", "kaku", "manil", "yuwu", "ngayu", "madja", "yakal", "kajul"]
loans_used: []
evidence: madja 'scrub'; madja-nga LOC; kajul 'mangrove'; kajul-bu LOC (l-final u-vowel -bu, r.21d); yuwu yes
status: accepted
confidence: 0.9
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:48:35.802383+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T07:04:07.297833+00:00
analysis:
yundu kaku mani-ny? yuwu, ngayu madja-nga yaka-ny kajul-bu. | you lawyer.cane get-PAST? yes, I scrub-LOC cut-PAST mangrove-LOC.


english: The old woman told the child: this vine is strong; we tie the house with it.
kuku: Mukulungku karrkay balkan: mawar junkurrji; ngali bayan kajal mawarbu.
frame: teaching
words_used: ["mukul", "karrkay", "balkal", "mawar", "junkurrji", "ngali", "bayan", "kajal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: mawar 'vine'; junkurrji strong; mawar-bu INST 'with the vine'
status: accepted
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:48:35.802383+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T07:04:07.297833+00:00
analysis:
mukul-ungku karrkay balka-ny: mawar junkurrji; ngali bayan kaja-l mawar-bu. | old.woman-ERG child say-PAST: vine strong; we.two house tie-NONPAST vine-INST.


english: Many people sat in the shade of the big fig tree, ate the sweet ripe fruit, and talked.
kuku: Bama wubul jarrangkal wabarrba, mayi kulbul jiba-wulay nukan, jana balkan.
frame: everyday
loans_used: []
evidence: wabarr 'shade'; wabarr-ba LOC (trill rr a-final -ba [A6930]); no copula (existential LOC)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.9
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:48:35.802383+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T07:04:07.297833+00:00
analysis:
bama wubul jarrangkal wabarr-ba, mayi kulbul jiba-wulay nuka-ny, jana balka-ny | people many fig.tree shade-LOC, food ripe sweet eat-PAST, they talk-PAST

words_used:
["bama", "wubul", "jarrangkal", "wabarr", "mayi", "kulbul", "jiba-wulay", "nukal", "jana", "balkal"]


english: Bring me some paperbark from the scrub. Yes, I will bring it to you.
kuku: Buyku ngayku wundi madjamuny. Yuwu, ngayu yundunka wundil.
frame: question
words_used: ["buyku", "ngayku", "wundil", "madja", "yuwu", "ngayu", "yundu"]
loans_used: []
evidence: ngayku me-DAT/my; wundi-l bring (IMP=wundi)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.9
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:48:35.802383+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T07:04:07.297833+00:00
analysis:
buyku ngayku wundi madja-muny. yuwu, ngayu yundu-nka wundi-l. | paperbark me-DAT bring.IMP scrub-ABL. yes, I you-DAT bring-NONPAST.


english: We cooked the meat on a fire made from dry ti-tree bark.
kuku: Ngali minya wajun kunjinba; kunjin bikarrakul dumbulmuny marralmuny.
frame: clause_chain
words_used: ["ngali", "minya", "wajul", "kunjin", "bikarrakul", "dumbul", "marral"]
loans_used: []
evidence: bikarrakul 'ti tree'; dumbul 'bark'; ABL -muny (from); minya meat
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:48:35.802383+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T07:04:07.297833+00:00
analysis:
ngali minya waju-ny kunjin-ba; kunjin bikarrakul dumbul-muny marral-muny | we.two meat cook-PAST fire-LOC; fire ti.tree bark-ABL dry-ABL


english: The mangrove trees stand in the river, and their strong roots hold together in the water.
kuku: Kajul wawubajanga janay; nyungu ngara junkurrji, bananga muru.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["kajul", "wawubaja", "janay", "nyungu", "ngara", "junkurrji", "bana", "muru"]
loans_used: []
evidence: kajul 'mangrove tree'; ngara 'root' (2nd root word beside bangkan)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.9
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:48:35.802383+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T07:04:07.297833+00:00
analysis:
kajul wawubaja-nga jana-y; nyungu ngara junkurrji, bana-nga muru | mangrove river-LOC stand-NONPAST; its root strong, water-LOC together


english: The grandmother said: we gathered that vine and tied it.
kuku: Babingka balkan: ngana wangay munjan, jana kajan.
frame: teaching
words_used: ["babi", "balkal", "ngana", "wangay", "munjal", "jana", "kajal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: wangay 'vine'; babi-ngku ERG; jana 'them'
status: revised
confidence: 0.9
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:48:35.802383+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:03:59.893077+00:00
analysis:
babi-ngka balka-ny: ngana wangay munja-ny, jana kaja-ny. | grandmother-ERG say-PAST: we vine gather-PAST, them tie-PAST.


kuku: Juku yalbay daran wujurrbu, dakil bubungu daran, karrkay-karrkay dakan.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["juku", "yalbay", "daray", "wujurr", "dakil", "bubu", "karrkay", "dakal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: daray fall (intr, y-conj); PAST dara-ny -> daran
status: accepted
confidence: 0.9
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:48:35.802383+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T07:04:07.297833+00:00
english:
The big old tree fell in the night, its branches broke on the ground, and the children climbed on it.

analysis:
juku yalbay dara-ny wujurr-bu, dakil bubu-ngu dara-ny, karrkay-karrkay daka-ny | tree big fall-PAST dark-LOC, branch ground-LOC fall-PAST, child-child climb-PAST


english: I saw a grass tree and a fern beside the path, and I picked the flowers.
kuku: Ngayu nganjirr malari baja nyajin, nganka munjan.
frame: micro_narrative
words_used: ["ngayu", "nganjirr", "malari", "baja", "nyajil", "nganka", "munjal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: nganjirr 'grass tree'; malari 'fern'; nganka 'flower'; nyaji-l see
status: accepted
confidence: 0.9
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:48:35.802383+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T07:04:07.297833+00:00
analysis:
ngayu nganjirr malari baja nyaji-ny, nganka munja-ny | I grass.tree fern too see-PAST, flower gather-PAST


kuku: Jalbungku madjanga jumbay-jumbay banabul jurrbu baja mujan, dubalba wundin.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["jalbu", "madja", "jumbay-jumbay", "banabul", "jurrbu", "baja", "mujal", "dubal", "wundil"]
loans_used: []
evidence: jumbay-jumbay 'mushroom'; banabul 'pineapple'; jalbu-ngku ERG
status: accepted
confidence: 0.9
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:48:35.802383+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T07:04:07.297833+00:00
english:
The women collected mushrooms, pineapple, and shoots in the scrub, and brought them in the coolamon.

analysis:
jalbu-ngku madja-nga jumbay-jumbay banabul jurrbu baja muja-ny, dubal-ba wundi-ny | woman-ERG scrub-LOC mushroom pineapple shoots too collect-PAST, coolamon-LOC bring-PAST


kuku: Buyku mawar junkurrji baja madjanga munja, dakil muru kaja bayanka.
frame: imperative_chain
words_used: ["buyku", "mawar", "junkurrji", "baja", "madja", "munjal", "dakil", "muru", "kajal", "bayan"]
loans_used: []
evidence: imperative chain; kaja-l tie (IMP=kaja)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.9
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:48:35.802383+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T07:04:07.297833+00:00
english:
Gather the paperbark and the strong vine in the scrub, then tie the branches together for the shelter.

analysis:
buyku mawar junkurrji baja madja-nga munja, dakil muru kaja bayan-ka | paperbark vine strong too scrub-LOC gather.IMP, branch together tie.IMP house-DAT


english: The figs on the tree are not ripe yet; they are still hard, so we will come back another day.
kuku: Binanji jukungu kari kulbul; dandi baja; ngali kaday baja wungarmuny.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["binanji", "juku", "kari", "kulbul", "dandi", "baja", "ngali", "kaday", "wungar"]
loans_used: []
evidence: kari NEG (not ripe); juku-ngu LOC (u-final -ngu, r.21d)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.9
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:48:35.802383+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T07:04:07.297833+00:00
analysis:
binanji juku-ngu kari kulbul; dandi baja; ngali kada-y baja wungar-muny | fig tree-LOC NEG ripe; hard too; we.two come-NONPAST again day-ABL


frame: teaching
loans_used: []
evidence: parallel triplet; recipient LOC ngana-nda; daya-l give
status: revised
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:48:35.802383+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:03:01.888661+00:00
english:
The old man told the young men: the fig tree gives us food, the paperbark gives us bark, and the vine gives us strong string.

kuku:
Mukul-dingkarangka bama balkan: jarrangkal ngananda mayi dayal, buyku ngananda julkun dayal, mawar ngananda junkurrji dayal.

analysis:
mukul-dingkar-angka bama balka-ny: jarrangkal ngana-nda mayi daya-l, buyku ngana-nda julkun daya-l, mawar ngana-nda junkurrji daya-l. | old-man-ERG people say-PAST: fig.tree us-LOC food give-NONPAST, paperbark us-LOC bark give-NONPAST, vine us-LOC strong give-NONPAST.

words_used:
["mukul", "dingkar", "bama", "balkal", "jarrangkal", "ngana", "mayi", "daya", "buyku", "julkun", "mawar", "junkurrji"]


english: The tall white gum stands on the ridge; its branches are dry.
kuku: Bajar kalbay bubungu janay; nyungu dakil marral.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["bajar", "kalbay", "bubu", "janay", "nyungu", "dakil", "marral"]
loans_used: []
evidence: bajar 'white gum'; kalbay long/tall; bubu-ngu LOC (u-final -ngu)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.9
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:48:35.802383+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T07:04:07.297833+00:00
analysis:
bajar kalbay bubu-ngu jana-y; nyungu dakil marral | white.gum tall ground-LOC stand-NONPAST; its branch dry


english: The lawyer cane grows in the scrub, and its young shoots make good food for the people.
kuku: Kaku madjanga janay wubulku; nyungu jurrbu jirakal mayi bamaku.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["kaku", "madja", "janay", "wubul", "jurrbu", "jirakal", "mayi", "bama"]
loans_used: []
evidence: jurrbu 'shoots of plants'; kaku lawyer cane top
status: accepted
confidence: 0.9
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:48:35.802383+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T07:04:07.297833+00:00
analysis:
kaku madja-nga jana-y wubul-ku; nyungu jurrbu jirakal mayi bama-ku | lawyer.cane scrub-LOC stand-NONPAST many-DAT; its shoots new food person-DAT


english: What did you gather in the scrub? I gathered fern shoots and a mushroom.
kuku: Wanya yundu madjanga munjan? Ngayu malari jurrbu jumbay-jumbay baja munjan.
frame: question
words_used: ["wanya", "yundu", "madja", "munjal", "ngayu", "malari", "jurrbu", "jumbay-jumbay", "baja"]
loans_used: []
evidence: malari fern; jurrbu shoots; jumbay-jumbay mushroom
status: accepted
confidence: 0.9
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:48:35.802383+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T07:04:07.297833+00:00
analysis:
wanya yundu madja-nga munja-ny? ngayu malari jurrbu jumbay-jumbay baja munja-ny. | what you scrub-LOC gather-PAST? I fern shoots mushroom too gather-PAST.


english: Many mangrove trees stand by the river: kakan, kurubarr, and mangkurru.
kuku: Kajul wubul wawubajanga janay: kakan, kurubarr, mangkurru baja.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["kajul", "wubul", "wawubaja", "janay", "kakan", "kurubarr", "mangkurru", "baja"]
loans_used: []
evidence: kakan/kurubarr/mangkurru all 'mangrove' species; wawubaja 'river' [A37]; wawubaja-nga LOC
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:48:35.802383+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T07:04:07.297833+00:00
analysis:
kajul wubul wawubaja-nga jana-y: kakan, kurubarr, mangkurru baja | mangrove many river-LOC stand-NONPAST: kakan, kurubarr, mangkurru too


kuku: Ngayu madjanga dungan, jarrangkal dakan, binanji kulbul munjan, ngamunka wundin dubalba.
frame: micro_narrative
loans_used: []
evidence: long clause chain; dunga-y go PAST dungan; ngamu-nka DAT recipient
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:48:35.802383+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T07:04:07.297833+00:00
english:
I went to the scrub, climbed the fig tree, gathered the ripe figs, and brought them back to my mother in the coolamon.

analysis:
ngayu madja-nga dunga-ny, jarrangkal daka-ny, binanji kulbul munja-ny, ngamu-nka wundi-ny dubal-ba | I scrub-LOC go-PAST, fig.tree climb-PAST, fig ripe gather-PAST, mother-DAT bring-PAST coolamon-LOC

words_used:
["ngayu", "madja", "dungay", "jarrangkal", "dakal", "binanji", "kulbul", "munjal", "ngamu", "wundil", "dubal"]


english: The oak and the messmate stood together on the ground, and the children were in their shade.
kuku: Dalban warka baja muru janan bubungu, karrkay-karrkay wabarrba.
frame: clause_chain
words_used: ["dalban", "warka", "baja", "muru", "janay", "bubu", "karrkay", "wabarr"]
loans_used: []
evidence: dalban 'oak tree'; warka 'messmate'; muru 'together' (NOT shame root); wabarr-ba shade-LOC
status: accepted
confidence: 0.9
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:48:35.802383+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T07:04:07.297833+00:00
analysis:
dalban warka baja muru jana-ny bubu-ngu, karrkay-karrkay wabarr-ba | oak messmate too together stand-PAST ground-LOC, child-child shade-LOC


english: The old woman said: the paperbark bark is very soft; the little children lie on it.
kuku: Mukulungku balkan: buyku dumbul jika bajaku; karrkay-karrkay dumbulbu wunay.
frame: teaching
words_used: ["mukul", "balkal", "buyku", "dumbul", "jika", "bajaku", "karrkay", "wunay"]
loans_used: []
evidence: jika 'soft' (adj); bajaku very
status: accepted
confidence: 0.9
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:48:35.802383+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T07:04:07.297833+00:00
analysis:
mukul-ungku balka-ny: buyku dumbul jika bajaku; karrkay-karrkay dumbul-bu wuna-y. | old.woman-ERG say-PAST: paperbark bark soft very; child-child bark-LOC lie-NONPAST.


english: The ripe pineapple is very sweet, and the hungry children ate it by the fire.
kuku: Banabul kulbul jiba-wulay bajaku; karrkay-karrkay dakwuy nukan kunjinba.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["banabul", "kulbul", "jiba-wulay", "bajaku", "karrkay", "dakwuy", "nukal", "kunjin"]
loans_used: []
evidence: jiba-wulay 'sweet' (errata vindicated); banabul pineapple
status: accepted
confidence: 0.9
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:48:35.802383+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T07:04:07.297833+00:00
analysis:
banabul kulbul jiba-wulay bajaku; karrkay-karrkay dakwuy nuka-ny kunjin-ba | pineapple ripe sweet very; child-child hungry eat-PAST fire-LOC


english: The fern and the fern tree grow by the river, and the mangroves stand together in the water too.
kuku: Malari malurri baja wawubajanga janay; kajul baja bananga muru.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["malari", "malurri", "baja", "wawubaja", "janay", "kajul", "bana", "muru"]
loans_used: []
evidence: malurri 'tree' (fern tree); pairs with malari fern
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:48:35.802383+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T07:04:07.297833+00:00
analysis:
malari malurri baja wawubaja-nga jana-y; kajul baja bana-nga muru | fern fern.tree too river-LOC stand-NONPAST; mangrove too water-LOC together


english: The grandmother taught the girl: we cut the lawyer cane in the scrub and tie the coolamon with it.
kuku: Babingka jalbu binalbungan: ngana kaku madjanga yakal, dubal kajal kakubu.
frame: teaching
words_used: ["babi", "jalbu", "binal", "ngana", "kaku", "madja", "yakal", "dubal", "kajal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: kaku-bu INST (u-final -bu); jalbu 'female/girl'
status: revised
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:48:35.802383+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:03:59.893077+00:00
analysis:
babi-ngka jalbu binal-bunga-ny: ngana kaku madja-nga yaka-l, dubal kaja-l kaku-bu. | grandmother-ERG girl teach-PAST: we lawyer.cane scrub-LOC cut-NONPAST, coolamon tie-NONPAST cane-INST.


english: The bloodwood, the ti tree, and the white gum are all for the fire.
kuku: Babajaka, bikarrakul, bajar baja — jana kunjinku.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["babajaka", "bikarrakul", "bajar", "baja", "jana", "kunjin"]
loans_used: []
evidence: kunjin-ku DAT 'for fire'; jana 'they'
status: accepted
confidence: 0.9
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:48:35.802383+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T07:04:07.297833+00:00
analysis:
babajaka, bikarrakul, bajar baja - jana kunjin-ku | bloodwood, ti.tree, white.gum too - they fire-DAT


english: The woman ground the black bean seeds on the flat stone and then cooked them.
kuku: Jalbungku baway diburr kuljinga nyurrban, wajun baja.
frame: clause_chain
words_used: ["jalbu", "baway", "diburr", "kulji", "nyurrbal", "wajul", "baja"]
loans_used: []
evidence: baway 'black bean'; diburr 'seed'; nyurrba-l grind (errata vindicated); kulji-nga LOC
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:48:35.802383+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T07:04:07.297833+00:00
analysis:
jalbu-ngku baway diburr kulji-nga nyurrba-ny, waju-ny baja | woman-ERG black.bean seed stone-LOC grind-PAST, cook-PAST too


kuku: Ngayu madjanga yalngkal nganka bilar diburr baja munjan, dubalba wundin bayanka.
frame: micro_narrative
loans_used: []
evidence: yalngkal 'wattle tree'; bilar 'candlenut tree'
status: accepted
confidence: 0.9
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:48:35.802383+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T07:04:07.297833+00:00
english:
I gathered the wattle flowers and the candlenut seeds in the scrub, and brought them home in my coolamon.

analysis:
ngayu madja-nga yalngkal nganka bilar diburr baja munja-ny, dubal-ba wundi-ny bayan-ka | I scrub-LOC wattle flower candlenut seed too gather-PAST, coolamon-LOC bring-PAST house-DAT

words_used:
["ngayu", "madja", "yalngkal", "nganka", "bilar", "diburr", "baja", "munjal", "dubal", "wundil", "bayan"]


english: The grass tree grows on the dry ground, and its flower is tall.
kuku: Nganjirr marral bubungu janay; nyungu nganka kalbay.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["nganjirr", "marral", "bubu", "janay", "nyungu", "nganka", "kalbay"]
loans_used: []
evidence: nganjirr grass tree; nganka flower; kalbay tall
status: accepted
confidence: 0.9
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:48:35.802383+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T07:04:07.297833+00:00
analysis:
nganjirr marral bubu-ngu jana-y; nyungu nganka kalbay | grass.tree dry ground-LOC stand-NONPAST; its flower tall


english: Climb the palm, cut the top, and bring the good food down to us!
kuku: Yawarrba daka, kaku yaka, ngananda mayi wundi!
frame: imperative_chain
words_used: ["yawarr", "dakal", "kaku", "yakal", "ngana", "mayi", "wundil"]
loans_used: []
evidence: yawarr 'palm'; yawarr-ba LOC (trill rr a-final -ba); ngana-nda us-LOC
status: accepted
confidence: 0.9
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:48:35.802383+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T07:04:07.297833+00:00
analysis:
yawarr-ba daka, kaku yaka, ngana-nda mayi wundi! | palm-LOC climb.IMP, cane.top cut.IMP, us-LOC food bring.IMP!


english: The old man said: that vine is strong; we tie the vine to the house.
kuku: Mukul-dingkarangka balkan: wangay yinya junkurrji; ngali wangay kajal bayanka.
frame: teaching
words_used: ["mukul", "dingkar", "balkal", "wangay", "yinya", "junkurrji", "ngali", "kajal", "bayan"]
loans_used: []
evidence: wangay vine; yinya that; bayan-ka DAT goal
status: revised
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:48:35.802383+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:03:01.888661+00:00
analysis:
mukul-dingkar-angka balka-ny: wangay yinya junkurrji; ngali wangay kaja-l bayan-ka. | old-man-ERG say-PAST: vine that strong; we.two vine tie-NONPAST house-DAT.


english: The children found sweet shoots on the vine and ate them all.
kuku: Karrkay-karrkay mawara jurrbu jiba-wulay nyajin, nukan wubul.
frame: clause_chain
words_used: ["karrkay", "mawar", "jurrbu", "jiba-wulay", "nyajil", "nukal", "wubul"]
loans_used: []
evidence: mawar-a LOC (single retroflex r -> -a); wubul 'many/all'
status: accepted
confidence: 0.9
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:48:35.802383+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T07:04:07.297833+00:00
analysis:
karrkay-karrkay mawar-a jurrbu jiba-wulay nyaji-ny, nuka-ny wubul | child-child vine-LOC shoots sweet see-PAST, eat-PAST many


english: The man cut the big tree, took the bark, and carried it to the river for a canoe.
kuku: Dingkarangka juku yalbay yakan, julkun manin, wawubajanga wundin marrakanka.
frame: clause_chain
words_used: ["dingkar", "juku", "yalbay", "yakal", "julkun", "manil", "wawubaja", "wundil", "marrakan"]
loans_used: []
evidence: marrakan 'dugout canoe (red cedar)' dict 2nd sense; yalbay-muny ABL; marrakan-ka PURP
status: revised
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:48:35.802383+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:03:59.893077+00:00
analysis:
dingkar-angka juku yalbay yaka-ny, julkun mani-ny, wawubaja-nga wundi-ny marrakan-ka | man-ERG tree big cut-PAST, bark get-PAST, river-LOC bring-PAST canoe-PURP


english: Which bark is the strongest? The messmate bark is the strongest.
kuku: Wanya dumbul junkurrji? Warka dumbul junkurrji bajaku.
frame: question
words_used: ["wanya", "dumbul", "junkurrji", "warka", "bajaku"]
loans_used: []
evidence: warka 'messmate'; junkurrji bajaku = strongest
status: accepted
confidence: 0.9
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:48:35.802383+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T07:04:07.297833+00:00
analysis:
wanya dumbul junkurrji? warka dumbul junkurrji bajaku. | what bark strong? messmate bark strong very.


english: The leaves of the fig fell to the ground, and later the new shoots came up again.
kuku: Jarrangkal birra bubungu daran, jurrbu jirakal janan baja.
frame: clause_chain
words_used: ["jarrangkal", "birra", "bubu", "daray", "jurrbu", "jirakal", "janay", "baja"]
loans_used: []
evidence: birra 'leaf'; jirakal 'new'; jurrbu shoots; seasonal cycle
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:48:35.802383+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T07:04:07.297833+00:00
analysis:
jarrangkal birra bubu-ngu dara-ny, jurrbu jirakal jana-ny baja | fig.tree leaf ground-LOC fall-PAST, shoots new stand-PAST too


english: The grandmother told the child: every tree of this country has its name; you will learn them all.
kuku: Babingka karrkay balkan: juku wubul bubungu nyungu burri; yundu binal jana wubulku.
frame: teaching
words_used: ["babi", "karrkay", "balkal", "juku", "wubul", "bubu", "nyungu", "burri", "yundu", "binal", "jana"]
loans_used: []
evidence: burri 'name' (errata vindicated noun); bina-l know/learn
status: revised
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:48:35.802383+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:03:59.893077+00:00
analysis:
babi-ngka karrkay balka-ny: juku wubul bubu-ngu nyungu burri; yundu bina-l jana wubul-ku. | grandmother-ERG child say-PAST: tree many country-LOC its name; you know-NONPAST them all-DAT.


english: The pineapple grows low near the camp, and its fruit is sweet when ripe.
kuku: Banabul bayanba janay; nyungu mayi kulbul jiba-wulay.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["banabul", "bayan", "janay", "nyungu", "mayi", "kulbul", "jiba-wulay"]
loans_used: []
evidence: bayan-ba LOC (n-final a-vowel -ba); jiba-wulay sweet
status: accepted
confidence: 0.9
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:48:35.802383+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T07:04:07.297833+00:00
analysis:
banabul bayan-ba jana-y; nyungu mayi kulbul jiba-wulay | pineapple house-LOC stand-NONPAST; its food ripe sweet


frame: micro_narrative
loans_used: []
evidence: closing micro-narrative; transmission theme; burri 'name'
status: revised
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:48:35.802383+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:03:59.893077+00:00
english:
My grandmother taught me the names of all the trees: the paperbark, the bloodwood, the fig, the palm, and the vine; now I know them and I teach the children too.

kuku:
Babingka ngayku juku burri binalbungan: buyku, babajaka, jarrangkal, duwar, mawar baja; ngayu binal jana, karrkay-karrkay binalbungal baja.

analysis:
babi-ngka ngayku juku burri binal-bunga-ny: buyku, babajaka, jarrangkal, duwar, mawar baja; ngayu bina-l jana, karrkay-karrkay binal-bunga-l baja | grandmother-ERG me-DAT tree name teach-PAST: paperbark, bloodwood, fig.tree, black.palm, vine too; I know-NONPAST them, child-child teach-NONPAST too

words_used:
["babi", "ngayku", "juku", "burri", "binal", "buyku", "babajaka", "jarrangkal", "duwar", "mawar", "baja", "ngayu", "jana", "karrkay"]


english: The woman went to the river to get water and to cook the food.
kuku: Jalbu wawubajanga dungan, bana maninka mayi wajunku.
frame: purposive
words_used: ["jalbu", "wawubaja", "dungay", "bana", "manil", "mayi", "wajul"]
loans_used: []
evidence: PURP -nka (mani-nka) / u-stem -nku (waju-nku, r.10b)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.9
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:36:24.542660+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T07:39:14.810893+00:00
analysis:
jalbu wawubaja-nga dunga-ny, bana mani-nka mayi waju-nku | woman river-LOC go-PAST, water get-PURP food cook-PURP


english: The men climbed the ridge to see the smoke of the far-off camp.
kuku: Dingkar bubungu dakan, kubu bayan kala-kalbay nyajinka.
frame: purposive
words_used: ["dingkar", "bubu", "dakal", "kubu", "bayan", "kala-kalbay", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
evidence: kubu 'smoke' (r.29); kala-kalbay 'far' (r.27); nyaji-nka PURP
status: accepted
confidence: 0.9
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:36:24.542660+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T07:39:14.810893+00:00
analysis:
dingkar bubu-ngu daka-ny, kubu bayan kala-kalbay nyaji-nka | man ground-LOC climb-PAST, smoke house far see-PURP


english: Bring dry wood to start the fire, and dig a pit to roast the meat!
kuku: Juku marral wundi baya jakalambanka, bubu baka minya dindanka!
frame: imperative_chain
words_used: ["juku", "marral", "wundil", "baya", "jakalambal", "bubu", "bakal", "minya", "dindal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: jakalamba-l 'start a fire', dinda-l 'roast' (r.29); PURP -nka
status: accepted
confidence: 0.9
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:36:24.542660+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T07:39:14.810893+00:00
analysis:
juku marral wundi baya jakalamba-nka, bubu baka minya dinda-nka | wood dry bring.IMP fire start-PURP, ground dig.IMP meat roast-PURP


english: While the old woman was cooking, the children sat by the fire and wanted the food.
kuku: Mukul waju-nya, karrkay-karrkay kunjinba bundan, mayika wawu.
frame: clause_chain
words_used: ["mukul", "wajul", "karrkay", "kunjin", "bunday", "mayi", "wawu"]
loans_used: []
evidence: SUB -nya (waju-nya); object of want = DAT (mayi-ka wawu, r.6)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.9
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:36:24.542660+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T07:39:14.810893+00:00
analysis:
mukul waju-nya, karrkay-karrkay kunjin-ba bunda-ny, mayi-ka wawu | old.woman cook-SUB, child-child fire-LOC sit-PAST, food-DAT want


kuku: Mukul-dingkarangka balkan: juku waju, jarramali kada-nyji; baya nanda, jikanba dunga-nyji.
frame: teaching
loans_used: []
evidence: PRECAUT -nyji (kada-nyji, dunga-nyji, r.24); jarramali 'thunder/storm'
status: revised
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:36:24.542660+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:03:01.888661+00:00
english:
The old man said: burn the ironwood lest the storm come, and cover the fire lest it spread to the grass.

analysis:
mukul-dingkar-angka balka-ny: juku waju, jarramali kada-nyji; baya nanda, jikan-ba dunga-nyji | old-man-ERG say-PAST: wood burn.IMP, thunder come-PRECAUT; fire close.IMP, grass-LOC go-PRECAUT

words_used:
["mukul", "dingkar", "balkal", "juku", "wajul", "jarramali", "kaday", "baya", "nandal", "jikan", "dungay"]


english: Hold the dog tightly lest it chase the wallaby and run away!
kuku: Kaya karrba dandi, kadar kanga-nyji, warri-nyji!
frame: imperative_chain
words_used: ["kaya", "karrbal", "dandi", "kadar", "kangal", "warri"]
loans_used: []
evidence: stacked PRECAUT (kanga-nyji, warri-nyji, r.24)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.9
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:36:24.542660+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T07:39:14.810893+00:00
analysis:
kaya karrba dandi, kadar kanga-nyji, warri-nyji | dog hold.IMP tight, wallaby chase-PRECAUT, run-PRECAUT


english: They came to the water, caught a fish, cooked it on the coals, and then ate it together.
kuku: Jana bananga kadan, kuyu manin, ngunjilba wajun, muru nukanda.
frame: micro_narrative
words_used: ["jana", "bana", "kaday", "kuyu", "manil", "ngunjil", "wajul", "muru", "nukal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: successive TEMP1 -da on final verb (nuka-ny-da->nukanda, r.30)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.9
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:36:24.542660+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T07:39:14.810893+00:00
analysis:
jana bana-nga kada-ny, kuyu mani-ny, ngunjil-ba waju-ny, muru nuka-ny-da | they water-LOC come-PAST, fish get-PAST, coals-LOC cook-PAST, together eat-PAST-then


english: The woman swept the ground clean before she set up the camp.
kuku: Jalbungku bubu kidan, bayan ngara-nyjiku.
analysis: jalbu-ngku bubu kida-ny, bayan ngara-nyjiku | woman-ERG ground sweep-PAST, camp set.up-SUCC
frame: clause_chain
words_used: ["jalbu", "bubu", "kidal", "bayan", "ngaral"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.9
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:36:24.542660+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T07:39:14.810893+00:00
evidence:
SUCC -nyjiku (ngara-nyjiku 'before setting up camp', grammar 449); ngara-l = build/set up (NOT listen)


frame: micro_narrative
loans_used: []
evidence: long successive chain; recipient of cook-for = LOC (ngana-nda)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:36:24.542660+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T07:39:14.810893+00:00
english:
I went into the scrub, dug the roots, gathered the ripe figs, carried them home, and then my mother cooked them for us.

kuku:
Ngayu madjanga dungan, bangkan bakan, binanji kulbul munjan, bayanka wundin, ngamungku ngananda wajunda.

analysis:
ngayu madja-nga dunga-ny, bangkan baka-ny, binanji kulbul munja-ny, bayan-ka wundi-ny, ngamu-ngku ngana-nda waju-ny-da | I scrub-LOC go-PAST, root dig-PAST, fig ripe gather-PAST, house-DAT bring-PAST, mother-ERG us-LOC cook-PAST-then

words_used:
["ngayu", "madja", "dungay", "bangkan", "bakal", "binanji", "kulbul", "munjal", "bayan", "wundil", "ngamu", "ngana", "wajul"]


kuku: Mukul-dingkarangka balkan: ngayu bubu ngadiku bina-nyaku, yambada ngayu warru bajaku.
frame: teaching
words_used: ["mukul", "dingkar", "balkal", "ngayu", "bubu", "ngadiku", "binal", "yambada", "warru"]
loans_used: []
evidence: IRR -nyaku (bina-nyaku 'should have known', r.28); yambada 'but' (grammar 5072)
status: revised
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:36:24.542660+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:03:01.888661+00:00
english:
The old man said: I should have known the old ways, but I was young and I thought I knew everything.

analysis:
mukul-dingkar-angka balka-ny: ngayu bubu ngadiku bina-nyaku, yambada ngayu warru bajaku | old-man-ERG say-PAST: I country old know-IRR, but I young very


english: I should have brought more water, but the day was hot and my coolamon was already full.
kuku: Ngayu bana wubul wundi-nyaku, yambada wungar wumbul, ngayku dubal yajin baja.
frame: micro_narrative
loans_used: []
evidence: IRR regret frame (wundi-nyaku ... yambada ...)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:36:24.542660+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T07:39:14.810893+00:00
analysis:
ngayu bana wubul wundi-nyaku, yambada wungar wumbul, ngayku dubal yajin baja | I water much bring-IRR, but sun hot, my coolamon full too

words_used:
["ngayu", "bana", "wubul", "wundil", "yambada", "wungar", "wumbul", "ngayku", "dubal", "yajin", "baja"]


frame: teaching
loans_used: []
evidence: kaki conditional + NONPAST (r.28); jiri 'sky', kuwa 'NW' (r.27)
status: revised
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:36:24.542660+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:03:01.888661+00:00
english:
The old man said: if you see the black sky in the north-west, you know the storm is coming, so build the shelter first.

kuku:
Mukul-dingkarangka balkan: kaki yundu jiri wujurr kuwanga nyaji, yundu binal jarramali kada-nya, yundu bayan ngara ngadiku.

analysis:
mukul-dingkar-angka balka-ny: kaki yundu jiri wujurr kuwa-nga nyaji, yundu binal jarramali kada-nya, yundu bayan ngara ngadiku | old-man-ERG say-PAST: if you sky dark NW-LOC see, you know thunder come-SUB, you house build.IMP first

words_used:
["mukul", "dingkar", "balkal", "kaki", "yundu", "jiri", "wujurr", "kuwa", "nyajil", "binal", "jarramali", "kaday", "bayan", "ngaral", "ngadiku"]


english: If the fish does not come, what will we eat? If it does not come, we will dig for roots.
kuku: Kaki kuyu kari kaday, wanya ngali nukanka? Kaki kari kaday, ngali bangkan bakanka.
frame: question
words_used: ["kaki", "kuyu", "kari", "kaday", "wanya", "ngali", "nukal", "bangkan", "bakal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: negative conditional kaki...kari (r.28)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.9
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:36:24.542660+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T07:39:14.810893+00:00
analysis:
kaki kuyu kari kada-y, wanya ngali nuka-nka? kaki kari kada-y, ngali bangkan baka-nka | if fish NEG come, what we eat-PURP? if NEG come, we root dig-PURP


english: Get the spear to hunt the wallaby, and bring the dog to chase it!
kuku: Kalka mana, kadar damanka; kaya wundi, kanganka!
frame: imperative_chain
words_used: ["kalka", "manil", "kadar", "damal", "kaya", "wundil", "kangal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: suppletive IMP mana 'get'; PURP dama-nka/kanga-nka
status: accepted
confidence: 0.9
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:36:24.542660+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T07:39:14.810893+00:00
analysis:
kalka mana, kadar dama-nka; kaya wundi, kanga-nka | spear get.IMP, wallaby spear-PURP; dog bring.IMP, chase-PURP


english: The children shouted when they saw their father coming back with meat.
kuku: Karrkay-karrkay yirrkan, jana nganjan nyaji-nya, nyulu minya-ji kada-nya.
frame: clause_chain
words_used: ["karrkay", "yirrkay", "nganjan", "nyajil", "minya", "kaday"]
loans_used: []
evidence: two SUB clauses (nyaji-nya, kada-nya); nganjan 'father' (r.25); COMIT minya-ji
status: accepted
confidence: 0.9
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:36:24.542660+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T07:39:14.810893+00:00
analysis:
karrkay-karrkay yirrka-ny, jana nganjan nyaji-nya, nyulu minya-ji kada-nya | child-child shout-PAST, they father see-SUB, he meat-COMIT come-SUB


english: The young man cut the wood for a spear, hardened it in the fire, and then went to hunt for meat.
kuku: Warru juku yakan kalkanka, kunjinba dandi-bungan, minya damanka dunganda.
frame: micro_narrative
words_used: ["warru", "juku", "yakal", "kalka", "kunjin", "dandi", "minya", "damal", "dungay"]
loans_used: []
evidence: PURP (kalka-nka, dama-nka) + TEMP1 -da; dandi-bunga-l 'harden' (transparent CAUS)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:36:24.542660+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T07:39:14.810893+00:00
analysis:
warru juku yaka-ny kalka-nka, kunjin-ba dandi-bunga-ny, minya dama-nka dunga-ny-da | young.man wood cut-PAST spear-PURP, fire-LOC hard-CAUS-PAST, meat spear-PURP go-PAST-then


frame: teaching
words_used: ["babi", "jalbu", "binal", "kaki", "yundu", "mayi", "munjal", "bawal", "bubu", "karrkay", "daya"]
loans_used: []
evidence: kaki + IMP result; bawa-l 'leave' (dict 'quit')
status: revised
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:36:24.542660+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The grandmother taught the girl: if you gather food, leave some, so the country will feed your children.

kuku:
Babingka jalbu binalbungan: kaki yundu mayi munja, bada baja bawa, bubu nyulu karrkay-karrkay dayanka.

analysis:
babi-ngka jalbu binal-bunga-ny: kaki yundu mayi munja, bada baja bawa, bubu nyulu karrkay-karrkay daya-nka | grandmother-ERG girl teach-PAST: if you food gather.IMP, some too leave.IMP, country it child-child give-PURP


english: Did you go to the river? Yes, I went to catch fish for the old people.
kuku: Yundu wawubajanga dungan? Yuwu, ngayu kuyu karrbanka mukulka dungan.
frame: question
words_used: ["yundu", "wawubaja", "dungay", "yuwu", "ngayu", "kuyu", "karrbal", "mukul"]
loans_used: []
evidence: PURP karrba-nka; beneficiary DAT mukul-ka
status: accepted
confidence: 0.9
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:36:24.542660+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T07:39:14.810893+00:00
analysis:
yundu wawubaja-nga dunga-ny? yuwu, ngayu kuyu karrba-nka mukul-ka dunga-ny | you river-LOC go-PAST? yes, I fish catch-PURP old-DAT go-PAST


english: Do not put the fish in the sun lest it spoil; hang it in the shade instead!
kuku: Kuyu kari wungara yijarri, buyun-manyji; wabarrba walngka!
frame: imperative_chain
words_used: ["kuyu", "kari", "wungar", "yijarril", "buyun", "wabarr", "walngkal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: PRECAUT on INCHO (buyun-ma-nyji 'lest it go bad'); walngka-l 'hang'
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:36:24.542660+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T07:39:14.810893+00:00
analysis:
kuyu kari wungar-a yijarri, buyun-ma-nyji; wabarr-ba walngka | fish NEG sun-LOC put.IMP, bad-INCHO-PRECAUT; shade-LOC hang.IMP


kuku: Wungar bada dunga-nya, bama minyamuny kadan, minya wajun, kunjin wumbulbu wunanda.
frame: micro_narrative
words_used: ["wungar", "bada", "dungay", "bama", "minya", "kaday", "wajul", "kunjin", "wumbul", "wunay"]
loans_used: []
evidence: SUB (dunga-nya) opens, TEMP1 -da closes (wuna-ny-da); wumbul-bu LOC (l-final u-vowel)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:36:24.542660+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T07:39:14.810893+00:00
english:
When the sun went down, the people came back from hunting, cooked the meat, and then slept by the warm fire.

analysis:
wungar bada dunga-nya, bama minya-muny kada-ny, minya waju-ny, kunjin wumbul-bu wuna-ny-da | sun down go-SUB, people meat-ABL come-PAST, meat cook-PAST, fire hot-LOC sleep-PAST-then


kuku: Jikan marral munja baya jakalambanka, bana wundi nyamanka, minya yaka ngunjilba dindanka!
frame: imperative_chain
loans_used: []
evidence: triple PURP chain; nyama-l 'boil' (r.29)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.9
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:36:24.542660+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T07:39:14.810893+00:00
english:
Gather the dry grass to start the fire, fetch water to boil, and cut the meat to roast on the coals!

analysis:
jikan marral munja baya jakalamba-nka, bana wundi nyama-nka, minya yaka ngunjil-ba dinda-nka | grass dry gather.IMP fire start-PURP, water bring.IMP boil-PURP, meat cut.IMP coals-LOC roast-PURP

words_used:
["jikan", "marral", "munjal", "baya", "jakalambal", "bana", "wundil", "nyamal", "minya", "yakal", "ngunjil", "dindal"]


english: Did you go with your brother? No, I stayed in the camp; I should have gone with him.
kuku: Yundu yaba-ji dungan? Kari, ngayu bayanba bundan; ngayu yaba-ji dunga-nyaku.
frame: question
words_used: ["yundu", "yaba", "dungay", "kari", "ngayu", "bayan", "bunday"]
loans_used: []
evidence: IRR regret (dunga-nyaku); yaba-nji COMIT (potent kin, r.25)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:36:24.542660+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T07:39:14.810893+00:00
analysis:
yundu yaba-ji dunga-ny? kari, ngayu bayan-ba bunda-ny; ngayu yaba-ji dunga-nyaku | you brother-COMIT go-PAST? no, I house-LOC sit-PAST; I brother-COMIT go-IRR


frame: teaching
loans_used: []
evidence: kaki + IMP + result; the hearth-law (share first); dakwuy 'hungry' (r.29)
status: revised
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:36:24.542660+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:03:01.888661+00:00
english:
The old man taught the boys: if you catch a big animal, give the best part to the old people first, and then no one in the camp will be hungry.

kuku:
Mukul-dingkarangka warru-warru binalbungan: kaki yundu minya yalbay karrba, minya bada daya mukul-mukulka ngadiku, bama bayanba kariku dakwuy.

analysis:
mukul-dingkar-angka warru-warru binal-bunga-ny: kaki yundu minya yalbay karrba, minya bada daya mukul-mukul-ka ngadiku, bama bayan-ba kariku dakwuy | old-man-ERG young-young teach-PAST: if you meat big catch.IMP, meat some give.IMP old-old-DAT first, people camp-LOC NEG hungry

words_used:
["mukul", "dingkar", "warru", "binal", "kaki", "yundu", "minya", "yalbay", "karrbal", "daya", "ngadiku", "bama", "bayan", "kari", "dakwuy"]


english: The dog barked while the strangers were walking toward the camp in the dark.
kuku: Kaya yirrkan, bama-yindu bayan-mundu jilba-nya wujurrbu.
frame: clause_chain
words_used: ["kaya", "yirrkay", "bama", "yindu", "bayan", "jilbay", "wujurr"]
loans_used: []
evidence: SUB jilba-nya; -mundu 'toward' (r.27); bama-yindu 'strangers'
status: accepted
confidence: 0.9
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:36:24.542660+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T07:39:14.810893+00:00
analysis:
kaya yirrka-ny, bama-yindu bayan-mundu jilba-nya wujurr-bu | dog bark-PAST, stranger house-toward walk-SUB dark-LOC


english: I sat quietly up on the rock to watch the big fish, and when it came close I speared it.
kuku: Ngayu kulji wangkara bundan, kuyu yalbay nyajinka; nyulu ngundu kada-nya, ngayu daman.
frame: micro_narrative
words_used: ["ngayu", "kulji", "wangkar", "bunday", "kuyu", "yalbay", "nyajil", "ngundu", "kaday", "damal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: PURP (nyaji-nka) + SUB (kada-nya); wangkar-a LOC (single r -> -a)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:36:24.542660+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T07:39:14.810893+00:00
analysis:
ngayu kulji wangkar-a bunda-ny, kuyu yalbay nyaji-nka; nyulu ngundu kada-nya, ngayu dama-ny | I stone up-LOC sit-PAST, fish big see-PURP; it near come-SUB, I spear-PAST


kuku: Jalbu jambul kurrma bakan, mayi dukurrbu yijarrin, bububu nandan, jani-manda.
frame: micro_narrative
words_used: ["jalbu", "kurrma", "bakal", "mayi", "dukurr", "yijarril", "bubu", "nandal", "jani"]
loans_used: []
evidence: kurrma 'earth oven', jani 'well-cooked' (r.29); INCHO+TEMP1 (jani-ma-nda)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:36:24.542660+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T07:39:14.810893+00:00
english:
The two women dug the earth oven, put the food inside, sealed it with earth, and then it cooked well.

analysis:
jalbu jambul kurrma baka-ny, mayi dukurr-bu yijarri-ny, bubu-bu nanda-ny, jani-ma-nda | woman two oven dig-PAST, food inside-LOC put-PAST, earth-INST close-PAST, cooked-INCHO-then


english: Watch the child near the fire lest it fall in, and do not leave the spear where the children play!
kuku: Karrkay kunjin ngundu kuji, nyulu kunjinba wala-nyji; kalka kari yijarri karrkay-karrkay bubungu!
frame: imperative_chain
words_used: ["karrkay", "kunjin", "ngundu", "kujil", "walal", "kalka", "kari", "yijarril", "bubu"]
loans_used: []
evidence: PRECAUT wala-nyji; kuji-l 'look after'; wala-l 'enter'
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:36:24.542660+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T07:39:14.810893+00:00
analysis:
karrkay kunjin ngundu kuji, nyulu kunjin-ba wala-nyji; kalka kari yijarri karrkay-karrkay bubu-ngu | child fire near look.after.IMP, it fire-LOC enter-PRECAUT; spear NEG leave.IMP child-child ground-LOC


english: If there is no water, we dig in the ground to get it.
kuku: Kaki bana kari, ngali bubungu bakal, bana maninka.
frame: clause_chain
words_used: ["kaki", "bana", "kari", "ngali", "bubu", "bakal", "manil"]
loans_used: []
evidence: kaki + NONPAST result + PURP (mani-nka)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.9
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:36:24.542660+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T07:39:14.810893+00:00
analysis:
kaki bana kari, ngali bubu-ngu baka-l, bana mani-nka | if water NEG, we ground-LOC dig-NONPAST, water get-PURP


frame: teaching
loans_used: []
evidence: IRR (binal-bunga-nyaku 'should have taught'); burri 'name' (vindicated); COMIT mukul-mukul-nji
status: accepted
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:36:24.542660+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T07:39:14.810893+00:00
english:
The old woman said: we should have taught the young ones the plant names, but we waited too long, and now that knowledge has gone with the old people.

kuku:
Mukulungku balkan: ngali warru-warru juku burri binal-bunga-nyaku, yambada ngali bada bundan; binal wubul mukul-mukul-ji dunganda.

analysis:
mukul-ungku balka-ny: ngali warru-warru juku burri binal-bunga-nyaku, yambada ngali bada bunda-ny; binal wubul mukul-mukul-ji dunga-ny-da | old.woman say-PAST: we young-young tree name teach-IRR, but we down sit-PAST; knowledge much old-old-COMIT go-PAST-then

words_used:
["mukul", "balkal", "ngali", "warru", "juku", "burri", "binal", "yambada", "bada", "bunday", "wubul", "dungay"]


kuku: Dingkar kuyu-ngurr manin, bangkan bakan, mayi kulbul munjan, wubul bayanka wundinda.
frame: micro_narrative
loans_used: []
evidence: TEMP3 -ngurr 'first' (kuyu-ngurr, u-final harmony, r.24) + TEMP1 -da close
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:36:24.542660+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T07:39:14.810893+00:00
english:
The man caught a fish first, then dug some roots, gathered ripe fruit, and carried everything back to the camp.

analysis:
dingkar kuyu-ngurr mani-ny, bangkan baka-ny, mayi kulbul munja-ny, wubul bayan-ka wundi-ny-da | man fish-first get-PAST, root dig-PAST, food ripe gather-PAST, all house-DAT bring-PAST-then

words_used:
["dingkar", "kuyu", "manil", "bangkan", "bakal", "mayi", "kulbul", "munjal", "wubul", "bayan", "wundil"]


english: Sweep the ground clean, then set up the shelter, and light the fire just before the sun goes down.
kuku: Bubu kida, bayan ngara-nyjiku, baya jakalamba wungar bada dunga-nyjiku.
frame: imperative_chain
words_used: ["bubu", "kidal", "bayan", "ngaral", "baya", "jakalambal", "wungar", "bada", "dungay"]
loans_used: []
evidence: SUCC -nyjiku twice (sequence, r.30)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.9
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:36:24.542660+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T07:39:14.810893+00:00
analysis:
bubu kida, bayan ngara-nyjiku, baya jakalamba wungar bada dunga-nyjiku | ground sweep.IMP, house set.up-SUCC, fire start.IMP sun down go-SUCC


english: If you are hungry, why did you not eat? I was waiting for you, so that we could eat together.
kuku: Kaki yundu dakwuy, yundu kari nukan? Ngayu yundunka bundan, ngali muru nukanka.
frame: question
words_used: ["kaki", "yundu", "dakwuy", "kari", "nukal", "ngayu", "bunday", "ngali", "muru"]
loans_used: []
evidence: kaki + purpose (nuka-nka 'so we may eat'); yundu-nka DAT
status: accepted
confidence: 0.9
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:36:24.542660+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T07:39:14.810893+00:00
analysis:
kaki yundu dakwuy, yundu kari nuka-ny? ngayu yundu-nka bunda-ny, ngali muru nuka-nka | if you hungry, you NEG eat-PAST? I you-DAT sit-PAST, we together eat-PURP


english: The child cried while the mother was digging, so the grandmother held it and sang out.
kuku: Karrkay badin, ngamu baka-nya, babingka karrban, yirrkan.
frame: clause_chain
words_used: ["karrkay", "badi", "ngamu", "bakal", "babi", "karrbal", "yirrkay"]
loans_used: []
evidence: SUB baka-nya; badi 'cry', yirrka-y 'sing/call out'
status: revised
confidence: 0.9
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:36:24.542660+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:03:01.888661+00:00
analysis:
karrkay badi-ny, ngamu baka-nya, babi-ngka karrba-ny, yirrka-ny | child cry-PAST, mother dig-SUB, grandmother-ERG hold-PAST, sing.out-PAST


frame: teaching
loans_used: []
evidence: kaki conditional + hearth-law; babaji 'ask'; kuku 'word/language/law'
status: revised
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:36:24.542660+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:03:01.888661+00:00
english:
The old man said: if a stranger comes to your fire, you give him water and food first, and you ask his story later, for that is the law of the country.

kuku:
Mukul-dingkarangka balkan: kaki bama-yindu yundu bayanka kada, yundu bana mayi daya ngadiku, yundu nyungu kuku babaji baja, yinya bubu nyungu kuku.

analysis:
mukul-dingkar-angka balka-ny: kaki bama-yindu yundu bayan-ka kada, yundu bana mayi daya ngadiku, yundu nyungu kuku babaji baja, yinya bubu nyungu kuku | old-man-ERG say-PAST: if stranger your house-DAT come, you water food give.IMP first, you his word ask too, that country its law

words_used:
["mukul", "dingkar", "balkal", "kaki", "bama", "yindu", "yundu", "bayan", "kaday", "bana", "mayi", "daya", "ngadiku", "nyungu", "kuku", "babaji", "yinya", "bubu"]


kuku: Ngayu juku kalbay dakan, wunba yakanka; ngayu dubal wunbabu yajin-bungan karrkay-karrkayka.
frame: micro_narrative
words_used: ["ngayu", "juku", "kalbay", "dakal", "wunba", "yakal", "dubal", "yajin", "karrkay"]
loans_used: []
evidence: PURP yaka-nka; wunba 'honey' (r.29); yajin-bunga-l 'fill' (transparent CAUS)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:36:24.542660+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T07:39:14.810893+00:00
english:
I climbed the tall tree to cut out the honey, and I filled the coolamon with sweet honey for the children.

analysis:
ngayu juku kalbay daka-ny, wunba yaka-nka; ngayu dubal wunba-bu yajin-bunga-ny karrkay-karrkay-ka | I tree tall climb-PAST, honey cut-PURP; I coolamon honey-INST full-CAUS-PAST child-child-DAT


kuku: Dingkar kadar jina wukurrin, juku ngundu bundan, kalka yilban, minya bayanka wundinda.
frame: micro_narrative
loans_used: []
evidence: successive -da; jina 'track', yilba-l 'throw', wukurri-l 'follow' (r.27)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:36:24.542660+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T07:39:14.810893+00:00
english:
The men followed the wallaby's tracks, waited near the trees, threw their spears, and then carried the meat home.

analysis:
dingkar kadar jina wukurri-ny, juku ngundu bunda-ny, kalka yilba-ny, minya bayan-ka wundi-ny-da | man wallaby track follow-PAST, tree near sit-PAST, spear throw-PAST, meat house-DAT bring-PAST-then

words_used:
["dingkar", "kadar", "jina", "wukurril", "juku", "ngundu", "bunday", "kalka", "yilbal", "minya", "bayan", "wundil"]


english: What did you bring the fire-stick for? To start a fire, so we can cook the fish we caught.
kuku: Wanya yundu jimal wundin? Baya jakalambanka, ngali kuyu wajunku.
frame: question
words_used: ["wanya", "yundu", "jimal", "wundil", "baya", "jakalambal", "ngali", "kuyu", "wajul"]
loans_used: []
evidence: PURP answer (jakalamba-nka, waju-nku); jimal 'fire-stick' (r.29)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.9
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:36:24.542660+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T07:39:14.810893+00:00
analysis:
wanya yundu jimal wundi-ny? baya jakalamba-nka, ngali kuyu waju-nku | what you fire.stick bring-PAST? fire start-PURP, we fish cook-PURP


english: The old woman smiled while she watched the children bathe in the cool waterhole.
kuku: Mukul yajarrin, nyulu karrkay-karrkay nyaji-nya, jana bana ngundu janji-nya.
frame: clause_chain
words_used: ["mukul", "yajarr", "karrkay", "nyajil", "jana", "bana", "ngundu", "janjil"]
loans_used: []
evidence: two SUB clauses (nyaji-nya, janji-nya); janji-l 'wash/bathe'
status: accepted
confidence: 0.9
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:36:24.542660+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T07:39:14.810893+00:00
analysis:
mukul yajarri-ny, nyulu karrkay-karrkay nyaji-nya, jana bana ngundu janji-nya | old.woman smile-PAST, she child-child see-SUB, they water in bathe-SUB


english: If the snake comes near, stand still lest it bite you, and call out so the men come with spears!
kuku: Kaki jarba ngundu kada, jana dandi, nyulu bayka-nyji; yirrka, dingkar kalka-ji kadanka!
frame: imperative_chain
words_used: ["kaki", "jarba", "ngundu", "kaday", "janay", "dandi", "baykal", "yirrkay", "dingkar", "kalka"]
loans_used: []
evidence: kaki + PRECAUT (bayka-nyji) + PURP (kada-nka); COMIT kalka-ji
status: accepted
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:36:24.542660+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T07:39:14.810893+00:00
analysis:
kaki jarba ngundu kada, jana dandi, nyulu bayka-nyji; yirrka, dingkar kalka-ji kada-nka | if snake near come, stand.IMP firm, it bite-PRECAUT; shout.IMP, man spear-COMIT come-PURP


kuku: Warru mukul-dingkar jina wukurri-nyaku, yambada nyulu yindu baral dungan, kariku bayan nyajin.
frame: micro_narrative
loans_used: []
evidence: IRR (wukurri-nyaku 'should have followed'); yindu 'other', baral 'road'
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:36:24.542660+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T07:39:14.810893+00:00
english:
The young man should have followed the old man's tracks, but he went another way and could not find the camp.

analysis:
warru mukul-dingkar jina wukurri-nyaku, yambada nyulu yindu baral dunga-ny, kariku bayan nyaji-ny | young.man old-man track follow-IRR, but he other road go-PAST, NEG house see-PAST

words_used:
["warru", "mukul", "dingkar", "jina", "wukurril", "yambada", "nyulu", "yindu", "baral", "dungay", "kari", "bayan", "nyajil"]


kuku: Jalbungku baya jakalamban, bana nyaman, bangkan mumban, wuynkurr karrkay bambayka dayanda.
frame: micro_narrative
loans_used: []
evidence: successive -da; mumba-l 'put in', wuynkurr 'broth', bambay 'sick' (r.29)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:36:24.542660+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T07:39:14.810893+00:00
english:
The woman lit the fire, boiled the water, put in the roots, and then gave the broth to the sick child.

analysis:
jalbu-ngku baya jakalamba-ny, bana nyama-ny, bangkan mumba-ny, wuynkurr karrkay bambay-ka daya-ny-da | woman-ERG fire start-PAST, water boil-PAST, root put.in-PAST, broth child sick-DAT give-PAST-then

words_used:
["jalbu", "baya", "jakalambal", "bana", "nyamal", "bangkan", "mumbal", "wuynkurr", "karrkay", "bambay", "daya"]


frame: teaching
loans_used: []
evidence: SUB backgrounding (bunda-nya, dunga-nya); milbi-l 'show/teach'
status: revised
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:36:24.542660+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:03:59.893077+00:00
english:
The grandmother said: while you are young, learn the songs, because when the old people go, they take what they did not teach.

kuku:
Babingka balkan: yundu warru bunda-nya, burri kuku binal; mukul-mukul dunga-nya, jana wundil jana kariku milbin.

analysis:
babi-ngka balka-ny: yundu warru bunda-nya, burri kuku binal; mukul-mukul dunga-nya, jana wundil jana kariku milbi-ny | grandmother-ERG say-PAST: you young sit-SUB, song word know.IMP; old-old go-SUB, they take what they NEG teach-PAST

words_used:
["babi", "balkal", "yundu", "warru", "bunday", "burri", "kuku", "binal", "mukul", "dungay", "jana", "wundil", "kari", "milbil"]


english: If I find honey, I will bring it to you; if not, I will come again another day.
kuku: Kaki ngayu wunba nyaji, ngayu yundunka wundil; kaki kari, ngayu wungar yindungu kaday baja.
frame: question
words_used: ["kaki", "ngayu", "wunba", "nyajil", "yundu", "wundil", "kari", "wungar", "yindu", "kaday"]
loans_used: []
evidence: kaki ... kaki kari (positive & negative conditional)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:36:24.542660+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T07:39:14.810893+00:00
analysis:
kaki ngayu wunba nyaji, ngayu yundu-nka wundil; kaki kari, ngayu wungar yindu-ngu kada-y baja | if I honey see, I you-DAT bring; if NEG, I day other-LOC come again


english: The mother held the child close to the fire lest it grow cold in the night.
kuku: Ngamungku karrkay kunjin ngundu karrban, nyulu wujurrbu kiway-manyji.
frame: clause_chain
words_used: ["ngamu", "karrkay", "kunjin", "ngundu", "karrbal", "wujurr", "kiway"]
loans_used: []
evidence: PRECAUT on INCHO (kiway-ma-nyji 'lest it become cold'); kiway 'cold' [A443]
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:36:24.542660+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T07:39:14.810893+00:00
analysis:
ngamu-ngku karrkay kunjin ngundu karrba-ny, nyulu wujurr-bu kiway-ma-nyji | mother-ERG child fire near hold-PAST, it dark-LOC cold-INCHO-PRECAUT


english: Did you show the young men the way? No, I should have shown them, but I forgot.
kuku: Yundu warru-warru baral milbin? Kari, ngayu milbi-nyaku, yambada ngayu kari binalman.
frame: question
words_used: ["yundu", "warru", "baral", "milbil", "kari", "ngayu", "yambada", "binal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: IRR (milbi-nyaku 'should have shown'); binal-ma-ny 'remembered'
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:36:24.542660+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T07:39:14.810893+00:00
analysis:
yundu warru-warru baral milbi-ny? kari, ngayu milbi-nyaku, yambada ngayu kari binal-ma-ny | you young-young road show-PAST? no, I show-IRR, but I NEG remember


frame: micro_narrative
loans_used: []
evidence: RECIP daji-wa- 'share' (subj ABS, r.26) + TEMP1 -da (daji-wa-ny-da)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:36:24.542660+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T07:39:14.810893+00:00
english:
The young man climbed the tree first, knocked the ripe fruit down, the others gathered it below, and then they all shared it by the fire.

kuku:
Warru ngadiku juku dakan, mayi kulbul bada yilban, yindu bada munjan, jana muru daji-wanda kunjinba.

analysis:
warru ngadiku juku daka-ny, mayi kulbul bada yilba-ny, yindu bada munja-ny, jana muru daji-wa-ny-da kunjin-ba | young.man first tree climb-PAST, food ripe down throw-PAST, other down gather-PAST, they together share-RECIP-PAST-then fire-LOC

words_used:
["warru", "ngadiku", "juku", "dakal", "mayi", "kulbul", "bada", "yilbal", "yindu", "munjal", "jana", "muru", "dajil", "kunjin"]


kuku: Minya yaka, ngunjilba dinda, karrkay-karrkay daji-way mukul-mukul kada-nyjiku.
frame: imperative_chain
words_used: ["minya", "yakal", "ngunjil", "dindal", "karrkay", "dajil", "mukul", "kaday"]
loans_used: []
evidence: SUCC kada-nyjiku 'just before [they] come'; RECIP daji-way
status: accepted
confidence: 0.9
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:36:24.542660+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T07:39:14.810893+00:00
english:
Cut the meat, roast it on the coals, and share it among the children just before the old people arrive.

analysis:
minya yaka, ngunjil-ba dinda, karrkay-karrkay daji-way mukul-mukul kada-nyjiku | meat cut.IMP, coals-LOC roast.IMP, child-child share-RECIP.IMP old-old come-SUCC


english: If the water is low, the women go to the mangroves to gather food.
kuku: Kaki bana bada, jalbu kajulbu dungay, minya munjanka.
frame: clause_chain
words_used: ["kaki", "bana", "bada", "jalbu", "kajul", "dungay", "minya", "munjal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: kaki + NONPAST + PURP (munja-nka); kajul-bu LOC (r.21d)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.9
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:36:24.542660+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T07:39:14.810893+00:00
analysis:
kaki bana bada, jalbu kajul-bu dunga-y, minya munja-nka | if water down, woman mangrove-LOC go-NONPAST, meat gather-PURP


frame: teaching
loans_used: []
evidence: IRR + SUB + SUCC in one elder monologue (binal-bunga-nyaku ... jana-nya ... kada-nyjiku)
status: revised
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:36:24.542660+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:03:01.888661+00:00
english:
The old man said: I should have taught you all this while I was still strong, but the days went fast; so learn well, teach your own children, before your own day comes.

kuku:
Mukul-dingkarangka balkan: ngayu yundu-yundu yinya wubul binal-bunga-nyaku, ngayu junkurrji jananya, yambada wungar warri-baja dungan; yundu binal, karrkay-karrkay yundu binal-bunga, yundu wungar kada-nyjiku.

analysis:
mukul-dingkar-angka balka-ny: ngayu yundu-yundu yinya wubul binal-bunga-nyaku, ngayu junkurrji jana-nya, yambada wungar warri-baja dunga-ny; yundu binal, karrkay-karrkay yundu binal-bunga, yundu wungar kada-nyjiku | old-man-ERG say-PAST: I you-all this much teach-IRR, I strong stand-SUB, but day fast-more go-PAST; you know.IMP, child-child you teach.IMP, your day come-SUCC

words_used:
["mukul", "dingkar", "balkal", "ngayu", "yinya", "wubul", "binal", "junkurrji", "janay", "yambada", "wungar", "warri", "dungay", "yundu", "karrkay", "kaday"]


english: The dog chased the wallaby into the scrub, but the wallaby was fast and ran off across the river.
kuku: Kayangka kadar madjanga kangan, yambada kadar warri, wawubajaburr dungan.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["kaya", "kadar", "madja", "kangal", "warri", "wawubaja", "dungay"]
loans_used: []
evidence: kaya-ngka ERG (a-final -ngka); madja-nga LOC; wawubaja-burr PERL 'across'
status: accepted
confidence: 0.9
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:57:51.012502+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:01:02.161744+00:00
analysis:
kaya-ngka kadar madja-nga kanga-ny, yambada kadar warri, wawubaja-burr dunga-ny | dog-ERG wallaby scrub-LOC chase-PAST, but wallaby fast, river-PERL go-PAST


english: The big snake lay on the warm rock in the sun, and the children did not see it.
kuku: Jarba yalbay kulji wumbulbu wunan wungara, karrkay-karrkay nyulu kariku nyajin.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["jarba", "yalbay", "kulji", "wumbul", "wunay", "wungar", "karrkay", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
evidence: wumbul-bu LOC (l-final u); wungar-a LOC (single r)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.9
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:57:51.012502+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:01:02.161744+00:00
analysis:
jarba yalbay kulji wumbul-bu wuna-ny wungar-a, karrkay-karrkay nyulu kariku nyaji-ny | snake big stone hot-LOC lie-PAST sun-LOC, child-child it NEG see-PAST


english: What did you catch at the river? I caught two catfish and one eel, and the old people ate well.
kuku: Wanya yundu wawubajanga karrban? Ngayu julaji jambul kubarr nyubun karrban, mukul-mukul jani nukan.
frame: question
loans_used: []
evidence: julaji 'catfish', kubarr 'eel'; jani 'well'
status: accepted
confidence: 0.9
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:57:51.012502+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:01:02.161744+00:00
analysis:
wanya yundu wawubaja-nga karrba-ny? ngayu julaji jambul kubarr nyubun karrba-ny, mukul-mukul jani nuka-ny | what you river-LOC catch-PAST? I catfish two eel one catch-PAST, old-old well eat-PAST

words_used:
["wanya", "yundu", "wawubaja", "karrbal", "ngayu", "julaji", "jambul", "kubarr", "nyubun", "mukul", "jani", "nukal"]


frame: teaching
loans_used: []
status: revised
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:57:51.012502+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:03:01.888661+00:00
english:
The old man said: the scrub turkey builds a big mound with its feet, lays its eggs inside, and the warm earth cooks them — so never take all the eggs, leave some to become birds.

kuku:
Mukul-dingkarangka balkan: diwan bubu jina-bu ngaran, diburr dukurrbu yijarrin, bubu wumbulbu wajun; kari diburr wubul mana, bada baja bawa dikal-manka.

analysis:
mukul-dingkar-angka balka-ny: diwan bubu jina-bu ngara-ny, diburr dukurr-bu yijarri-ny, bubu wumbul-bu waju-ny; kari diburr wubul mana, bada baja bawa dikal-ma-nka | old-man-ERG say-PAST: scrub.turkey earth foot-INST build-PAST, egg inside-LOC put-PAST, earth hot-INST cook-PAST; NEG egg all get.IMP, some leave.IMP bird-INCHO-PURP

words_used:
["mukul", "dingkar", "balkal", "diwan", "bubu", "jina", "ngaral", "diburr", "dukurr", "yijarril", "wumbul", "wajul", "kari", "wubul", "manil", "bawal", "dikal"]

evidence:
diwan 'scrub turkey', diburr 'egg' (grammar 1716); dikal-ma-nka INCHO+PURP 'to become birds'; ngara-l 'build'


frame: micro_narrative
loans_used: []
evidence: balbi-bama 'hunter' (balbi-l 'hunt'); successive -da; kuni-l 'kill/hit'
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:57:51.012502+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:01:02.161744+00:00
english:
The hunter followed the wallaby tracks, waited by the tree, threw his spear, killed the wallaby, and then carried the meat home.

kuku:
Balbi-bama kadar jina wukurrin, juku ngundu bundan, kalka yilban, kadar kunin, minya bayanka wundinda.

analysis:
balbi-bama kadar jina wukurri-ny, juku ngundu bunda-ny, kalka yilba-ny, kadar kuni-ny, minya bayan-ka wundi-ny-da | hunter wallaby track follow-PAST, tree near sit-PAST, spear throw-PAST, wallaby kill-PAST, meat house-DAT bring-PAST-then

words_used:
["balbi", "bama", "kadar", "jina", "wukurril", "juku", "ngundu", "bunday", "kalka", "yilbal", "kunil", "minya", "bayan", "wundil"]


english: The flying foxes came at night and ate the ripe figs, so in the morning the tree had no fruit left.
kuku: Kambi wujurrbu kadan, binanji kulbul nukan, wunkun juku mayi-kari.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["kambi", "wujurr", "kaday", "binanji", "kulbul", "nukal", "wunkun", "juku", "mayi", "kari"]
loans_used: []
evidence: kambi 'flying fox', binanji 'fig'; mayi-kari PRIV 'fruitless'
status: accepted
confidence: 0.9
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:57:51.012502+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:01:02.161744+00:00
analysis:
kambi wujurr-bu kada-ny, binanji kulbul nuka-ny, wunkun juku mayi-kari | flying.fox dark-LOC come-PAST, fig ripe eat-PAST, morning tree food-PRIV


kuku: Kalka wundi, balji wundi, nganya wukurri wawubajanga; ngali yawu damanka, ngalngal karrbanka!
frame: imperative_chain
loans_used: []
evidence: yawu 'stingray', ngalngal 'sand crab', balji 'dillybag'; PURP -nka
status: accepted
confidence: 0.9
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:57:51.012502+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:01:02.161744+00:00
english:
Bring the spear and the dilly bag, follow me to the river, and we will spear stingray and catch mud crabs!

analysis:
kalka wundi, balji wundi, nganya wukurri wawubaja-nga; ngali yawu dama-nka, ngalngal karrba-nka | spear bring.IMP, dillybag bring.IMP, me follow.IMP river-LOC; we stingray spear-PURP, crab catch-PURP

words_used:
["kalka", "wundil", "balji", "nganya", "wukurril", "wawubaja", "ngali", "yawu", "damal", "ngalngal", "karrbal"]


kuku: Babingka balkan: ngangkin bubungu bakal, yundu nyulu bawa, minya yindu nyaji.
frame: teaching
words_used: ["babi", "balkal", "ngangkin", "bubu", "bakal", "yundu", "bawal", "minya", "yindu", "nyajil"]
loans_used: []
evidence: ngangkin 'echidna'; bawa-l 'leave'
status: revised
confidence: 0.9
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:57:51.012502+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:03:59.893077+00:00
english:
The grandmother said: the echidna digs into the ground when it is startled, so leave it alone and look for other food.

analysis:
babi-ngka balka-ny: ngangkin bubu-ngu baka-l, yundu nyulu bawa, minya yindu nyaji | grandmother-ERG say-PAST: echidna ground-LOC dig-NONPAST, you it leave.IMP, meat other look.for.IMP


english: While the women were digging for mussels, the sand crabs ran sideways into their holes.
kuku: Jalbu mukirr baka-nya, ngalngal wurril bubungu dungan.
frame: clause_chain
words_used: ["jalbu", "mukirr", "bakal", "ngalngal", "wurril", "bubu", "dungay"]
loans_used: []
evidence: SUB baka-nya; mukirr 'mussel', wurril 'crossways'
status: accepted
confidence: 0.9
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:57:51.012502+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:01:02.161744+00:00
analysis:
jalbu mukirr baka-nya, ngalngal wurril bubu-ngu dunga-ny | woman mussel dig-SUB, sand.crab sideways ground-LOC go-PAST


kuku: Ngayu jalunba dungan, ngalkun karrbanka, yambada yawu bana bada wunan, ngayu yawu daman.
frame: micro_narrative
loans_used: []
evidence: jalun-ba LOC (n-final a); ngalkun 'mullet'; PURP karrba-nka
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:57:51.012502+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:01:02.161744+00:00
english:
I went down to the salt water to catch mullet, but a stingray lay in the shallows, so I speared it instead.

analysis:
ngayu jalun-ba dunga-ny, ngalkun karrba-nka, yambada yawu bana bada wuna-ny, ngayu yawu dama-ny | I sea-LOC go-PAST, mullet catch-PURP, but stingray water shallow lie-PAST, I stingray spear-PAST

words_used:
["ngayu", "jalun", "dungay", "ngalkun", "karrbal", "yambada", "yawu", "bana", "bada", "wunay", "damal"]


kuku: Kurranji madjaburr jilban, mayi bada nukan, jina yalbay jina-jina bawan.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["kurranji", "madja", "jilbay", "mayi", "bada", "nukal", "jina", "yalbay", "bawal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: kurranji 'cassowary'; madja-burr PERL; jina-jina 'tracks'
status: accepted
confidence: 0.9
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:57:51.012502+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:01:02.161744+00:00
english:
The cassowary walked through the rainforest, ate the fallen fruit, and its big feet left tracks in the mud.

analysis:
kurranji madja-burr jilba-ny, mayi bada nuka-ny, jina yalbay jina-jina bawa-ny | cassowary rainforest-PERL walk-PAST, fruit down eat-PAST, foot big track leave-PAST


frame: question
loans_used: []
evidence: murramu-ngku ERG (u-final -ngku); IRR walngka-nyaku 'should have hung'
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:57:51.012502+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:01:02.161744+00:00
english:
Did the dingo take the meat? Yes — I should have hung it high in the tree, but I left it on the ground and the dingo found it in the night.

kuku:
Murramungku minya manin? Yuwu — ngayu juku wangkara walngka-nyaku, yambada ngayu bubungu bawan, murramungku wujurrbu nyajin.

analysis:
murramu-ngku minya mani-ny? yuwu — ngayu juku wangkar-a walngka-nyaku, yambada ngayu bubu-ngu bawa-ny, murramu-ngku wujurr-bu nyaji-ny | dingo-ERG meat get-PAST? yes — I tree up-LOC hang-IRR, but I ground-LOC leave-PAST, dingo-ERG dark-LOC see-PAST

words_used:
["murramu", "minya", "manil", "yuwu", "ngayu", "juku", "wangkar", "walngkal", "yambada", "bubu", "bawal", "wujurr", "nyajil"]


frame: teaching
loans_used: []
evidence: dabu 'bee', wunba 'honey'; wanjaburr 'which way' (r.32); PURP nyaji-nka
status: revised
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:57:51.012502+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:03:01.888661+00:00
english:
The old man taught the boys: the honey bees live in a hollow tree; watch which way they fly at sundown, follow them, and you will find the honey.

kuku:
Mukul-dingkarangka warru-warru binalbungan: dabu jukungu wunan, yundu nyaji wanjaburr jana dungay wungar bada-nya, jana wukurri, yundu wunba nyajinka.

analysis:
mukul-dingkar-angka warru-warru binal-bunga-ny: dabu juku-ngu wuna-ny, yundu nyaji wanjaburr jana dunga-y wungar bada-nya, jana wukurri, yundu wunba nyaji-nka | old-man-ERG young-young teach-PAST: bee tree-LOC live-PAST, you see.IMP which.way they go-NONPAST sun down-SUB, them follow.IMP, you honey find-PURP

words_used:
["mukul", "dingkar", "warru", "binal", "dabu", "juku", "wunay", "yundu", "nyajil", "wanjaburr", "jana", "dungay", "wungar", "bada", "wukurril", "wunba"]


english: If the tide goes out, we walk on the reef and gather oysters and mussels for the evening meal.
kuku: Kaki bana dungay, ngali kulji-nga jilbay, nikar mukirr munjanka.
frame: clause_chain
words_used: ["kaki", "bana", "dungay", "ngali", "kulji", "warral", "jilbay", "nikar", "mukirr", "munjal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: nikar 'oyster'; kaki + NONPAST + PURP; warral 'edge'
status: revised
confidence: 0.9
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:57:51.012502+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T10:14:40.074257+00:00
analysis:
kaki bana dunga-y, ngali kulji-nga jilba-y, nikar mukirr munja-nka | if water go-NONPAST, we rock-edge-LOC walk-NONPAST, oyster mussel gather-PURP


kuku: Bubal jukungu walngkan, yambada nyulu kari buyun jarba, karrkay-karrkay nyajin, jilban baja.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["bubal", "juku", "walngkal", "yambada", "kari", "buyun", "jarba", "karrkay", "nyajil", "jilbay"]
loans_used: []
evidence: bubal 'tree snake'; walngka-l 'hang'
status: accepted
confidence: 0.9
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:57:51.012502+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:01:02.161744+00:00
english:
A tree snake was hanging in the branches, but it was not a bad snake, so the children just looked and walked on.

analysis:
bubal juku-ngu walngka-ny, yambada nyulu kari buyun jarba, karrkay-karrkay nyaji-ny, jilba-ny baja | tree.snake tree-LOC hang-PAST, but it NEG bad snake, child-child see-PAST, walk-PAST on


kuku: Ngayu kururrungka milkabu nyajin nyulu yajarr-nya, kuyir badin wujurrbu, ngayu binalman bayan jani.
frame: micro_narrative
loans_used: []
evidence: milka-bu nyaji-l 'hear' (ear-INST perceive); kururrungka 'kookaburra', kuyir 'curlew'
status: accepted
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:57:51.012502+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:01:02.161744+00:00
english:
I heard the kookaburra laugh at dawn, then the curlew cried in the dark, and I knew the camp was safe.

analysis:
ngayu kururrungka milka-bu nyaji-ny nyulu yajarr-nya, kuyir badi-ny wujurr-bu, ngayu binal-ma-ny bayan jani | I kookaburra ear-INST hear-PAST it laugh-SUB, curlew cry-PAST dark-LOC, I know-INCHO-PAST camp good

words_used:
["ngayu", "kururrungka", "milka", "nyajil", "yajarr", "kuyir", "badi", "wujurr", "binal", "bayan", "jani"]


frame: teaching
loans_used: []
evidence: yawa 'possum'; nganga 'only' (correct); balbi-l 'hunt'; kaki conditional
status: revised
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:57:51.012502+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:03:59.893077+00:00
english:
The grandmother said: the possum sleeps in the tree all day and comes out only at night, so if you want possum meat you must hunt after dark.

kuku:
Babingka balkan: yawa jukungu wunan wungar-wungar, wujurrbu nganga dungay; kaki yundu yawa minya wawu, yundu balbi wujurrbu.

analysis:
babi-ngka balka-ny: yawa juku-ngu wuna-ny wungar-wungar, wujurr-bu nganga dunga-y; kaki yundu yawa minya wawu, yundu balbi wujurr-bu | grandmother-ERG say-PAST: possum tree-LOC lie-PAST day-day, dark-LOC only go-NONPAST; if you possum meat want, you hunt.IMP dark-LOC

words_used:
["babi", "balkal", "yawa", "juku", "wunay", "wungar", "wujurr", "nganga", "dungay", "kaki", "yundu", "minya", "wawu", "balbi"]


english: The children found a grub in the rotten log, pulled it out, roasted it on the coals, and shared it.
kuku: Karrkay-karrkay jambun juku kabungu nyajin, manin, ngunjilba dindan, daji-wanda.
frame: micro_narrative
words_used: ["karrkay", "jambun", "juku", "kabu", "nyajil", "manil", "ngunjil", "dindal", "dajil"]
loans_used: []
evidence: jambun 'grub', kabu 'rotten'; RECIP+TEMP1 daji-wa-ny-da
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:57:51.012502+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:01:02.161744+00:00
analysis:
karrkay-karrkay jambun juku kabu-ngu nyaji-ny, mani-ny, ngunjil-ba dinda-ny, daji-wa-ny-da | child-child grub tree rotten-LOC see-PAST, get-PAST, coals-LOC roast-PAST, share-RECIP-PAST-then


kuku: Wanya dikal balkal? Yinya birrbirr jukungu; kaki mayi kulbul, birrbirr kada baja.
frame: question
words_used: ["wanya", "dikal", "balkal", "yinya", "birrbirr", "juku", "kaki", "mayi", "kulbul", "kaday"]
loans_used: []
evidence: dikal 'bird', birrbirr 'lorikeet'; balka-l 'sing/speak'
status: accepted
confidence: 0.9
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:57:51.012502+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:01:02.161744+00:00
english:
Which bird is singing? That is the lorikeet in the tree; when the fruit is ripe, the lorikeets come.

analysis:
wanya dikal balka-l? yinya birrbirr juku-ngu; kaki mayi kulbul, birrbirr kada baja | what bird sing-NONPAST? that lorikeet tree-LOC; if food ripe, lorikeet come too


english: Cover the meat lest the march flies spoil it, and drive the mosquitoes away from the fire!
kuku: Minya nanda, waja-ngka buyun-manyji; kamu baya-muny yungka!
frame: imperative_chain
words_used: ["minya", "nandal", "waja", "buyun", "kamu", "baya", "yungal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: waja 'march fly', kamu 'mosquito'; waja-ngka ERG (a-final); PRECAUT on INCHO
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:57:51.012502+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:01:02.161744+00:00
analysis:
minya nanda, waja-ngka buyun-ma-nyji; kamu baya-muny yungka | meat cover.IMP, march.fly-ERG bad-INCHO-PRECAUT; mosquito fire-ABL send.IMP


kuku: Wungar wangkara dunga-nya, diwan birranga bakan, ngumbi bubungu warri baja.
frame: clause_chain
words_used: ["wungar", "wangkar", "dungay", "diwan", "birra", "bakal", "ngumbi", "bubu", "warri"]
loans_used: []
evidence: SUB dunga-nya; ngumbi 'bandicoot'; birra-nga LOC (a-final)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.9
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:57:51.012502+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:01:02.161744+00:00
english:
As the sun rose, the scrub turkeys were scratching in the leaves, and the bandicoot ran back to its hole.

analysis:
wungar wangkar-a dunga-nya, diwan birra-nga baka-ny, ngumbi bubu-ngu warri baja | sun up go-SUB, scrub.turkey leaf-LOC dig-PAST, bandicoot ground-LOC run back


frame: teaching
loans_used: []
evidence: yalngkurr 'eagle', buban 'small', dakwuy 'hungry'; kala-kalbay 'far'
status: revised
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:57:51.012502+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:03:01.888661+00:00
english:
The old man said: the eagle sits high on the tree and watches the whole country; it sees the small animals far off, so it never goes hungry.

kuku:
Mukul-dingkarangka balkan: yalngkurr juku wangkara bundan, bubu wubul nyajil; nyulu minya buban kala-kalbay nyajil, nyulu kariku dakwuy.

analysis:
mukul-dingkar-angka balka-ny: yalngkurr juku wangkar-a bunda-ny, bubu wubul nyaji-l; nyulu minya buban kala-kalbay nyaji-l, nyulu kariku dakwuy | old-man-ERG say-PAST: eagle tree up-LOC sit-PAST, country all see-NONPAST; it animal small far see-NONPAST, it NEG hungry

words_used:
["mukul", "dingkar", "balkal", "yalngkurr", "juku", "wangkar", "bunday", "bubu", "wubul", "nyajil", "minya", "buban", "dakwuy"]


english: The freshwater turtle sat on a log, but when we came close it slid into the water.
kuku: Ngujay jukungu bundan, yambada ngali ngundu kada-nya, nyulu bananga dungan.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["ngujay", "juku", "bunday", "yambada", "ngali", "ngundu", "kaday", "bana", "dungay"]
loans_used: []
evidence: ngujay 'freshwater turtle'; SUB kada-nya; bana-nga LOC
status: accepted
confidence: 0.9
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:57:51.012502+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:01:02.161744+00:00
analysis:
ngujay juku-ngu bunda-ny, yambada ngali ngundu kada-nya, nyulu bana-nga dunga-ny | freshwater.turtle log-LOC sit-PAST, but we near come-SUB, it water-LOC go-PAST


frame: clause_chain
loans_used: []
evidence: ngawiya 'sea turtle'; stacked kaki; milka-bu nyaji 'hear'
status: accepted
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:57:51.012502+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:01:02.161744+00:00
english:
If you see the sea turtle come up to breathe, stay very still, because if it hears you it will dive and not come back.

kuku:
Kaki yundu ngawiya nyaji nyulu wangkara kada, yundu dandi bunda, kaki nyulu yundu milkabu nyaji, nyulu bada dungay, kariku kaday baja.

analysis:
kaki yundu ngawiya nyaji nyulu wangkar-a kada, yundu dandi bunda, kaki nyulu yundu milka-bu nyaji, nyulu bada dunga-y, kariku kada-y baja | if you sea.turtle see it up come, you firm sit.IMP, if it you ear-INST hear, it down go-NONPAST, NEG come again

words_used:
["kaki", "yundu", "ngawiya", "nyajil", "wangkar", "kaday", "dandi", "bunday", "milka", "bada", "dungay", "kari"]


kuku: Jalbu jambul kajulbu walan, jina-bu bubungu nyajin, ngalngal yalbay manin.
frame: micro_narrative
words_used: ["jalbu", "kajul", "walal", "jina", "bubu", "nyajil", "ngalngal", "yalbay", "manil"]
loans_used: []
evidence: kajul-bu LOC (l-final u); wala-l 'enter'; jina-bu INST
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:57:51.012502+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:01:02.161744+00:00
english:
The two women waded into the mangroves, felt in the mud with their feet, and pulled out big mud crabs.

analysis:
jalbu jambul kajul-bu wala-ny, jina-bu bubu-ngu nyaji-ny, ngalngal yalbay mani-ny | woman two mangrove-LOC enter-PAST, foot-INST ground-LOC feel-PAST, crab big get-PAST


frame: micro_narrative
loans_used: []
evidence: makarr 'fish net'; yajin 'full'; SUB + successive -da
status: revised
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:57:51.012502+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T10:14:40.074257+00:00
english:
I set the fish net in the creek, waited on the bank, and when the mullet came I pulled the net up full.

kuku:
Ngayu makarr wawubajanga yijarrin, wawubaja-nga bundan, ngalkun kada-nya, ngayu makarr yajin maninda.

analysis:
ngayu makarr wawubaja-nga yijarri-ny, wawubaja-nga bunda-ny, ngalkun kada-nya, ngayu makarr yajin mani-ny-da | I net river-LOC set-PAST, river-edge-LOC sit-PAST, mullet come-SUB, I net full get-PAST-then

words_used:
["ngayu", "makarr", "wawubaja", "yijarril", "warral", "bunday", "ngalkun", "kaday", "yajin", "manil"]


frame: teaching
loans_used: []
evidence: jukar-a LOC (single r); ngaki-ji-y REFL; jalun 'sea', muru 'together/meet'
status: revised
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:57:51.012502+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:03:59.893077+00:00
english:
The grandmother said: the mussels bury themselves in the sand where the fresh water meets the salt, so dig there with your hands and you will always find food.

kuku:
Babingka balkan: mukirr jukara ngakiji bana jalun muru, yundu mara-bu bakal yinyabu, yundu mayi manil.

analysis:
babi-ngka balka-ny: mukirr jukar-a ngaki-ji-y bana jalun muru, yundu mara-bu baka-l yinya-bu, yundu mayi mani-l | grandmother-ERG say-PAST: mussel sand-LOC hide-REFL water sea together, you hand-INST dig-NONPAST there-LOC, you food get-NONPAST

words_used:
["babi", "balkal", "mukirr", "jukar", "ngakil", "bana", "jalun", "muru", "yundu", "mara", "bakal", "yinya", "mayi", "manil"]


english: The black cockatoos screamed in the tall trees, and the old people knew the storm was coming near.
kuku: Kadanji juku kalbaymba yirrkan, mukul-mukul binalman jarramali ngundu kada-nya.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["kadanji", "juku", "kalbay", "yirrkay", "mukul", "binal", "jarramali", "ngundu", "kaday"]
loans_used: []
evidence: kadanji 'black cockatoo'; kalbay-mba LOC (y-final -mba); SUB kada-nya
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:57:51.012502+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:01:02.161744+00:00
analysis:
kadanji juku kalbay-mba yirrka-ny, mukul-mukul binal-ma-ny jarramali ngundu kada-nya | black.cockatoo tree tall-LOC scream-PAST, old-old know-INCHO-PAST storm near come-SUB


frame: question
loans_used: []
evidence: bajuy 'goanna/lizard'; IRR nanda-nyaku; SUB dunga-nya
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:57:51.012502+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:01:02.161744+00:00
english:
Did the goanna get the eggs? Yes — I should have covered the nest, but I went to get water and the goanna climbed up while I was gone.

kuku:
Bajuy diburr manin? Yuwu — ngayu bayan nanda-nyaku, yambada ngayu bana maninka dungan, bajuy dakan ngayu dunga-nya.

analysis:
bajuy diburr mani-ny? yuwu — ngayu bayan nanda-nyaku, yambada ngayu bana mani-nka dunga-ny, bajuy daka-ny ngayu dunga-nya | goanna egg get-PAST? yes — I nest cover-IRR, but I water get-PURP go-PAST, goanna climb-PAST I go-SUB

words_used:
["bajuy", "diburr", "manil", "yuwu", "ngayu", "bayan", "nandal", "yambada", "bana", "dungay", "dakal"]


frame: teaching
loans_used: []
evidence: kuyir 'curlew'; wula-y 'die' (wulay 'dying'); milka-bu nyaji 'hear'; mula 'kin'
status: revised
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:57:51.012502+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:03:01.888661+00:00
english:
The old man said: the curlew cries at night for its lost young, and the old people say that when you hear it close to the camp, someone will soon pass away — so listen, and hold your family close.

kuku:
Mukul-dingkarangka balkan: kuyir wujurrbu badil nyungu karrkayka, mukul-mukul balkal kaki yundu milkabu nyaji bayan ngundu, bama nyubun wulay baja; yundu milkabu nyaji, yundu mula-mula karrba.

analysis:
mukul-dingkar-angka balka-ny: kuyir wujurr-bu badi-l nyungu karrkay-ka, mukul-mukul balka-l kaki yundu milka-bu nyaji bayan ngundu, bama nyubun wula-y baja; yundu milka-bu nyaji, yundu mula-mula karrba | old-man-ERG say-PAST: curlew dark-LOC cry-NONPAST its child-DAT, old-old say-NONPAST if you ear-INST hear house near, person one die too; you ear-INST hear.IMP, you kin-kin hold.IMP

words_used:
["mukul", "dingkar", "balkal", "kuyir", "wujurr", "badi", "nyungu", "karrkay", "kaki", "yundu", "milka", "nyajil", "bayan", "ngundu", "bama", "nyubun", "wulay", "mula", "karrbal"]


english: The bats hung upside down in the fig tree all day, and at dusk they flew off toward the river.
kuku: Mali binanjinga walngkan wungar-wungar, wungar bada-nya jana wubul dungan wawubaja-mundu.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["mali", "binanji", "walngkal", "wungar", "bada", "jana", "wubul", "dungay", "wawubaja"]
loans_used: []
evidence: mali 'bat'; binanji-nga LOC (i-final); -mundu 'toward'; SUB bada-nya
status: accepted
confidence: 0.9
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:57:51.012502+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:01:02.161744+00:00
analysis:
mali binanji-nga walngka-ny wungar-wungar, wungar bada-nya jana wubul dunga-ny wawubaja-mundu | bat fig-LOC hang-PAST day-day, sun down-SUB they many go-PAST river-toward


english: Watch for the stingray in the shallow water, keep an eye on its tail, and spear it in the head!
kuku: Yawu nyaji bana badanga, biji nyaji, dukulbu dama!
frame: imperative_chain
words_used: ["yawu", "nyajil", "bana", "bada", "biji", "dukul", "damal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: biji 'tail', dukul 'head'; bada-nga LOC; dama IMP 'spear'
status: accepted
confidence: 0.9
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:57:51.012502+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:01:02.161744+00:00
analysis:
yawu nyaji bana bada-nga, biji nyaji, dukul-bu dama | stingray watch.IMP water shallow-LOC, tail watch.IMP, head-LOC spear.IMP


english: While the man was cleaning the fish, the dog sat close by watching, wanting the heads.
kuku: Dingkar kuyu janji-nya, kaya ngundu bundan nyajil, nyulu dukul wawu.
frame: clause_chain
words_used: ["dingkar", "kuyu", "janjil", "kaya", "ngundu", "bunday", "nyajil", "dukul", "wawu"]
loans_used: []
evidence: janji-l 'wash/clean'; dukul 'head'; SUB janji-nya
status: accepted
confidence: 0.9
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:57:51.012502+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:01:02.161744+00:00
analysis:
dingkar kuyu janji-nya, kaya ngundu bunda-ny nyaji-l, nyulu dukul wawu | man fish wash-SUB, dog near sit-PAST watch-NONPAST, it head want


kuku: Wanja yuday dungan? Bana bada-nya, yuday kuku-kari, jana bubungu ngakiji.
frame: question
words_used: ["wanja", "yuday", "dungay", "bana", "bada", "kuku", "kari", "jana", "bubu", "ngakil"]
loans_used: []
evidence: yuday 'frog'; kuku-kari 'silent' (PRIV); ngaki-ji-y REFL
status: accepted
confidence: 0.9
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:57:51.012502+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:01:02.161744+00:00
english:
Where did the frogs go? When the water dried up, the frogs went quiet and buried themselves in the mud.

analysis:
wanja yuday dunga-ny? bana bada-nya, yuday kuku-kari, jana bubu-ngu ngaki-ji-y | where frog go-PAST? water down-SUB, frog word-PRIV, they ground-LOC hide-REFL


frame: teaching
loans_used: []
evidence: murramu 'dingo'; balbi-l 'hunt'; SUB kada-nya + PURP nuka-nka
status: revised
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:57:51.012502+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:03:01.888661+00:00
english:
The old man said: the dingo hunts alone, it is clever and patient, and it will wait a long time by the water for the wallabies to come and drink.

kuku:
Mukul-dingkarangka balkan: murramu nyubun balbil, nyulu binal, nyulu bana ngundu bundan yalbay wungar, kadar kada-nya bana nukanka.

analysis:
mukul-dingkar-angka balka-ny: murramu nyubun balbi-l, nyulu binal, nyulu bana ngundu bunda-ny yalbay wungar, kadar kada-nya bana nuka-nka | old-man-ERG say-PAST: dingo one hunt-NONPAST, it clever, it water near sit-PAST big time, wallaby come-SUB water drink-PURP

words_used:
["mukul", "dingkar", "balkal", "murramu", "nyubun", "balbi", "binal", "bana", "ngundu", "bunday", "yalbay", "wungar", "kadar", "kaday", "nukal"]


english: The echidna dug into the ground with its claws, and when the dog came it hid itself in the earth.
kuku: Ngangkin bubungu bakan jina-bu, kaya kada-nya, nyulu bubungu ngakiji.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["ngangkin", "bubu", "bakal", "jina", "kaya", "kaday", "ngakil"]
loans_used: []
evidence: jina-bu INST 'with claws/feet'; SUB kada-nya; REFL ngaki-ji-y
status: accepted
confidence: 0.9
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:57:51.012502+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:01:02.161744+00:00
analysis:
ngangkin bubu-ngu baka-ny jina-bu, kaya kada-nya, nyulu bubu-ngu ngaki-ji-y | echidna ground-LOC dig-PAST foot-INST, dog come-SUB, it ground-LOC hide-REFL


frame: clause_chain
loans_used: []
evidence: jarruka 'scrub hen' (+ its eggs); nganga 'only'; kaki conditional
status: accepted
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:57:51.012502+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:01:02.161744+00:00
english:
If I find a scrub hen mound, I dig for the eggs, take only a few, and leave the rest so the hen keeps laying.

kuku:
Kaki ngayu jarruka bayan nyaji, ngayu diburr bakal, buban nganga mana, baja bawa, jarruka diburr yijarri baja-baja.

analysis:
kaki ngayu jarruka bayan nyaji, ngayu diburr baka-l, buban nganga mana, baja bawa, jarruka diburr yijarri baja-baja | if I scrub.hen mound see, I egg dig-NONPAST, small only get.IMP, some leave.IMP, scrub.hen egg lay again-again

words_used:
["kaki", "ngayu", "jarruka", "bayan", "nyajil", "diburr", "bakal", "buban", "nganga", "manil", "bawal", "yijarril"]


english: A big stingray lay still on the sandy bottom, and the children did not swim there.
kuku: Yawu yalbay jukara bada wunan, karrkay-karrkay kariku maraji yinyabu.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["yawu", "yalbay", "jukar", "bada", "wunay", "karrkay", "kari", "maraji", "yinya"]
loans_used: []
evidence: maraji 'swim'; jukar-a LOC (single r); yinya-bu LOC 'there'
status: accepted
confidence: 0.9
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:57:51.012502+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:01:02.161744+00:00
analysis:
yawu yalbay jukar-a bada wuna-ny, karrkay-karrkay kariku maraji yinya-bu | stingray big sand-LOC below lie-PAST, child-child NEG swim there-LOC


frame: question
loans_used: []
evidence: kalin-kalin 'kestrel', kukur 'rat'; jiri-nga/jikan-ba LOC; SUB + PURP
status: accepted
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:57:51.012502+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:01:02.161744+00:00
english:
Why is the kestrel hanging in the sky? It is watching for a rat in the grass; when it sees one, it will drop down fast and catch it.

kuku:
Wanyurrinku kalin-kalin jiringa walngkal? Nyulu kukur jikanba nyajil; nyulu nyubun nyaji-nya, nyulu bada warri dungay, karrbanka.

analysis:
wanyurrinku kalin-kalin jiri-nga walngka-l? nyulu kukur jikan-ba nyaji-l; nyulu nyubun nyaji-nya, nyulu bada warri dunga-y, karrba-nka | why kestrel sky-LOC hang-NONPAST? it rat grass-LOC watch-NONPAST; it one see-SUB, it down fast go-NONPAST, catch-PURP

words_used:
["wanyurrinku", "kalin-kalin", "jiri", "walngkal", "kukur", "jikan", "nyajil", "nyubun", "bada", "warri", "dungay", "karrbal"]


frame: teaching
loans_used: []
evidence: wabul 'pigeon'; SUCC bada-nyjiku 'before sunset'; makarr-bu INST
status: revised
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:57:51.012502+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:03:59.893077+00:00
english:
The grandmother said: the pigeons come to the same waterhole every evening, so if you sit quietly in the grass before sunset, you can catch many with one throw of the net.

kuku:
Babingka balkan: wabul bana nyubunbu kadan wungar-wungar, kaki yundu jikanba bundan wungar bada-nyjiku, yundu wubul karrbal nyubun makarr-bu.

analysis:
babi-ngka balka-ny: wabul bana nyubun-bu kada-ny wungar-wungar, kaki yundu jikan-ba bunda-ny wungar bada-nyjiku, yundu wubul karrba-l nyubun makarr-bu | grandmother-ERG say-PAST: pigeon water one-DAT come-PAST evening-evening, if you grass-LOC sit-PAST sun down-SUCC, you many catch-NONPAST one net-INST

words_used:
["babi", "balkal", "wabul", "bana", "nyubun", "kaday", "wungar", "kaki", "yundu", "jikan", "bunday", "bada", "wubul", "karrbal", "makarr"]


english: The lorikeets fought loudly over the tree, and the big noise carried right across the country.
kuku: Birrbirr kuli-ma-nya juku-ngu, kuku yalbay bubu-burr dungan.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["birrbirr", "kuli", "juku", "kuku", "yalbay", "bubu", "dungay"]
loans_used: []
evidence: kuli-ma-nya 'fighting' (INCHO SUB); bubu-burr PERL 'across'; kuku 'sound'
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:57:51.012502+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:01:02.161744+00:00
analysis:
birrbirr kuli-ma-nya juku-ngu, kuku yalbay bubu-burr dunga-ny | lorikeet rage-INCHO-SUB tree-LOC, sound big country-PERL go-PAST


frame: micro_narrative
loans_used: []
evidence: junkurrji 'strong'; successive -da (wundi-ny-da); jukar-a LOC
status: revised
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:57:51.012502+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:03:59.893077+00:00
english:
The man speared a big fish, but it was strong, so he held the line firmly, waited, and at last brought it onto the sand.

kuku:
Dingkarangka kuyu yalbay daman, yambada nyulu junkurrji, dingkar dandi karrban, bundan, jukara wundinda.

analysis:
dingkar-angka kuyu yalbay dama-ny, yambada nyulu junkurrji, dingkar dandi karrba-ny, bunda-ny, jukar-a wundi-ny-da | man-ERG fish big spear-PAST, but it strong, man firm hold-PAST, wait-PAST, sand-LOC bring-PAST-then

words_used:
["dingkar", "kuyu", "yalbay", "damal", "yambada", "junkurrji", "dandi", "karrbal", "bunday", "jukar", "wundil"]


frame: question
loans_used: []
evidence: mayi-ji COMIT (vowel -ji); nyiku 'this'; kurranji is dangerous
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:57:51.012502+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:01:02.161744+00:00
english:
Have you seen the cassowary this season? Yes, one came to the fruiting tree near the camp, and it is dangerous, so keep the children close.

kuku:
Yundu kurranji nyajin nyiku wungara? Yuwu, nyubun juku mayi-ji kadan bayan ngundu, nyulu buyun, karrkay-karrkay ngundu karrba.

analysis:
yundu kurranji nyaji-ny nyiku wungar-a? yuwu, nyubun juku mayi-ji kada-ny bayan ngundu, nyulu buyun, karrkay-karrkay ngundu karrba | you cassowary see-PAST this season-in? yes, one tree fruit-COMIT come-PAST house near, it bad, child-child near hold.IMP

words_used:
["yundu", "kurranji", "nyajil", "nyiku", "wungar", "yuwu", "nyubun", "juku", "mayi", "kaday", "bayan", "ngundu", "buyun", "karrkay", "karrbal"]


frame: teaching
loans_used: []
evidence: the conservation law (leave the small ones); nganga 'only'; bana-nga LOC
status: revised
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:57:51.012502+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:03:01.888661+00:00
english:
The old man said: never kill the small fish or the young turtles; take only the big ones, put the little ones back, so the water will always give food to your children's children.

kuku:
Mukul-dingkarangka balkan: kari kuyu buban kuni, ngujay warru-warru kari kuni; yalbay nganga mana, buban bananga bawa baja, bana mayi dayal yundu karrkay-karrkay-nka.

analysis:
mukul-dingkar-angka balka-ny: kari kuyu buban kuni, ngujay warru-warru kari kuni; yalbay nganga mana, buban bana-nga bawa baja, bana mayi daya-l yundu karrkay-karrkay-nka | old-man-ERG say-PAST: NEG fish small kill.IMP, freshwater.turtle young-young NEG kill.IMP; big only get.IMP, small water-LOC leave.IMP again, water food give-NONPAST you child-child-DAT

words_used:
["mukul", "dingkar", "balkal", "kari", "kuyu", "buban", "kunil", "ngujay", "warru", "yalbay", "nganga", "manil", "bana", "bawal", "mayi", "daya", "karrkay"]


kuku: Jimu jikan marralmuny wangkara dungan karrkay-karrkay jilba-nya, dikal wukurrin nukanka.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["jimu", "jikan", "marral", "wangkar", "dungay", "karrkay", "jilbay", "dikal", "wukurril", "nukal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: jimu 'grasshopper'; marral-muny ABL; SUB jilba-nya + PURP nuka-nka
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:57:51.012502+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:01:02.161744+00:00
english:
The grasshoppers went up from the dry grass as the children ran through it, and the birds followed to eat them.

analysis:
jimu jikan marral-muny wangkar-a dunga-ny karrkay-karrkay jilba-nya, dikal wukurri-ny nuka-nka | grasshopper grass dry-ABL up go-PAST child-child walk-SUB, bird follow-PAST eat-PURP


kuku: Ngayu makarr nyaji-nyaku, yambada ngayu jukara wumbulbu wunan, dikal ngalkun jambul manin.
frame: micro_narrative
loans_used: []
evidence: IRR nyaji-nyaku 'should have watched'; jukar-a/wumbul-bu LOC
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:57:51.012502+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:01:02.161744+00:00
english:
I should have watched the net, but I fell asleep on the warm sand, and the birds took two of the mullet.

analysis:
ngayu makarr nyaji-nyaku, yambada ngayu jukar-a wumbul-bu wuna-ny, dikal ngalkun jambul mani-ny | I net watch-IRR, but I sand-LOC hot-LOC sleep-PAST, bird mullet two get-PAST

words_used:
["ngayu", "makarr", "nyajil", "yambada", "jukar", "wumbul", "wunay", "dikal", "ngalkun", "jambul", "manil"]


kuku: Bana bada-nya, jalbu kala-kalbay kulji-nga jilban, jana kada baja balji nikar mukirriji yajin.
frame: micro_narrative
loans_used: []
evidence: SUB bada-nya; mukirr-iji COMIT (rhotic -iji, r.31); yajin 'full'
status: revised
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:57:51.012502+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T10:14:40.074257+00:00
english:
While the tide was low, the women walked far out on the reef, and they came back with baskets full of oysters and mussels.

analysis:
bana bada-nya, jalbu kala-kalbay kulji-nga jilba-ny, jana kada baja balji nikar mukirr-iji yajin | water low-SUB, woman far reef-LOC walk-PAST, they come again basket oyster mussel-COMIT full

words_used:
["bana", "bada", "jalbu", "kala-kalbay", "kulji", "warral", "jilbay", "jana", "kaday", "balji", "nikar", "mukirr", "yajin"]


kuku: Nganjamu kajulmuny munja kuyu-nka, makarrbu yijarri, kuljimuny yilba, kuyu bayka-nya bunda!
frame: imperative_chain
loans_used: []
evidence: nganjamu 'worm'; bayka-l 'bite'; kajul-muny/kulji-muny ABL
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:57:51.012502+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:01:02.161744+00:00
english:
Gather the mangrove worms for the fish, thread them on the line, throw it past the rocks, and wait for the bream to bite!

analysis:
nganjamu kajul-muny munja kuyu-nka, makarr-bu yijarri, kulji-muny yilba, kuyu bayka-nya bunda | worm mangrove-ABL gather.IMP fish-PURP.for, line-INST thread.IMP, rock-ABL throw.IMP, fish bite-SUB wait.IMP

words_used:
["nganjamu", "kajul", "munjal", "kuyu", "makarr", "yijarril", "kulji", "yilbal", "baykal", "bunday"]


kuku: Kalkuy jukungu wujurrbu balkan, kambi wangkara yirrkan, bayan wubul kuku madjamuny wujurrbu yajin.
frame: everyday
loans_used: []
evidence: kalkuy 'night owl'; madja-muny ABL; yajin 'full'
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:57:51.012502+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:01:02.161744+00:00
english:
The night owl called from the dark tree, the flying foxes screeched overhead, and the whole camp was full of the sounds of the bush at night.

analysis:
kalkuy juku-ngu wujurr-bu balka-ny, kambi wangkar-a yirrka-ny, bayan wubul kuku madja-muny wujurr-bu yajin | night.owl tree-LOC dark-LOC call-PAST, flying.fox up screech-PAST, camp much sound scrub-ABL dark-LOC full

words_used:
["kalkuy", "juku", "wujurr", "balkal", "kambi", "wangkar", "yirrkay", "bayan", "wubul", "kuku", "madja", "yajin"]


frame: teaching
loans_used: []
evidence: juran 'alive'; nyungu 'its'; three SUB clauses (bada-nya/kada-nya/mayi-nya); the seasons law
status: revised
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T07:57:51.012502+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:03:01.888661+00:00
english:
The old man said: every living animal has its own time and its own place — the wallaby at dusk, the fish at the turning tide, the honey when the tree flowers — so learn the seasons of each, and the country will feed you always.

kuku:
Mukul-dingkarangka balkan: minya juran wubul nyungu wungar nyungu bubu — kadar wungar bada-nya, kuyu bana kada-nya, wunba juku mayi-nya; yundu wungar wubul binal, bubu yundu daya mayi ngadiku-ngadiku.

analysis:
mukul-dingkar-angka balka-ny: minya juran wubul nyungu wungar nyungu bubu — kadar wungar bada-nya, kuyu bana kada-nya, wunba juku mayi-nya; yundu wungar wubul binal, bubu yundu daya mayi ngadiku-ngadiku | old-man-ERG say-PAST: animal alive all its time its place — wallaby sun down-SUB, fish water come-SUB, honey tree fruit-SUB; you time all know.IMP, country you give food always

words_used:
["mukul", "dingkar", "balkal", "minya", "juran", "wubul", "nyungu", "wungar", "bubu", "kadar", "bada", "kuyu", "bana", "kaday", "wunba", "juku", "mayi", "yundu", "binal", "daya"]


frame: everyday
loans_used: []
evidence: INCHO -ma-l on adj (yalbay-ma-ny) & noun-compound (balbi-bama-ma-ny 'became a hunter')
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:18:18.884288+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:23:07.512687+00:00
english:
The little boy grew up fast and became a strong hunter, and now he brings meat to the old people every day.

kuku:
Warru buban warri yalbay-man, junkurr balbi-bama-man, nyulu minya mukul-mukulka wundil wungar-wungar.

analysis:
warru buban warri yalbay-ma-ny, junkurr balbi-bama-ma-ny, nyulu minya mukul-mukul-ka wundi-l wungar-wungar | young.man small fast big-INCHO-PAST, strong hunter-INCHO-PAST, he meat old-old-DAT bring-NONPAST day-day

words_used:
["warru", "buban", "warri", "yalbay", "junkurr", "balbi", "bama", "minya", "mukul", "wundil", "wungar"]


kuku: Wungar bada dunga-nya, kiway-man, karrkay-karrkay kunjin ngundu kadan, jana wumbul-ma-jin.
frame: clause_chain
words_used: ["wungar", "bada", "dungay", "kiway", "karrkay", "kunjin", "ngundu", "kaday", "wumbul"]
loans_used: []
evidence: kija-ma-ny INCHO 'became cold'; wumbul-ma-ji-ny INCHO+REFL 'warmed themselves'
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:18:18.884288+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:23:07.512687+00:00
english:
When the sun went down it became cold, so the children moved close to the fire and warmed themselves.

analysis:
wungar bada dunga-nya, kiway-ma-ny, karrkay-karrkay kunjin ngundu kada-ny, jana wumbul-ma-ji-ny | sun down go-SUB, cold-INCHO-PAST, child-child fire near come-PAST, they hot-INCHO-REFL-PAST


frame: teaching
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:18:18.884288+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:23:07.512687+00:00
english:
The old man said: the grandmother teaches the girls the plant names, and when they know them well, they will teach their own children — that is how the knowledge stays alive.

kuku:
Mukul-dingkarangka balkan: babingka jalbu-jalbu juku burri binal-bungal, jana ngulkurr binal-man, jana nyungu karrkay-karrkay binal-bungal, yinyabu binal juran-man.

analysis:
mukul-dingkar-angka balka-ny: babi-ngka jalbu-jalbu juku burri binal-bunga-l, jana ngulkurr binal-ma-ny, jana nyungu karrkay-karrkay binal-bunga-l, yinya-bu binal juran-ma-ny | old-man-ERG say-PAST: grandmother-ERG girl-girl tree name teach-NONPAST, they well know-INCHO-PAST, they their child-child teach-NONPAST, that-LOC knowledge alive-INCHO-PAST

words_used:
["mukul", "dingkar", "balkal", "babi", "jalbu", "juku", "burri", "binal", "ngulkurr", "nyungu", "karrkay", "yinya", "juran"]

evidence:
binal-bunga-l CAUS 'teach' vs binal-ma-ny INCHO 'learn'; juran-ma-ny 'stays alive'; ERG dingkar-angka/babi-ngka


kuku: Wanyurrinku karrkay badil? Nyulu kulji-bu yaka-jin, yambada babingka julurrin, nyulu ngulkurr-mal.
frame: question
words_used: ["wanyurrinku", "karrkay", "badi", "kulji", "yakal", "babi", "julurril", "ngulkurr"]
loans_used: []
evidence: yaka-ji-ny REFL 'cut himself'; ngulkurr-ma-l INCHO 'getting better'; kulji-bu INST
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:18:18.884288+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:23:07.512687+00:00
english:
Why is the child crying? He cut himself on a stone, but the grandmother washed it, and now he is getting better.

analysis:
wanyurrinku karrkay badi-l? nyulu kulji-bu yaka-ji-ny, yambada babi-ngka julurri-ny, nyulu ngulkurr-ma-l | why child cry-NONPAST? he stone-INST cut-REFL-PAST, but grandmother-ERG wash-PAST, he good-INCHO-NONPAST


kuku: Kalka kunjinba dandi-bunga, kuljibu nyurrba, dara yaral-bunga yundu balbi-nyjiku!
frame: imperative_chain
words_used: ["kalka", "kunjin", "dandi", "kulji", "nyurrbal", "dara", "yaral", "yundu", "balbi"]
loans_used: []
evidence: dandi-bunga / yaral-bunga CAUS IMP (zero suffix); nyurrba 'grind/sharpen'; SUCC balbi-nyjiku
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:18:18.884288+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:23:07.512687+00:00
english:
Harden the spear point in the fire, sharpen it on the stone, and make the shaft straight before you go hunting!

analysis:
kalka kunjin-ba dandi-bunga, kulji-bu nyurrba, dara yaral-bunga yundu balbi-nyjiku | spear fire-LOC hard-CAUS.IMP, stone-INST grind.IMP, spear.stick straight-CAUS.IMP you hunt-SUCC


frame: everyday
words_used: ["yaba", "jambul", "kuyu", "kunil", "mukul", "dingkar", "balkal", "jana", "ngulkurr", "dajil"]
loans_used: []
evidence: kuni-wa-ny / daji-wa-ny RECIP (subject yaba jambul ABS, r.26); ngulkurr-ma-ny 'made peace'
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:18:18.884288+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:23:07.512687+00:00
english:
The two brothers fought over the fish, but the old man spoke to them, and soon they made peace and shared the catch.

kuku:
Yaba jambul kuyu-nka kuni-wan, yambada mukul-dingkarangka jananda balkan, jana ngulkurr-man, kuyu daji-wan.

analysis:
yaba jambul kuyu-nka kuni-wa-ny, yambada mukul-dingkar-angka jana-nda balka-ny, jana ngulkurr-ma-ny, kuyu daji-wa-ny | brother two fish-DAT hit-RECIP-PAST, but old-man-ERG them-LOC speak-PAST, they good-INCHO-PAST, fish give-RECIP-PAST


kuku: Warru jalunba yaburr-undu bayka-jin, yambada mukul-mukul-ungku nyulu mayi-bu kakawarri-bungan.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["warru", "jalun", "yaburr", "baykal", "mukul", "mayi", "kakawarri"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:18:18.884288+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:23:07.512687+00:00
english:
The young man was bitten by a shark in the salt water, but the old people made him well with bush medicine.

analysis:
warru jalun-ba yaburr-undu bayka-ji-ny, yambada mukul-mukul-ungku nyulu mayi-bu kakawarri-bunga-ny | young.man sea-LOC shark-LOC bite-PASS-PAST, but old-old-ERG him plant-INST well-CAUS-PAST

evidence:
PASSIVE bayka-ji-ny 'was bitten' + agent LOC (yaburr-undu); kakawarri-bunga-ny CAUS 'healed'; ERG mukul-mukul-ungku


frame: teaching
loans_used: []
evidence: kuli-ma-ny INCHO 'became angry'; nyaji-way RECIP 'see each other'; kaki conditional
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:18:18.884288+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:23:07.512687+00:00
english:
The old man said: do not let anger grow between kin; if a quarrel starts, the old people talk to both sides until they see each other as brothers again.

kuku:
Mukul-dingkarangka balkan: kuli kari yalbay-mal mula-mula-nya; kaki kuku kuli-man, mukul-mukul jambulka balkal, jana yaba-yaba nyaji-way baja.

analysis:
mukul-dingkar-angka balka-ny: kuli kari yalbay-ma-l mula-mula-nya; kaki kuku kuli-ma-ny, mukul-mukul jambul-ka balka-l, jana yaba-yaba nyaji-way baja | old-man-ERG say-PAST: anger NEG big-INCHO-NONPAST kin-kin-among; if word rage-INCHO-PAST, old-old two-DAT speak-NONPAST, they brother-brother see-RECIP again

words_used:
["mukul", "dingkar", "balkal", "kuli", "kari", "yalbay", "mula", "kaki", "kuku", "jambul", "jana", "yaba", "nyajil"]


kuku: Jalbungku kulji kunjinba wumbul-bungan, bananga daray-manin, bana nyaman, kuyu wajun.
frame: micro_narrative
words_used: ["jalbu", "kulji", "kunjin", "wumbul", "bana", "daray", "nyamal", "kuyu", "wajul"]
loans_used: []
evidence: wumbul-bunga-ny CAUS 'heated'; daray-mani-ny action-CAUS 'dropped (made fall)'; ERG jalbu-ngku
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:18:18.884288+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:23:07.512687+00:00
english:
The woman heated the stones in the fire, dropped them into the water, boiled it, and cooked the fish.

analysis:
jalbu-ngku kulji kunjin-ba wumbul-bunga-ny, bana-nga daray-mani-ny, bana nyama-ny, kuyu waju-ny | woman-ERG stone fire-LOC hot-CAUS-PAST, water-LOC drop-CAUS-PAST, water boil-PAST, fish cook-PAST


english: I washed myself in the cold creek at dawn, hid my food from the dogs, and then went out to hunt.
kuku: Ngayu wawubajanga kiway julurri-jin wungar wangkara, ngayku mayi kaya-muny ngakin, balbi dungan.
frame: micro_narrative
loans_used: []
evidence: julurri-ji-ny REFL 'washed myself' vs ngaki-ny transitive 'hid'; kaya-muny ABL; wangkar-a LOC
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:18:18.884288+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:23:07.512687+00:00
analysis:
ngayu wawubaja-nga kiway julurri-ji-ny wungar wangkar-a, ngayku mayi kaya-muny ngaki-ny, balbi dunga-ny | I river-LOC cold wash-REFL-PAST sun up-LOC, my food dog-ABL hide-PAST, hunt go-PAST

words_used:
["ngayu", "wawubaja", "kiway", "julurril", "wungar", "wangkar", "ngayku", "mayi", "kaya", "ngakil", "balbi", "dungay"]


kuku: Dingkar-dingkar bubu-burr kunja-wan, jana juku yalbaymba nyaji-way, kuku balbi-muny daji-wan.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["dingkar", "bubu", "kunjal", "jana", "juku", "yalbay", "nyajil", "kuku", "balbi", "dajil"]
loans_used: []
evidence: kunja-wa-ny/nyaji-way/daji-wa-ny RECIP (ABS subject); yalbay-mba LOC (y-final); bubu-burr PERL
status: accepted
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:18:18.884288+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:23:07.512687+00:00
english:
The men called to each other across the valley, and when they met at the big tree they shared the news of the hunt.

analysis:
dingkar-dingkar bubu-burr kunja-wa-ny, jana juku yalbay-mba nyaji-way, kuku balbi-muny daji-wa-ny | man-man country-PERL call-RECIP-PAST, they tree big-LOC see-RECIP, word hunt-ABL give-RECIP-PAST


frame: question
words_used: ["mukul", "ngulkurr", "yuwu", "bambay", "yangka", "mayi", "nukal", "kakawarri"]
loans_used: []
evidence: ngulkurr-ma-l / kakawarri-ma-l INCHO 'get well'; yangka 'green ant' (Patz 5217); bambay 'sick'
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:18:18.884288+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:23:07.512687+00:00
english:
Is the old woman getting better? Yes, she was very sick, but she drank the green-ant medicine and now she is becoming well again.

kuku:
Mukul ngulkurr-mal? Yuwu, nyulu bambay bajaku, yambada nyulu yangka-mayi nukan, nyulu kakawarri-mal baja.

analysis:
mukul ngulkurr-ma-l? yuwu, nyulu bambay bajaku, yambada nyulu yangka-mayi nuka-ny, nyulu kakawarri-ma-l baja | old.woman good-INCHO-NONPAST? yes, she sick very, but she green.ant-food eat-PAST, she well-INCHO-NONPAST again


frame: imperative_chain
loans_used: []
evidence: wandi-mana action-CAUS IMP 'wake'; yalbay-bunga/wumbul-bunga CAUS IMP; SUCC kada-nyjiku
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:18:18.884288+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:23:07.512687+00:00
english:
Wake the young men before the sun comes up, make the fire big, and heat the water so we can leave early!

kuku:
Warru-warru wandi-mana wungar kada-nyjiku, baya yalbay-bunga, bana wumbul-bunga ngali ngadiku dunga!

analysis:
warru-warru wandi-mana wungar kada-nyjiku, baya yalbay-bunga, bana wumbul-bunga ngali ngadiku dunga | young-young wake-CAUS.IMP sun come-SUCC, fire big-CAUS.IMP, water hot-CAUS.IMP we early go.IMP

words_used:
["warru", "wandil", "wungar", "kaday", "baya", "yalbay", "bana", "wumbul", "ngali", "ngadiku", "dungay"]


english: The strong man overpowered the big fish, dragged it onto the sand, and killed it.
kuku: Dingkar junkurr kuyu yalbay junkurr-manin, jukara wundin, kunin.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["dingkar", "junkurr", "kuyu", "yalbay", "wundil", "jukar", "kunil"]
loans_used: []
evidence: junkurr-mani-ny action-CAUS 'overpowered'; jukar-a LOC (single r)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:18:18.884288+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:23:07.512687+00:00
analysis:
dingkar junkurr kuyu yalbay junkurr-mani-ny, jukar-a wundi-ny, kuni-ny | man strong fish big strength-CAUS-PAST, sand-LOC bring-PAST, kill-PAST


frame: teaching
loans_used: []
evidence: yinil-kanga-ji-ny MIDDLE 'got frightened'; ngulkurr-ma-ji REFL 'calm oneself'; buyun-bunga-l CAUS
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:18:18.884288+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:23:07.512687+00:00
english:
The old man said: when a man is frightened in the dark scrub, he must sit still and make himself calm, because fear makes the feet stumble.

kuku:
Mukul-dingkarangka balkan: dingkar wujurr madjanga yinil-kanga-jin, nyulu dandi bundal, nyulu ngulkurr-ma-ji, yinil jina buyun-bungal.

analysis:
mukul-dingkar-angka balka-ny: dingkar wujurr madja-nga yinil-kanga-ji-ny, nyulu dandi bunda-l, nyulu ngulkurr-ma-ji, yinil jina buyun-bunga-l | old-man-ERG say-PAST: man dark scrub-LOC fear-CAUS-MID-PAST, he firm sit-NONPAST, he good-INCHO-REFL, fear foot bad-CAUS-NONPAST

words_used:
["mukul", "dingkar", "balkal", "wujurr", "madja", "yinil", "dandi", "bunday", "ngulkurr", "jina", "buyun"]


english: The fire died down, the night became cold, the water came, and then it put out the last coals.
kuku: Baya bada dungan, wujurr kiway-man, bana kada-nda, ngunjil bada nandan.
frame: micro_narrative
words_used: ["baya", "bada", "dungay", "wujurr", "kiway", "bana", "kaday", "ngunjil", "nandal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: kija-ma-ny INCHO in a narrative chain; kada-ny-da TEMP1 -da
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:18:18.884288+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:23:07.512687+00:00
analysis:
baya bada dunga-ny, wujurr kiway-ma-ny, bana kada-ny-da, ngunjil bada nanda-ny | fire down go-PAST, dark cold-INCHO-PAST, water come-PAST-then, coals down close-PAST


kuku: Yubal ngulkurr-man? Yuwu, ngali yalbay wungar balka-wan, ngali nyaji-wan, ngali mara-daji-way baja.
frame: question
words_used: ["yubal", "ngulkurr", "yuwu", "ngali", "yalbay", "wungar", "balkal", "nyajil", "mara", "dajil"]
loans_used: []
evidence: balka-wa-ny/nyaji-wa-ny/mara-daji-way RECIP (subject ngali ABS); yubal 2du
status: accepted
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:18:18.884288+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:23:07.512687+00:00
english:
Did you two make peace? Yes, we talked together a long time, we saw each other's side, and now we help each other again.

analysis:
yubal ngulkurr-ma-ny? yuwu, ngali yalbay wungar balka-wa-ny, ngali nyaji-wa-ny, ngali mara-daji-way baja | you.two good-INCHO-PAST? yes, we big time talk-RECIP-PAST, we see-RECIP-PAST, we help-RECIP again


english: The women softened the leaves in water, wove them, and made dilly bags.
kuku: Jalbu jambul birra bananga kima-bal, wukurril, balji-bunga.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["jalbu", "jambul", "birra", "bana", "kima", "wukurril", "balji"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:18:18.884288+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:23:07.512687+00:00
analysis:
jalbu jambul birra bana-nga kima-bal, wukurri-l, balji-bunga | woman two leaf water-LOC soft-CAUS.NONPAST, weave-NONPAST, dillybag-CAUS.NONPAST

evidence:
kima-bal reduced CAUS 'soften' (r.34); balji-bunga CAUS 'make into a bag'; wukurri-l 'weave' (Patz A283)


kuku: Mara julurri-jika yundu nuka-nyjiku, kiway-muny nanda-jika, minya ngulkurr ngaka kaya kariku manil!
frame: imperative_chain
loans_used: []
evidence: julurri-ji-ka / nanda-ji-ka REFL IMP (-ka); ngaka IMP of ngaki-l; kija-muny ABL
status: accepted
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:18:18.884288+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:23:07.512687+00:00
english:
Wash your hands before you eat, cover yourself against the cold, and hide the meat well so the dogs cannot reach it!

analysis:
mara julurri-ji-ka yundu nuka-nyjiku, kiway-muny nanda-ji-ka, minya ngulkurr ngaka kaya kariku mani-l | hand wash-REFL-IMP you eat-SUCC, cold-ABL cover-REFL-IMP, meat well hide.IMP dog NEG get-NONPAST

words_used:
["mara", "julurril", "yundu", "nukal", "kiway", "nandal", "minya", "ngulkurr", "ngakil", "kaya", "kari", "manil"]


english: The green fruit slowly became ripe, fell to the ground, and the pigeons ate it there.
kuku: Mayi kulbul-kari kulbul-man, bubungu daran, wabul yinyabu nukan.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["mayi", "kulbul", "kari", "bubu", "daray", "wabul", "yinya", "nukal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: kulbul-ma-ny INCHO 'became ripe'; kulbul-kari PRIV 'unripe'; dara-y 'fall'
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:18:18.884288+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:23:07.512687+00:00
analysis:
mayi kulbul-kari kulbul-ma-ny, bubu-ngu dara-ny, wabul yinya-bu nuka-ny | fruit ripe-PRIV ripe-INCHO-PAST, ground-LOC fall-PAST, pigeon there-LOC eat-PAST


english: The children swam in the water and laughed until the sun went down.
kuku: Karrkay-karrkay bananga maraji, jana yajarrin, wungar bada-nyjiku.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["karrkay", "bana", "maraji", "jana", "yajarr", "wungar", "bada"]
loans_used: []
evidence: maraji 'swim'; SUCC bada-nyjiku 'until sundown'; bana-nga LOC
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:18:18.884288+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:23:07.512687+00:00
analysis:
karrkay-karrkay bana-nga maraji, jana yajarri-ny, wungar bada-nyjiku | child-child water-LOC swim-NONPAST, they laugh-PAST, sun down-SUCC


frame: question
loans_used: []
evidence: binal-bunga-ny CAUS 'taught'; kunjin-ma-ny INCHO 'became fire'; murni-l 'twist'
status: accepted
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:18:18.884288+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:23:07.512687+00:00
english:
Who taught you to make fire? The old man taught me; he showed me how to twist the fire-stick until the dry grass caught alight.

kuku:
Wanya yundu baya jakalamba binal-bungan? Mukul-dingkarangka nganya binal-bungan, nyulu nganya milbin jimal murnil jikan marral kunjin-man.

analysis:
wanya yundu baya jakalamba binal-bunga-ny? mukul-dingkar-angka nganya binal-bunga-ny, nyulu nganya milbi-ny jimal murni-l jikan marral kunjin-ma-ny | who you fire start.IMP teach-CAUS-PAST? old-man-ERG me teach-CAUS-PAST, he me show-PAST fire.stick twist-NONPAST grass dry fire-INCHO-PAST

words_used:
["wanya", "yundu", "baya", "jakalambal", "binal", "mukul", "dingkar", "nganya", "milbil", "jimal", "murnil", "jikan", "marral", "kunjin"]


frame: micro_narrative
loans_used: []
evidence: bambay-ma-ny/wumbul-ma-ny/kakawarri-ma-ny INCHO; yalbay-muny/jambul-muny ABL
status: accepted
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:18:18.884288+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:23:07.512687+00:00
english:
The boy fell ill after the long walk, his body grew hot, but after two days he became well and stood up strong again.

kuku:
Buban bambay-man jilbay yalbay-muny, nyulu wumbul-man, yambada wungar jambul-muny nyulu kakawarri-man, junkurr wandin baja.

analysis:
buban bambay-ma-ny jilbay yalbay-muny, nyulu wumbul-ma-ny, yambada wungar jambul-muny nyulu kakawarri-ma-ny, junkurr wandi-ny baja | boy sick-INCHO-PAST walk big-ABL, he hot-INCHO-PAST, but day two-ABL he well-INCHO-PAST, strong get.up-PAST again

words_used:
["buban", "bambay", "jilbay", "yalbay", "wumbul", "yambada", "wungar", "jambul", "kakawarri", "junkurr", "wandil"]


frame: teaching
loans_used: []
evidence: binal-bunga/kakawarri-bunga CAUS IMP; bunga-l-bama 'maker' (NMLZ compound); mayi-kari PRIV 'poor'
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:18:18.884288+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:23:07.512687+00:00
english:
The old man said: teach the children to make fire, to make spears, and to heal the sick, because the one who can make things is never poor.

kuku:
Mukul-dingkarangka balkan: karrkay-karrkay binal-bunga baya jakalamba, kalka bunga, bambay kakawarri-bunga, bama bunga-l-bama kariku mayi-kari.

analysis:
mukul-dingkar-angka balka-ny: karrkay-karrkay binal-bunga baya jakalamba, kalka bunga, bambay kakawarri-bunga, bama bunga-l-bama kariku mayi-kari | old-man-ERG say-PAST: child-child teach-CAUS.IMP fire start.IMP, spear make.IMP, sick well-CAUS.IMP, person make-NMLZ-person NEG food-PRIV

words_used:
["mukul", "dingkar", "balkal", "karrkay", "binal", "baya", "jakalambal", "kalka", "bambay", "kakawarri", "bama", "mayi", "kari"]


english: The two old friends met again after many years, embraced, and sat down to share their stories.
kuku: Jawun jambul nyaji-way baja wungar wubul-muny, karrba-way, bundan kuku daji-way.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["jawun", "jambul", "nyajil", "wungar", "wubul", "karrbal", "bunday", "kuku", "dajil"]
loans_used: []
evidence: nyaji-way/karrba-way/daji-way RECIP (jawun jambul ABS); karrba-way 'embrace'
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:18:18.884288+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:23:07.512687+00:00
analysis:
jawun jambul nyaji-way baja wungar wubul-muny, karrba-way, bunda-ny kuku daji-way | friend two see-RECIP again year many-ABL, embrace-RECIP, sit-PAST word give-RECIP


kuku: Ngayu nyiku bubungu yalbay-man, ngayu kuku juku burri binalman, ngayu mukul-dingkar-mal.
frame: micro_narrative
words_used: ["ngayu", "nyiku", "bubu", "yalbay", "kuku", "juku", "burri", "binal", "mukul", "dingkar"]
loans_used: []
evidence: yalbay-ma-ny 'grew up'; mukul-dingkar-ma-l INCHO on noun 'becoming an old man'; bubu-nga LOC
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:18:18.884288+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:23:07.512687+00:00
english:
I grew up in this country, I learned its stories and its plant names, and now I am becoming an old man myself.

analysis:
ngayu nyiku bubu-ngu yalbay-ma-ny, ngayu kuku juku burri binal-ma-ny, ngayu mukul-dingkar-ma-l | I this country-LOC big-INCHO-PAST, I word tree name know-INCHO-PAST, I old-man-INCHO-NONPAST


english: The young man was frightened by the crocodile at the river, but he stayed still and was not harmed.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["warru", "wawubaja", "bilngkumu", "yinil", "dandi", "bunday", "kari", "buyun"]
loans_used: []
evidence: yinil-kanga-ji-ny MIDDLE + agent LOC (bilngkumu-ndu 'by crocodile', Patz 4847); buyun-ma-ny INCHO
status: accepted
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:18:18.884288+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:23:07.512687+00:00
kuku:
Warru wawubajanga bilngkumu-ndu yinil-kanga-jin, yambada nyulu dandi bundan, nyulu kariku buyun-man.

analysis:
warru wawubaja-nga bilngkumu-ndu yinil-kanga-ji-ny, yambada nyulu dandi bunda-ny, nyulu kariku buyun-ma-ny | young.man river-LOC crocodile-LOC fear-CAUS-MID-PAST, but he firm sit-PAST, he NEG bad-INCHO-PAST


english: The mother stood the child up on its feet, washed its face, sang a song, and it stopped crying.
kuku: Ngamungku karrkay jina-nga jana-y-manin, mil julurrin, burri balkan, nyulu badil bawan.
frame: micro_narrative
words_used: ["ngamu", "karrkay", "jina", "julurril", "mil", "burri", "balkal", "badi", "bawal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: jana-y-mani-ny action-CAUS 'stood up'; mil 'eye/face'; ERG ngamu-ngku
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:18:18.884288+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:23:07.512687+00:00
analysis:
ngamu-ngku karrkay jina-nga jana-y-mani-ny, mil julurri-ny, burri balka-ny, nyulu badi-l bawa-ny | mother-ERG child foot-LOC stand-CAUS-PAST, face wash-PAST, song sing-PAST, it cry-NONPAST leave-PAST


frame: question
words_used: ["bana", "kiway", "nukal", "kari", "wabarr", "bawal", "nganga", "ngali", "dubal", "yajin"]
loans_used: []
evidence: kija-ma-ny INCHO; kija-nya SUB 'when cold'; yajin-bunga-nka CAUS+PURP 'to fill'; kariku 'not yet'
status: accepted
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:18:18.884288+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:23:07.512687+00:00
english:
Has the water become cold enough to drink? Not yet — leave it in the shade a while, and when it is cool we will fill the coolamons.

kuku:
Bana kiway-man nuka-nka? Kariku — wabarrba bawa nganga, bana kiway-ma-nya ngali dubal yajin-bunganka.

analysis:
bana kiway-ma-ny nuka-nka? kariku — wabarr-ba bawa nganga, bana kiway-ma-nya ngali dubal yajin-bunga-nka | water cold-INCHO-PAST drink-PURP? not.yet — shade-LOC leave.IMP just, water cold-SUB we coolamon full-CAUS-PURP


frame: teaching
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:18:18.884288+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:23:07.512687+00:00
english:
The old man said: when two families quarrel, do not let the anger grow; sit them down together, let them speak to each other, and they will become one people again.

kuku:
Mukul-dingkarangka balkan: bama jambul kuli-ma-nya, kuli kari yalbay-mal; jana muru bunda-mana, jana balka-way, jana nyubun bama-man baja.

analysis:
mukul-dingkar-angka balka-ny: bama jambul kuli-ma-nya, kuli kari yalbay-ma-l; jana muru bunda-mana, jana balka-way, jana nyubun bama-ma-ny baja | old-man-ERG say-PAST: people two rage-INCHO-SUB, anger NEG big-INCHO-NONPAST; them together sit-CAUS.IMP, they talk-RECIP, they one people-INCHO-PAST again

words_used:
["mukul", "dingkar", "balkal", "bama", "jambul", "kuli", "kari", "yalbay", "jana", "muru", "bunday", "nyubun"]

evidence:
kuli-ma-nya INCHO SUB 'while quarrelling'; bunda-mana CAUS IMP 'make sit'; balka-way RECIP; bama-ma-ny INCHO


kuku: Dingkarangka naybu kuljibu nyurrban, juku murrngan, baya ngulkurr-bungan, nyulu wujurr wubul wajun.
frame: micro_narrative
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:18:18.884288+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:23:07.512687+00:00
english:
The man sharpened the knife on the stone, split the log with it, made a good fire, and it burned much of the night.

analysis:
dingkar-angka naybu kulji-bu nyurrba-ny, juku murrnga-ny, baya ngulkurr-bunga-ny, nyulu wujurr wubul waju-ny | man-ERG knife stone-INST grind-PAST, wood break-PAST, fire good-CAUS-PAST, it night much burn-PAST

words_used:
["dingkar", "naybu", "kulji", "nyurrbal", "juku", "murrngal", "baya", "ngulkurr", "wujurr", "wubul", "wajul"]

evidence:
nyurrba-ny 'sharpened'; murrnga-ny 'broke off' (r.26 non-LOC verb); ngulkurr-bunga-ny CAUS; ERG dingkar-angka


frame: question
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:18:18.884288+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:23:07.512687+00:00
english:
Why are you hiding yourself in the grass? A big goanna frightened me, and I am waiting for it to go away.

kuku:
Wanyurrinku yundu jikanba ngaki-ji? Bajuy yalbay-ngka nganya yinil-kangan, ngayu bundal nyulu dunga-nyjiku.

analysis:
wanyurrinku yundu jikan-ba ngaki-ji? bajuy yalbay-ngka nganya yinil-kanga-ny, ngayu bunda-l nyulu dunga-nyjiku | why you grass-LOC hide-REFL? goanna big-ERG me fear-CAUS-PAST, I wait-NONPAST it go-SUCC

words_used:
["wanyurrinku", "yundu", "jikan", "ngakil", "bajuy", "yalbay", "nganya", "yinil", "ngayu", "bunday", "dungay"]

evidence:
ngaki-ji REFL 'hide oneself' (surface -ji, r.21e); yalbay-ngka ERG (y-final, a-harmony); yinil-kanga-ny CAUS


kuku: Bana kadan, jukar duna-man, ngalngal bubungu-muny dungan, karrkay-karrkay warri karrbanka.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["bana", "kaday", "jukar", "duna", "ngalngal", "bubu", "dungay", "karrkay", "warri", "karrbal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: duna-ma-ny INCHO 'became wet'; bubu-ngu-muny ABL 'out of the hole'; karrba-nka PURP
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:18:18.884288+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:23:07.512687+00:00
english:
The tide came in, the sand became wet, the crabs came out of their holes, and the children ran to catch them.

analysis:
bana kada-ny, jukar duna-ma-ny, ngalngal bubu-ngu-muny dunga-ny, karrkay-karrkay warri karrba-nka | water come-PAST, sand wet-INCHO-PAST, sand.crab hole-ABL go-PAST, child-child run catch-PURP


frame: imperative_chain
words_used: ["karrkay", "kunjin", "wumbul", "wuynkurr", "ngulkurr", "bangkan", "nyungu", "yangka", "kakawarri"]
loans_used: []
evidence: wumbul-bunga/ngulkurr-bunga/kakawarri-bunga CAUS IMP; bangkan-ji COMIT; ngiki 'cough' (Patz 6046)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:18:18.884288+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:23:07.512687+00:00
english:
Make the child warm by the fire, make the soup good with more roots, and heal his cough with the green-ant juice!

kuku:
Karrkay kunjinba wumbul-bunga, wuynkurr ngulkurr-bunga bangkan-ji, nyungu ngiki yangka-bu kakawarri-bunga!

analysis:
karrkay kunjin-ba wumbul-bunga, wuynkurr ngulkurr-bunga bangkan-ji, nyungu ngiki yangka-bu kakawarri-bunga | child fire-LOC hot-CAUS.IMP, broth good-CAUS.IMP root-COMIT, his cough green.ant-INST well-CAUS.IMP


frame: teaching
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:18:18.884288+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:23:07.512687+00:00
english:
The old woman said: a person must learn to look after themselves — to wash, to find food, to make fire, to heal small hurts — before they can look after others.

kuku:
Mukulungku balkan: bama kuji-ji binal-mal — julurri-ji, mayi nubil, baya jakalamba, buyun buban kakawarri-ji — bama yindu kuji-nyjiku.

analysis:
mukul-ungku balka-ny: bama kuji-ji binal-ma-l — julurri-ji, mayi nubi-l, baya jakalamba, buyun buban kakawarri-ji — bama yindu kuji-nyjiku | old.woman-ERG say-PAST: person look.after-REFL learn-INCHO-NONPAST — wash-REFL, food seek-NONPAST, fire start.IMP, hurt small heal-REFL — person other look.after-SUCC

words_used:
["mukul", "balkal", "bama", "kujil", "binal", "julurril", "mayi", "nubil", "baya", "jakalambal", "buyun", "buban", "kakawarri", "yindu"]

evidence:
kuji-ji/julurri-ji/kakawarri-ji REFL; binal-ma-l INCHO; nubi-l 'seek'; kuji-nyjiku SUCC; ERG mukul-ungku


kuku: Balbi-bama jambul kadar muru wukurri-way, jambul-burr daman, minya nyungu bama-nka daji-wan.
frame: micro_narrative
words_used: ["balbi", "bama", "jambul", "kadar", "muru", "wukurril", "damal", "minya", "nyungu", "dajil"]
loans_used: []
evidence: wukurri-way/daji-wa-ny RECIP; jambul-burr PERL 'from two sides'
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:18:18.884288+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:23:07.512687+00:00
english:
The two hunters tracked the wallaby together, speared it from both sides, and divided the meat between their families.

analysis:
balbi-bama jambul kadar muru wukurri-way, jambul-burr dama-ny, minya nyungu bama-nka daji-wa-ny | hunter two wallaby together track-RECIP, two-PERL spear-PAST, meat their people-DAT give-RECIP-PAST


frame: question
loans_used: []
evidence: balbi-bama-ma-l/binal-ma-ny/yaral-ma-ny INCHO; mara-kari PRIV 'empty-handed'
status: accepted
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:18:18.884288+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:23:07.512687+00:00
english:
Is the young man becoming a good hunter? Yes — he learned quickly, his aim became true, and now he never comes back empty-handed.

kuku:
Warru ngulkurr balbi-bama-mal? Yuwu — nyulu warri binalman, nyungu mil yaral-man, nyulu kariku mara-kari kaday.

analysis:
warru ngulkurr balbi-bama-ma-l? yuwu — nyulu warri binal-ma-ny, nyungu mil yaral-ma-ny, nyulu kariku mara-kari kada-y | young.man good hunter-INCHO-NONPAST? yes — he fast know-INCHO-PAST, his eye straight-INCHO-PAST, he NEG hand-PRIV come-NONPAST

words_used:
["warru", "ngulkurr", "balbi", "bama", "yuwu", "warri", "binal", "nyungu", "mil", "yaral", "kari", "mara", "kaday"]


kuku: Marrakan jalun-ba bawan wungar wubul-muny, wungarangka juku buyun-bungan, murrnga-jin.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["marrakan", "jalun", "warral", "bawal", "wungar", "wubul", "juku", "buyun", "murrngal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: wungar-angka ERG 'sun'; buyun-bunga-ny CAUS 'ruined'; murrnga-ji-ny MIDDLE 'fell apart'
status: revised
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:18:18.884288+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T10:14:40.074257+00:00
english:
The old canoe was left on the beach for many years, the sun ruined the wood, and slowly it fell apart.

analysis:
marrakan jalun-ba bawa-ny wungar wubul-muny, wungar-angka juku buyun-bunga-ny, murrnga-ji-ny | canoe beach-LOC leave-PAST year many-ABL, sun-ERG wood bad-CAUS-PAST, break-MID-PAST


kuku: Wubul mara-daji-way, bana daji-way, kari bama nyubun bawa jilbay yalbay-mba!
frame: imperative_chain
words_used: ["wubul", "mara", "dajil", "bana", "kari", "bama", "nyubun", "bawal", "jilbay", "yalbay"]
loans_used: []
evidence: mara-daji-way/daji-way RECIP IMP; jilbay 'walk'(noun); yalbay-nga LOC
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:18:18.884288+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:23:07.512687+00:00
english:
Help each other carry the load, share the water between you, and do not leave anyone behind on the long walk!

analysis:
wubul mara-daji-way, bana daji-way, kari bama nyubun bawa jilbay yalbay-mba | load help-RECIP.IMP, water give-RECIP.IMP, NEG person one leave.IMP walk big-LOC


frame: teaching
loans_used: []
evidence: dandi-bunga-l/kakawarri-bunga-l/buyun-bunga-l CAUS contrast; binal-ma-l INCHO
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:18:18.884288+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:23:07.512687+00:00
english:
The old man said: fire can make a spear hard or burn a whole camp; the same hand that heals can also harm — so teach the young to know the difference.

kuku:
Mukul-dingkarangka balkan: baya kalka dandi-bungal, baya bayan wubul wajul; mara kakawarri-bungal, mara buyun-bungal; karrkay-karrkay binal-bunga jana yindu binal-mal.

analysis:
mukul-dingkar-angka balka-ny: baya kalka dandi-bunga-l, baya bayan wubul waju-l; mara kakawarri-bunga-l, mara buyun-bunga-l; karrkay-karrkay binal-bunga jana yindu binal-ma-l | old-man-ERG say-PAST: fire spear hard-CAUS-NONPAST, fire house all burn-NONPAST; hand well-CAUS-NONPAST, hand bad-CAUS-NONPAST; child-child teach-CAUS.IMP they difference know-INCHO-NONPAST

words_used:
["mukul", "dingkar", "balkal", "baya", "kalka", "dandi", "bayan", "wubul", "wajul", "mara", "kakawarri", "buyun", "karrkay", "binal", "jana", "yindu"]


kuku: Bana yalbay-muny wawubaja bana-ji-man, jikan kulbul-man, bubu dikal-ji juran-man.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["bana", "yalbay", "wawubaja", "jikan", "kulbul", "bubu", "dikal", "juran"]
loans_used: []
evidence: COMIT+INCHO (bana-ji-ma-ny 'became watered', dikal-ji juran-ma-ny 'became alive-with-birds', r.34)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:18:18.884288+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:23:07.512687+00:00
english:
After the big water the dry creek filled again, the grass grew fresh, and the whole country became alive with birds.

analysis:
bana yalbay-muny wawubaja bana-ji-ma-ny, jikan kulbul-ma-ny, bubu dikal-ji juran-ma-ny | water big-ABL creek water-COMIT-INCHO-PAST, grass fresh-INCHO-PAST, country bird-COMIT alive-INCHO-PAST


frame: question
loans_used: []
evidence: daji-wa-ny RECIP 'traded'; daya-ny 'give-PAST'; jana-nda/ngana-nda LOC recipients
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:18:18.884288+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:23:07.512687+00:00
english:
Did the two groups make a trade? Yes — we gave them spears and dilly bags, they gave us shells and ochre, and both sides were satisfied.

kuku:
Bama jambul daji-wan? Yuwu — ngali jananda kalka balji dayan, jana ngananda nikar bajar dayan, jambul ngulkurr-man.

analysis:
bama jambul daji-wa-ny? yuwu — ngali jana-nda kalka balji daya-ny, jana ngana-nda nikar bajar daya-ny, jambul ngulkurr-ma-ny | people two give-RECIP-PAST? yes — we them-LOC spear dillybag give-PAST, they us-LOC oyster ochre give-PAST, two good-INCHO-PAST

words_used:
["bama", "jambul", "dajil", "yuwu", "ngali", "kalka", "balji", "daya", "jana", "ngana", "nikar", "bajar", "ngulkurr"]


frame: micro_narrative
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:18:18.884288+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:23:07.512687+00:00
english:
The grandmother made the sick child well again: she warmed him by the fire, made him drink the medicine, and sang until he slept.

kuku:
Babingka karrkay bambay kakawarri-bungan: nyulu kunjinba wumbul-bungan, mayi nuka-manin, burri balkan nyulu wuna-nyjiku.

analysis:
babi-ngka karrkay bambay kakawarri-bunga-ny: nyulu kunjin-ba wumbul-bunga-ny, mayi nuka-mani-ny, burri balka-ny nyulu wuna-nyjiku | grandmother-ERG child sick well-CAUS-PAST: she fire-LOC hot-CAUS-PAST, medicine eat-CAUS-PAST, song sing-PAST she sleep-SUCC

words_used:
["babi", "karrkay", "bambay", "kakawarri", "kunjin", "wumbul", "mayi", "nukal", "burri", "balkal", "wunay"]

evidence:
kakawarri-bunga-ny/wumbul-bunga-ny CAUS; nuka-mani-ny action-CAUS 'made drink'; wuna-nyjiku SUCC; ERG babi-ngka


frame: teaching
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.85
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:18:18.884288+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:23:07.512687+00:00
english:
The old man said: a boy becomes a man not by growing tall, but by learning to give — the one who shares becomes rich in kin, and the one who hoards becomes poor and alone.

kuku:
Mukul-dingkarangka balkan: buban dingkar-mal kari yalbay-muny, binal daya-l-muny; daji-way-bama mula-ji-mal, ngaki-bama mula-kari nyubun-man.

analysis:
mukul-dingkar-angka balka-ny: buban dingkar-ma-l kari yalbay-muny, binal daya-l-muny; daji-way-bama mula-ji-ma-l, ngaki-bama mula-kari nyubun-ma-ny | old-man-ERG say-PAST: boy man-INCHO-NONPAST NEG tall-ABL, know give-NMLZ-ABL; share-RECIP-person kin-COMIT-INCHO-NONPAST, hide-person kin-PRIV one-INCHO-PAST

words_used:
["mukul", "dingkar", "balkal", "buban", "kari", "yalbay", "binal", "daya", "dajil", "bama", "mula", "ngakil", "nyubun"]

evidence:
dingkar-ma-l/mula-ji-ma-l/nyubun-ma-ny INCHO; daji-way-bama 'sharer', ngaki-bama 'hoarder'; mula-ji COMIT vs mula-kari PRIV


kuku: Dingkar yaka-jin kalka nyurrba-nya, wawubajanga julurrin, dumbul kima-bu karrban.
frame: micro_narrative
words_used: ["dingkar", "yakal", "kalka", "nyurrbal", "wawubaja", "julurril", "dumbul", "kima", "karrbal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: yaka-ji-ny REFL 'cut himself'; nyurrba-nya SUB 'while sharpening'; kima 'soft'
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:18:18.884288+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:23:07.512687+00:00
english:
The man cut himself while sharpening the spear, washed the cut in the creek, and bound it with soft bark.

analysis:
dingkar yaka-ji-ny kalka nyurrba-nya, wawubaja-nga julurri-ny, dumbul kima-bu karrba-ny | man cut-REFL-PAST spear grind-SUB, creek-LOC wash-PAST, bark soft-INST bind-PAST


kuku: Ngayu baya junkurr-bungan, kulji wumbul-bungan, kuyu bangkan yinyabu wajun bama wubulka.
frame: micro_narrative
loans_used: []
evidence: junkurr-bunga-ny/wumbul-bunga-ny CAUS; bama wubul-ka DAT 'for all the people'
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:18:18.884288+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:23:07.512687+00:00
english:
I made the fire strong, heated the flat stones, and cooked the fish and the roots on them for the whole family.

analysis:
ngayu baya junkurr-bunga-ny, kulji wumbul-bunga-ny, kuyu bangkan yinya-bu waju-ny bama wubul-ka | I fire strong-CAUS-PAST, stone hot-CAUS-PAST, fish root there-LOC cook-PAST people all-DAT

words_used:
["ngayu", "baya", "junkurr", "kulji", "wumbul", "kuyu", "bangkan", "yinya", "wajul", "bama", "wubul"]


kuku: Mukul-mukul muru bundan, mayi mara-burr daji-wan, kuku balka-wan, yajarr-wan wujurr yalbay-mba.
frame: everyday
loans_used: []
evidence: daji-wa-ny/balka-wa-ny/yajarr-wa-ny RECIP (mukul-mukul ABS); mara-burr PERL 'hand to hand'
status: accepted
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:18:18.884288+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:23:07.512687+00:00
english:
The old people sat in a circle, passed the food from hand to hand, told stories to one another, and laughed together late into the night.

analysis:
mukul-mukul muru bunda-ny, mayi mara-burr daji-wa-ny, kuku balka-wa-ny, yajarr-wa-ny wujurr yalbay-mba | old-old together sit-PAST, food hand-PERL give-RECIP-PAST, word talk-RECIP-PAST, laugh-RECIP-PAST night big-LOC

words_used:
["mukul", "muru", "bunday", "mayi", "mara", "dajil", "kuku", "balkal", "yajarr", "wujurr", "yalbay"]


english: Grow strong, learn the old ways, make your children good, and keep the language alive!
kuku: Junkurr-maka, bubu ngadiku binal-maka, karrkay-karrkay ngulkurr-bunga, kuku juran-bunga!
frame: imperative_chain
words_used: ["junkurr", "bubu", "ngadiku", "binal", "karrkay", "ngulkurr", "kuku", "juran"]
loans_used: []
evidence: junkurr-maka/binal-maka INCHO IMP (-maka); ngulkurr-bunga/juran-bunga CAUS IMP
status: accepted
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:18:18.884288+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:23:07.512687+00:00
analysis:
junkurr-maka, bubu ngadiku binal-maka, karrkay-karrkay ngulkurr-bunga, kuku juran-bunga | strong-INCHO.IMP country old learn-INCHO.IMP, child-child good-CAUS.IMP, language alive-CAUS.IMP


frame: question
words_used: ["kuku", "nyiku", "bubu", "wulay", "kari", "karrkay", "binal", "ngadiku", "junkurr", "wandil"]
loans_used: []
evidence: wula-ny 'died'; binal-ma-l/junkurr-ma-l INCHO 'reviving'; bubu-nga LOC
status: accepted
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:18:18.884288+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:23:07.512687+00:00
english:
Has the language died in this place? No — the children are learning it again, the old words are becoming strong, and the country is waking up.

kuku:
Kuku nyiku bubungu wulan? Kariku — karrkay-karrkay binal-mal baja, kuku ngadiku junkurr-mal, bubu wandin baja.

analysis:
kuku nyiku bubu-ngu wula-ny? kariku — karrkay-karrkay binal-ma-l baja, kuku ngadiku junkurr-ma-l, bubu wandi-ny baja | language this country-LOC die-PAST? not.yet — child-child learn-INCHO-NONPAST again, word old strong-INCHO-NONPAST, country wake-PAST again


frame: teaching
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.85
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:18:18.884288+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:23:07.512687+00:00
english:
The old man said: we make each other who we are — the elder makes the child wise, the child keeps the elder alive in memory, and so the people never truly die, but pass their knowing from hand to hand forever.

kuku:
Mukul-dingkarangka balkan: ngali nyubun-nyubun-ji bama-bungal — mukulungku karrkay binal-bungal, karrkayangka mukul juran-bungal milka-nga, bama kariku wula, jana binal mara-burr daji-way ngadiku-ngadiku.

analysis:
mukul-dingkar-angka balka-ny: ngali nyubun-nyubun-ji bama-bunga-l — mukul-ungku karrkay binal-bunga-l, karrkay-angka mukul juran-bunga-l milka-nga, bama kariku wula-y, jana binal mara-burr daji-way ngadiku-ngadiku | old-man-ERG say-PAST: we each.other people-CAUS-NONPAST — elder-ERG child know-CAUS-NONPAST, child-ERG elder alive-CAUS-NONPAST mind-LOC, people NEG die-NONPAST, they knowledge hand-PERL give-RECIP always

words_used:
["mukul", "dingkar", "balkal", "ngali", "nyubun", "bama", "karrkay", "binal", "juran", "milka", "kari", "wulay", "jana", "mara", "dajil", "ngadiku"]

evidence:
bama-bunga-l/binal-bunga-l/juran-bunga-l CAUS; daji-way RECIP; ERG mukul-ungku & karrkay-angka (line 141)


frame: everyday
loans_used: []
evidence: kin lexicon: babarr 'elder sister', yabaju 'younger brother', babi 'grandmother'; babi-ji COMIT
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:39:52.859142+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:42:20.405996+00:00
english:
My mother and my elder sister went to the river to dig for roots, but my younger brother stayed in the camp with grandmother.

kuku:
Ngayku ngamu babarr wawubajanga dungan bangkan bakanka, yambada ngayku yabaju bayanba bundan babi-ji.

analysis:
ngayku ngamu babarr wawubaja-nga dunga-ny bangkan baka-nka, yambada ngayku yabaju bayan-ba bunda-ny babi-ji | my mother elder.sister river-LOC go-PAST root dig-PURP, but my younger.brother house-LOC sit-PAST grandmother-COMIT

words_used:
["ngayku", "ngamu", "babarr", "wawubaja", "dungay", "bangkan", "bakal", "yabaju", "bayan", "bunday", "babi"]


frame: teaching
loans_used: []
evidence: kalnga 'mother's brother/uncle'; babarr-amu POSS (consonant -amu); binal-bunga-l CAUS 'teach'
status: accepted
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:39:52.859142+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:42:20.405996+00:00
english:
The old man said: your mother's brother is your uncle; he gives you your first spear and teaches you to hunt — that is his duty to his sister's children.

kuku:
Mukul-dingkarangka balkan: nyungu kalnga yundu kalka ngadiku dayal, balbi binal-bungal, yinya nyungu kuku babarr-amu karrkay-karrkayka.

analysis:
mukul-dingkar-angka balka-ny: nyungu kalnga yundu kalka ngadiku daya-l, balbi binal-bunga-l, yinya nyungu kuku babarr-amu karrkay-karrkay-ka | old-man-ERG say-PAST: your uncle you spear first give-NONPAST, hunt teach-CAUS-NONPAST, that his duty sister-POSS child-child-DAT

words_used:
["mukul", "dingkar", "balkal", "nyungu", "kalnga", "yundu", "kalka", "ngadiku", "daya", "balbi", "binal", "kuku", "babarr", "karrkay"]


english: My grandfather made me a small spear when I was a boy, and my grandmother wove me a dilly bag.
kuku: Ngayku kami nganya kalka buban bungan ngayu buban-nya, ngayku babi nganya balji wukurrin.
frame: micro_narrative
words_used: ["ngayku", "kami", "nganya", "kalka", "buban", "bungal", "babi", "balji", "wukurril"]
loans_used: []
evidence: kami 'grandfather (FF)'; buban-nya SUB 'while [I was] small'
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:39:52.859142+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:42:20.405996+00:00
analysis:
ngayku kami nganya kalka buban bunga-ny ngayu buban-nya, ngayku babi nganya balji wukurri-ny | my grandfather me spear small make-PAST I small-SUB, my grandmother me dillybag weave-PAST


kuku: Wanya yinya warru? Nyulu ngayku babarr-amu kangkal, nyulu nganya kalnga kunjal, ngayu nyulu kuji-l.
frame: question
words_used: ["wanya", "yinya", "warru", "ngayku", "babarr", "kangkal", "nganya", "kalnga", "kunjal", "kujil"]
loans_used: []
evidence: kangkal 'own child' (neutral kin); kunja-l 'call'; the MB↔ZS obligation
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:39:52.859142+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:42:20.405996+00:00
english:
Who is that young man? He is my elder sister's son, so he calls me uncle, and I must look after him.

analysis:
wanya yinya warru? nyulu ngayku babarr-amu kangkal, nyulu nganya kalnga kunja-l, ngayu nyulu kuji-l | who that young.man? he my sister-POSS child, he me uncle call-NONPAST, I him look.after-NONPAST


frame: teaching
loans_used: []
evidence: biwul 'mother-in-law' avoidance (r.33); balka-way/bunda-l-way RECIP; kuku 'law/word'
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:39:52.859142+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:42:20.405996+00:00
english:
The old man said: a man and his mother-in-law must never speak or sit together; they pass their words through a third person, for that is the deepest respect in our law.

kuku:
Mukul-dingkarangka balkan: dingkar nyungu biwul kari balka-way, kari muru bundal-way; jana kuku bama nyubun-ji jilbay, yinya ngali kuku yalbay.

analysis:
mukul-dingkar-angka balka-ny: dingkar nyungu biwul kari balka-way, kari muru bunda-l-way; jana kuku bama nyubun-ji jilba-y, yinya ngali kuku yalbay | old-man-ERG say-PAST: man his mother.in.law NEG speak-RECIP, NEG together sit-RECIP; their word person one-COMIT walk-NONPAST, that our law big

words_used:
["mukul", "dingkar", "balkal", "biwul", "kari", "balkal", "muru", "bunday", "kuku", "bama", "nyubun", "jilbay", "ngali", "yalbay"]


frame: everyday
words_used: ["ngayku", "kambanmu", "ngali", "yajarr", "wubul", "dajil", "nyubun", "balbi", "bangunji", "kuku"]
loans_used: []
evidence: kambanmu 'cross-cousin' (joking-kin); bangunji-mu POSS (vowel -mu); yajarr-wa-ny/daji-way RECIP
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:39:52.859142+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:42:20.405996+00:00
english:
My cross-cousin and I joke and laugh together, we share everything, and we hunt as one — that is the way of cousins.

kuku:
Ngayku kambanmu ngali yajarr-wan, ngali wubul daji-way, ngali nyubun balbil — yinya bangunji-mu kuku.

analysis:
ngayku kambanmu ngali yajarr-wa-ny, ngali wubul daji-way, ngali nyubun balbi-l — yinya bangunji-mu kuku | my cross.cousin we laugh-RECIP-PAST, we all share-RECIP, we one hunt-NONPAST — that cousin-POSS way


kuku: Warru jalbu yindu-ngu manyarr-bungan, ngali kuku yala, nyungu karrkay-karrkay nganjan-amu bama.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["warru", "jalbu", "yindu", "warral", "manyarr", "ngali", "kuku", "karrkay", "nganjan", "bama"]
loans_used: []
evidence: manyarr-bunga-ny 'married' (CAUS); nganjan-amu POSS; children = father's moiety (r.33)
status: revised
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:39:52.859142+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T10:14:40.074257+00:00
english:
The young man married a woman of the other side, as the law says, and their children belong to their father's people.

analysis:
warru jalbu yindu-ngu manyarr-bunga-ny, ngali kuku yala, nyungu karrkay-karrkay nganjan-amu bama | young.man woman other-side wife-CAUS-PAST, our law way, his child-child father-POSS people


kuku: Wanja nyungu dunyu? Nyulu ngayku nganjan yaba-ji dungan kadar balbinka bubu wangkara.
frame: question
loans_used: []
evidence: dunyu 'husband', yaba 'elder brother'; yaba-ji COMIT; balbi-nka PURP
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:39:52.859142+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:42:20.405996+00:00
english:
Where is your husband? He went with my father and my elder brother to hunt wallaby in the high country.

analysis:
wanja nyungu dunyu? nyulu ngayku nganjan yaba-ji dunga-ny kadar balbi-nka bubu wangkar-a | where your husband? he my father elder.brother-COMIT go-PAST wallaby hunt-PURP country up-LOC

words_used:
["wanja", "nyungu", "dunyu", "ngayku", "nganjan", "yaba", "dungay", "kadar", "balbi", "bubu", "wangkar"]


frame: teaching
loans_used: []
evidence: name-taboo of the deceased -> substitute ngalba (r.33); dubu 'spirit' (errata); wula-ny-muny ABL
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:39:52.859142+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:42:20.405996+00:00
english:
The grandmother said: never say the name of one who has died; call them 'ngalba', so their spirit rests and the family is not saddened.

kuku:
Babingka balkan: bama wula-ny-muny nyungu burri kari balka; jana ngalba balka, nyungu dubu ngulkurr-ma, mula-mula kari buyun-ma.

analysis:
babi-ngka balka-ny: bama wula-ny-muny nyungu burri kari balka; jana ngalba balka, nyungu dubu ngulkurr-ma, mula-mula kari buyun-ma | grandmother-ERG say-PAST: person die-PAST-ABL his name NEG say.IMP; them ngalba say.IMP, his spirit good-INCHO.IMP, kin-kin NEG bad-INCHO.IMP

words_used:
["babi", "balkal", "bama", "wulay", "nyungu", "burri", "kari", "balkal", "dubu", "ngulkurr", "mula", "buyun"]


frame: everyday
loans_used: []
evidence: kami 'grandfather'; bubu-mu POSS (vowel -mu); karrkay-karrkay-ka DAT
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:39:52.859142+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:42:20.405996+00:00
english:
My father's father is very old; he sits in the shade all day and tells the children the old stories of the country.

kuku:
Ngayku kami mukul bajaku; nyulu wabarrba bundan wungar-wungar, karrkay-karrkayka kuku ngadiku bubu-mu balkal.

analysis:
ngayku kami mukul bajaku; nyulu wabarr-ba bunda-ny wungar-wungar, karrkay-karrkay-ka kuku ngadiku bubu-mu balka-l | my grandfather old very; he shade-LOC sit-PAST day-day, child-child-DAT word old country-POSS tell-NONPAST

words_used:
["ngayku", "kami", "mukul", "wabarr", "bunday", "wungar", "karrkay", "kuku", "ngadiku", "bubu", "balkal"]


kuku: Ngamu-manda wawubajanga muru jilban, nganjan-manda kalka kunjinba bungan.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["ngamu", "wawubaja", "muru", "jilbay", "nganjan", "kalka", "kunjin", "bungal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: DYAD -manda: ngamu-manda 'mother&child', nganjan-manda 'father&son' (r.25/33)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:39:52.859142+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:42:20.405996+00:00
english:
The mother and child walked together to the water, while the father and son made spears by the fire.

analysis:
ngamu-manda wawubaja-nga muru jilba-ny, nganjan-manda kalka kunjin-ba bunga-ny | mother-and-child river-LOC together walk-PAST, father-and-son spear fire-LOC make-PAST


frame: question
loans_used: []
evidence: PLURAL -karra: yaba-karra 'brothers', bangunji-karra 'cousins' (r.25); daji-way 'divide/share'
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:39:52.859142+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:42:20.405996+00:00
english:
Are your brothers coming to the meeting? Yes, all the brothers and cousins are gathering, because the old man wants to divide the country.

kuku:
Nyungu yaba-karra kada? Yuwu, yaba-karra bangunji-karra muru janan, mukul-dingkarangka bubu daji-way wawu.

analysis:
nyungu yaba-karra kada? yuwu, yaba-karra bangunji-karra muru jana-ny, mukul-dingkar-angka bubu daji-way wawu | your brother-PL come? yes, brother-PL cousin-PL together stand-PAST, old-man-ERG country divide-RECIP want

words_used:
["nyungu", "yaba", "bangunji", "muru", "janay", "yuwu", "mukul", "dingkar", "bubu", "dajil", "wawu"]


frame: teaching
loans_used: []
evidence: POTENT ERG (r.33): ngamu-ngku, kalnga-ngka (a-harmony), babi-ngka; mula-kari PRIV 'without family'
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:39:52.859142+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:42:20.405996+00:00
english:
The old man said: a child belongs to many people — the mother feeds it, the uncle teaches it, the grandmother keeps its stories — so no child is ever without family.

kuku:
Mukul-dingkarangka balkan: kangkal bama wubul-amu — ngamungku mayi dayal, kalnga-ngka binal-bungal, babingka kuku kujil — kangkal kari mula-kari.

analysis:
mukul-dingkar-angka balka-ny: kangkal bama wubul-amu — ngamu-ngku mayi daya-l, kalnga-ngka binal-bunga-l, babi-ngka kuku kuji-l — kangkal kari mula-kari | old-man-ERG say-PAST: child people many-POSS — mother-ERG food give-NONPAST, uncle-ERG teach-CAUS-NONPAST, grandmother-ERG word keep-NONPAST — child NEG kin-PRIV

words_used:
["mukul", "dingkar", "balkal", "kangkal", "bama", "wubul", "ngamu", "mayi", "daya", "kalnga", "binal", "babi", "kuku", "kujil", "kari", "mula"]


frame: everyday
loans_used: []
evidence: jinkurr 'younger sister' (neutral kin); dunyu 'husband'; nyaji-nka PURP
status: revised
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:39:52.859142+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T10:14:40.074257+00:00
english:
My younger sister married a man from the coast; now she lives far away, but she comes back each dry season to see our mother.

kuku:
Ngayku jinkurr dingkar jalun-ba-amu dunyu manin; nyulu kala-kalbay wunan, yambada wungar-wungar kada baja ngali ngamu nyajinka.

analysis:
ngayku jinkurr dingkar jalun-ba-amu dunyu mani-ny; nyulu kala-kalbay wuna-ny, yambada wungar-wungar kada baja ngali ngamu nyaji-nka | my younger.sister man coast-POSS husband get-PAST; she far live-PAST, but season-season come back our mother see-PURP

words_used:
["ngayku", "jinkurr", "dingkar", "jalun", "warral", "dunyu", "manil", "kala-kalbay", "wunay", "wungar", "kaday", "ngali", "ngamu", "nyajil"]


frame: question
loans_used: []
evidence: mukay 'mother's elder sister (MZ)'; yala 'like/way'
status: accepted
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:39:52.859142+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:42:20.405996+00:00
english:
Is that old woman your grandmother? No, she is my mother's older sister; I call her by a different name, but she cares for me like a grandmother.

kuku:
Yinya mukul nyungu babi? Kari, nyulu ngayku mukay; ngayu nyulu yindu-bu kunjal, yambada nyulu nganya kuji-l babi yala.

analysis:
yinya mukul nyungu babi? kari, nyulu ngayku mukay; ngayu nyulu yindu-bu kunja-l, yambada nyulu nganya kuji-l babi yala | that old.woman your grandmother? no, she my mother's.elder.sister; I her other-INST call-NONPAST, but she me look.after-NONPAST grandmother like

words_used:
["yinya", "mukul", "nyungu", "babi", "kari", "ngayku", "mukay", "yindu", "kunjal", "nganya", "kujil", "yala"]


english: I asked my elder brother for meat, but he gave it to his own child, so I went to my uncle.
kuku: Ngayu yaba-nda minya babajin, nyulu nyungu kangkalka dayan, ngayu kalnga-nda dungan.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["ngayu", "yaba", "minya", "babaji", "nyungu", "kangkal", "daya", "kalnga", "dungay"]
loans_used: []
evidence: POTENT LOC yaba-nda / kalnga-nda (Patz 2279 'yaba-nda(*-nga)'); kangkal-ka DAT (neutral)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:39:52.859142+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:42:20.405996+00:00
analysis:
ngayu yaba-nda minya babaji-ny, nyulu nyungu kangkal-ka daya-ny, ngayu kalnga-nda dunga-ny | I elder.brother-LOC meat ask-PAST, he his child-DAT give-PAST, I uncle-LOC go-PAST


kuku: Dunyu biwar bayan bana ngundu ngaran, biwarangka balji wukurrin, dunyungku kalka makarr bungan.
frame: micro_narrative
loans_used: []
evidence: POTENT ERG: biwar-angka (consonant, a-harmony), dunyu-ngku (u-final); biwar 'wife'
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:39:52.859142+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:42:20.405996+00:00
english:
The husband and wife built their camp near the water; the wife wove the baskets, and the husband made the spears and the fish nets.

analysis:
dunyu biwar bayan bana ngundu ngara-ny, biwar-angka balji wukurri-ny, dunyu-ngku kalka makarr bunga-ny | husband wife house water near build-PAST, wife-ERG basket weave-PAST, husband-ERG spear net make-PAST

words_used:
["dunyu", "biwar", "bayan", "bana", "ngundu", "ngaral", "balji", "wukurril", "kalka", "makarr", "bungal"]


frame: question
loans_used: []
evidence: mula-kari PRIV 'orphan/kinless'; kangkal 'child'
status: accepted
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:39:52.859142+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:42:20.405996+00:00
english:
Who is looking after the orphan children? Their grandmother and their uncle took them in; in our way, a child is never left alone.

kuku:
Wanya karrkay-karrkay mula-kari kujil? Nyungu babi kalnga jana manin; ngali yala, kangkal kari nyubun bawal.

analysis:
wanya karrkay-karrkay mula-kari kuji-l? nyungu babi kalnga jana mani-ny; ngali yala, kangkal kari nyubun bawa-l | who child-child kin-PRIV look.after-NONPAST? their grandmother uncle them take-PAST; our way, child NEG alone leave-NONPAST

words_used:
["wanya", "karrkay", "mula", "kari", "kujil", "nyungu", "babi", "kalnga", "jana", "manil", "ngali", "kangkal", "nyubun", "bawal"]


frame: micro_narrative
words_used: ["ngayku", "juway", "balbi", "bama", "yalbay", "kami", "binal", "nganjan", "ngayu"]
loans_used: []
evidence: juway 'great-grandfather'; kami-muny/nganjan-muny ABL 'from'; binal-ma-ny INCHO 'learned'
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:39:52.859142+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:42:20.405996+00:00
english:
My great-grandfather was a famous hunter; my grandfather learned from him, my father from grandfather, and now I learn from my father.

kuku:
Ngayku juway balbi-bama yalbay; ngayku kami nyulu-muny binalman, ngayku nganjan kami-muny binalman, ngayu nganjan-muny binal-mal.

analysis:
ngayku juway balbi-bama yalbay; ngayku kami nyulu-muny binal-ma-ny, ngayku nganjan kami-muny binal-ma-ny, ngayu nganjan-muny binal-ma-l | my great.grandfather hunter big; my grandfather him-ABL learn-INCHO-PAST, my father grandfather-ABL learn-INCHO-PAST, I father-ABL learn-INCHO-NONPAST


frame: teaching
loans_used: []
evidence: jija 'grandchild'; kami-mu POSS (vowel -mu); jija-karra PLURAL; murrnga-ji MIDDLE 'break'
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:39:52.859142+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:42:20.405996+00:00
english:
The old man said: the grandchild carries the grandfather's name and country; when the old ones are gone, the grandchildren become the elders, and the law passes down unbroken.

kuku:
Mukul-dingkarangka balkan: jija kami-mu burri kami-mu bubu karrbal; mukul-mukul dunga-nya, jija-karra mukul-mukul-mal, kuku bada dungay kari murrnga-ji.

analysis:
mukul-dingkar-angka balka-ny: jija kami-mu burri kami-mu bubu karrba-l; mukul-mukul dunga-nya, jija-karra mukul-mukul-ma-l, kuku bada dunga-y kari murrnga-ji | old-man-ERG say-PAST: grandchild grandfather-POSS name grandfather-POSS country hold-NONPAST; old-old go-SUB, grandchild-PL old-old-INCHO-NONPAST, law down go-NONPAST NEG break-MID

words_used:
["mukul", "dingkar", "balkal", "jija", "kami", "burri", "bubu", "karrbal", "dungay", "mukul", "kuku", "bada", "murrngal"]


frame: everyday
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:39:52.859142+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:42:20.405996+00:00
english:
My aunt taught my sister to weave baskets and find the yams, because that is women's knowledge passed from mother to daughter.

kuku:
Ngayku mukul ngayku babarr binal-bungan balji wukurrinka, mayi nubinka, yinya jalbu-mu binal ngamu-muny kangkalka.

analysis:
ngayku mukul ngayku babarr binal-bunga-ny balji wukurri-nka, mayi nubi-nka, yinya jalbu-mu binal ngamu-muny kangkal-ka | my aunt my elder.sister teach-CAUS-PAST basket weave-PURP, food seek-PURP, that woman-POSS knowledge mother-ABL child-DAT

words_used:
["ngayku", "mukul", "babarr", "binal", "balji", "wukurril", "mayi", "nubil", "jalbu", "ngamu", "kangkal"]

evidence:
mukul 'aunt (FZ)' (polysemous w/ 'old woman'); jalbu-mu POSS; wukurri-nka/nubi-nka PURP; ngamu-muny ABL


frame: question
loans_used: []
evidence: balbi-muny ABL 'from the hunt'; yaba-ji COMIT
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:39:52.859142+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:42:20.405996+00:00
english:
Did your father come back from the hunt? Yes, he and my elder brother brought two wallabies, and my mother is cooking them.

kuku:
Nyungu nganjan balbi-muny kada baja? Yuwu, nyulu yaba-ji kadar jambul wundin, ngayku ngamu yinya wajul.

analysis:
nyungu nganjan balbi-muny kada baja? yuwu, nyulu yaba-ji kadar jambul wundi-ny, ngayku ngamu yinya waju-l | your father hunt-ABL come back? yes, he elder.brother-COMIT wallaby two bring-PAST, my mother that cook-NONPAST

words_used:
["nyungu", "nganjan", "balbi", "kaday", "yuwu", "yaba", "kadar", "jambul", "wundil", "ngayku", "ngamu", "wajul"]


frame: everyday
loans_used: []
evidence: ngamu-ji / minya-ji COMIT (vowel -ji); bada-nya SUB 'at dusk'
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:39:52.859142+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:42:20.405996+00:00
english:
The two sisters and their mother sat together weaving, the little ones sat nearby, and the men returned at dusk with meat.

kuku:
Babarr jambul ngamu-ji muru bundan wukurril, karrkay-karrkay ngundu bundan, dingkar-dingkar kada baja wungar bada-nya minya-ji.

analysis:
babarr jambul ngamu-ji muru bunda-ny wukurri-l, karrkay-karrkay ngundu bunda-ny, dingkar-dingkar kada baja wungar bada-nya minya-ji | sister two mother-COMIT together sit-PAST weave-NONPAST, child-child near sit-PAST, man-man come back sun down-SUB meat-COMIT

words_used:
["babarr", "jambul", "ngamu", "muru", "bunday", "wukurril", "karrkay", "ngundu", "dingkar", "kaday", "wungar", "bada", "minya"]


frame: everyday
words_used: ["ngayku", "bangunji", "ngali", "nyubun", "wungar", "muru", "yalbay", "binal", "bubu", "balbi"]
loans_used: []
evidence: bangunji 'cousin'; wungar-amu POSS (consonant -amu); yalbay-ma-ny/binal-ma-ny INCHO
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:39:52.859142+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:42:20.405996+00:00
english:
My cousin and I are the same age; we grew up together, we learned together, and now we hunt the same country.

kuku:
Ngayku bangunji ngali nyubun wungar-amu; ngali muru yalbay-man, ngali muru binal-man, ngali nyubun bubu balbil.

analysis:
ngayku bangunji ngali nyubun wungar-amu; ngali muru yalbay-ma-ny, ngali muru binal-ma-ny, ngali nyubun bubu balbi-l | my cousin we one time-POSS; we together big-INCHO-PAST, we together learn-INCHO-PAST, we one country hunt-NONPAST


frame: teaching
loans_used: []
evidence: biwul/ngalayin avoidance pair vs kambanmu joking; kambanmu-ji COMIT; mukul-ungku ERG
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:39:52.859142+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:42:20.405996+00:00
english:
The old woman said: a mother-in-law and her son-in-law must keep apart, but a man and his cross-cousin may joke freely — these two rules hold the family in balance.

kuku:
Mukulungku balkan: biwul ngalayin muru kari bundal, yambada dingkar kambanmu-ji yajarr-way; yinya jambul kuku mula-mula dandi karrbal.

analysis:
mukul-ungku balka-ny: biwul ngalayin muru kari bunda-l, yambada dingkar kambanmu-ji yajarr-way; yinya jambul kuku mula-mula dandi karrba-l | old.woman-ERG say-PAST: mother.in.law son.in.law together NEG sit-NONPAST, but man cross.cousin-COMIT laugh-RECIP; that two law kin-kin firm hold-NONPAST

words_used:
["mukul", "balkal", "biwul", "ngalayin", "muru", "kari", "bunday", "dingkar", "kambanmu", "yajarr", "jambul", "kuku", "mula", "dandi", "karrbal"]


frame: everyday
loans_used: []
evidence: banji 'brother-in-law'; dunyu-mu POSS (vowel -mu); mara-daji-l 'help'
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:39:52.859142+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:42:20.405996+00:00
english:
My husband's brother is my brother-in-law; he helps me carry the heavy loads, and I cook for him when my husband is away hunting.

kuku:
Ngayku dunyu-mu yaba ngayku banji; nyulu nganya mara-dajil wubul junkurr, ngayu nyulu wajul dunyu balbi dunga-nya.

analysis:
ngayku dunyu-mu yaba ngayku banji; nyulu nganya mara-daji-l wubul junkurr, ngayu nyulu waju-l dunyu balbi dunga-nya | my husband-POSS elder.brother my brother.in.law; he me help-NONPAST load heavy, I him cook-NONPAST husband hunt go-SUB

words_used:
["ngayku", "dunyu", "yaba", "banji", "nganya", "mara", "dajil", "wubul", "junkurr", "wajul", "balbi", "dungay"]


frame: everyday
loans_used: []
evidence: mara-daji-nka/daya-nka PURP; burri 'name'; the whole-kin naming
status: accepted
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:39:52.859142+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:42:20.405996+00:00
english:
When my daughter was born, my mother came to help, my aunt brought food, and the whole family gathered to give the child a name.

kuku:
Ngayku kangkal jalbu jana-nya, ngayku ngamu kada mara-dajinka, ngayku mukul mayi wundin, mula-mula muru janan kangkalka burri dayanka.

analysis:
ngayku kangkal jalbu jana-nya, ngayku ngamu kada mara-daji-nka, ngayku mukul mayi wundi-ny, mula-mula muru jana-ny kangkal-ka burri daya-nka | my child girl born-SUB, my mother come help-PURP, my aunt food bring-PAST, kin-kin together gather-PAST child-DAT name give-PURP

words_used:
["ngayku", "kangkal", "jalbu", "janay", "ngamu", "kaday", "mara", "dajil", "mukul", "mayi", "wundil", "mula", "muru", "burri", "daya"]


frame: question
loans_used: []
evidence: yabaju 'younger brother'; kalnga-mu POSS (vowel -mu); balbi-way RECIP
status: accepted
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:39:52.859142+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:42:20.405996+00:00
english:
Is he your younger brother? No, he is my uncle's son — my cross-cousin — so we joke and hunt together, but I must respect his father.

kuku:
Nyulu nyungu yabaju? Kari, nyulu ngayku kalnga-mu kangkal — ngayku kambanmu — ngali yajarr-way balbi-way, yambada ngayu nyungu nganjan dandi karrbal.

analysis:
nyulu nyungu yabaju? kari, nyulu ngayku kalnga-mu kangkal — ngayku kambanmu — ngali yajarr-way balbi-way, yambada ngayu nyungu nganjan dandi karrba-l | he your younger.brother? no, he my uncle-POSS child — my cross.cousin — we laugh-RECIP hunt-RECIP, but I his father firm hold-NONPAST

words_used:
["nyulu", "nyungu", "yabaju", "kari", "ngayku", "kalnga", "kangkal", "kambanmu", "ngali", "yajarr", "balbi", "nganjan", "dandi", "karrbal"]


kuku: Babingka kuyu jija-karra-nka daji-way, bada ngulkurr buban-baja-nka dayan, dukul nyungu-nka ngakin.
frame: micro_narrative
words_used: ["babi", "kuyu", "jija", "dajil", "bada", "ngulkurr", "buban", "daya", "dukul", "nyungu", "ngakil"]
loans_used: []
evidence: jija-karra-nka DAT (grandchildren); dukul 'head'; babi-ngka ERG
status: accepted
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:39:52.859142+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:42:20.405996+00:00
english:
The grandmother divided the fish among all her grandchildren, gave the best part to the smallest, and kept the head for herself.

analysis:
babi-ngka kuyu jija-karra-nka daji-way, bada ngulkurr buban-baja-nka daya-ny, dukul nyungu-nka ngaki-ny | grandmother-ERG fish grandchild-PL-DAT share-RECIP, part good small-most-DAT give-PAST, head self-DAT keep-PAST


frame: teaching
loans_used: []
evidence: ngamu-mu vs nganjan-amu POSS (vowel/consonant); nyubun-muny/yindu-muny ABL; bubu-kari PRIV
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:39:52.859142+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:42:20.405996+00:00
english:
The old man said: honour your mother's people and your father's people alike; from one you take your blood, from the other your country, and a person who forgets either is lost.

kuku:
Mukul-dingkarangka balkan: nyungu ngamu-mu bama nganjan-amu bama muru dandi karrba; nyubun-muny yundu mula mani, yindu-muny bubu, bama nyubun kari binal nyulu bubu-kari.

analysis:
mukul-dingkar-angka balka-ny: nyungu ngamu-mu bama nganjan-amu bama muru dandi karrba; nyubun-muny yundu mula mani, yindu-muny bubu, bama nyubun kari binal nyulu bubu-kari | old-man-ERG say-PAST: your mother-POSS people father-POSS people together firm hold.IMP; one-ABL you blood get, other-ABL country, person one NEG know he country-PRIV

words_used:
["mukul", "dingkar", "balkal", "nyungu", "ngamu", "bama", "nganjan", "muru", "dandi", "karrbal", "nyubun", "mula", "manil", "yindu", "bubu", "kari", "binal"]


frame: everyday
loans_used: []
evidence: yaba-karra-ji COMIT (PLURAL+COMIT); wula-nya SUB 'when they die'; ngaki-ny 'buried'
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:39:52.859142+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:42:20.405996+00:00
english:
My father and his brothers own the country by the river; they hunt there, they camp there, and when they die they are buried in that ground.

kuku:
Ngayku nganjan yaba-karra-ji bubu wawubaja ngundu karrbal; jana yinyabu balbil, yinyabu bundal, jana wula-nya yinya bubungu ngakin.

analysis:
ngayku nganjan yaba-karra-ji bubu wawubaja ngundu karrba-l; jana yinya-bu balbi-l, yinya-bu bunda-l, jana wula-nya yinya bubu-ngu ngaki-ny | my father brother-PL-COMIT country river near hold-NONPAST; they there-LOC hunt-NONPAST, there-LOC camp-NONPAST, they die-SUB that ground-LOC bury-PAST

words_used:
["ngayku", "nganjan", "yaba", "bubu", "wawubaja", "ngundu", "karrbal", "jana", "yinya", "balbi", "bunday", "wulay", "ngakil"]


frame: question
loans_used: []
evidence: biwul avoidance; jalbu-ji COMIT; nganga 'only'; kada-nya SUB
status: accepted
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:39:52.859142+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:42:20.405996+00:00
english:
Why can you not sit with that woman? She is my mother-in-law; I must not look at her or speak to her, so I always leave when she comes.

kuku:
Wanyurrinku yundu yinya jalbu-ji kari bundal? Nyulu ngayku biwul; ngayu nyulu kari nyajil, kari balkal, ngayu nganga dungay nyulu kada-nya.

analysis:
wanyurrinku yundu yinya jalbu-ji kari bunda-l? nyulu ngayku biwul; ngayu nyulu kari nyaji-l, kari balka-l, ngayu nganga dunga-y nyulu kada-nya | why you that woman-COMIT NEG sit-NONPAST? she my mother.in.law; I her NEG look-NONPAST, NEG speak-NONPAST, I only go-NONPAST she come-SUB

words_used:
["wanyurrinku", "yundu", "jalbu", "kari", "bunday", "nyulu", "ngayku", "biwul", "nyajil", "balkal", "nganga", "dungay", "kaday"]


frame: micro_narrative
loans_used: []
evidence: biwar-amu POSS; mula-mula-nka DAT; kuku-kari PRIV 'wordless' (in-law respect)
status: revised
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:39:52.859142+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T10:14:40.074257+00:00
english:
The young man brought meat to his wife's kin, sat outside their camp, and left the meat at the edge without a word, as the custom requires.

kuku:
Warru minya nyungu biwar-amu mula-mula-nka wundin, bayan-ba bundan, minya bayan-ba bawan kuku-kari, ngali yala.

analysis:
warru minya nyungu biwar-amu mula-mula-nka wundi-ny, bayan-ba bunda-ny, minya bayan-ba bawa-ny kuku-kari, ngali yala | young.man meat his wife-POSS kin-kin-DAT bring-PAST, house-edge sit-PAST, meat house-edge-LOC leave-PAST word-PRIV, our way

words_used:
["warru", "minya", "nyungu", "biwar", "mula", "wundil", "bayan", "warral", "bunday", "bawal", "kuku", "kari", "ngali", "yala"]


frame: micro_narrative
loans_used: []
evidence: mukay 'MZ'; yalbay-bunga-ny CAUS 'raised'; wula-ny-muny ABL; -karra PLURAL (classificatory kin)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:39:52.859142+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:42:20.405996+00:00
english:
My mother's sister raised me when my own mother died; I call her mother too, and her children are my brothers and sisters.

kuku:
Ngayku mukay nganya yalbay-bungan ngayku ngamu wula-ny-muny; ngayu nyulu ngamu balkal baja, nyungu kangkal-karra ngayku yaba-karra babarr-karra.

analysis:
ngayku mukay nganya yalbay-bunga-ny ngayku ngamu wula-ny-muny; ngayu nyulu ngamu balka-l baja, nyungu kangkal-karra ngayku yaba-karra babarr-karra | my mother's.sister me big-CAUS-PAST my mother die-PAST-ABL; I her mother call-NONPAST too, her child-PL my brother-PL sister-PL

words_used:
["ngayku", "mukay", "nganya", "yalbay", "ngamu", "wulay", "ngayu", "balkal", "nyungu", "kangkal", "yaba", "babarr"]


frame: question
loans_used: []
evidence: kami-mu POSS; bubu-mundu 'toward'; yirmbal 'taboo/sacred' (dict)
status: revised
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:39:52.859142+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T10:14:40.074257+00:00
english:
Are you going to your grandfather's country? Yes, my grandfather is teaching me the sacred places, the water sources, and the boundary of our land.

kuku:
Yundu nyungu kami-mu bubu-mundu dungay? Yuwu, ngayku kami nganya binal-bungal bubu yirmbal, bana-mu bubu, ngali bubu-mu kunbayn.

analysis:
yundu nyungu kami-mu bubu-mundu dunga-y? yuwu, ngayku kami nganya binal-bunga-l bubu yirmbal, bana-mu bubu, ngali bubu-mu kunbayn | you your grandfather-POSS country-toward go-NONPAST? yes, my grandfather me teach-CAUS-NONPAST country taboo, water-POSS place, our country-POSS edge

words_used:
["yundu", "nyungu", "kami", "bubu", "dungay", "yuwu", "ngayku", "nganya", "binal", "yirmbal", "bana", "ngali", "warral"]


frame: teaching
loans_used: []
evidence: bubu-nku DAT (u-harmony); yalbay-ma-ny INCHO 'grown'; the child-belongs-to-country teaching
status: accepted
confidence: 0.85
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:39:52.859142+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:42:20.405996+00:00
english:
The old man said: a man does not own his children — he holds them for the country; he feeds them, names them, teaches them, and gives them back to the people when they are grown.

kuku:
Mukul-dingkarangka balkan: dingkar nyungu kangkal-karra kari karrbal nyungu-nka — nyulu bubu-nku karrbal; nyulu mayi dayal, burri dayal, binal-bungal, jana yalbay-man bama-nka daji baja.

analysis:
mukul-dingkar-angka balka-ny: dingkar nyungu kangkal-karra kari karrba-l nyungu-nka — nyulu bubu-nku karrba-l; nyulu mayi daya-l, burri daya-l, binal-bunga-l, jana yalbay-ma-ny bama-nka daji baja | old-man-ERG say-PAST: man his child-PL NEG hold-NONPAST self-DAT — he country-DAT hold-NONPAST; he food give-NONPAST, name give-NONPAST, teach-CAUS-NONPAST, they big-INCHO-PAST people-DAT give again

words_used:
["mukul", "dingkar", "balkal", "dingkar", "nyungu", "kangkal", "kari", "karrbal", "bubu", "mayi", "daya", "burri", "binal", "jana", "yalbay", "bama", "dajil"]


frame: everyday
loans_used: []
evidence: yaba 'elder brother'; ngulkurr-ma-ny INCHO 'was pleased'; daji-way RECIP
status: accepted
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:39:52.859142+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:42:20.405996+00:00
english:
My elder brother speared his first wallaby today; my father was proud, my mother cooked a feast, and the whole camp shared the meat.

kuku:
Ngayku yaba kadar ngadiku daman nyiku-wungar; ngayku nganjan ngulkurr-man, ngayku ngamu mayi yalbay wajun, bayan wubul minya daji-way.

analysis:
ngayku yaba kadar ngadiku dama-ny nyiku-wungar; ngayku nganjan ngulkurr-ma-ny, ngayku ngamu mayi yalbay waju-ny, bayan wubul minya daji-way | my elder.brother wallaby first spear-PAST this-day; my father good-INCHO-PAST, my mother food big cook-PAST, camp all meat share-RECIP

words_used:
["ngayku", "yaba", "kadar", "ngadiku", "damal", "nyiku", "wungar", "nganjan", "ngulkurr", "ngamu", "mayi", "yalbay", "wajul", "bayan", "wubul", "minya", "dajil"]


frame: question
loans_used: []
evidence: babi-nka DAT (grandmother); jija-karra PLURAL; kuji-l 'look after'
status: accepted
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:39:52.859142+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:42:20.405996+00:00
english:
Who will look after grandmother? My aunt will take her in, my mother will bring food, and we grandchildren will gather firewood and water for her.

kuku:
Wanya babi kujil? Ngayku mukul nyulu manil, ngayku ngamu mayi wundil, ngali jija-karra juku bana babi-nka manil.

analysis:
wanya babi kuji-l? ngayku mukul nyulu mani-l, ngayku ngamu mayi wundi-l, ngali jija-karra juku bana babi-nka mani-l | who grandmother look.after-NONPAST? my aunt her take-NONPAST, my mother food bring-NONPAST, we grandchild-PL wood water grandmother-DAT get-NONPAST

words_used:
["wanya", "babi", "kujil", "ngayku", "mukul", "manil", "ngamu", "mayi", "wundil", "ngali", "jija", "juku", "bana"]


frame: micro_narrative
loans_used: []
evidence: POTENT ERG dunyu-ngku, biwar-angka, babi-ngka; the family division of labour
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:39:52.859142+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:42:20.405996+00:00
english:
The husband hunted, the wife gathered, the children carried, and the grandmother tended the fire — in this way one family fed itself through the dry season.

kuku:
Dunyungku balbin, biwarangka mayi munjan, karrkay-karrkay wundin, babingka baya kujin — yala nyubun mula-mula nyungu-nka mayi dayan wungar marral-ba.

analysis:
dunyu-ngku balbi-ny, biwar-angka mayi munja-ny, karrkay-karrkay wundi-ny, babi-ngka baya kuji-ny — yala nyubun mula-mula nyungu-nka mayi daya-ny wungar marral-ba | husband-ERG hunt-PAST, wife-ERG food gather-PAST, child-child carry-PAST, grandmother-ERG fire tend-PAST — way one kin-kin self-DAT food give-PAST time dry-LOC

words_used:
["dunyu", "balbi", "biwar", "mayi", "munjal", "karrkay", "wundil", "babi", "baya", "kujil", "nyubun", "mula", "nyungu", "daya", "wungar", "marral"]


frame: teaching
loans_used: []
evidence: manyarr-bunga-nya SUB 'when marrying'; jana-nda LOC (recipient); marriage = joining whole peoples
status: accepted
confidence: 0.85
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:39:52.859142+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:42:20.405996+00:00
english:
The old woman said: when you marry you do not just take a wife — you take her mother, her brothers, her whole people, and you owe them meat and respect for the rest of your life.

kuku:
Mukulungku balkan: yundu manyarr-bunga-nya, yundu kari manyarr nyubun mani — yundu nyungu ngamu, yaba-karra, bama wubul mani, yundu jananda minya dandi dayal yundu juran.

analysis:
mukul-ungku balka-ny: yundu manyarr-bunga-nya, yundu kari manyarr nyubun mani — yundu nyungu ngamu, yaba-karra, bama wubul mani, yundu jana-nda minya dandi daya-l yundu juran | old.woman-ERG say-PAST: you wife-CAUS-SUB, you NEG wife one get — you her mother, brother-PL, people all get, you them-LOC meat respect give-NONPAST you alive

words_used:
["mukul", "balkal", "yundu", "manyarr", "kari", "nyubun", "manil", "nyungu", "ngamu", "yaba", "bama", "wubul", "jana", "minya", "dandi", "daya", "juran"]


frame: everyday
loans_used: []
evidence: jija 'grandchild'; binal-ma-l INCHO 'learning'; wula-ny-muny ABL 'after I die'
status: accepted
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:39:52.859142+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:42:20.405996+00:00
english:
My grandchild is learning to walk; when she is grown, I will teach her the plant names, and she will carry my knowledge after I am gone.

kuku:
Ngayku jija jilbay binal-mal; nyulu yalbay-man, ngayu nyulu binal-bungal juku burri, nyulu ngayku binal karrbal ngayu wula-ny-muny.

analysis:
ngayku jija jilbay binal-ma-l; nyulu yalbay-ma-ny, ngayu nyulu binal-bunga-l juku burri, nyulu ngayku binal karrba-l ngayu wula-ny-muny | my grandchild walk learn-INCHO-NONPAST; she big-INCHO-PAST, I her teach-CAUS-NONPAST tree name, she my knowledge hold-NONPAST I die-PAST-ABL

words_used:
["ngayku", "jija", "jilbay", "binal", "nyulu", "yalbay", "ngayu", "juku", "burri", "karrbal", "wulay"]


frame: teaching
loans_used: []
evidence: juran-bama 'living', wula-bama 'dead'; -ji COMIT (vowel/l); murrnga-ji MIDDLE 'break'
status: accepted
confidence: 0.85
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:39:52.859142+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:42:20.405996+00:00
english:
The old man said: the strongest rope is kinship — it holds the living to the dead, the child to the country, one person to all the others, and it never breaks if you honour it.

kuku:
Mukul-dingkarangka balkan: mula-mula yala dandi bajaku — nyulu juran-bama wula-bama-ji karrbal, kangkal bubu-ji, nyubun-bama bama wubul-ji; nyulu kariku murrnga-ji yundu dandi karrba-nya.

analysis:
mukul-dingkar-angka balka-ny: mula-mula yala dandi bajaku — nyulu juran-bama wula-bama-ji karrba-l, kangkal bubu-ji, nyubun-bama bama wubul-ji; nyulu kariku murrnga-ji yundu dandi karrba-nya | old-man-ERG say-PAST: kin-kin like firm most — it living-person dead-person-COMIT hold-NONPAST, child country-COMIT, one-person people all-COMIT; it NEG break-MID you firm hold-SUB

words_used:
["mukul", "dingkar", "balkal", "mula", "dandi", "juran", "bama", "wulay", "karrbal", "kangkal", "bubu", "nyubun", "wubul", "kari", "murrngal"]


frame: micro_narrative
loans_used: []
evidence: yabaju 'younger brother'; babi-nka DAT; successive -da; wangkar-a LOC (single r)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:39:52.859142+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:42:20.405996+00:00
english:
My younger brother and I set out at dawn, tracked the wallaby to the ridge, speared it together, and carried it home to our mother and grandmother.

kuku:
Ngayku yabaju ngali wungar wangkara dungan, kadar jina wukurrin bubu wangkara, muru daman, bayanka wundinda ngamu babi-nka.

analysis:
ngayku yabaju ngali wungar wangkar-a dunga-ny, kadar jina wukurri-ny bubu wangkar-a, muru dama-ny, bayan-ka wundi-ny-da ngamu babi-nka | my younger.brother we sun up-LOC go-PAST, wallaby track follow-PAST country up-LOC, together spear-PAST, house-DAT bring-PAST-then mother grandmother-DAT

words_used:
["ngayku", "yabaju", "ngali", "wungar", "wangkar", "dungay", "kadar", "jina", "wukurril", "bubu", "muru", "damal", "bayan", "wundil", "ngamu", "babi"]


frame: question
loans_used: []
evidence: ngulkurr-ma-ny INCHO 'made peace'; bangunji-mu POSS; marriage binds moieties
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:39:52.859142+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:42:20.405996+00:00
english:
Did the two families settle the quarrel? Yes — the elders sat together, the young men made peace, and a marriage between the cousins will bind the two groups forever.

kuku:
Bama jambul kuku ngulkurr-man? Yuwu — mukul-mukul muru bundan, warru-warru ngulkurr-man, bangunji-mu manyarr-bunga jambul bama dandi karrbal ngadiku-ngadiku.

analysis:
bama jambul kuku ngulkurr-ma-ny? yuwu — mukul-mukul muru bunda-ny, warru-warru ngulkurr-ma-ny, bangunji-mu manyarr-bunga jambul bama dandi karrba-l ngadiku-ngadiku | people two dispute good-INCHO-PAST? yes — old-old together sit-PAST, young-young good-INCHO-PAST, cousin-POSS marriage two group firm hold-NONPAST always

words_used:
["bama", "jambul", "kuku", "ngulkurr", "yuwu", "mukul", "muru", "bunday", "warru", "bangunji", "manyarr", "dandi", "karrbal", "ngadiku"]


frame: everyday
loans_used: []
evidence: ngaji 'mother's father (MF)', kalnga 'uncle'; PURP nyaji-nka/wukurri-nka/bunga-nka
status: accepted
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:39:52.859142+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:42:20.405996+00:00
english:
My mother's father taught me to read the sky, my father taught me to track, and my uncle taught me to make spears — each kinsman gives a different gift.

kuku:
Ngayku ngaji nganya binal-bungan jiri nyajinka, ngayku nganjan jina wukurrinka, ngayku kalnga kalka bunganka — mula-mula wubul nyubun-nyubun binal dayal.

analysis:
ngayku ngaji nganya binal-bunga-ny jiri nyaji-nka, ngayku nganjan jina wukurri-nka, ngayku kalnga kalka bunga-nka — mula-mula wubul nyubun-nyubun binal daya-l | my mother's.father me teach-CAUS-PAST sky see-PURP, my father track follow-PURP, my uncle spear make-PURP — kin-kin many each-each knowledge give-NONPAST

words_used:
["ngayku", "ngaji", "nganya", "binal", "jiri", "nyajil", "nganjan", "jina", "wukurril", "kalnga", "kalka", "bungal", "mula", "wubul", "nyubun", "daya"]


frame: micro_narrative
words_used: ["ngayku", "nganjan", "wulay", "yaba", "nganya", "manyarr", "bama", "daya", "kari", "dakwuy"]
loans_used: []
evidence: nganjan-ma-ny INCHO 'became a father'; nganjan-amu/manyarr-amu POSS; dakwuy-bunga-ny CAUS
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:39:52.859142+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:42:20.405996+00:00
english:
When my father died, my father's brother became a father to me; he took me hunting, gave me my first wife's people, and never let me go hungry.

kuku:
Ngayku nganjan wulan, ngayku nganjan-amu yaba nganya-nka nganjan-man; nyulu nganya balbi wundin, ngayku manyarr-amu bama dayan, nyulu nganya kariku dakwuy-bungan.

analysis:
ngayku nganjan wula-ny, ngayku nganjan-amu yaba nganya-nka nganjan-ma-ny; nyulu nganya balbi wundi-ny, ngayku manyarr-amu bama daya-ny, nyulu nganya kariku dakwuy-bunga-ny | my father die-PAST, my father-POSS elder.brother me-DAT father-INCHO-PAST; he me hunt bring-PAST, my wife-POSS people give-PAST, he me NEG hungry-CAUS-PAST


frame: everyday
loans_used: []
evidence: jija-karra-ji COMIT; mukul-mukul-amu POSS (consonant); jana-mu POSS (vowel)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:39:52.859142+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:42:20.405996+00:00
english:
The grandmother sat with all her grandchildren around her, gave each one a name from the old people, and told them which country they belonged to.

kuku:
Babingka jija-karra-ji muru bundan, nyubun-nyubun-ka burri mukul-mukul-amu dayan, jananda balkan wanja bubu jana-mu.

analysis:
babi-ngka jija-karra-ji muru bunda-ny, nyubun-nyubun-ka burri mukul-mukul-amu daya-ny, jana-nda balka-ny wanja bubu jana-mu | grandmother-ERG grandchild-PL-COMIT together sit-PAST, each-each-DAT name old-old-POSS give-PAST, them-LOC tell-PAST which country their

words_used:
["babi", "jija", "muru", "bunday", "nyubun", "burri", "mukul", "daya", "jana", "balkal", "wanja", "bubu"]


frame: teaching
loans_used: []
evidence: classificatory kinship: every person is addressed by a kin term; kunja 'call' (IMP)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.85
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:39:52.859142+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:42:20.405996+00:00
english:
The old man said: call every older man 'father' or 'uncle', every older woman 'mother' or 'aunt', every child 'son' or 'daughter' — for in our way the whole people is one family.

kuku:
Mukul-dingkarangka balkan: dingkar mukul wubul nganjan yala kalnga kunja, jalbu mukul wubul ngamu yala mukay kunja, kangkal wubul kangkal kunja — ngali yala, bama wubul nyubun mula-mula.

analysis:
mukul-dingkar-angka balka-ny: dingkar mukul wubul nganjan yala kalnga kunja, jalbu mukul wubul ngamu yala mukay kunja, kangkal wubul kangkal kunja — ngali yala, bama wubul nyubun mula-mula | old-man-ERG say-PAST: man old all father or uncle call.IMP, woman old all mother or aunt call.IMP, child all child call.IMP — our way, people all one kin-kin

words_used:
["mukul", "dingkar", "balkal", "dingkar", "wubul", "nganjan", "kalnga", "kunjal", "jalbu", "ngamu", "mukay", "kangkal", "ngali", "bama", "nyubun", "mula"]


frame: everyday
loans_used: []
evidence: kambanmu; manyarr-bunga-ny 'married'; muru-ma-ny INCHO 'became joined'; -mundu 'toward'
status: revised
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:39:52.859142+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T10:15:26.530963+00:00
english:
My cross-cousin married into the family across the river; now when we meet, we are both kin and joking-partners, and the two countries are joined.

kuku:
Ngayku kambanmu mula-mula wawubaja yindu-ngu manyarr-bungan; ngali muru nyaji-way, ngali mula-mula kambanmu baja, jambul bubu muru-man.

analysis:
ngayku kambanmu mula-mula wawubaja yindu-ngu manyarr-bunga-ny; ngali muru nyaji-way, ngali mula-mula kambanmu baja, jambul bubu muru-ma-ny | my cross.cousin kin-kin river-across-toward wife-CAUS-PAST; we together see-RECIP, we kin-kin cross.cousin too, two country together-INCHO-PAST

words_used:
["ngayku", "kambanmu", "mula", "wawubaja", "warral", "manyarr", "ngali", "muru", "nyajil", "jambul", "bubu"]


frame: teaching
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.85
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:39:52.859142+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T08:42:20.405996+00:00
english:
The old man said: a person alone is nothing — the mother carries you, the father names you, the grandparents know you, the children remember you; hold your kin close, for they are your country, your law, and your name.

kuku:
Mukul-dingkarangka balkan: bama nyubun kari-kari — ngamungku yundu karrbal, nganjan-angka yundu burri dayal, kami babi yundu binal, karrkay-karrkay yundu milka-nga karrbal; nyungu mula-mula dandi karrba, jana yundu bubu, yundu kuku, yundu burri.

analysis:
mukul-dingkar-angka balka-ny: bama nyubun kari-kari — ngamu-ngku yundu karrba-l, nganjan-angka yundu burri daya-l, kami babi yundu binal, karrkay-karrkay yundu milka-nga karrba-l; nyungu mula-mula dandi karrba, jana yundu bubu, yundu kuku, yundu burri | old-man-ERG say-PAST: person one nothing — mother-ERG you hold-NONPAST, father-ERG you name give-NONPAST, grandfather grandmother you know, child-child you mind-LOC hold-NONPAST; your kin-kin firm hold.IMP, they your country, your law, your name

words_used:
["mukul", "dingkar", "balkal", "bama", "nyubun", "kari", "ngamu", "yundu", "karrbal", "nganjan", "burri", "daya", "kami", "babi", "binal", "karrkay", "milka", "mula", "dandi", "bubu", "kuku"]

evidence:
POTENT ERG ngamu-ngku, nganjan-angka; milka-nga LOC 'in mind'; kari-kari 'nothing'; closing kin-charter


english: I speared the fish; the old man saw me; he gave the meat to me; and I carried it back to my camp.
frame: micro_narrative
words_used: ["ngayu", "kuyu", "damal", "mukul", "dingkar", "nganya", "nyajil", "minya", "bayan", "wundil"]
loans_used: []
evidence: 1sg paradigm: ngayu NOM, nganya ACC, ngaykunku DAT, ngayku POSS (Table 3.6)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:54:26.003334+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:05:17.327657+00:00
kuku:
Ngayu kuyu daman; mukul-dingkarangka nganya nyajin; nyulu minya ngaykunku dayan; ngayu ngayku bayanka wundinda.

analysis:
ngayu kuyu dama-ny; mukul-dingkar-angka nganya nyaji-ny; nyulu minya ngaykunku daya-ny; ngayu ngayku bayan-ka wundi-ny-da | I fish spear-PAST; old-man-ERG me see-PAST; he meat me.DAT give-PAST; I my house-DAT bring-PAST-then


frame: everyday
words_used: ["yundu", "wawubaja", "dungay", "ngayu", "wukurril", "kalka", "balji", "kuyu", "yajin"]
loans_used: []
evidence: 2sg paradigm: yundu NOM, yununy ACC, yununku DAT, yunu POSS
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:54:26.003334+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:05:17.327657+00:00
english:
You went to the river; I followed you; I gave the spear to you; and now your dilly bag is full of fish.

kuku:
Yundu wawubajanga dungan; ngayu yununy wukurrin; ngayu kalka yununku dayan; yunu balji kuyu-bu yajin.

analysis:
yundu wawubaja-nga dunga-ny; ngayu yununy wukurri-ny; ngayu kalka yununku daya-ny; yunu balji kuyu-bu yajin | you river-LOC go-PAST; I you follow-PAST; I spear you.DAT give-PAST; your dillybag fish-INST full


english: He hunted all day; the dog ran with him; the old woman was angry at him; and his spear was broken.
frame: micro_narrative
words_used: ["nyulu", "wungar", "balbi", "kaya", "warri", "mukul", "kuli", "kalka", "murrngal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: 3sg paradigm: nyulu NOM, nyungunji COMIT, nyungunku DAT (emotion stimulus), nyungu POSS
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:54:26.003334+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:05:17.327657+00:00
kuku:
Nyulu wungar-wungar balbin; kaya nyungunji warrin; mukulungku nyungunku kuli-man; nyungu kalka murrnga-jin.

analysis:
nyulu wungar-wungar balbi-ny; kaya nyungunji warri-ny; mukul-ungku nyungunku kuli-ma-ny; nyungu kalka murrnga-ji-ny | he day-day hunt-PAST; dog him.COMIT run-PAST; old.woman-ERG him.DAT rage-INCHO-PAST; his spear break-MID-PAST


kuku: Ngayku yaba ngali balbi dungan; ngali kadar daman; minya ngalinga; ngali muru daji-way.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["ngayku", "yaba", "ngali", "balbi", "dungay", "kadar", "damal", "minya", "muru", "dajil"]
loans_used: []
evidence: 1du EXCLUSIVE: ngali NOM ('we two, not you'), ngalinga POSS; RECIP daji-way
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:54:26.003334+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:05:17.327657+00:00
english:
My brother and I went hunting; we two speared a wallaby; the meat is ours; we two will share it between us.

analysis:
ngayku yaba ngali balbi dunga-ny; ngali kadar dama-ny; minya ngalinga; ngali muru daji-way | my brother we.two.EXC hunt go-PAST; we.two wallaby spear-PAST; meat ours.EXC; we.two together share-RECIP


frame: everyday
loans_used: []
evidence: 1du INCLUSIVE: ngaliny NOM ('you and I'), ngalinyan ACC; contrast with exclusive ngali
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:54:26.003334+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:05:17.327657+00:00
english:
You and I will go to the water together; we two will catch fish; the old people will wait for us; and we will bring the food back.

kuku:
Yundu ngayu, ngaliny wawubajanga muru dungay; ngaliny kuyu karrbanka; mukul-mukul ngalinyan bundal; ngaliny mayi wundil baja.

analysis:
yundu ngayu, ngaliny wawubaja-nga muru dunga-y; ngaliny kuyu karrba-nka; mukul-mukul ngalinyan bunda-l; ngaliny mayi wundi-l baja | you I, we.two.INC river-LOC together go-NONPAST; we.two catch fish-PURP; old-old us.two.INC wait-NONPAST; we.two food bring-NONPAST again

words_used:
["yundu", "ngayu", "ngaliny", "wawubaja", "muru", "dungay", "kuyu", "karrbal", "mukul", "mayi", "wundil"]


frame: everyday
words_used: ["yubal", "bubu", "wangkar", "kaday", "ngayu", "nyajil", "bana", "bayan", "ngayku", "ngundu"]
loans_used: []
evidence: 2du paradigm: yubal NOM, yubalan ACC, yubalanka DAT, yubalanga POSS
status: accepted
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:54:26.003334+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:05:17.327657+00:00
english:
You two came from the mountains; I saw you two at the river; I gave water to you two; and your camp is near mine.

kuku:
Yubal bubu wangkara-muny kadan; ngayu yubalan wawubajanga nyajin; ngayu bana yubalanka dayan; yubalanga bayan ngayku ngundu.

analysis:
yubal bubu wangkar-a-muny kada-ny; ngayu yubalan wawubaja-nga nyaji-ny; ngayu bana yubalanka daya-ny; yubalanga bayan ngayku ngundu | you.two mountain-ABL come-PAST; I you.two river-LOC see-PAST; I water you.two.DAT give-PAST; your.two house my near


frame: micro_narrative
loans_used: []
evidence: 3du paradigm: bula NOM, bulanga POSS, bulanji COMIT, bulanka DAT
status: accepted
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:54:26.003334+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:05:17.327657+00:00
english:
The two women dug for roots; their two dogs sat with them; I brought meat to the two of them; and they cooked it for the children.

kuku:
Bula jalbu bangkan bakan; bulanga kaya jambul bulanji bundan; ngayu minya bulanka wundin; bula karrkay-karrkayka wajun.

analysis:
bula jalbu bangkan baka-ny; bulanga kaya jambul bulanji bunda-ny; ngayu minya bulanka wundi-ny; bula karrkay-karrkay-ka waju-ny | they.two woman root dig-PAST; their.two dog two them.two.COMIT sit-PAST; I meat them.two.DAT bring-PAST; they.two child-child-DAT cook-PAST

words_used:
["bula", "jalbu", "bangkan", "bakal", "kaya", "jambul", "bunday", "ngayu", "minya", "wundil", "karrkay", "wajul"]


frame: teaching
words_used: ["ngana", "wubul", "nyiku", "bubu", "mukul", "binal", "mayi", "daya", "karrkay", "karrbal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: 1pl INCLUSIVE: ngana NOM, nganangan ACC, ngananka DAT, ngananga POSS
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:54:26.003334+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:05:17.327657+00:00
english:
All of us belong to this country; the old ones taught us; the country feeds us; and we will keep it for our children.

kuku:
Ngana wubul nyiku bubu-mu; mukul-mukulungku nganangan binal-bungan; bubu ngananka mayi dayal; ngana bubu ngananga karrkay-karrkayka karrbal.

analysis:
ngana wubul nyiku bubu-mu; mukul-mukul-ungku nganangan binal-bunga-ny; bubu ngananka mayi daya-l; ngana bubu ngananga karrkay-karrkay-ka karrba-l | we.all.INC all this country-POSS; old-old-ERG us.all teach-CAUS-PAST; country us.all.DAT food give-NONPAST; we.all country our child-child-DAT hold-NONPAST


frame: question
loans_used: []
evidence: 1pl EXCLUSIVE nganjin (vs inclusive ngana); 2pl yurra/yurrangan ACC/yurranka DAT
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:54:26.003334+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:05:17.327657+00:00
english:
Where did your people go? We (not you) went to the ceremony in the north; they did not invite you; but we brought back gifts for you all.

kuku:
Wanja nyungu bama dungan? Nganjin kuwa bubu-mundu dungan; jana yurrangan kari kunjan; yambada nganjin yurranka mayi wundinda.

analysis:
wanja nyungu bama dunga-ny? nganjin kuwa bubu-mundu dunga-ny; jana yurrangan kari kunja-ny; yambada nganjin yurranka mayi wundi-ny-da | where your people go-PAST? we.EXC NW country-toward go-PAST; they you.all NEG call-PAST; but we.EXC you.all.DAT gift bring-PAST-then

words_used:
["wanja", "nyungu", "bama", "dungay", "nganjin", "kuwa", "bubu", "jana", "yurra", "kari", "kunjal", "mayi", "wundil"]


frame: imperative_chain
loans_used: []
evidence: 2pl: yurra NOM, yurranga POSS, yurranka DAT; milka-bu nyaji 'listen'
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:54:26.003334+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:05:17.327657+00:00
english:
You all, listen to me! Your fathers gave this country to you; you must hold it, teach your children, and never let it go.

kuku:
Yurra nganya milkabu nyaji! Yurranga nganjan-karra nyiku bubu yurranka dayan; yurra karrbal, yurranga karrkay-karrkay binal-bungal, kariku bawal.

analysis:
yurra nganya milka-bu nyaji! yurranga nganjan-karra nyiku bubu yurranka daya-ny; yurra karrba-l, yurranga karrkay-karrkay binal-bunga-l, kariku bawa-l | you.all me ear-INST hear.IMP! your.all father-PL this country you.all.DAT give-PAST; you.all hold-NONPAST, your.all child-child teach-CAUS-NONPAST, NEG leave-NONPAST

words_used:
["yurra", "nganya", "milka", "nyajil", "nganjan", "nyiku", "bubu", "karrbal", "karrkay", "binal", "kari", "bawal"]


frame: micro_narrative
loans_used: []
evidence: 3pl: jana NOM, jananda LOC ('on them'), ngananka 1pl.DAT ('to us'); ngaki-ji REFL
status: accepted
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:54:26.003334+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:05:17.327657+00:00
english:
They walked all night; the rain fell on them; they hid by the rocks; and in the morning they came back to us.

kuku:
Jana wujurr yalbay jilban; bana jananda daran; jana kulji ngundu ngakiji; wunkun jana ngananka kada baja.

analysis:
jana wujurr yalbay jilba-ny; bana jananda dara-ny; jana kulji ngundu ngaki-ji; wunkun jana ngananka kada baja | they.all night big walk-PAST; water them.LOC fall-PAST; they.all stone near hide-REFL; morning they.all us.DAT come again

words_used:
["jana", "wujurr", "yalbay", "jilbay", "bana", "daray", "kulji", "ngundu", "ngakil", "wunkun", "kaday"]


frame: micro_narrative
loans_used: []
evidence: 1sg ABL ngaykundumuny ('from my place') + COMIT ngaykunji ('with me')
status: accepted
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:54:26.003334+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:05:17.327657+00:00
english:
The old man came from my place with me; he stayed in my camp; I gave him my own spear; and he taught me the songs of the country.

kuku:
Mukul-dingkar ngaykundumuny ngaykunji kadan; nyulu ngayku bayanba bundan; ngayu nyulu ngayku kalka dayan; nyulu nganya burri bubu-mu binal-bungan.

analysis:
mukul-dingkar ngaykundumuny ngaykunji kada-ny; nyulu ngayku bayan-ba bunda-ny; ngayu nyulu ngayku kalka daya-ny; nyulu nganya burri bubu-mu binal-bunga-ny | old-man my.ABL my.COMIT come-PAST; he my house-LOC sit-PAST; I him my spear give-PAST; he me song country-POSS teach-CAUS-PAST

words_used:
["mukul", "dingkar", "kaday", "nyulu", "ngayku", "bayan", "bunday", "ngayu", "kalka", "daya", "nganya", "burri", "bubu", "binal"]


english: Whose child is crying? It is his child; give the food to him; his wife has gone to the river.
kuku: Wanya-mu karrkay badil? Nyulu nyungu kangkal; mayi nyungunku daya; nyungu biwar wawubajanga dungan.
frame: question
loans_used: []
evidence: wanya-mu 'whose' (POSS interrog); nyungu 3sg.POSS; nyungunku 3sg.DAT
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:54:26.003334+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:05:17.327657+00:00
analysis:
wanya-mu karrkay badi-l? nyulu nyungu kangkal; mayi nyungunku daya; nyungu biwar wawubaja-nga dunga-ny | whose child cry-NONPAST? it his child; food him.DAT give.IMP; his wife river-LOC go-PAST

words_used:
["wanya", "karrkay", "badi", "nyulu", "nyungu", "kangkal", "mayi", "daya", "biwar", "wawubaja", "dungay"]


frame: teaching
loans_used: []
evidence: 1du.INC ngaliny + ngalinyan ACC; wula-ny-muny ABL 'after I die'; yunu 2sg.POSS
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:54:26.003334+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:05:17.327657+00:00
english:
You and I are one people; this country holds us both; when I am gone you will carry it, and when you are gone your children will carry it.

kuku:
Ngaliny nyubun bama; nyiku bubu ngalinyan karrbal; ngayu wula-ny-muny yundu karrbal, yundu wula-ny-muny yunu karrkay-karrkay karrbal.

analysis:
ngaliny nyubun bama; nyiku bubu ngalinyan karrba-l; ngayu wula-ny-muny yundu karrba-l, yundu wula-ny-muny yunu karrkay-karrkay karrba-l | we.two.INC one people; this country us.two hold-NONPAST; I die-PAST-ABL you hold-NONPAST, you die-PAST-ABL your child-child hold-NONPAST

words_used:
["ngaliny", "nyubun", "bama", "nyiku", "bubu", "karrbal", "ngayu", "wulay", "yundu", "yunu", "karrkay"]


frame: everyday
words_used: ["bula", "dingkar", "kunil", "ngayu", "jambul", "janay", "kalka", "manil", "bayan", "yungal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: 3du: bulandamuny ABL ('from them two'), bulangan ACC; kuni-wan RECIP (ABS subject)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:54:26.003334+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:05:17.327657+00:00
english:
The two men fought each other; I stood between them; I took the spear from them; and I sent them both home.

kuku:
Bula dingkar kuni-wan; ngayu bula jambul-bu janan; ngayu kalka bulandamuny manin; ngayu bulangan bayan-mundu yungan.

analysis:
bula dingkar kuni-wan; ngayu bula jambul-bu jana-ny; ngayu kalka bulandamuny mani-ny; ngayu bulangan bayan-mundu yunga-ny | they.two man fight-RECIP.PAST; I them.two two-LOC stand-PAST; I spear them.two.ABL take-PAST; I them.two.ACC house-toward send-PAST


frame: question
loans_used: []
evidence: 1sg/2sg interplay: nganya ACC ↔ yununy ACC; wanyurrinku 'why'
status: accepted
confidence: 0.88
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:54:26.003334+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:05:17.327657+00:00
english:
Did you see me at the ceremony? Yes, I saw you, but you did not speak to me; why did you leave before me?

kuku:
Yundu nganya nyajin bubu-ngu? Yuwu, ngayu yununy nyajin, yambada yundu nganya kari balkan; wanyurrinku yundu ngadiku dungan?

analysis:
yundu nganya nyaji-ny bubu-ngu? yuwu, ngayu yununy nyaji-ny, yambada yundu nganya kari balka-ny; wanyurrinku yundu ngadiku dunga-ny? | you me see-PAST ceremony-LOC? yes, I you see-PAST, but you me NEG speak-PAST; why you first go-PAST?

words_used:
["yundu", "nganya", "nyajil", "bubu", "yuwu", "ngayu", "yununy", "kari", "balkal", "wanyurrinku", "ngadiku", "dungay"]


frame: everyday
loans_used: []
evidence: 1pl.EXC nganjin; 3pl COMIT jananji ('with them'); nyaji-way/daji-way RECIP
status: revised
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:54:26.003334+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T10:14:40.074257+00:00
english:
We (my family, not you) live on this side of the river; they live on the other side; the two groups meet at the ford; and we trade meat with them.

kuku:
Nganjin nyiku wawubaja-nga wunan; jana yindu-ngu wunan; jambul bama muru nyaji-way bana-ngundu; nganjin jananji minya daji-way.

analysis:
nganjin nyiku wawubaja-nga wuna-ny; jana yindu-ngu wuna-ny; jambul bama muru nyaji-way bana-ngundu; nganjin jananji minya daji-way | we.EXC this river-side live-PAST; they.all other-side live-PAST; two group together meet-RECIP water-near; we.EXC them.COMIT meat trade-RECIP

words_used:
["nganjin", "nyiku", "wawubaja", "warral", "wunay", "jana", "yindu", "jambul", "bama", "muru", "nyajil", "bana", "ngundu", "minya", "dajil"]


frame: teaching
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.85
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:54:26.003334+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:05:17.327657+00:00
english:
The old man said: respect the one who feeds you, listen to the one who taught you, and remember those who came before you — for without them you are nothing.

kuku:
Mukul-dingkarangka balkan: nyulu yununy mayi dayal dandi karrba, nyulu yununy binal-bungan milkabu nyaji, jana yununy ngadiku kada milka-nga karrba — jana-kari yundu kari-kari.

analysis:
mukul-dingkar-angka balka-ny: nyulu yununy mayi daya-l dandi karrba, nyulu yununy binal-bunga-ny milka-bu nyaji, jana yununy ngadiku kada milka-nga karrba — jana-kari yundu kari-kari | old-man-ERG say-PAST: he you food give-NONPAST firm hold.IMP, he you teach-CAUS-PAST ear-INST hear.IMP, they you first come mind-LOC hold.IMP — them-PRIV you nothing

words_used:
["mukul", "dingkar", "balkal", "nyulu", "yununy", "mayi", "daya", "dandi", "karrbal", "binal", "milka", "nyajil", "jana", "ngadiku", "kaday", "kari"]

evidence:
yununy 2sg.ACC as object of the elders' care; jana-kari PRIV 'without them'; milka-nga LOC 'in mind'


frame: everyday
loans_used: []
evidence: 1sg LOC ngaykundu (goal 'to me'); nganya ACC
status: accepted
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:54:26.003334+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:05:17.327657+00:00
english:
The dog came to me, the child ran to me, and the old woman called out to me — I am never alone in this camp.

kuku:
Kaya ngaykundu kadan, karrkay ngaykundu warrin, mukulungku nganya yirrkan — ngayu kariku nyubun nyiku bayanba.

analysis:
kaya ngaykundu kada-ny, karrkay ngaykundu warri-ny, mukul-ungku nganya yirrka-ny — ngayu kariku nyubun nyiku bayan-ba | dog me.LOC come-PAST, child me.LOC run-PAST, old.woman-ERG me call-PAST — I NEG alone this house-LOC

words_used:
["kaya", "ngayku", "kaday", "karrkay", "warri", "mukul", "nganya", "yirrkay", "ngayu", "kari", "nyubun", "nyiku", "bayan"]


frame: teaching
loans_used: []
evidence: 1pl.INC POSS ngananga (repeated 'ours'); bubu-muny ABL; dakwuy 'hungry'
status: accepted
confidence: 0.85
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:54:26.003334+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:05:17.327657+00:00
english:
The old woman said: we all came from one mother-country; the rivers are ours, the animals are ours, the law is ours — so we share, and no one among us goes hungry.

kuku:
Mukulungku balkan: ngana wubul nyubun bubu-muny kadan; wawubaja ngananga, minya ngananga, kuku ngananga — ngana daji-way, bama nyubun ngananga-nga kariku dakwuy.

analysis:
mukul-ungku balka-ny: ngana wubul nyubun bubu-muny kada-ny; wawubaja ngananga, minya ngananga, kuku ngananga — ngana daji-way, bama nyubun ngananga-nga kariku dakwuy | old.woman-ERG say-PAST: we.all one mother-country-ABL come-PAST; river ours, animal ours, law ours — we share-RECIP, person one us-among NEG hungry

words_used:
["mukul", "balkal", "ngana", "wubul", "nyubun", "bubu", "kaday", "wawubaja", "minya", "kuku", "dajil", "bama", "kari", "dakwuy"]


english: I gave my brother my spear, but he lost it in the river, so now I hunt with his old one.
frame: everyday
loans_used: []
evidence: yaba-nda potent LOC (recipient); nyungu 3sg.POSS 'his'; mukul-ji COMIT 'with the old one'
status: accepted
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:54:26.003334+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:05:17.327657+00:00
kuku:
Ngayu ngayku yaba-nda ngayku kalka dayan, yambada nyulu wawubajanga bawan, ngayu nyungu kalka mukul-ji balbil.

analysis:
ngayu ngayku yaba-nda ngayku kalka daya-ny, yambada nyulu wawubaja-nga bawa-ny, ngayu nyungu kalka mukul-ji balbi-l | I my elder.brother.LOC my spear give-PAST, but he river-LOC lose-PAST, I his spear old-COMIT hunt-NONPAST

words_used:
["ngayu", "ngayku", "yaba", "kalka", "daya", "wawubaja", "bawal", "nyulu", "nyungu", "mukul", "balbi"]


kuku: Yubal ngalinji kada? Yuwu, ngali yurrangan bubu wangkara wukurril, ngali yurranji yinyabu bundal.
frame: question
words_used: ["yubal", "kaday", "yuwu", "ngali", "yurra", "bubu", "wangkar", "wukurril", "yinya", "bunday"]
loans_used: []
evidence: ngalinji 1du.EXC COMIT; yurrangan 2pl ACC; yurranji 2pl COMIT
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:54:26.003334+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:05:17.327657+00:00
english:
Are you two coming with us? Yes, we two will follow you all to the mountain, and we will camp with you there.

analysis:
yubal ngalinji kada? yuwu, ngali yurrangan bubu wangkar-a wukurri-l, ngali yurranji yinya-bu bunda-l | you.two us.two.COMIT come? yes, we.two you.all follow-NONPAST mountain, we.two you.all.COMIT there-LOC camp-NONPAST


frame: micro_narrative
words_used: ["bula", "karrkay", "ngamu", "badi", "nyulu", "warri", "kaday", "mayi", "daya", "karrbal", "wunay"]
loans_used: []
evidence: 3du: bulanda LOC ('to them'), bulangan ACC; ngamu-nka DAT; wuna-nyjiku SUCC
status: accepted
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:54:26.003334+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:05:17.327657+00:00
english:
The two children cried for their mother; she came to them quickly; she fed them and held them until they slept.

kuku:
Bula karrkay ngamu-nka badin; nyulu bulanda warri kadan; nyulu bulanka mayi dayan, bulangan karrban jana wuna-nyjiku.

analysis:
bula karrkay ngamu-nka badi-ny; nyulu bulanda warri kada-ny; nyulu bulanka mayi daya-ny, bulangan karrba-ny jana wuna-nyjiku | they.two child mother-DAT cry-PAST; she them.two.LOC fast come-PAST; she them.two.DAT food give-PAST, them.two.ACC hold-PAST they sleep-SUCC


frame: teaching
loans_used: []
evidence: POSS chain ngayku/yunu + DAT yununku/bubu-nku; the sharing charter
status: accepted
confidence: 0.85
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:54:26.003334+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:05:17.327657+00:00
english:
The old man said: what is mine is yours, what is yours is the children's, and what is the children's belongs to the country — nothing belongs to one person alone.

kuku:
Mukul-dingkarangka balkan: ngayku minya yununku, yunu minya karrkay-karrkayka, karrkay-karrkay-amu minya bubu-nku — nyubun bama-nka wubul kari.

analysis:
mukul-dingkar-angka balka-ny: ngayku minya yununku, yunu minya karrkay-karrkay-ka, karrkay-karrkay-amu minya bubu-nku — nyubun bama-nka wubul kari | old-man-ERG say-PAST: my meat you.DAT, your meat child-child-DAT, child-child-POSS meat country-DAT — one person-DAT much NEG

words_used:
["mukul", "dingkar", "balkal", "ngayku", "minya", "yunu", "karrkay", "bubu", "nyubun", "bama", "wubul", "kari"]


frame: everyday
loans_used: []
evidence: 1sg/2sg ACC interplay; ngaykundu LOC 'beside me'; biji-nga 'behind' (tail-LOC)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:54:26.003334+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:05:17.327657+00:00
english:
You followed me all day; I did not see you behind me; when I stopped, you sat down beside me and laughed.

kuku:
Yundu nganya wungar-wungar wukurrin; ngayu yununy biji-nga kari nyajin; ngayu janan-nya, yundu ngaykundu bundan yajarrin.

analysis:
yundu nganya wungar-wungar wukurri-ny; ngayu yununy biji-nga kari nyaji-ny; ngayu jana-ny-nya, yundu ngaykundu bunda-ny yajarri-ny | you me day-day follow-PAST; I you behind-LOC NEG see-PAST; I stop-PAST-SUB, you me.LOC sit-PAST laugh-PAST

words_used:
["yundu", "nganya", "wungar", "wukurril", "ngayu", "yununy", "biji", "kari", "nyajil", "janay", "bunday", "yajarr"]


frame: micro_narrative
loans_used: []
evidence: 1pl.EXC nganjin + nganjinanka DAT; ngananga POSS; ngulkurr-ma-ny INCHO 'were glad'
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:54:26.003334+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:05:17.327657+00:00
english:
We (not you) went far to the north; we hunted many days; the country was different to us; and we were glad to come back to our own place.

kuku:
Nganjin kala-kalbay kuwa-mundu dungan; nganjin wungar wubul balbin; bubu nganjinanka yindu; nganjin ngananga bubu-mundu kada baja, ngulkurr-man.

analysis:
nganjin kala-kalbay kuwa-mundu dunga-ny; nganjin wungar wubul balbi-ny; bubu nganjinanka yindu; nganjin ngananga bubu-mundu kada baja, ngulkurr-ma-ny | we.EXC far NW-toward go-PAST; we.EXC day many hunt-PAST; country us.EXC.DAT different; we.EXC our place-toward come again, good-INCHO-PAST

words_used:
["nganjin", "kala-kalbay", "kuwa", "dungay", "wungar", "wubul", "balbi", "bubu", "yindu", "ngana", "kaday", "ngulkurr"]


frame: question
loans_used: []
evidence: kalnga-ji COMIT; 3du bula NOM + bulanka DAT; kada-nya SUB 'when they come'
status: accepted
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:54:26.003334+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:05:17.327657+00:00
english:
Where is your father? He went with my uncle; the two of them will come back tomorrow; bring the meat to them when they arrive.

kuku:
Wanja nyungu nganjan? Nyulu ngayku kalnga-ji dungan; bula wunkun kada baja; minya bulanka wundi bula kada-nya.

analysis:
wanja nyungu nganjan? nyulu ngayku kalnga-ji dunga-ny; bula wunkun kada baja; minya bulanka wundi bula kada-nya | where your father? he my uncle-COMIT go-PAST; they.two tomorrow come again; meat them.two.DAT bring.IMP they.two come-SUB

words_used:
["wanja", "nyungu", "nganjan", "nyulu", "ngayku", "kalnga", "dungay", "bula", "wunkun", "kaday", "minya", "wundil"]


frame: teaching
loans_used: []
evidence: generational chain of pronouns; ngananda 1pl.LOC 'through us'; murrnga-ji MIDDLE
status: accepted
confidence: 0.85
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:54:26.003334+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:05:17.327657+00:00
english:
The grandmother said: I taught your mother, your mother taught you, and you will teach your daughter — through us the knowledge comes down unbroken.

kuku:
Babingka balkan: ngayu yunu ngamu binal-bungan, yunu ngamungku yununy binal-bungan, yundu yunu kangkal binal-bungal — ngananda binal bada dungay kari murrnga-ji.

analysis:
babi-ngka balka-ny: ngayu yunu ngamu binal-bunga-ny, yunu ngamu-ngku yununy binal-bunga-ny, yundu yunu kangkal binal-bunga-l — ngananda binal bada dunga-y kari murrnga-ji | grandmother-ERG say-PAST: I your mother teach-CAUS-PAST, your mother-ERG you teach-CAUS-PAST, you your child teach-CAUS-NONPAST — us.LOC knowledge down go-NONPAST NEG break-MID

words_used:
["babi", "balkal", "ngayu", "yunu", "ngamu", "binal", "yununy", "yundu", "kangkal", "bada", "dungay", "kari", "murrngal"]


frame: micro_narrative
loans_used: []
evidence: 1pl.INC across cases: nganangan ACC, ngananka DAT, ngana NOM, ngananga POSS; jananda 3pl.LOC
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:54:26.003334+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:05:17.327657+00:00
english:
The old people sat around us; they told us the stories; we listened to them all night; and in the morning we knew our country.

kuku:
Mukul-mukul nganangan ngundu bundan; jana ngananka kuku balkan; ngana jananda milkabu nyajin wujurr yalbay; wunkun ngana ngananga bubu binalman.

analysis:
mukul-mukul nganangan ngundu bunda-ny; jana ngananka kuku balka-ny; ngana jananda milka-bu nyaji-ny wujurr yalbay; wunkun ngana ngananga bubu binal-ma-ny | old-old us.all around sit-PAST; they.all us.DAT word tell-PAST; we.all them.LOC ear-INST hear-PAST night big; morning we.all our country know-INCHO-PAST

words_used:
["mukul", "nganangan", "ngundu", "bunday", "jana", "kuku", "balkal", "ngana", "milka", "nyajil", "wujurr", "yalbay", "wunkun", "bubu", "binal"]


frame: everyday
loans_used: []
evidence: 2du: yubalanga POSS, yubalanda LOC; 1sg COMIT ngaykunji ('with me')
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:54:26.003334+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:05:17.327657+00:00
english:
You two built a good camp; I saw your fire from far off; I came to you two at dusk; and you shared your food with me.

kuku:
Yubal bayan ngulkurr ngaran; ngayu yubalanga baya kala-kalbay-muny nyajin; ngayu yubalanda kadan wungar bada-nya; yubal ngaykunji mayi daji-way.

analysis:
yubal bayan ngulkurr ngara-ny; ngayu yubalanga baya kala-kalbay-muny nyaji-ny; ngayu yubalanda kada-ny wungar bada-nya; yubal ngaykunji mayi daji-way | you.two house good build-PAST; I your.two fire far-ABL see-PAST; I you.two.LOC come-PAST sun down-SUB; you.two me.COMIT food share-RECIP

words_used:
["yubal", "bayan", "ngulkurr", "ngaral", "ngayu", "baya", "kala-kalbay", "nyajil", "kaday", "wungar", "bada", "mayi", "dajil"]


frame: everyday
words_used: ["kaya", "nganya", "bayan", "wukurril", "nyulu", "wunay", "wunkun", "balbi", "yinya", "ngayku"]
loans_used: []
evidence: 1sg forms clustered: nganya ACC, ngaykundu LOC, ngaykunji COMIT, ngayku POSS ('mine')
status: accepted
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:54:26.003334+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:05:17.327657+00:00
english:
The dog followed me home; it slept beside me; in the morning it hunted with me; that dog is mine now.

kuku:
Kaya nganya bayan-mundu wukurrin; nyulu ngaykundu wunan; wunkun nyulu ngaykunji balbin; yinya kaya ngayku.

analysis:
kaya nganya bayan-mundu wukurri-ny; nyulu ngaykundu wuna-ny; wunkun nyulu ngaykunji balbi-ny; yinya kaya ngayku | dog me house-toward follow-PAST; it me.LOC sleep-PAST; morning it me.COMIT hunt-PAST; that dog mine


frame: teaching
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.85
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:54:26.003334+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:05:17.327657+00:00
english:
The old man said: do not think only of yourself; think of your brothers, your children, and your people; such a person becomes small and alone.

kuku:
Mukul-dingkarangka balkan: yundu kari nganga yununy milka-bu bayka; yunu yaba-karra, yunu karrkay-karrkay, yunu bama milka-bu bayka; yinya bama buban-mal nyubun-mal.

analysis:
mukul-dingkar-angka balka-ny: yundu kari nganga yununy milka-bu bayka; yunu yaba-karra, yunu karrkay-karrkay, yunu bama milka-bu bayka; yinya bama buban-ma-l nyubun-ma-l | old-man-ERG say-PAST: you NEG only yourself ear-INST bite.IMP(=think); your brother-PL, your child-child, your people ear-INST bite.IMP(=think); that person small-INCHO-NONPAST one-INCHO-NONPAST

words_used:
["mukul", "dingkar", "balkal", "yundu", "kari", "yunu", "nganga", "milka", "bayka", "yaba", "karrkay", "bama", "buban", "nyubun"]

evidence:
milka-bu bayka 'think' (dict 'milkabu baykal', lit. bite-with-ear); yununy 2sg.ACC as reflexive object; buban-ma-l 'become small'


frame: question
words_used: ["jana", "minya", "daya", "kari", "nyulu", "dajil", "ngali", "muru", "nukal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: DAT contrast across persons: yununku(2sg) / nyungunku(3sg) / ngaykunku(1sg); ngaykunji COMIT
status: accepted
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:54:26.003334+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:05:17.327657+00:00
english:
Did they give you the meat? No, they gave it to him, not to me; but he shared it with me, so we ate together.

kuku:
Jana yununku minya dayan? Kari, jana nyungunku dayan, kari ngaykunku; yambada nyulu ngaykunji daji-way, ngali muru nukan.

analysis:
jana yununku minya daya-ny? kari, jana nyungunku daya-ny, kari ngaykunku; yambada nyulu ngaykunji daji-way, ngali muru nuka-ny | they.all you.DAT meat give-PAST? no, they.all him.DAT give-PAST, NEG me.DAT; but he me.COMIT share-RECIP, we.two together eat-PAST


frame: everyday
loans_used: []
evidence: 3pl jana/jananga; 1pl.INC ngana/ngananga; ngubar-muny ABL 'from the other side'
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:54:26.003334+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:05:17.327657+00:00
english:
They came from the other side of the river; we did not know them; but they spoke our language, so we welcomed them and fed them.

kuku:
Jana ngubar-muny kadan; ngana janangan kari binalman; yambada jana ngananga kuku balkan, ngana jananga ngulkurr-bungan, jana mayi dayan.

analysis:
jana ngubar-muny kada-ny; ngana janangan kari binal-ma-ny; yambada jana ngananga kuku balka-ny, ngana jananga ngulkurr-bunga-ny, jana mayi daya-ny | they.all other.side-ABL come-PAST; we.all them NEG know-INCHO-PAST; but they.all our language speak-PAST, we.all them good-CAUS-PAST, they.all food give-PAST

words_used:
["jana", "ngubar", "kaday", "ngana", "kari", "binal", "kuku", "balkal", "ngananga", "ngulkurr", "mayi", "daya"]


frame: everyday
loans_used: []
evidence: benefactive DAT yununku/ngaykunku; 1du.INC ngaliny 'you and I'
status: accepted
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:54:26.003334+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:05:17.327657+00:00
english:
I carried water for you; you carried wood for me; together we made the fire; and we cooked the fish we caught.

kuku:
Ngayu yununku bana wundin; yundu ngaykunku juku wundin; ngaliny muru baya jakalamban; ngaliny kuyu karrban wajun.

analysis:
ngayu yununku bana wundi-ny; yundu ngaykunku juku wundi-ny; ngaliny muru baya jakalamba-ny; ngaliny kuyu karrba-ny waju-ny | I you.DAT water carry-PAST; you me.DAT wood carry-PAST; we.two.INC together fire start-PAST; we.two fish catch-PAST cook-PAST

words_used:
["ngayu", "bana", "wundil", "yundu", "juku", "ngaliny", "muru", "baya", "jakalambal", "kuyu", "karrbal", "wajul"]


frame: teaching
loans_used: []
evidence: 2sg POSS yunu + kin POSS ngamu-mu/nganjan-amu; dual-descent teaching
status: accepted
confidence: 0.85
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:54:26.003334+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:05:17.327657+00:00
english:
The old woman said: you belong to your mother's country and your father's country; both are yours; hold them both, and give them both to your children.

kuku:
Mukulungku balkan: yundu yunu ngamu-mu bubu, yunu nganjan-amu bubu; jambul yunu; yundu jambul karrba, jambul yunu karrkay-karrkayka daya.

analysis:
mukul-ungku balka-ny: yundu yunu ngamu-mu bubu, yunu nganjan-amu bubu; jambul yunu; yundu jambul karrba, jambul yunu karrkay-karrkay-ka daya | old.woman-ERG say-PAST: you your mother-POSS country, your father-POSS country; two yours; you two hold.IMP, two your child-child-DAT give.IMP

words_used:
["mukul", "balkal", "yundu", "yunu", "ngamu", "bubu", "nganjan", "jambul", "karrbal", "karrkay", "daya"]


frame: everyday
loans_used: []
evidence: 1du.INC ngaliny + ngalinyanga POSS ('our two'); division of the hunt
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:54:26.003334+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:05:17.327657+00:00
english:
You and I will hunt together tomorrow; you will track, I will spear; we will carry the meat back to our two camps; and our families will eat well.

kuku:
Ngaliny wunkun muru balbi dungay; yundu jina wukurril, ngayu daman; ngaliny minya ngalinyanga bayan jambul-mundu wundil; ngalinyanga mula-mula jani nukal.

analysis:
ngaliny wunkun muru balbi dunga-y; yundu jina wukurri-l, ngayu dama-l; ngaliny minya ngalinyanga bayan jambul-mundu wundi-l; ngalinyanga mula-mula jani nuka-l | we.two.INC tomorrow together hunt go-NONPAST; you track follow-NONPAST, I spear-NONPAST; we.two meat our.two house two-toward carry-NONPAST; our.two kin-kin well eat-NONPAST

words_used:
["ngaliny", "wunkun", "muru", "balbi", "dungay", "yundu", "jina", "wukurril", "ngayu", "damal", "minya", "bayan", "jambul", "mula", "jani", "nukal"]


frame: question
words_used: ["wanya", "yununy", "burri", "binal", "ngayku", "kami", "nganya", "nyulu", "nyungu", "nganjan"]
loans_used: []
evidence: yununy/nganya ACC across the teaching chain; nganjan-dumuny ABL 'from his father'
status: accepted
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:54:26.003334+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:05:17.327657+00:00
english:
Who taught you the songs? My grandfather taught me; he learned them from his father; and now I will teach them to you.

kuku:
Wanya yununy burri binal-bungan? Ngayku kami nganya binal-bungan; nyulu nyungu nganjan-dumuny binalman; ngayu yununy binal-bungal baja.

analysis:
wanya yununy burri binal-bunga-ny? ngayku kami nganya binal-bunga-ny; nyulu nyungu nganjan-dumuny binal-ma-ny; ngayu yununy binal-bunga-l baja | who you song teach-CAUS-PAST? my grandfather me teach-CAUS-PAST; he his father-ABL learn-INCHO-PAST; I you teach-CAUS-NONPAST again


frame: micro_narrative
loans_used: []
evidence: 3sg object forms: nyunguny ACC, nyungunku DAT, nyungu POSS; ngaykundu 1sg.LOC
status: accepted
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:54:26.003334+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:05:17.327657+00:00
english:
The child ran to me crying; I held her, I spoke softly to her, and I carried her back to her mother.

kuku:
Karrkay ngaykundu badil warrin; ngayu nyunguny karrban, ngayu nyungunku ngulkurr balkan, ngayu nyunguny nyungu ngamu-nka wundinda.

analysis:
karrkay ngaykundu badi-l warri-ny; ngayu nyunguny karrba-ny, ngayu nyungunku ngulkurr balka-ny, ngayu nyunguny nyungu ngamu-nka wundi-ny-da | child me.LOC cry-NONPAST run-PAST; I her hold-PAST, I her.DAT well speak-PAST, I her his/her mother-DAT carry-PAST-then

words_used:
["karrkay", "ngayku", "badi", "warri", "ngayu", "karrbal", "ngulkurr", "balkal", "nyungu", "ngamu", "wundil"]


frame: teaching
loans_used: []
evidence: 1sg ngayu/ngayku/ngaykunku(DAT of emotion); yunundu 2sg.LOC 'in you'; wula-ny-muny ABL
status: accepted
confidence: 0.85
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:54:26.003334+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:05:17.327657+00:00
english:
The old man said: I am old now, my time is short; when I am gone, do not weep for me — carry my name in you, and I will not truly die.

kuku:
Mukul-dingkarangka balkan: ngayu mukul, ngayku wungar buban; ngayu wula-ny-muny, yurra kari ngaykunku badi — ngayku burri yunundu karrba, ngayu kariku wulay.

analysis:
mukul-dingkar-angka balka-ny: ngayu mukul, ngayku wungar buban; ngayu wula-ny-muny, yurra kari ngaykunku badi — ngayku burri yunundu karrba, ngayu kariku wula-y | old-man-ERG say-PAST: I old, my time small; I die-PAST-ABL, you.all NEG me.DAT weep.IMP — my name you.LOC hold.IMP, I NEG die-NONPAST

words_used:
["mukul", "dingkar", "balkal", "ngayu", "wungar", "buban", "wulay", "yurra", "kari", "badi", "burri", "karrbal"]


frame: micro_narrative
loans_used: []
evidence: 3du bula/bulanka(DAT); 1sg ngaykunku DAT; biwar-nka DAT 'for my wife'
status: accepted
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:54:26.003334+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:05:17.327657+00:00
english:
The two women wove baskets together; they sat by the water all day; I brought them food; and they gave me a basket for my wife.

kuku:
Bula jalbu balji muru wukurrin; bula bana ngundu bundan wungar-wungar; ngayu bulanka mayi wundin; bula ngaykunku balji dayan ngayku biwar-nka.

analysis:
bula jalbu balji muru wukurri-ny; bula bana ngundu bunda-ny wungar-wungar; ngayu bulanka mayi wundi-ny; bula ngaykunku balji daya-ny ngayku biwar-nka | they.two woman basket together weave-PAST; they.two water near sit-PAST day-day; I them.two.DAT food bring-PAST; they.two me.DAT basket give-PAST my wife-DAT

words_used:
["bula", "jalbu", "balji", "muru", "wukurril", "bana", "ngundu", "bunday", "wungar", "ngayu", "mayi", "wundil", "biwar"]


frame: everyday
words_used: ["yundu", "buyun", "balkal", "ngayu", "yaba", "yununy", "kari", "nganga", "dungay"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:54:26.003334+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:05:17.327657+00:00
english:
You spoke to me harshly; I was ashamed before you; but you are my elder brother, so I did not answer you, and I went away quietly.

kuku:
Yundu ngaykunku buyun balkan; ngayu yunundu murru-kaday-man; yambada yundu ngayku yaba, ngayu yununy kari balkan, ngayu nganga dungan.

analysis:
yundu ngaykunku buyun balka-ny; ngayu yunundu murru-kaday-ma-ny; yambada yundu ngayku yaba, ngayu yununy kari balka-ny, ngayu nganga dunga-ny | you me.DAT bad speak-PAST; I you.LOC shame-INCHO-PAST; but you my elder.brother, I you NEG answer-PAST, I only go-PAST

evidence:
ngaykunku 1sg.DAT, yunundu 2sg.LOC ('before you'); murru-kaday 'ashamed' (dict); elder-brother respect


frame: teaching
loans_used: []
evidence: 1pl.INC ngana/ngananga/ngananda(LOC 'through us'); women's-knowledge charter
status: accepted
confidence: 0.85
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:54:26.003334+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:05:17.327657+00:00
english:
The grandmother said: we women hold the food-knowledge; we teach it to our daughters, not to the men; through us the children are always fed.

kuku:
Babingka balkan: ngana jalbu mayi-binal karrbal; ngana ngananga kangkal jalbuka binal-bungal, kari dingkarka; ngananda karrkay-karrkay mayi dayal ngadiku-ngadiku.

analysis:
babi-ngka balka-ny: ngana jalbu mayi-binal karrba-l; ngana ngananga kangkal jalbu-ka binal-bunga-l, kari dingkar-ka; ngananda karrkay-karrkay mayi daya-l ngadiku-ngadiku | grandmother-ERG say-PAST: we.all woman food-knowledge hold-NONPAST; we.all our child girl-DAT teach-CAUS-NONPAST, NEG man-DAT; us.LOC child-child food give-NONPAST always

words_used:
["babi", "balkal", "ngana", "jalbu", "mayi", "binal", "karrbal", "kangkal", "dingkar", "kari", "karrkay", "daya", "ngadiku"]


frame: everyday
words_used: ["nganjin", "kuyu", "wubul", "damal", "bana", "ngundu", "wajul", "mukul", "kaday", "jana", "daya"]
loans_used: []
evidence: 1pl.EXC nganjin + nganjinanda LOC ('to us'); jananka 3pl.DAT
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:54:26.003334+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:05:17.327657+00:00
english:
We (my brothers and I) speared many fish; we cooked them by the water; the old people came to us; and we gave the fish to them.

kuku:
Nganjin kuyu wubul daman; nganjin bana ngundu wajun; mukul-mukul nganjinanda kadan; nganjin jananka kuyu dayan.

analysis:
nganjin kuyu wubul dama-ny; nganjin bana ngundu waju-ny; mukul-mukul nganjinanda kada-ny; nganjin jananka kuyu daya-ny | we.EXC fish many spear-PAST; we.EXC water near cook-PAST; old-old us.EXC.LOC come-PAST; we.EXC them.DAT fish give-PAST


frame: question
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:54:26.003334+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:05:17.327657+00:00
english:
Are you all coming to the ceremony? Yes, we will all come; bring your children with you; we will dance together through the night.

kuku:
Yurra bubu-mundu kada? Yuwu, ngana wubul kada; yurranga karrkay-karrkay yurranji wundi; ngana muru wurin wujurr-burr.

analysis:
yurra bubu-mundu kada? yuwu, ngana wubul kada; yurranga karrkay-karrkay yurranji wundi; ngana muru wuri-ny wujurr-burr | you.all ceremony-toward come? yes, we.all all come; your.all child-child you.all.COMIT bring.IMP; we.all together dance-PAST night-PERL

words_used:
["yurra", "bubu", "kaday", "yuwu", "ngana", "wubul", "yurranga", "karrkay", "muru", "wuri", "wujurr"]

evidence:
2pl yurra/yurranga/yurranji(COMIT); 1pl.INC ngana; wuri-y 'dance' (grammar 3663), wujurr-burr PERL 'through the night'


frame: everyday
loans_used: []
evidence: ngalindamuny 1du.EXC ABL ('from us'), jananka 3pl.DAT; generational transmission
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:54:26.003334+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:05:17.327657+00:00
english:
I made a spear for my son; he made a spear for his son; that spear will pass from us to them, down all the generations.

kuku:
Ngayu ngayku kangkalka kalka bungan; nyulu nyungu kangkalka kalka bungan; yinya kalka ngalindamuny jananka dungay, bada mula-mula wubul-burr.

analysis:
ngayu ngayku kangkal-ka kalka bunga-ny; nyulu nyungu kangkal-ka kalka bunga-ny; yinya kalka ngalindamuny jananka dunga-y, bada mula-mula wubul-burr | I my child-DAT spear make-PAST; he his child-DAT spear make-PAST; that spear us.two.ABL them.DAT go-NONPAST, down kin-kin many-PERL

words_used:
["ngayu", "ngayku", "kangkal", "kalka", "bungal", "nyulu", "nyungu", "yinya", "dungay", "bada", "mula", "wubul"]


frame: teaching
loans_used: []
evidence: 2du yubal as addressee; RECIP karrba-way/mara-daji-way/kuni-way (ABS subject)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.85
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:54:26.003334+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:05:17.327657+00:00
english:
The old man said: hold each other close, help each other always; you two are brothers, and brothers who fight leave their children weak.

kuku:
Mukul-dingkarangka balkan: yubal muru karrba-way, mara-daji-way ngadiku-ngadiku; yubal yaba-karra, yaba-karra kuni-way nyungu karrkay-karrkay buyun-bungal.

analysis:
mukul-dingkar-angka balka-ny: yubal muru karrba-way, mara-daji-way ngadiku-ngadiku; yubal yaba-karra, yaba-karra kuni-way nyungu karrkay-karrkay buyun-bunga-l | old-man-ERG say-PAST: you.two together hold-RECIP, help-RECIP always; you.two brother-PL, brother-PL fight-RECIP their child-child weak-CAUS-NONPAST

words_used:
["mukul", "dingkar", "balkal", "yubal", "muru", "karrbal", "mara", "dajil", "ngadiku", "yaba", "kunil", "nyungu", "karrkay", "buyun"]


frame: micro_narrative
loans_used: []
evidence: 3pl jana/jananga POSS; maku 'ahead'; successive -da
status: accepted
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:54:26.003334+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:05:17.327657+00:00
english:
They hunted the wallaby into the scrub; the dogs ran ahead of them; they speared it together; and they carried the meat back to their camp.

kuku:
Jana kadar madjanga balbin; kaya jana maku warrin; jana muru daman; jana minya jananga bayan-mundu wundinda.

analysis:
jana kadar madja-nga balbi-ny; kaya jana maku warri-ny; jana muru dama-ny; jana minya jananga bayan-mundu wundi-ny-da | they.all wallaby scrub-LOC hunt-PAST; dog they.all ahead run-PAST; they.all together spear-PAST; they.all meat their house-toward carry-PAST-then

words_used:
["jana", "kadar", "madja", "balbi", "kaya", "maku", "warri", "muru", "damal", "minya", "bayan", "wundil"]


frame: everyday
loans_used: []
evidence: reciprocal giving across 1sg/2sg DAT+POSS; ngalinyan 1du.INC ACC; muru-bunga-l 'join'
status: accepted
confidence: 0.85
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:54:26.003334+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:05:17.327657+00:00
english:
You gave me your knowledge, I gave you my strength; together we are stronger than either of us alone; that is why the old people joined us two.

kuku:
Yundu ngaykunku yunu binal dayan, ngayu yununku ngayku junkurr dayan; ngaliny muru dandi bajaku nyubun-muny; yinya-nka mukul-mukulungku ngalinyan muru-bungan.

analysis:
yundu ngaykunku yunu binal daya-ny, ngayu yununku ngayku junkurr daya-ny; ngaliny muru dandi bajaku nyubun-muny; yinya-nka mukul-mukul-ungku ngalinyan muru-bunga-ny | you me.DAT your knowledge give-PAST, I you.DAT my strength give-PAST; we.two.INC together firm most one-ABL; that-DAT old-old-ERG us.two join-CAUS-PAST

words_used:
["yundu", "yunu", "binal", "daya", "ngayu", "ngayku", "junkurr", "ngaliny", "muru", "dandi", "nyubun", "mukul"]


frame: teaching
loans_used: []
evidence: the full person series ngayu/yundu/ngana/jana; ngananka 1pl.DAT; karrba-way RECIP; closing charter
status: accepted
confidence: 0.85
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T08:54:26.003334+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:05:17.327657+00:00
english:
The old man said: I, you, we, they — we are all one people, one country, one law; hold to each other, and the country will hold to us forever.

kuku:
Mukul-dingkarangka balkan: ngayu, yundu, ngana, jana — ngana wubul nyubun bama, nyubun bubu, nyubun kuku; muru karrba-way, bubu ngananka karrbal ngadiku-ngadiku.

analysis:
mukul-dingkar-angka balka-ny: ngayu, yundu, ngana, jana — ngana wubul nyubun bama, nyubun bubu, nyubun kuku; muru karrba-way, bubu ngananka karrba-l ngadiku-ngadiku | old-man-ERG say-PAST: I, you, we, they — we.all all one people, one country, one law; together hold-RECIP, country us.DAT hold-NONPAST always

words_used:
["mukul", "dingkar", "balkal", "ngayu", "yundu", "ngana", "jana", "wubul", "nyubun", "bama", "bubu", "kuku", "muru", "karrbal", "ngadiku"]


kuku: Mukul-dingkarangka kalka wubul bungan: yinba, kuyan, murrangkal; kalka-mu jinil, kalka-mu kurrajan.
frame: teaching
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T09:33:56.875229+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:39:02.184312+00:00
english:
The old man made many kinds of spear: the fish spear, the war spear, and the fighting spear; each spear carried its own barb and its own point.

analysis:
mukul-dingkar-angka kalka wubul bunga-ny: yinba, kuyan, murrangkal; kalka-mu jinil, kalka-mu kurrajan | old-man-ERG spear many make-PAST: fish.spear, war.spear, fighting.spear; spear-POSS barb, spear-POSS point

words_used:
["mukul", "dingkar", "kalka", "wubul", "bungal", "yinba", "kuyan", "murrangkal", "jinil", "kurrajan"]

evidence:
spear taxonomy: yinba fish-spear, kuyan war-spear, murrangkal fighting-spear; parts jinil barb, kurrajan point


frame: micro_narrative
words_used: ["balur", "dingkar", "kalka", "kala-kalbay", "yilbal", "dungay", "kadar", "damal", "manil"]
loans_used: []
evidence: balur 'spear-thrower' (INST); yilba-l 'throw' (dict yilbal)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T09:33:56.875229+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:39:02.184312+00:00
english:
With the spear-thrower the man threw the spear a long way; the spear went far and struck the kangaroo; then he pulled it out and threw it again.

kuku:
Balur-bu dingkarangka kalka kala-kalbay yilban; kalka kala-kalbay dungan, kadar daman; nyulu kalka manin, yilban baja.

analysis:
balur-bu dingkar-angka kalka kala-kalbay yilba-ny; kalka kala-kalbay dunga-ny, kadar dama-ny; nyulu kalka mani-ny, yilba-ny baja | spear.thrower-INST man-ERG spear far throw-PAST; spear far go-PAST, kangaroo spear-PAST; he spear take-PAST, throw-PAST again


frame: everyday
words_used: ["nyiku", "kalka", "murrngal", "kurrajan", "kari", "jinil", "buyun", "dara", "nambarr", "bungal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: spear parts: kurrajan point, jinil barb, dara bamboo-shaft; nambarr bamboo-stick; murrnga-l break
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T09:33:56.875229+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:39:02.184312+00:00
english:
This spear is broken: the point is gone, the barb is bent, and the bamboo shaft has snapped; I will make a new one from that bamboo.

kuku:
Nyiku kalka murrnga-jin: kurrajan kari, jinil buyun, dara murrngan; ngayu nambarr-bu kalka baja bungay.

analysis:
nyiku kalka murrnga-ji-ny: kurrajan kari, jinil buyun, dara murrnga-ny; ngayu nambarr-bu kalka baja bunga-y | this spear break-MID-PAST: point NEG, barb bad, shaft break-PAST; I bamboo-INST spear again make-NONPAST


frame: teaching
loans_used: []
evidence: jundi pumice-stone (sharpening); jalngkun 'sharp' (adj) + bunga-l state-CAUS = 'sharpen'
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T09:33:56.875229+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:39:02.184312+00:00
english:
The old man sharpened the spear point on a pumice stone; he bound the barb on firmly; a sharp spear spears the game fast, a blunt spear does not.

kuku:
Mukul-dingkarangka kurrajan jundi-bu jalngkun-bungan; jinil dandi karrban; kalka jalngkun-bu minya warri daman, kalka buyun kari.

analysis:
mukul-dingkar-angka kurrajan jundi-bu jalngkun-bunga-ny; jinil dandi karrba-ny; kalka jalngkun-bu minya warri dama-ny, kalka buyun kari | old-man-ERG point pumice-INST sharp-CAUS-PAST; barb firm hold-PAST; spear sharp-INST game fast spear-PAST, spear bad NEG

words_used:
["mukul", "dingkar", "kurrajan", "jundi", "jalngkun", "jinil", "dandi", "karrbal", "kalka", "minya", "warri", "damal", "buyun", "kari"]


frame: micro_narrative
loans_used: []
evidence: mirru club, kunjuri shield, nala-nala waddy-club; RECIP kuni-wan (ABS subject)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T09:33:56.875229+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:39:02.184312+00:00
english:
The two men fought with clubs and shields; one struck with the waddy, the other blocked with the shield; neither man was hurt, and they laughed afterwards.

kuku:
Bula dingkar mirru-bu, kunjuri-bu kuni-wan; nyubunji nala-nala-bu kunin, yindungku kunjuri-bu karrban; bula dingkar kari buyun, bula baja yajarrin.

analysis:
bula dingkar mirru-bu, kunjuri-bu kuni-wan; nyubun-ji nala-nala-bu kuni-ny, yindu-ngku kunjuri-bu karrba-ny; bula dingkar kari buyun, bula baja yajarri-ny | they.two man club-INST, shield-INST fight-RECIP.PAST; one-ERG waddy-INST hit-PAST, other-ERG shield-INST hold-PAST; they.two man NEG hurt, they.two afterward laugh-PAST

words_used:
["bula", "dingkar", "mirru", "kunjuri", "kunil", "nala-nala", "yindu", "karrbal", "kari", "buyun", "yajarril"]


frame: everyday
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T09:33:56.875229+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:39:02.184312+00:00
english:
The boomerang flew out, went right around, and came back to the thrower's hand; a good boomerang always returns, a bad one falls in the grass.

kuku:
Wangal dungan, warrin, dingkar-mu mara-nda kada baja; wangal ngulkurr kada baja ngadiku-ngudiku, wangal buyun jikan-ba daran.

analysis:
wangal dunga-ny, warri-ny, dingkar-mu mara-nda kada baja; wangal ngulkurr kada baja ngadiku-ngudiku, wangal buyun jikan-ba dara-ny | boomerang go-PAST, fly-PAST, man-POSS hand-LOC come again; boomerang good come again always, boomerang bad grass-LOC fall-PAST

words_used:
["wangal", "dungay", "warri", "dingkar", "mara", "kaday", "ngulkurr", "ngadiku", "buyun", "jikan", "daray"]

evidence:
wangal boomerang (a NOUN — cf batch-066 'dance'=wuri-y); mara-nda 'to the hand' (potent LOC); jikan grass


frame: micro_narrative
words_used: ["kami", "wakay", "durray", "juku", "dandi", "yakal", "nyungu", "yalbay", "dayal", "karrbal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: wakay wooden-sword, durray fighting-stick; yaka-l 'cut/carve' (dict yakal); juku dandi 'hard wood'
status: accepted
confidence: 0.85
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T09:33:56.875229+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:39:02.184312+00:00
english:
The grandfather carved a wooden sword and a fighting stick from hard timber; he gave the sword to his eldest grandson and kept the stick for himself.

kuku:
Kamingka wakay, durray juku dandi-muny yakan; nyulu wakay nyungu kami-yalbay-nka dayan, durray nyungunku karrban.

analysis:
kami-ngka wakay, durray juku dandi-muny yaka-ny; nyulu wakay nyungu kami-yalbay-nka daya-ny, durray nyungunku karrba-ny | grandfather-ERG wooden.sword, fighting.stick tree hard-ABL cut-PAST; he sword his grandchild-big-DAT give-PAST, fighting.stick himself.DAT hold-PAST


frame: everyday
loans_used: []
evidence: ngunyin dilly-bag; wukurri-l 'weave a bag' (Patz 283/585, also 'follow'); wabarr shade; yajin full
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T09:33:56.875229+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:39:02.184312+00:00
english:
The woman wove a dilly bag and carried the fruit in it; when the bag was full she hung it on a branch and rested in the shade.

kuku:
Jalbungku ngunyin wukurrin, mayi ngunyin-ba wundin; ngunyin yajin-manya, nyulu juku-ngu karrban, wabarr-ba mara-kunban.

analysis:
jalbu-ngku ngunyin wukurri-ny, mayi ngunyin-ba wundi-ny; ngunyin yajin-manya, nyulu juku-ngu karrba-ny, wabarr-ba mara-kunba-ny | woman-ERG dillybag weave-PAST, fruit dillybag-LOC carry-PAST; dillybag full-SUB, she tree-LOC hold-PAST, shade-LOC rest-PAST

words_used:
["jalbu", "ngunyin", "wukurril", "mayi", "wundil", "yajin", "juku", "karrbal", "wabarr", "mara-kunbay"]


frame: teaching
loans_used: []
evidence: ngunyin sized bags; DAT of purpose (diburr-nka 'for seeds'); binda shoulder, mudu (lower) back
status: accepted
confidence: 0.85
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T09:33:56.875229+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:39:02.184312+00:00
english:
The old people made two kinds of dilly bag: a small one for seeds and a big one for fish; the small bag hangs on the shoulder, the big one on the back.

kuku:
Mukul-mukulungku ngunyin jambul bungan: buban diburr-nka, yalbay kuyu-nka; ngunyin buban binda-nga wunan, yalbay ngunyin mudu-ngu.

analysis:
mukul-mukul-ungku ngunyin jambul bunga-ny: buban diburr-nka, yalbay kuyu-nka; ngunyin buban binda-nga wuna-ny, yalbay ngunyin mudu-ngu | old-old-ERG dillybag two make-PAST: small seed-DAT, big fish-DAT; dillybag small shoulder-LOC hang-PAST, big dillybag back-LOC

words_used:
["mukul", "ngunyin", "jambul", "bungal", "buban", "diburr", "yalbay", "kuyu", "binda", "wunay", "mudu"]


frame: micro_narrative
loans_used: []
evidence: marrakan dugout-canoe (cedar/canoe, cf flora errata); bijikan stern; yaka-l carve, ngara-l shape
status: revised
confidence: 0.85
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T09:33:56.875229+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T10:14:40.074257+00:00
english:
The man carved a dugout canoe from a big cedar; he shaped the stern, then took it out on the water and speared fish from it.

kuku:
Dingkarangka marrakan juku yalbay-muny yakan; nyulu bijikan ngaran, bana-nga wundin, marrakan-du kuyu daman.

analysis:
dingkar-angka marrakan juku yalbay-muny yaka-ny; nyulu bijikan ngara-ny, bana-nga wundi-ny, marrakan-du kuyu dama-ny | man-ERG dugout.canoe tree big-ABL cut-PAST; he stern shape-PAST, water-side carry-PAST, canoe-LOC fish spear-PAST

words_used:
["dingkar", "marrakan", "juku", "yalbay", "yakal", "bijikan", "ngaral", "bana", "wundil", "kuyu", "damal"]


frame: micro_narrative
loans_used: []
evidence: kaljan outrigger-canoe; birungubay paddle; jambul-jambul 'four' (two-two); bana-ngku water-ERG
status: revised
confidence: 0.85
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T09:33:56.875229+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T10:14:40.074257+00:00
english:
The canoe carried four people across the river; the paddle snapped halfway, so the men pushed with their hands and the current carried them to the far bank.

kuku:
Kaljan bama jambul-jambul wawubaja-nga wundin; birungubay jambul-bu murrngan, dingkar mara-bu yungan, bana-ngku jana yindu-ngu wundin.

analysis:
kaljan bama jambul-jambul wawubaja-nga wundi-ny; birungubay jambul-bu murrnga-ny, dingkar mara-bu yunga-ny, bana-ngku jana yindu-ngu wundi-ny | outrigger.canoe person four water-side carry-PAST; paddle middle-LOC break-PAST, man hand-INST push-PAST, water-ERG them other-side carry-PAST

words_used:
["kaljan", "bama", "jambul", "wawubaja", "wundil", "birungubay", "murrngal", "dingkar", "mara", "yungal", "yindu"]


frame: teaching
loans_used: []
evidence: warrbi axe, karra cane/rope, jila beeswax; nyurrba-l 'grind' (dict); dandi-bunga-l 'fasten firm'
status: accepted
confidence: 0.85
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T09:33:56.875229+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:39:02.184312+00:00
english:
The old man taught the boy to make an axe: choose a hard stone, grind the edge sharp, and bind it to a wooden handle with cane and beeswax.

kuku:
Mukul-dingkarangka karrkay warrbi bunga-nka binal-bungan: kulji dandi manin, nyurrban jalngkun-nka, juku-ngu karra-bu, jila-bu dandi-bungan.

analysis:
mukul-dingkar-angka karrkay warrbi bunga-nka binal-bunga-ny: kulji dandi mani-ny, nyurrba-ny jalngkun-nka, juku-ngu karra-bu, jila-bu dandi-bunga-ny | old-man-ERG boy warrbi(axe) make-PURP teach-CAUS-PAST: stone hard take-PAST, grind-PAST sharp-DAT, tree-LOC cane-INST, beeswax-INST firm-CAUS-PAST

words_used:
["mukul", "dingkar", "karrkay", "warrbi", "bungal", "binal", "kulji", "dandi", "manil", "nyurrbal", "jalngkun", "juku", "karra", "jila"]


frame: micro_narrative
loans_used: []
evidence: warrbi-kulji 'stone axe-head'; bawa-ji 'come loose' (MID); kawar honey; yaka-l cut, ngara-l shape
status: accepted
confidence: 0.84
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T09:33:56.875229+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:39:02.184312+00:00
english:
The hunter tied the stone axe-head to the handle so tightly that it never came loose; with it he cut wood, cut trees for honey, and shaped his spears.

kuku:
Balbi-dingkarangka warrbi-kulji juku-ngu dandi karrban, kariku bawaji; nyulu juku yakan, juku yakan kawar-nka, kalka ngaran.

analysis:
balbi-dingkar-angka warrbi-kulji juku-ngu dandi karrba-ny, kariku bawa-ji; nyulu juku yaka-ny, juku yaka-ny kawar-nka, kalka ngara-ny | hunter-ERG axe-stone tree-LOC firm hold-PAST, NEG come.loose-MID; he tree cut-PAST, tree cut-PAST honey-DAT, spear shape-PAST

words_used:
["balbi", "dingkar", "warrbi", "kulji", "juku", "dandi", "karrbal", "kari", "bawaji", "yakal", "kawar", "kalka", "ngaral"]


frame: everyday
loans_used: []
evidence: karra rope, dumbul bark(-fibre); yamba-yamba belongings; jalkar high-bank/cliff
status: accepted
confidence: 0.84
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T09:33:56.875229+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:39:02.184312+00:00
english:
The rope was plaited from strong bark-fibre; with it the men bound the raft, tied the bundle of spears, and lowered the load down the cliff.

kuku:
Karra dumbul dandi-muny wukurrin; dingkarangka karra-bu marrakan dandi-bungan, kalka-karra dandi-bungan, yamba-yamba jalkar-muny bada wundin.

analysis:
karra dumbul dandi-muny wukurri-ny; dingkar-angka karra-bu marrakan dandi-bunga-ny, kalka-karra dandi-bunga-ny, yamba-yamba jalkar-muny bada wundi-ny | rope bark-fibre strong-ABL weave-PAST; man-ERG rope-INST raft firm-CAUS-PAST, spear-bundle firm-CAUS-PAST, belongings cliff-ABL down carry-PAST

words_used:
["karra", "dumbul", "wukurril", "dingkar", "marrakan", "dandi", "kalka", "yamba-yamba", "jalkar", "wundil"]


frame: teaching
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.83
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T09:33:56.875229+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:39:02.184312+00:00
english:
The grandmother kept red ochre and yellow ochre in two shells; on ceremony days she ground the ochre, mixed it with fat, and painted the dancers.

kuku:
Babingka murbuy, makirr milbar jambul-bu karrban; bubu-wungar-a nyulu murbuy nyurrban, minya-wandul-bu bungan, wuri-bama julngkan.

analysis:
babi-ngka murbuy, makirr milbar jambul-bu karrba-ny; bubu-wungar-a nyulu murbuy nyurrba-ny, minya-wandul-bu bunga-ny, wuri-bama julngka-ny | grandmother-ERG red.ochre, yellow.ochre shell two-LOC hold-PAST; ceremony-day-LOC she red.ochre grind-PAST, meat-fat-INST make-PAST, dance-person paint-PAST

words_used:
["babi", "murbuy", "makirr", "milbar", "jambul", "karrbal", "nyurrbal", "minya", "wandul", "bungal", "wuri", "bama", "julngkal"]

evidence:
murbuy red-ochre, makirr yellow-ochre, milbar shell; julngka-l 'paint/rub on' (dict); wuri-bama dancers


frame: micro_narrative
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.83
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T09:33:56.875229+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:39:02.184312+00:00
english:
The men played while the women danced; the boys beat two boomerangs together like clap-sticks, and the old man called out the country's songs.

kuku:
Dingkar-dingkar nguju, jalbu-jalbu wurin; karrkay-karrkayngku wangal jambul muru kunin, mukul-dingkarangka bubu-mu burri yirrkan.

analysis:
dingkar-dingkar nguju, jalbu-jalbu wuri-ny; karrkay-karrkay-ngku wangal jambul muru kuni-ny, mukul-dingkar-angka bubu-mu burri yirrka-ny | man-man play, woman-woman dance-PAST; boy-ERG boomerang two together hit-PAST, old-man-ERG country-POSS song call.out-PAST

words_used:
["dingkar", "nguju", "jalbu", "wuri", "karrkay", "wangal", "jambul", "muru", "kunil", "mukul", "bubu", "burri", "yirrkay"]

evidence:
clap-sticks = paired wangal boomerangs beaten (kuni-l); yirrka-l 'call out/sing out' the songs; wuri-y dance


frame: teaching
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.83
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T09:33:56.875229+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:39:02.184312+00:00
english:
The old man said: a weapon is not for anger; the spear feeds the family, the axe builds the camp, the digging stick finds the yam — hold your weapons for life, not for killing your own people.

kuku:
Mukul-dingkarangka balkan: jarrngkurr kari kuli-nka; kalka-ngku bama mayi dayal, warrbi-bu bayan ngaral, karrkany-ju banjay manil; yurra jarrngkurr wawu-nka karrba, kari yurranga bama kuni-nka.

analysis:
mukul-dingkar-angka balka-ny: jarrngkurr kari kuli-nka; kalka-ngku bama mayi daya-l, warrbi-bu bayan ngara-l, karrkany-ju banjay mani-l; yurra jarrngkurr wawu-nka karrba, kari yurranga bama kuni-nka | old-man-ERG say-PAST: weapon NEG anger-DAT; spear-INST people food give-NONPAST, axe-INST camp build-NONPAST, digging.stick-INST yam get-NONPAST; you.all weapon life-DAT hold.IMP, NEG your.all people fight-PURP

words_used:
["mukul", "dingkar", "balkal", "jarrngkurr", "kari", "kuli", "kalka", "bama", "mayi", "dayal", "warrbi", "bayan", "ngaral", "karrkany", "banjay", "manil", "yurra", "wawu", "karrbal", "kunil"]

evidence:
jarrngkurr 'weapon'; karrkany digging-stick; banjay yam; mani-l 'get' (mabil=swamp, NOT get); wawu life


frame: everyday
loans_used: []
evidence: baki 'toy' (kalka baki = toy spear); binal-ma 'learn'; duburan 'mark/sign' as target
status: accepted
confidence: 0.83
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T09:33:56.875229+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:39:02.184312+00:00
english:
The father shaped a small toy spear for his son so the boy could learn to throw; the boy practised all day, and by dusk he could hit the mark.

kuku:
Nganjangka karrkay-nka kalka baki buban bungan, karrkay yilba binalma; karrkay wungar-wungar yilban, wungar bada-nya nyulu duburan daman.

analysis:
nganjan-angka karrkay-nka kalka baki buban bunga-ny, karrkay yilba binal-ma; karrkay wungar-wungar yilba-ny, wungar bada-nya nyulu duburan dama-ny | father-ERG boy-DAT spear toy small make-PAST, child throw learn-INCHO; child day-day throw-PAST, sun down-SUB he mark spear-PAST

words_used:
["nganjan", "karrkay", "kalka", "baki", "buban", "bungal", "yilbal", "binal", "wungar", "duburan", "damal"]


frame: everyday
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.83
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T09:33:56.875229+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:39:02.184312+00:00
english:
The men made woomeras of three lengths; the long one threw a heavy spear, the short one threw a small spear, and each one fitted a different hand.

kuku:
Dingkar-dingkarangka mirrba kulur bungan; kala-kalbay-ju kalka kulngkul yilban, kulka-ju kalka buban yilban, nyubun-nyubun mara-nka.

analysis:
dingkar-dingkar-angka mirrba kulur bunga-ny; kala-kalbay-ju kalka kulngkul yilba-ny, kulka-ju kalka buban yilba-ny, nyubun-nyubun mara-nka | man-man-ERG woomera three make-PAST; long-INST spear heavy throw-PAST, short-INST spear small throw-PAST, each hand-DAT

words_used:
["dingkar", "mirrba", "kulur", "bungal", "kala-kalbay", "kalka", "kulngkul", "yilbal", "kulka", "buban", "mara"]

evidence:
mirrba woomera; kulur 'three'; kulngkul heavy, kulka short (NOT jangkarr/murrku, which are phantoms)


frame: teaching
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.83
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T09:33:56.875229+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:39:02.184312+00:00
english:
When the fighting was over the old men collected every spear, club and shield, laid them in a row, and told the young men to make peace and put the weapons away.

kuku:
Kuni-way kunbayn-manya, mukul-mukulungku kalka, mirru, kunjuri wubul manin, nyubun-ba janan, warru balkan jana ngulkurr-ma, jarrngkurr wunga.

analysis:
kuni-way kunbayn-manya, mukul-mukul-ungku kalka, mirru, kunjuri wubul mani-ny, nyubun-ba jana-ny, warru balka-ny jana ngulkurr-ma, jarrngkurr wunga | fight-RECIP finish(kunbayn)-SUB, old-old-ERG spear, club, shield all take-PAST, one-LOC stand-PAST, young-man tell-PAST they good-INCHO.IMP, weapon put.IMP

words_used:
["kunil", "kunbayn", "mukul", "kalka", "mirru", "kunjuri", "wubul", "manil", "janay", "warru", "ngulkurr", "jarrngkurr"]

evidence:
gathering weapons after conflict; kunbayn 'finish' (dict), warru 'young man', ngulkurr-ma 'make peace/become good'


frame: everyday
loans_used: []
evidence: ngunyin dilly-bag as baby/food carrier; karra strap; binda shoulder; yaka-l 'cut into'
status: accepted
confidence: 0.84
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T09:33:56.875229+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:39:02.184312+00:00
english:
The old woman carried the baby in one dilly bag and the yams in another; the rope strap cut into her shoulder, so she stopped often to rest.

kuku:
Mukulungku ngawa nyubun ngunyin-ba wundin, banjay yindu ngunyin-ba; karra-ngku nyungu binda yakan, nyulu wungar-wungar janan mara-kunba-nka.

analysis:
mukul-ungku ngawa nyubun ngunyin-ba wundi-ny, banjay yindu ngunyin-ba; karra-ngku nyungu binda yaka-ny, nyulu wungar-wungar jana-ny mara-kunba-nka | old.woman-ERG baby one dillybag-LOC carry-PAST, yam other dillybag-LOC; rope-ERG her shoulder cut-PAST, she day-day stand-PAST rest-PURP

words_used:
["mukul", "ngawa", "ngunyin", "wundil", "banjay", "yindu", "karra", "binda", "yakal", "janay", "mara-kunbay"]


frame: everyday
loans_used: []
evidence: baki-jarrngkurr 'toy weapons'; kima 'soft' wood; nguju 'funny/play' (nguju-wuri-y grammar 5342)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.83
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T09:33:56.875229+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:39:02.184312+00:00
english:
The two boys made toy weapons from soft wood: a little boomerang, a little club, and a little shield; they had a play-fight and no one cried.

kuku:
Bula karrkayngku baki-jarrngkurr juku kima-muny bungan: wangal buban, mirru buban, kunjuri buban; bula nguju kuni-wan, bama nyubun kari badin.

analysis:
bula karrkay-ngku baki-jarrngkurr juku kima-muny bunga-ny: wangal buban, mirru buban, kunjuri buban; bula nguju kuni-wan, bama nyubun kari badi-ny | they.two boy-ERG toy-weapon tree soft-ABL make-PAST: boomerang small, club small, shield small; they.two funny fight-RECIP.PAST, person one NEG cry-PAST

words_used:
["bula", "karrkay", "jarrngkurr", "juku", "kima", "bungal", "wangal", "buban", "mirru", "kunjuri", "nguju", "kunil", "badi"]


frame: everyday
loans_used: []
evidence: wuyar 'top' (bayan-wuyar 'house-top/rafters'); -mundu ABESSIVE 'out of reach of'
status: accepted
confidence: 0.84
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T09:33:56.875229+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:39:02.184312+00:00
english:
The grandfather kept his best spear in the rafters of the hut, out of the children's reach; only on the hunt did he take it down, and he always brought it home.

kuku:
Kamingka nyungu kalka ngulkurr bayan-wuyar-a karrban, karrkay-karrkay-mundu; balbi-nga nyulu bada manin, ngadiku-ngudiku bayan-mundu wundin.

analysis:
kami-ngka nyungu kalka ngulkurr bayan-wuyar-a karrba-ny, karrkay-karrkay-mundu; balbi-nga nyulu bada mani-ny, ngadiku-ngudiku bayan-mundu wundi-ny | grandfather-ERG his spear good house-top-LOC hold-PAST, child-child-ABESS; hunt-LOC he down take-PAST, always house-toward bring-PAST

words_used:
["kami", "nyungu", "kalka", "ngulkurr", "bayan", "wuyar", "karrbal", "karrkay", "balbi", "manil", "wundil"]


frame: teaching
loans_used: []
evidence: warkal bailer-shell; trade network; daji-way RECIP 'trade'; DAT of purpose (warrbi-nka 'for axes')
status: accepted
confidence: 0.83
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T09:33:56.875229+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:39:02.184312+00:00
english:
The people traded shells and ochre with the inland groups; they gave bailer shells and red ochre, and got stone for axes and hard wood for spears.

kuku:
Bamangka milbar, murbuy kuwa-bama-ji dajiway; jana warkal, murbuy dayan, jana kulji warrbi-nka, juku dandi kalka-nka manin.

analysis:
bama-ngka milbar, murbuy kuwa-bama-ji daji-way; jana warkal, murbuy daya-ny, jana kulji warrbi-nka, juku dandi kalka-nka mani-ny | person-ERG shell, red.ochre inland-people-COMIT trade-RECIP; they bailer.shell, red.ochre give-PAST, they stone axe-DAT, tree hard spear-DAT take-PAST

words_used:
["bama", "milbar", "murbuy", "kuwa", "dajil", "warkal", "dayal", "kulji", "warrbi", "juku", "dandi", "kalka", "manil"]


frame: micro_narrative
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.83
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T09:33:56.875229+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:39:02.184312+00:00
english:
The man cut a straight branch, took the bark off, and hardened the point in the fire to make a bamboo fish spear.

kuku:
Dingkarangka juku nyubun yakan, dumbul manin, kurrajan baya-nga wumbul-bungan, yinba bana-nka bungay.

analysis:
dingkar-angka juku nyubun yaka-ny, dumbul mani-ny, kurrajan baya-nga wumbul-bunga-ny, yinba bana-nka bunga-y | man-ERG tree one cut-PAST, bark take-PAST, point fire-LOC hot-CAUS-PAST, fish.spear water-DAT make-NONPAST

words_used:
["dingkar", "juku", "yakal", "dumbul", "manil", "kurrajan", "baya", "wumbul", "yinba", "bana", "bungal"]

evidence:
yinba fish-spear; dumbul bark; baya fire; wumbul-bunga-l 'harden (make hot)' in fire; dumbul mani-l 'take bark off'


frame: teaching
loans_used: []
evidence: ngunyin-ju ERG; ngunyin-mundu ABESSIVE 'without the bag'; maru-maru 'nothing'; wukurri-l weave
status: accepted
confidence: 0.83
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T09:33:56.875229+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:39:02.184312+00:00
english:
The old woman said: the dilly bag holds the whole camp's food; without it we could carry nothing; learn to weave, girls, or the family will go hungry.

kuku:
Mukulungku balkan: ngunyin-ju bayan-mu mayi wubul karrbal; ngunyin-mundu ngana maru-maru wundil; jalbu-karrkay, wukurril binal-ma, kari bama dakwuy.

analysis:
mukul-ungku balka-ny: ngunyin-ju bayan-mu mayi wubul karrba-l; ngunyin-mundu ngana maru-maru wundi-l; jalbu-karrkay, wukurri-l binal-ma, kari bama dakwuy | old.woman-ERG say-PAST: dillybag-ERG camp-POSS food all hold-NONPAST; dillybag-ABESS we nothing carry-NONPAST; girl-child, weave learn-INCHO.IMP, NEG people hungry

words_used:
["mukul", "balkal", "ngunyin", "bayan", "mayi", "wubul", "karrbal", "ngana", "maru-maru", "wundil", "jalbu", "karrkay", "wukurril", "binal", "bama", "dakwuy"]


frame: teaching
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.83
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T09:33:56.875229+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:39:02.184312+00:00
english:
The knife was made of a sharp shell before the white man's knife came; with it the women cut fish, cut the meat, and split the pandanus for weaving.

kuku:
Naybu warkal jalngkun-muny bungan, waybala-mu naybu ngadiku; naybu-bu jalbu-jalbu kuyu yakan, minya yakan, juku wukurril-nka yika-daman.

analysis:
naybu warkal jalngkun-muny bunga-ny, waybala-mu naybu ngadiku; naybu-bu jalbu-jalbu kuyu yaka-ny, minya yaka-ny, juku wukurri-l-nka yika-dama-ny | knife bailer.shell sharp-ABL make-PAST, whitefella-POSS knife before; knife-INST woman-woman fish cut-PAST, meat cut-PAST, tree weave-PURP split-PAST

words_used:
["naybu", "warkal", "jalngkun", "bungal", "waybala", "ngadiku", "jalbu", "kuyu", "yakal", "minya", "juku", "wukurril"]

evidence:
naybu 'knife' (from shell before whitefella's); yika-dama-l 'split' (dict); no word for 'steel'/'iron'


frame: question
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.83
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T09:33:56.875229+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:39:02.184312+00:00
english:
The boy asked: what is this stick for? The old man said: that is a fire-drill; you twist it fast on soft wood, the smoke glows, and the fire is alive.

kuku:
Jawun-karrkayngku babajin: nyiku jaba wanyu-nka? Mukul-dingkarangka balkan: yinya baya-jaba; yundu juku kima-nga warri murnil, kubu dakal, baya juran.

analysis:
karrkay-ngku babaji-ny: nyiku jaba wanyu-nka? mukul-dingkar-angka balka-ny: yinya baya-jaba; yundu juku kima-nga warri murni-l, kubu dakal, baya juran | boy-ERG ask-PAST: this stick what-DAT? old-man-ERG say-PAST: that fire-stick; you tree soft-LOC fast twist-NONPAST, smoke rise(dakal), fire alive

words_used:
["karrkay", "babaji", "nyiku", "jaba", "wanyu", "mukul", "dingkar", "balkal", "baya", "juku", "kima", "murnil", "kubu", "juran"]

evidence:
babaji-l 'ask' (dict); jaba 'stick'; baya-jaba 'fire-drill'; murni-l 'twist' (batch-062); kubu smoke; juran alive


frame: micro_narrative
loans_used: []
evidence: marrakan 'raft/canoe'; jalungkarr flood; wuyar top; marral dry; jaba pole
status: revised
confidence: 0.83
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T09:33:56.875229+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T10:14:40.074257+00:00
english:
The two men lashed logs together with cane to make a raft; they poled it across the flooded river, the belongings piled high and dry in the middle.

kuku:
Bula dingkarangka juku karra-bu dandi-bungan, marrakan bungan; bula jaba-bu wawubaja jalungkarr-ba yungan, yamba-yamba jambul-bu wuyar-a marral.

analysis:
bula dingkar-angka juku karra-bu dandi-bunga-ny, marrakan bunga-ny; bula jaba-bu wawubaja jalungkarr-ba yunga-ny, yamba-yamba jambul-bu wuyar-a marral | they.two man-ERG log cane-INST firm-CAUS-PAST, raft make-PAST; they.two pole-INST river flood-side push-PAST, belongings middle-LOC top-LOC dry

words_used:
["bula", "dingkar", "juku", "karra", "dandi", "marrakan", "jaba", "wawubaja", "jalungkarr", "yamba-yamba", "wuyar", "marral"]


frame: micro_narrative
loans_used: []
evidence: kubirr-kubirr 'black-and-red seeds' (dict); karra 'string'; necklace strung on karra
status: accepted
confidence: 0.82
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T09:33:56.875229+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:39:02.184312+00:00
english:
The grandmother threaded small shells and red seeds onto a string; she gave the necklace to the young woman at her first ceremony, and the girl was proud.

kuku:
Babingka milbar buban, kubirr-kubirr karra-nga bungan; nyulu jalbu-karrkay-nka bubu-wungar ngadiku-ngu dayan, jalbu-karrkay ngulkurr-man.

analysis:
babi-ngka milbar buban, kubirr-kubirr karra-nga bunga-ny; nyulu jalbu-karrkay-nka bubu-wungar ngadiku-ngu daya-ny, jalbu-karrkay ngulkurr-ma-ny | grandmother-ERG shell small, red.seed string-LOC make-PAST; she girl-DAT ceremony first-LOC give-PAST, girl good-INCHO-PAST(=pleased)

words_used:
["babi", "milbar", "buban", "kubirr-kubirr", "karra", "bungal", "jalbu", "mayi", "bubu", "wungar", "ngadiku", "ngulkurr"]


frame: micro_narrative
loans_used: []
evidence: duburan-jaba 'message-stick' (duburan 'mark/sign'); yaka-l cut/notch; yirrka-l call
status: revised
confidence: 0.82
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T09:33:56.875229+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T10:14:40.074257+00:00
english:
The old man carved a message-stick, cut with marks for each camp along the road; the messenger carried it north to call the clans to the big meeting.

kuku:
Mukul-dingkarangka duburan-jaba yakan, nyubun-nyubun bayan-nka jalbu-ngu; yirrka-bamangka kuwa-nga wundin, bama wubul yalbay-muru-nka yirrkan.

analysis:
mukul-dingkar-angka duburan-jaba yaka-ny, nyubun-nyubun bayan-nka jalbu-ngu; yirrka-bama-ngka kuwa-nga wundi-ny, bama wubul yalbay-muru-nka yirrka-ny | old-man-ERG message-stick cut-PAST, each camp-DAT road-side; messenger-ERG NW-side carry-PAST, person many big-gathering-DAT call-PAST

words_used:
["mukul", "dingkar", "duburan", "jaba", "yakal", "bayan", "kuwa", "wundil", "bama", "wubul", "yalbay", "muru", "yirrkay"]


frame: teaching
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.82
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T09:33:56.875229+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:39:02.184312+00:00
english:
The men painted their bodies with white clay and red ochre for the dance; the old man drew the totem lines, and each design told which country a man belonged to.

kuku:
Dingkar-dingkarangka bangkarr bajar-bu, murbuy-bu julngkan wuri-nka; mukul-dingkarangka bama-mu duburan julngkan, nyubun-nyubun duburan-du balkan wanya-mu bubu.

analysis:
dingkar-dingkar-angka bangkarr bajar-bu, murbuy-bu julngka-ny wuri-nka; mukul-dingkar-angka bama-mu duburan julngka-ny, nyubun-nyubun duburan-du balka-ny wanya-mu bubu | man-man-ERG body white.clay-INST, red.ochre-INST paint-PAST dance-DAT; old-man-ERG person-POSS design paint-PAST, each design-ERG tell-PAST whose country

words_used:
["dingkar", "bangkarr", "bajar", "murbuy", "julngkal", "wuri", "mukul", "bama", "duburan", "balkal", "wanya", "bubu"]

evidence:
bangkarr body (NOT nyulmbu); bajar white-clay/ash; julngka-l paint/draw; wanya-mu bubu 'whose country'


frame: teaching
loans_used: []
evidence: karrkany digging-stick; banjay yam; jalngka smooth (NOT warru=young.man); baka-l dig
status: revised
confidence: 0.82
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T09:33:56.875229+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T10:14:40.074257+00:00
english:
The digging stick was a woman's tool: fire-hardened at the point, worn smooth at the grip; with it she dug yams, dug for water, and turned the soil of the camp.

kuku:
Karrkany jalbu-mu jaba: kurrajan baya-nga wumbul-jin, mara-nga jalngka; nyulu banjay bakan, bana-nka bakan, bayan-mu bubu murnil.

analysis:
karrkany jalbu-mu jaba: kurrajan baya-nga wumbul-ji-ny, mara-nga jalngka; nyulu banjay baka-ny, bana-nka baka-ny, bayan-mu bubu murni-l | digging.stick woman-POSS tool: point fire-LOC hot-MID-PAST, grip-side smooth; she yam dig-PAST, water-DAT dig-PAST, camp-POSS ground turn-NONPAST

words_used:
["karrkany", "jalbu", "jaba", "kurrajan", "baya", "wumbul", "mara", "jalngka", "banjay", "bakal", "bana", "bubu", "murnil"]


frame: teaching
words_used: ["nganjan", "kangkal", "karra", "kurrajan", "dandi", "binal", "marral", "wunay", "jila", "wumbul"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.82
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T09:33:56.875229+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:39:02.184312+00:00
english:
The father showed his sons how to bind a spearhead: bind it tight with cane, let it dry firm, then seal the join with warm beeswax so it never slips.

kuku:
Nganjangka kangkal-karra kurrajan dandi-bunga binal-bungan: karra-bu dandi-bungan, marral dandi wunan, jila wumbul-bu dandi-bungan, kariku dungay.

analysis:
nganjan-angka kangkal-karra kurrajan dandi-bunga binal-bunga-ny: karra-bu dandi-bunga-ny, marral dandi wuna-ny, jila wumbul-bu dandi-bunga-ny, kariku dunga-y | father-ERG child-PL spearhead firm-CAUS teach-CAUS-PAST: cane-INST firm-CAUS-PAST, dry firm lie-PAST, beeswax hot-INST firm-CAUS-PAST, NEG go-NONPAST

evidence:
spearhead-binding: karra cane, jila beeswax; marral dry; dandi-bunga-l 'fasten firm' (no attested 'wrap'/'sinew')


frame: micro_narrative
loans_used: []
evidence: nyurrba-l 'grind' (dict; NOT jimba); nyurrba-kulji grinding-stone; bajar ash (mayi baked in ashes)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.82
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T09:33:56.875229+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:39:02.184312+00:00
english:
The two women ground seeds on a flat stone all morning; the grinding stone was smooth and worn from many grandmothers' hands; they cooked the ground food in the ashes.

kuku:
Bula jalbungku diburr kulji-nga wunkun-wunkun nyurrban; nyurrba-kulji jalngka, babi-babi-mu mara-muny; bula mayi nyurrban, bajar-a wajun.

analysis:
bula jalbu-ngku diburr kulji-nga wunkun-wunkun nyurrba-ny; nyurrba-kulji jalngka, babi-babi-mu mara-muny; bula mayi nyurrba-ny, bajar-a waju-ny | they.two woman-ERG seed stone-LOC morning-morning grind-PAST; grind-stone smooth, grandmother-grandmother-POSS hand-ABL; they.two food grind-PAST, ash-LOC cook-PAST

words_used:
["bula", "jalbu", "diburr", "kulji", "wunkun", "nyurrbal", "jalngka", "babi", "mara", "mayi", "bajar", "wajul"]


frame: micro_narrative
loans_used: []
evidence: kima 'soft' (bad axe-stone); bubu-wuyar 'ranges/high-country'; daji-way trade
status: accepted
confidence: 0.82
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T09:33:56.875229+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:39:02.184312+00:00
english:
The hunter lost his good axe in the flood; he made a new one, but the new stone was soft and the edge broke; he traded two dilly bags for a hard axe-stone from the ranges.

kuku:
Balbi-dingkarangka nyungu warrbi ngulkurr jalungkarr-ba bawan; nyulu warrbi baja bungan, yambada kulji baja kima, murrngan; nyulu ngunyin jambul bubu-wuyar-mu kulji dandi-ji dajiway.

analysis:
balbi-dingkar-angka nyungu warrbi ngulkurr jalungkarr-ba bawa-ny; nyulu warrbi baja bunga-ny, yambada kulji baja kima, murrnga-ny; nyulu ngunyin jambul bubu-wuyar-mu kulji dandi-ji daji-way | hunter-ERG his axe good flood-LOC lose-PAST; he axe again make-PAST, but stone new soft, break-PAST; he dillybag two range-POSS stone hard-COMIT trade-RECIP

words_used:
["balbi", "dingkar", "warrbi", "ngulkurr", "jalungkarr", "bawal", "kulji", "kima", "murrngal", "ngunyin", "jambul", "bubu", "wuyar", "dandi", "dajil"]


frame: teaching
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.82
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T09:33:56.875229+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:39:02.184312+00:00
english:
The old man kept a bailer shell for baling the canoe and a big shell for carrying water; he said a good shell is worth more than a billycan, for it never goes bad.

kuku:
Mukul-dingkarangka warkal kaljan-nka karrban, milbar yalbay bana-nka; nyulu balkan: milbar ngulkurr jungkalu-ngadiku, kariku buyun-mal.

analysis:
mukul-dingkar-angka warkal kaljan-nka karrba-ny, milbar yalbay bana-nka; nyulu balka-ny: milbar ngulkurr jungkalu-ngadiku, kariku buyun-ma-l | old-man-ERG bailer.shell canoe-DAT hold-PAST, shell big water-DAT; he say-PAST: shell good billycan-more, NEG bad-INCHO-NONPAST

words_used:
["mukul", "dingkar", "warkal", "kaljan", "karrbal", "milbar", "yalbay", "bana", "balkal", "ngulkurr", "jungkalu", "buyun"]

evidence:
warkal bailer-shell (for canoe); jungkalu 'billycan' (loan); -ngadiku here 'more than'; buyun-ma-l 'go bad'


frame: micro_narrative
words_used: ["babi", "ngawa", "buyku", "kima", "karrbal", "dumbul", "wunay", "muyar", "yungal", "wukurril"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.82
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T09:33:56.875229+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:39:02.184312+00:00
english:
The grandmother wrapped the baby in soft paperbark and laid it in a bark cradle; the wind rocked the bark cradle, and the baby slept while she wove.

kuku:
Babingka ngawa buyku kima-bu karrban, dumbul-bu wunan; muyar-bu dumbul-buwa yungan, ngawa wunan, babi wukurrin.

analysis:
babi-ngka ngawa buyku kima-bu karrba-ny, dumbul-bu wuna-ny; muyar-bu dumbul-buwa yunga-ny, ngawa wuna-ny, babi wukurri-ny | grandmother-ERG baby paperbark soft-INST hold-PAST, bark-LOC lie-PAST; wind-INST bark-baby push-PAST, baby sleep-PAST, grandmother weave-PAST

evidence:
buyku 'paperbark' (batch-061: not wing); dumbul bark cradle; muyar wind; warri-ma-l 'move' (no attested 'rock')


frame: micro_narrative
loans_used: []
evidence: makarr 'fish-net' (batch-063); yira tide; kulngkul heavy (NOT jangkarr)
status: revised
confidence: 0.82
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T09:33:56.875229+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T10:14:40.074257+00:00
english:
The men made the big net from strong bark string and set it across the river; the tide brought the fish in, and by evening the net was heavy with them.

kuku:
Dingkar-dingkarangka makarr dumbul-karra dandi-muny bungan, wawubaja-nga janan; yira-ngku kuyu wundin, wungar bada-nya makarr kuyu-bu kulngkul.

analysis:
dingkar-dingkar-angka makarr dumbul-karra dandi-muny bunga-ny, wawubaja-nga jana-ny; yira-ngku kuyu wundi-ny, wungar bada-nya makarr kuyu-bu kulngkul | man-man-ERG net bark-string strong-ABL make-PAST, river-side stand-PAST; tide-ERG fish bring-PAST, sun down-SUB net fish-INST heavy

words_used:
["dingkar", "makarr", "dumbul", "karra", "dandi", "bungal", "wawubaja", "janay", "yira", "kuyu", "wundil", "wungar", "kulngkul"]


frame: teaching
loans_used: []
evidence: yamba-yamba 'belongings'; making-with-the-hand as value; kari-bama 'one who cannot'
status: accepted
confidence: 0.82
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T09:33:56.875229+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:39:02.184312+00:00
english:
The old man said: everything we own we make with our own hands — the spear, the bag, the net, the canoe; a person who cannot make his tools is poor, even if he holds many things.

kuku:
Mukul-dingkarangka balkan: ngananga yamba-yamba wubul ngana mara-bu bungal — kalka, balji, makarr, kaljan; bama yamba-yamba bunga-l kari-bama buyun, wubul karrba yaba.

analysis:
mukul-dingkar-angka balka-ny: ngananga yamba-yamba wubul ngana mara-bu bunga-l — kalka, balji, makarr, kaljan; bama yamba-yamba bunga-l kari-bama buyun, wubul karrba yaba | old-man-ERG say-PAST: our belongings all we hand-INST make-NONPAST — spear, bag, net, canoe; person belongings make-NONPAST NEG-person poor, many hold even

words_used:
["mukul", "dingkar", "balkal", "ngana", "yamba-yamba", "wubul", "mara", "bungal", "kalka", "balji", "makarr", "kaljan", "bama", "buyun", "karrbal", "yaba"]


frame: everyday
loans_used: []
evidence: milbar shell as water-carrier (no attested 'coolamon'); jirka 'spring'; yajin-bunga-l 'fill'
status: revised
confidence: 0.82
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T09:33:56.875229+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T10:14:40.074257+00:00
english:
The father made his daughter a small water-shell to carry water; she filled it at the spring, held it carefully, and did not spill a drop all the way home.

kuku:
Nganjangka jalbu-karrkay-nka milbar buban bana-nka dayan; nyulu jirka-nga yajin-bungan, ngulkurr karrban, kariku bana daran bayan-ba.

analysis:
nganjan-angka jalbu-karrkay-nka milbar buban bana-nka daya-ny; nyulu jirka-nga yajin-bunga-ny, ngulkurr karrba-ny, kariku bana dara-ny bayan-ba | father-ERG girl-DAT shell small water-DAT give-PAST; she spring-LOC full-CAUS-PAST, careful hold-PAST, NEG water fall-PAST house-toward

words_used:
["nganjan", "jalbu", "karrkay", "milbar", "buban", "bana", "dayal", "jirka", "yajin", "ngulkurr", "karrbal", "daray"]


frame: micro_narrative
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.82
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T09:33:56.875229+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:39:02.184312+00:00
english:
The children found an old broken axe in the sand, its handle rotten and its stone dull; the old man said it was his father's, and he cleaned it and kept it in the house.

kuku:
Karrkay-karrkayngku warrbi mukul murrnga-ji jukar-a nyajin, jaba kabu, kulji buyun; mukul-dingkarangka balkan yinya nyungu nganjan-mu, nyulu ngulkurr-bungan, bayan-ba karrban.

analysis:
karrkay-karrkay-ngku warrbi mukul murrnga-ji jukar-a nyaji-ny, jaba kabu, kulji buyun; mukul-dingkar-angka balka-ny yinya nyungu nganjan-mu, nyulu ngulkurr-bunga-ny, bayan-ba karrba-ny | child-child-ERG axe old break-MID sand-LOC see-PAST, handle rotten, stone bad; old-man-ERG say-PAST that his father-POSS, he good-CAUS-PAST, house-LOC hold-PAST

words_used:
["karrkay", "warrbi", "mukul", "murrngal", "jukar", "nyajil", "jaba", "kabu", "kulji", "buyun", "dingkar", "balkal", "nyungu", "nganjan", "karrbal"]

evidence:
jukar 'sand' (batch-062: not janyul); jaba handle; kabu 'rotten' (dict); ngulkurr-bunga-l 'clean/fix up'


frame: micro_narrative
loans_used: []
evidence: marrakan-juku 'canoe-tree'; yiringka-l 'drag' (dict; NOT nyurrba=grind); kija 'moon/month'
status: revised
confidence: 0.81
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T09:33:56.875229+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T10:14:40.074257+00:00
english:
The men cut a canoe-tree, carved it out with fire and axe, and dragged it to the water; it took a whole moon, and when it floated all the camp came to see.

kuku:
Dingkar-dingkarangka marrakan-juku yakan, baya-bu, warrbi-bu yakan, bana-nga yiringkan; kija nyubun dungan, marrakan yaru-ba jana-nya, bama wubul nyaji kadan.

analysis:
dingkar-dingkar-angka marrakan-juku yaka-ny, baya-bu, warrbi-bu yaka-ny, bana-nga yiringka-ny; kija nyubun dunga-ny, marrakan yaru-ba jana-nya, bama wubul nyaji kada-ny | man-man-ERG canoe-tree cut-PAST, fire-INST, axe-INST cut-PAST, water-side drag-PAST; moon one go-PAST, canoe wet-LOC stand-SUB, person many see come-PAST

words_used:
["dingkar", "marrakan", "juku", "yakal", "baya", "warrbi", "bana", "yiringkal", "kija", "nyubun", "dungay", "janay", "bama", "wubul", "nyajil", "kaday"]


frame: teaching
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.81
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T09:33:56.875229+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:39:02.184312+00:00
english:
The white man's knife cut faster than the old shell knife, so the people traded for it; but the old woman kept her shell knife, saying it never spoiled the taste of the fish.

kuku:
Waybala-mu naybu warri yakan, warkal-naybu-ngadiku, bamangka dajiway; yambada mukulungku nyungu warkal-naybu karrban, balkan: warkal-naybu-ngku kuyu kariku buyun-bungal.

analysis:
waybala-mu naybu warri yaka-ny, warkal-naybu-ngadiku, bama-ngka daji-way; yambada mukul-ungku nyungu warkal-naybu karrba-ny, balka-ny: warkal-naybu-ngku kuyu kariku buyun-bunga-l | whitefella-POSS knife fast cut-PAST, shell-knife-more, person-ERG trade-RECIP; but old.woman-ERG her shell-knife hold-PAST, say-PAST: shell-knife-ERG fish NEG bad-CAUS-NONPAST

words_used:
["waybala", "naybu", "warri", "yakal", "warkal", "ngadiku", "bama", "dajil", "mukul", "nyungu", "karrbal", "balkal", "kuyu", "buyun"]

evidence:
naybu knife, warkal-naybu 'shell-knife'; contact-era trade + the old-way kept; buyun-bunga-l 'spoil'


frame: teaching
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.8
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T09:33:56.875229+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:39:02.184312+00:00
english:
The grandfather said: a spear remembers the hand that made it; carve it slowly, hold it well, and it will go true; a spear made in anger flies badly and shames the thrower.

kuku:
Kamingka balkan: kalka mara nyaji nyulu bungan; kiray yaka, ngulkurr karrba, nyulu ngulkurr dungay; kalka kuli-nga bungan buyun dungay, yilba-bama murru-kaday-mal.

analysis:
kami-ngka balka-ny: kalka mara nyaji nyulu bunga-ny; kiray yaka, ngulkurr karrba, nyulu ngulkurr dunga-y; kalka kuli-nga bunga-ny buyun dunga-y, yilba-bama murru-kaday-ma-l | grandfather-ERG say-PAST: spear hand see it make-PAST; slow cut.IMP, well hold.IMP, it well go-NONPAST; spear anger-LOC make-PAST bad go-NONPAST, throw-person shame-INCHO-NONPAST

words_used:
["kami", "balkal", "kalka", "mara", "nyajil", "bungal", "yakal", "kiray", "ngulkurr", "dungay", "kuli", "buyun", "yilbal", "bama", "murru-kaday"]

evidence:
spear-making as care; murru-kaday-ma-l 'become ashamed'; no 'straight' word (use ngulkurr dungay 'goes well')


frame: question
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.81
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T09:33:56.875229+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:39:02.184312+00:00
english:
The children asked what the strange thing was; the old man said it was a white man's axe, heavier and sharper than stone, but it cut down the sacred trees too fast.

kuku:
Karrkay-karrkayngku babajin wanyu nyiku; mukul-dingkarangka balkan yinya waybala-mu warrbi, kulngkul, jalngkun kulji-ngadiku, yambada nyulu juku-ngumu warri yakan.

analysis:
karrkay-karrkay-ngku babaji-ny wanyu nyiku; mukul-dingkar-angka balka-ny yinya waybala-mu warrbi, kulngkul, jalngkun kulji-ngadiku, yambada nyulu juku-ngumu warri yaka-ny | child-child-ERG ask-PAST what this; old-man-ERG say-PAST that whitefella-POSS axe, heavy, sharp stone-more, but it tree-sacred fast cut-PAST

words_used:
["karrkay", "babaji", "wanyu", "nyiku", "mukul", "dingkar", "balkal", "waybala", "warrbi", "kulngkul", "jalngkun", "kulji", "juku", "yakal"]

evidence:
steel axe vs stone axe; kulngkul heavy, -ngadiku comparative; contact-era ambivalence; juku-ngamu 'mother-tree/sacred'


frame: micro_narrative
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.8
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T09:33:56.875229+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:39:02.184312+00:00
english:
The old man carved two clap-sticks, painted them with red ochre, and beat them together to keep the dance; the boys heard them across the camp and came running.

kuku:
Mukul-dingkarangka jaba jambul yakan, murbuy-bu julngkan, muru kunin wuri-nka; karrkayngku bayan wubul-burr milkabu nyajin, warri kadan.

analysis:
mukul-dingkar-angka jaba jambul yaka-ny, murbuy-bu julngka-ny, muru kuni-ny wuri-nka; karrkay-ngku bayan wubul-burr milka-bu nyaji-ny, warri kada-ny | old-man-ERG stick two cut-PAST, red.ochre-INST paint-PAST, together hit-PAST dance-DAT; boy-ERG camp all-PERL ear-INST hear-PAST, fast come-PAST

words_used:
["mukul", "dingkar", "jaba", "jambul", "yakal", "murbuy", "julngkal", "muru", "kunil", "wuri", "karrkay", "bayan", "milka", "nyajil", "warri", "kaday"]

evidence:
clap-sticks (jaba jambul beaten kuni-l); julngka-l paint; milka-bu nyaji-l 'hear' (r.28; NOT ngara-l=build)


frame: everyday
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.82
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T09:33:56.875229+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:39:02.184312+00:00
english:
Today the men go hunting in a car, not on foot; they carry a gun instead of a spear, but the old man still takes his spear-thrower, saying the old way never fails.

kuku:
Nyiku-wungar dingkar-dingkar mudaka-nga balbil, kari jina-bu; jana marrkin wundil, kari kalka; yambada mukul-dingkarangka nyungu balur wundil, balkan: mukul-yalaku kariku buyun-mal.

analysis:
nyiku-wungar dingkar-dingkar mudaka-nga balbi-l, kari jina-bu; jana marrkin wundi-l, kari kalka; yambada mukul-dingkar-angka nyungu balur wundi-l, balka-ny: mukul-yalaku kariku buyun-ma-l | this-day man-man car-LOC hunt-NONPAST, NEG foot-INST; they gun carry-NONPAST, NEG spear; but old-man-ERG his spear.thrower carry-NONPAST, say-PAST: old-custom NEG bad-INCHO-NONPAST

words_used:
["wungar", "dingkar", "mudaka", "balbi", "kari", "jina", "marrkin", "wundil", "kalka", "mukul", "nyungu", "balur", "balkal", "yalaku"]

evidence:
contemporary: mudaka car, marrkin gun (loans) vs traditional kalka/balur; mukul-yalaku 'old custom/way'


frame: teaching
loans_used: []
evidence: gilaja 'glass' (loan); ngurmu woomera; museum vs living-object contrast; juran 'alive' (predicate)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.81
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T09:33:56.875229+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:39:02.184312+00:00
english:
The museum keeps the old weapons behind glass: the war spear, the shield, the woomera; but the grandmother says a weapon in a glass box is dead, for a spear is alive only in the hand that throws it.

kuku:
Kilaja-bayanba mukul-jarrngkurr karrbal: kuyan, kunjuri, ngurmu; yambada babingka balkan: jarrngkurr kilaja-nga wulan, kalka mara-nga nyubun juran, yilba-mara-nga.

analysis:
kilaja-bayan-ba mukul-jarrngkurr karrba-l: kuyan, kunjuri, ngurmu; yambada babi-ngka balka-ny: jarrngkurr kilaja-nga wula-ny, kalka mara-nga nyubun juran, yilba-mara-nga | glass-house-LOC old-weapon hold-NONPAST: war.spear, shield, woomera; but grandmother-ERG say-PAST: weapon glass-LOC die-PAST, spear hand-LOC only alive, throw-hand-LOC

words_used:
["gilaja", "bayan", "mukul", "jarrngkurr", "karrbal", "kuyan", "kunjuri", "ngurmu", "babi", "balkal", "wulay", "kalka", "mara", "juran", "yilbal"]


frame: teaching
loans_used: []
evidence: warrbi-kulji stone-axe; generational transmission; milka-nga karrba-l 'hold in mind/remember'
status: accepted
confidence: 0.81
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T09:33:56.875229+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T09:39:02.184312+00:00
english:
The old man gave his grandson the last stone axe and said: this is older than any of us; it built the humpies of our grandfathers; keep it, and when you are old, put it in the hand of a child who will remember.

kuku:
Mukul-dingkarangka nyungu kami-karrkay warrbi-kulji ngadiku-nyubun dayan, balkan: nyiku ngana wubul-ngadiku mukul; nyulu ngananga kami-karra-mu bayan ngaran; yundu karrba, yundu mukul-manya, karrkay-mu mara-nga wuna, nyulu milka-nga karrbal.

analysis:
mukul-dingkar-angka nyungu kami-karrkay warrbi-kulji ngadiku-nyubun daya-ny, balka-ny: nyiku ngana wubul-ngadiku mukul; nyulu ngananga kami-karra-mu bayan ngara-ny; yundu karrba, yundu mukul-manya, karrkay-mu mara-nga wuna, nyulu milka-nga karrba-l | old-man-ERG his grandchild axe-stone last give-PAST, say-PAST: this we all-more old; it our grandfather-PL-POSS house build-PAST; you hold.IMP, you old-SUB, child-POSS hand-LOC put.IMP, he mind-LOC hold-NONPAST

words_used:
["mukul", "dingkar", "nyungu", "kami", "karrkay", "warrbi", "kulji", "dayal", "balkal", "nyiku", "ngana", "wubul", "bayan", "ngaral", "karrbal", "milka"]


frame: question
words_used: ["wanya", "kaday", "bama", "yindu", "kuyu", "damal", "mukul", "dingkar", "wubul", "dajil"]
loans_used: []
evidence: wanya 'who' ABS (S/O); wanyangka 'who' ERG (transitive A) — 'who' takes POTENT case set
status: accepted
confidence: 0.87
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T09:56:19.017411+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T10:02:32.119008+00:00
english:
Who came? A stranger came. Who speared the fish? The old man speared it, and he shared it with everyone.

kuku:
Wanya kadan? Bama yindu kadan. Wanyangka kuyu daman? Mukul-dingkarangka daman, nyulu bama wubul-ku daji-way.

analysis:
wanya kada-ny? bama yindu kada-ny. wanya-ngka kuyu dama-ny? mukul-dingkar-angka dama-ny, nyulu bama wubul-ku daji-way | who come-PAST? person other come-PAST. who-ERG fish spear-PAST? old-man-ERG spear-PAST, he person all-DAT share-RECIP


frame: question
words_used: ["wanyamba", "kaya", "nyiku", "yaba", "bayan", "yinya", "yalbay", "bubu", "mukul"]
loans_used: []
evidence: wanyamba 'whose' (POSS of wanya, Table 3.10 — canonical; wanya-mu a regularized variant)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.86
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T09:56:19.017411+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T10:02:32.119008+00:00
english:
Whose dog is this? This dog is my brother's. And whose house is that big one? That house belongs to the old people of this country.

kuku:
Wanyamba kaya nyiku? Nyiku kaya ngayku yaba-mu. Wanyamba bayan yinya yalbay? Yinya bayan nyiku bubu-mu mukul-mukul-mu.

analysis:
wanyamba kaya nyiku? nyiku kaya ngayku yaba-mu. wanyamba bayan yinya yalbay? yinya bayan nyiku bubu-mu mukul-mukul-mu | whose dog this? this dog my elder.brother-POSS. whose house that big? that house this country-POSS old-old-POSS


