# sentences

frame: teaching
words_used: ["bilngkumu", "maraji"]
loans_used: []
evidence: prohibitive kari+IMP x2; INCHO+PRECAUT; bayan-da n-final ERG
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T03:58:03.158282+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:11:23.257747+00:00
english:
Do not swim in the deep water at dusk, the old woman ordered the children, and do not wash fish close to the water, lest the crocodile learn that this camp feeds it, for the crocodile holds in its ear every heedless camp on the river.

kuku:
Kari maraji bana dukurrba miyil-wujurr-wujurrba, wulbumanangka karrkay-karrkay balkan, kari kuyu julurrika bana ngundu, bilngkumu binal-manyji yinya bayanda nyulu mayi-dayal, bilngkumungku karrbal milkanga bayan milka-kari nyubun-nyubun wawubajanga.

analysis:
kari maraji bana dukurr-ba miyil-wujurr-wujurr-ba, wulbuman-angka karrkay-karrkay balka-ny, kari kuyu julurri-ka bana ngundu, bilngkumu binal-ma-nyji yinya bayan-da nyulu mayi-daya-l, bilngkumu-ngku karrba-l milka-nga bayan milka-kari nyubun-nyubun wawubaja-nga | NEG swim! water deep-LOC dusk-LOC, old.woman children said, NEG fish wash! water close.by, crocodile know-INCHO-PRECAUT this camp-ERG it food-gives, crocodile-ERG holds ear-LOC camp heedless each river-LOC


frame: teaching
words_used: ["kunba-y-mani", "wandi-nyjiku"]
loans_used: []
evidence: SUCC x2, direct 165 echo; zero IMP yilba
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T03:58:03.158282+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:11:23.257747+00:00
english:
Finish the fish before your father wakes, the old woman said quietly to the children, and throw the bones to the fire before the dogs come, for a camp that moves fast after eating stands with nothing to be said against it.

kuku:
Kuyu kunbay-mana nganjan wandinyjiku, wulbumanangka karrkay-karrkay balkan wunbu, bajibay yilba bayaka kaya kadanyjiku, bayan nyulu warri murnil nukanmuny, nyulu kuku-kari janay.

analysis:
kuyu kunba-y-mana nganjan wandi-nyjiku, wulbuman-angka karrkay-karrkay balka-ny wunbu, bajibay yilba baya-ka kaya kada-nyjiku, bayan nyulu warri murni-l nuka-ny-muny, nyulu kuku-kari jana-y | fish finish!(y-CAUS) father wake-SUCC, old.woman children said quiet, bone throw! fire-DAT dog come-SUCC, camp it fast acts eating-after, it word-less stands


frame: narrative
words_used: ["yirrka-y", "wula-nyjiku", "wukurril", "kulur"]
loans_used: []
evidence: SUCC direct 166 echo (yirrka-ny wula-nyjiku); yirrka-y shout 152
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T03:58:03.158282+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:11:23.257747+00:00
english:
He cried out before he died, the old people still tell of the man taken at the river crossing, and that cry turned back the three young men following behind him, so they say: a person's last word is the truest thing he leaves his people.

kuku:
Nyulu yirrkan wulanyjiku, bama mukulungku yabarrka balkal dingkarmuny bana-baralba maninmuny, kuku yinyabu warru kulur wukurrinya murnin baja, yalada jana balkal: kuku bada bamamuny nyulu yamba yukil bajaku jawun-karranka.

analysis:
nyulu yirrka-ny wula-nyjiku, bama mukul-ungku yabarrka balka-l dingkar-muny bana-baral-ba mani-ny-muny, kuku yinya-bu warru kulur wukurri-nya murni-ny baja, yala-da jana balka-l: kuku bada bama-muny nyulu yamba yukil bajaku jawun-karra-nka | he cried.out die-SUCC, people old-ERG still tell man-of crossing-LOC taken-of, word that-ERG young.man three follow-SUB turned back, so they say: word last person-of it thing true most family-DAT


frame: teaching
words_used: ["waju-nku", "dama-nka", "yabaju"]
loans_used: []
evidence: PURP direct echoes 160 (waju-nku) + 161 (binal dama-nka); potent LOC -anda
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T03:58:03.158282+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:11:23.257747+00:00
english:
The young one wants to cook, the old woman smiled a little, but wanting is the younger brother of knowing how, so she stood beside the girl at the fire: he who knows how to spear learned it spearing, she who knows how to cook learns it cooking, and the first food burnt hard — that too is teaching.

kuku:
Buban wawu-manil wajunku, wulbuman yajarr-man buban, yambada wawu-manil nyulu yabaju binalmuny, yalada nyulu janan ngundu jalbu-bubananda bayanga: nyulu binal damanka nyulu binalman damanya, nyulu binal wajunku nyulu binal-mal wajunya, mayi ngadiku wajun bajaku, yinya baja milbil.

analysis:
buban wawu-ma-ni-l waju-nku, wulbuman yajarr-ma-ny buban, yambada wawu-ma-ni-l nyulu yabaju binal-muny, yala-da nyulu jana-ny ngundu jalbu-buban-anda baya-nga: nyulu binal dama-nka nyulu binal-ma-ny dama-nya, nyulu binal waju-nku nyulu binal-ma-l waju-nya, mayi ngadiku waju-ny bajaku, yinya baja milbi-l | young.one wants cook-PURP, old.woman laughed(INCHO) little, but wanting it younger.brother knowing-of, so she stood close.by girl-LOC fire-LOC: he knows spear-PURP he learned spear-SUB, she knows cook-PURP she learns(INCHO) cook-SUB, food first burnt hard, that too teaches


frame: narrative
words_used: ["dunga-nyaku", "jalkar", "kulur"]
loans_used: []
evidence: IRR dunga-nyaku (158 pattern); kulur three; y-conj IMP dunga-y
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T03:58:03.158282+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:11:23.257747+00:00
english:
We would have crossed in the morning, the old man admitted at the fire, but we slept long, and the river came up while we lay there, so we sat on the wrong bank for three days, and he told the young men: the river does not wait for a person while he sleeps, cross when the water says cross.

kuku:
Ngana bana-baral dunganyaku muduwajuny, mukulungku dingkarangka balkan bayanga, yambada ngana wunan kalbay, wawubaja wangkar kadan ngana wunanya, yalada ngana bundan jalkara mumbuba wungar kulurku, nyulu warru-warru milbin: wawubaja kariku janay bamanka wunanya, dungay bana balkanya dungay.

analysis:
ngana bana-baral dunga-nyaku muduwajuny, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka balka-ny baya-nga, yambada ngana wuna-ny kalbay, wawubaja wangkar kada-ny ngana wuna-nya, yala-da ngana bunda-ny jalkar-a mumbu-ba wungar kulur-ku, nyulu warru-warru milbi-ny: wawubaja kariku jana-y bama-nka wuna-nya, dunga-y bana balka-nya dunga-y | we crossing go-IRR at-dawn, old man said fire-LOC, but we slept long, river up came we lie-SUB, so we sat bank-LOC wrong-LOC day three-DAT, he young.men told: river never stands(waits) person-DAT sleep-SUB, cross! water say-SUB cross!


frame: teaching
words_used: ["kanga", "yirrka-y", "murru"]
loans_used: []
evidence: prohibitive kari+IMP x3, direct 149/152 echoes; surface y-deletion kari warri
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T03:58:03.158282+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:11:23.257747+00:00
english:
Don't chase the dog near the fire, don't shout close to the sleeping baby, and don't run with the pointed stick in your hand — the old woman threw the three old no-words at the children like three quick spears, and then laughed: behind every one of them lies a mark, from me, from my mother, from her mother.

kuku:
Kari kanga kaya baya ngundu, kari yirrkay ngawa ngundu wunanya, kari warri juku murru-ji maranga, wulbumanangka kuku-kari kulur yilban karrkay-karrkaynka yala kalka kulur warri, yalada yajarr-man: nyubun-nyubunba jina wunay, ngaykumuny, ngamumuny, babimuny.

analysis:
kari kanga kaya baya ngundu, kari yirrka-y ngawa ngundu wuna-nya, kari warri-y juku murru-ji mara-nga, wulbuman-angka kuku-kari kulur yilba-ny karrkay-karrkay-nka yala kalka kulur warri, yala-da yajarr-ma-ny: nyubun-nyubun-ba jina wuna-y, ngayku-muny, ngamu-muny, babi-muny | NEG chase! dog fire close.by, NEG shout! baby close.by sleep-SUB, NEG run! stick point-COMIT hand-LOC, old.woman-ERG no-word three threw children-DAT like spear three fast, then laughed(INCHO): each-LOC mark lies, me-from, mother-from, granny-from


frame: teaching
words_used: ["murraja", "jina-baji", "yununy", "ngakiji"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T03:58:03.158282+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:11:23.257747+00:00
english:
Walk slow and flat on the sea stones, the old man taught, and look twice at every stone, lest the stonefish poke you the way it poked old Sore-Foot long ago, for the points of the sea hide themselves among plain stones, and the hurrying foot cries longest.

kuku:
Jilba buban-buban jalun kuljinga, mukulungku dingkarangka milbin, nyaji jambulku kulji nyubun-nyubun, murrajabu yununy bakanyji yala nyulu jina-baji bakan ngadiku, murru jalunmuny ngakiji kulji ngangaba, jina warri-warri nyulu badi kalbay bajaku.

analysis:
jilba buban-buban jalun kulji-nga, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka milbi-ny, nyaji jambul-ku kulji nyubun-nyubun, murraja-bu yununy baka-nyji yala nyulu jina-baji baka-ny ngadiku, murru jalun-muny ngakiji-y kulji nganga-ba, jina warri-warri nyulu badi-y kalbay bajaku | walk! slowly sea stone-LOC, old man taught, see! twice stone each, stonefish-ERG you poke-PRECAUT as it Sore-Foot poked long.ago, point sea-of hide(ITR) stone plain-LOC, foot hurrying it cries long most

evidence:
murraja stonefish grammar 6507; jina-baji nickname grammar 647; yununy 2sg ACC; PRECAUT; y-deletion ngakiji/badi


frame: narrative
words_used: ["makarr", "wundil", "bangka-nka", "birmba", "jilu-jilu"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T03:58:03.158282+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:11:23.257747+00:00
english:
They took the net to catch a lot of fish, but they forgot the bag for carrying them home, the old man laughed about his own young days, so we stood like ibis birds with our arms full, and the teaching is: see the whole road, not only the shining part where the fish are.

kuku:
Jana makarr wundin kuyu wubul bangkanka, yambada jana balji milka-wulan kuyu wundinka bayanka, mukulungku dingkarangka yajarr-man wungar warrumuny nyungu-nyungumuny, ngana janan yala birmba wakuy jakal-ji, milbil nyulu yala: nyaji baral wubulku, kari nganga bubu jilu-jilu kuyu wunanya.

analysis:
jana makarr wundi-ny kuyu wubul bangka-nka, yambada jana balji milka-wula-ny kuyu wundi-nka bayan-ka, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka yajarr-ma-ny wungar warru-muny nyungu-nyungu-muny, ngana jana-ny yala birmba wakuy jakal-ji, milbi-l nyulu yala: nyaji baral wubul-ku, kari nganga bubu jilu-jilu kuyu wuna-nya | they net took fish many catch-PURP, but they bag forgot fish carry-PURP home-DAT, old man laughed(INCHO) day young-of own-of, we stood like ibis arm full-COMIT, teaching it this: see! road whole, NEG only place shining fish lie-SUB

evidence:
PURP direct 162 echo (makarr wundi-ny ... bangka-nka); wundi-l take/carry 2750; birmba ibis; jilu-jilu glossy 9249


frame: teaching
words_used: ["kararr", "jarba", "wuna-nyji"]
loans_used: []
evidence: kararr blanket grammar 153; PRECAUT + PURP chain; zero IMPs murni/wuna
status: accepted
confidence: 0.92
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T03:58:03.158282+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:11:23.257747+00:00
english:
Turn the blanket before you lie down, and turn it again in the morning, the old man told the boys at the cattle camp, lest the snake sleep where you want to sleep, for the small piercing creatures love a warm dark camp that somebody else has built.

kuku:
Kararr murni, yalada wuna, murni baja muduwajuny, mukulungku dingkarangka buban-buban milbin bulki-bayanba, jarba wunanyji wanja yundu wawu-manil wunanka, minya bakal-bama buban jana wawu-manil bayan wumbul wujurr bama yindubu murninmuny.

analysis:
kararr murni, yala-da wuna, murni baja muduwajuny, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka buban-buban milbi-ny bulki-bayan-ba, jarba wuna-nyji wanja yundu wawu-ma-ni-l wuna-nka, minya bakal-bama buban jana wawu-ma-ni-l bayan wumbul wujurr bama yindu-bu murni-ny-muny | blanket turn!, then lie!, turn! again at-dawn, old man boys told cattle-camp-LOC, snake sleep-PRECAUT where you want lie-PURP, creature piercer small they love camp warm dark person other-ERG built-of


frame: narrative
words_used: ["wuna-nyaku", "dakal", "kunarangkal", "ngurrban"]
loans_used: []
evidence: IRR; dakal climb + CAUS; kunarangkal midnight (correct sense); y-final ERG -nja
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T03:58:03.158282+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:11:23.257747+00:00
english:
We would have stayed on the sand that night, the old woman remembered, the walk had been long and our legs were tired, but the old man read the clouds and made us climb to the high ground, and before the middle of the night the flood took the whole sandbank, so I am alive today because tired legs listened to a hard word.

kuku:
Ngana jukara wunanyaku wujurr yinyanga, wulbuman milka-binalku, jilba kalbay ngarri baja-burray, yambada mukulungku dingkarangka ngurrban nyajin ngana dakal-bungan bubu wangkarku, kunarangkal ngadiku bana-yalbaybu jukar wubulku manin, yalada ngayu juran nyiku, ngarri baja-burraynja kuku dandi milka-janan.

analysis:
ngana jukar-a wuna-nyaku wujurr yinya-nga, wulbuman milka-binalku, jilba kalbay ngarri baja-burray, yambada mukul-ungku dingkar-angka ngurrban nyaji-ny ngana dakal-bunga-ny bubu wangkar-ku, kunarangkal ngadiku bana-yalbay-bu jukar wubul-ku mani-ny, yala-da ngayu juran nyiku, ngarri baja-burray-nja kuku dandi milka-jana-ny | we sand-LOC stay-IRR night that-LOC, old.woman remembers, walk long leg tired, but old man-ERG cloud read us climb-CAUS ground high-DAT, midnight before flood-ERG sand whole took, so I alive today, leg tired-ERG word hard listened


frame: teaching
words_used: ["kujil", "maral", "ngunjil"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T03:58:03.158282+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:11:23.257747+00:00
english:
Grandmother told the girl to look after the baby at the shallow water, and the girl held that job like a hot coal in her two hands, never looking away, for the old law of the water is short: the one who watches a child must be older in the eyes than in the years.

kuku:
Babingka maral balkan, ngawa kujinka bana bubanba, maralangka murni yinya karrban yala ngunjil wumbul marabu jambulbu, kariku nyajin yinduku, kuku mukul banamuny nyulu buban: bama nyulu karrkay nyajil, nyulu mukul-baja miyilba wungarmuny.

analysis:
babi-ngka maral balka-ny, ngawa kuji-nka bana buban-ba, maral-angka murni yinya karrba-ny yala ngunjil wumbul mara-bu jambul-bu, kariku nyaji-ny yindu-ku, kuku mukul bana-muny nyulu buban: bama nyulu karrkay nyaji-l, nyulu mukul-baja miyil-ba wungar-muny | grandmother-ERG girl told, baby look.after-PURP water shallow-LOC, girl-ERG job that held like coal hot hand-INST two-INST, never looked other-DAT, law old water-of it short: person he child watches, he old-DEG2 eye-LOC year-from

evidence:
jussive frame = direct [A 415] echo (Babi-ngka maral balka-ny, ngawa kuji-nka); maral/babi-ngka ERG anchors


frame: teaching
words_used: ["kalal", "wunba", "dakil", "kabu", "daray"]
loans_used: []
status: revised
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:02:05.973373+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
Tie the vine twice, then go up the tree for the honey, the old man taught, lest the rotten branch drop you from the height, for the honey will still be there tomorrow, but a broken back takes a long time to become well.

kuku:
Kalal kaja jambulku, yalada wandi wangkar jukuku wunbaka, mukulungku dingkarangka milbin, dakil kabubu yununy daray-maninyji wangkarmuny, wunba nyulu janay wunkuny baja, yambada muku dumbarrinmuny nyulu wungar kalbay yukil-malka.

analysis:
kalal kaja jambul-ku, yala-da wandi wangkar juku-ku wunba-ka, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka milbi-ny, dakil kabu-bu yununy daray-ma-ni-nyji wangkar-muny, wunba nyulu jana-y wunkuny baja, yambada muku dumbarri-ny-muny nyulu wungar kalbay yukil-ma-nka | vine tie! twice, then rise! up tree-DAT honey-DAT, old man taught, branch rotten-ERG you fall-CAUS-PRECAUT height-from, honey it stands tomorrow too, but back broken-of it time long well-become-DAT

evidence:
kalal vine (042 errata); wunba honey (errata); daray-mani drop = 157 kari daray-mana base; CAUS+PRECAUT


frame: teaching
words_used: ["bangka-nyaku", "badur", "bala"]
loans_used: []
evidence: IRR; badur fishing line 158; bala skinny/thin; IMP -ka yulmbarri-ka
status: accepted
confidence: 0.92
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:02:05.973373+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:11:23.257747+00:00
english:
I would have caught the big one, every fisherman says, and the old woman laughs at them all: the line was too thin, the sun was in my eyes, the bank was wrong — but the caught fish is the only one the camp can eat, so praise the small caught one, not the big escaped one.

kuku:
Ngayu kuyu yalbay bangkanyaku, balbi-bama nyubun-nyubun balkal, wulbuman yajarr-mal jananka wubulku: badur bala bajaku, wungar miyilba ngayku, jalkar mumbu, yambada kuyu maninmuny nyulu nyubun nganga bayanda nukalmuny, yalada yulmbarrika kuyu buban maninmuny, kari kuyu yalbay warrinmuny.

analysis:
ngayu kuyu yalbay bangka-nyaku, balbi-bama nyubun-nyubun balka-l, wulbuman yajarr-ma-l jana-nka wubul-ku: badur bala bajaku, wungar miyil-ba ngayku, jalkar mumbu, yambada kuyu mani-ny-muny nyulu nyubun nganga bayan-da nuka-l-muny, yala-da yulmbarri-ka kuyu buban mani-ny-muny, kari kuyu yalbay warri-ny-muny | I fish big catch-IRR, fisherman each says, old.woman laughs(INCHO) them-DAT all: line thin too, sun eye-LOC my, bank wrong, but fish caught-of it one only camp-ERG eating-of, so praise! fish small caught-of, NEG fish big escaped-of


frame: teaching
words_used: ["kami", "wanjaburr", "jina-bunga"]
loans_used: []
evidence: PURP chain; kami grandfather kin ERG; recipient LOC ngamu-nda; suppletive IMP mana
status: revised
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:02:05.973373+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The boy sharpened his spear to go hunting at first light, and his grandfather watched without a word until the end, then said: take the water bag, tell your mother which way you are going, and mark the trees as you go in deep, for wanting to hunt is one thing, and coming home is the whole of it.

kuku:
Bubanangka kalka junkurr-bungan dunganka muduwajuny balbinka, kamingka nyajin kuku-kari badaku, yalada balkan: bana-balji mana, ngamunda balka wanjaburr yundu dungay, juku jina-bunga yundu dunganya dukurrku, wawu-manil balbinka nyulu yamba nyubun, kaday bayanka nyulu yamba wubulku.

analysis:
buban-angka kalka junkurr-bunga-ny dunga-nka muduwajuny balbi-nka, kami-ngka nyaji-ny kuku-kari bada-ku, yala-da balka-ny: bana-balji mana, ngamu-nda balka wanjaburr yundu dunga-y, juku jina-bunga yundu dunga-nya dukurr-ku, wawu-ma-ni-l balbi-nka nyulu yamba nyubun, kada-y bayan-ka nyulu yamba wubul-ku | boy-ERG spear sharpened go-PURP at-dawn hunt-DAT, grandfather-ERG watched word-less end-DAT, then said: water-bag take!, mother-LOC tell! which.way you go, tree mark! you go-SUB deep-DAT, wanting hunt-DAT it thing one, coming home-DAT it thing all


frame: teaching
words_used: ["bangkan", "dandi-ma-nyjiku", "nanda-ji-nyjiku"]
loans_used: []
evidence: SUCC x3 incl. on INCHO and on ITR stem; zero IMPs baka/yaka
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:02:05.973373+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:11:23.257747+00:00
english:
Dig the roots before the ground hardens, the old woman ordered in the late wet season, and cut the wood before the rain comes back, for the country makes its own times, and the person who works before the road closes eats, while the slow one stands outside.

kuku:
Bangkan baka bubu dandi-manyjiku, wulbumanangka balkan bana-wungar badanga, juku yaka bana kadanyjiku baja, bubu-bu wungar nyungu-nyungu bungal, bama nyulu murnil baral nandajinyjiku nyulu nukal, bama buban-buban nyulu janay ngalkalba.

analysis:
bangkan baka bubu dandi-ma-nyjiku, wulbuman-angka balka-ny bana-wungar bada-nga, juku yaka bana kada-nyjiku baja, bubu-bu wungar nyungu-nyungu bunga-l, bama nyulu murni-l baral nanda-ji-nyjiku nyulu nuka-l, bama buban-buban nyulu jana-y ngalkal-ba | root dig! ground hard-become-SUCC, old.woman said wet-season late-LOC, wood cut! rain come-SUCC too, country-ERG time its-own makes, person he works road close-SUCC he eats, person slow he stands outside-LOC


frame: teaching
words_used: ["naybu", "yirrka-y", "bada-mani"]
loans_used: ["naybu"]
evidence: PRECAUT nuka-l-nyji; naybu knife loan anchor; y-conj IMPs jana-y/yirrka-y
status: accepted
confidence: 0.92
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:02:05.973373+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:11:23.257747+00:00
english:
Stay close to the camp, where you can hear its voice, the old woman told the small ones, lest the scrub eat you the way it eats a lost knife, and if the dark catches you out there, stand still, hold a tree, and shout strongly, for a standing shouter is found by dawn, but a walking crier walks away from every searcher.

kuku:
Janay ngundu bayanba, kuku milka-jananka, wulbumanangka karrkay-buban milbin, majajibu yununy nukalnyji yala nyulu naybu bada-maninmuny nukal, kaki wujurrbu yununy manil yinyanga, janay warri-kari, juku karrba, yirrkay junkurrbu, bama janay yirrkanya bamangka nyulu manil muduwajuny, yambada bama jilbal badinya nyulu jilbal kala-kalbay balbil-bamamuny nyubun-nyubunmuny.

analysis:
jana-y ngundu bayan-ba, kuku milka-jana-nka, wulbuman-angka karrkay-buban milbi-ny, majaji-bu yununy nuka-l-nyji yala nyulu naybu bada-mani-ny-muny nuka-l, kaki wujurr-bu yununy mani-l yinya-nga, jana-y warri-kari, juku karrba, yirrka-y junkurr-bu, bama jana-y yirrka-nya bama-ngka nyulu mani-l muduwajuny, yambada bama jilba-l badi-nya nyulu jilba-l kala-kalbay balbil-bama-muny nyubun-nyubun-muny | stand! close.by camp-LOC, voice hear-PURP, old.woman little.ones told, scrub-ERG you eat-PRECAUT as it knife lost-of eats, if dark-ERG you catches there-LOC, stand! move-less, tree hold!, shout! strength-INST, person standing shout-SUB people-ERG him find at-dawn, but person walking cry-SUB he walks far.away searcher-from each-from


frame: narrative
words_used: ["bawa-nyaku", "kaya-ngka"]
loans_used: []
evidence: IRR direct 2750 echo (ngalkal-ba bawa-nyaku); kaya-ngka dog potent ERG anchor
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:02:05.973373+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:11:23.257747+00:00
english:
You should have left the dog outside — the old man quoted the oldest growl in the language when the camp dog stole the meat, and everybody laughed, for people have said that sentence in this country for as long as dogs have followed people home, and they will say it tomorrow too.

kuku:
Yundu kaya bawanyaku ngalkalba, mukulungku dingkarangka kuku mukul bajaku balkan, kayangka minya manin bayanmuny, bama wubulku yajarr-man, kuku yinya bamangka balkal bubungu yabarrka, kaya ngadiku bama wukurrinmuny bayanka, jana nyulu balkal wunkuny baja.

analysis:
yundu kaya bawa-nyaku ngalkal-ba, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka kuku mukul bajaku balka-ny, kaya-ngka minya mani-ny bayan-muny, bama wubul-ku yajarr-ma-ny, kuku yinya bama-ngka balka-l bubu-ngu yabarrka, kaya ngadiku bama wukurri-ny-muny bayan-ka, jana nyulu balka-l wunkuny baja | you dog leave-IRR outside-LOC, old man word old most said, dog-ERG meat took camp-from, people all laughed(INCHO), sentence that people-ERG say country-LOC always, dog first person followed-of home-DAT, they it say tomorrow too


frame: question
words_used: ["jana-nyji", "kija-ma-nyji"]
loans_used: []
evidence: PRECAUT x3 chain; metalinguistic quoted 'nyji'; potent DAT bama-nka
status: revised
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:02:05.973373+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:18:45.190799+00:00
english:
Why do the old people say lest so often? a girl asked, and the old woman showed her on her fingers: eat slowly lest the food stand in the throat, watch the sky lest the storm catch you, give meat to the others lest the camp grow cold, and then she said: the little word lest is a shelter built out of other people's sorrows.

kuku:
Wanyurrinku bama mukulungku balkal kuku 'nyji' wubulku bajaku? jalbu-buban babajin, wulbumanangka birribu milbin: nuka buban-buban mayi jananyji manungu, nyaji jiri jarramalibu yununy maninyji, minya daya bamanka yindunka bayan kiway-manyji, yalada nyulu balkan: kuku buban 'nyji' nyulu bayan murninmuny wawu-mumbumuny bama yindumuny.

analysis:
wanyurrinku bama mukul-ungku balka-l kuku 'nyji' wubul-ku bajaku? jalbu-buban babaji-ny, wulbuman-angka birri-bu milbi-ny: nuka buban-buban mayi jana-nyji manu-ngu, nyaji jiri jarramali-bu yununy mani-nyji, minya daya bama-nka yindu-nka bayan kiway-ma-nyji, yala-da nyulu balka-ny: kuku buban 'nyji' nyulu bayan murni-ny-muny wawu-mumbu-muny bama yindu-muny | why people old-ERG say word lest many very? girl asked, old.woman finger-INST showed: eat! slowly food stand-PRECAUT throat-LOC, watch! sky storm-ERG you catch-PRECAUT, meat give! person-DAT other-DAT camp cold-become-PRECAUT, then she said: word little lest it shelter built-of sorrow-of person other-of


frame: teaching
words_used: ["walu-dandi", "mani-nyjiku", "nganjan-anka"]
loans_used: []
evidence: SUCC; potent DAT nganjan-anka anchor; walu-dandi from r.36
status: accepted
confidence: 0.92
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:02:05.973373+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:11:23.257747+00:00
english:
Say the soft things while the ears can still hear them, the old woman told the proud young man, go to your father before the long sleep takes him, for a visit made in its right day is short and light, but the visit not made walks close beside you for the whole rest of your life.

kuku:
Balka kuku kima milka milka-jananya baja, wulbumanangka warru walu-dandinka milbin, dungay nganjananka nyulu warngku kalbaybu maninyjiku, jilba murninmuny wungara nyulu buban kima, yambada jilba kari murninmuny nyulu jilbal yundu ngundu wawu wubulku.

analysis:
balka kuku kima milka milka-jana-nya baja, wulbuman-angka warru walu-dandi-nka milbi-ny, dunga-y nganjan-anka nyulu warngku kalbay-bu mani-nyjiku, jilba murni-ny-muny wungar-a nyulu buban kima, yambada jilba kari murni-ny-muny nyulu jilba-l yundu ngundu wawu wubul-ku | say! word soft ear hear-SUB still, old.woman young.man stubborn-DAT told, go! father-DAT it sleep long-ERG take-SUCC, visit made-of day-LOC it short soft, but visit NEG made-of it walks you close.by life whole-DAT


frame: teaching
words_used: ["muyar", "bana-baral", "warru-dunyu"]
loans_used: []
evidence: PRECAUT x2; ngandal 'mouth' extended to opening (transparent); muyar wind
status: accepted
confidence: 0.92
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:02:05.973373+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:11:23.257747+00:00
english:
Build the shelter with its back to the sea wind, the old man taught the young couple, lest the big wind of the storm time find the shelter's mouth, and dig the small channel around it lest the water lie in the camp, for the storm leaves alone the one who acted first, and all the others it teaches.

kuku:
Bayan bunga muku muyarka jalunmuny, mukulungku dingkarangka warru-dunyu milbin, muyar yalbay jarramalimuny bayan ngandal maninyji, bana-baral buban baka bayan ngundumuny, bana wunanyji bayanba, jarramalibu bama murninmuny ngadiku bawal, bama yindu wubulku nyulu milbil.

analysis:
bayan bunga muku muyar-ka jalun-muny, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka warru-dunyu milbi-ny, muyar yalbay jarramali-muny bayan ngandal mani-nyji, bana-baral buban baka bayan ngundu-muny, bana wuna-nyji bayan-ba, jarramali-bu bama murni-ny-muny ngadiku bawa-l, bama yindu wubul-ku nyulu milbi-l | shelter build! back wind-DAT sea-from, old man young-couple taught, wind big storm.time-of shelter mouth find-PRECAUT, channel small dig! camp around-from, water lie-PRECAUT camp-LOC, storm-ERG person acted-of first leaves, person other all it teaches


frame: narrative
words_used: ["binal-ma-nyaku", "wulngku", "mukul-anji"]
loans_used: []
evidence: IRR on INCHO stem; potent COMIT -anji; PURP wula-nka; quoted 'yalada'
status: revised
confidence: 0.92
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:02:05.973373+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
I would have learned the old songs, a grown man admitted at the sad fire, I always meant to sit close by the old man next wet season, and the old woman did not soften it: the songs are not standing waiting somewhere, they lay as a fire in one body, so sit with your old people this wet season now, for the word later is the place where songs go to die.

kuku:
Ngayu wulngku mukul binal-manyaku, bama-yalbay balkan wungar wawu-mumbuba, ngayu wawu-manin bundanka ngundu dingkaranda bana-wungar yinduba, wulbumanangka kari kuku kima-bungan: wulngku kariku janay wanjaba, jana wunan baya bangkarrba nyubunba, yalada bunda bama mukulanji bana-wungar nyiku, kuku 'yalada' nyulu bubu wanja wulngku dungay wulanka.

analysis:
ngayu wulngku mukul binal-ma-nyaku, bama-yalbay balka-ny wungar wawu-mumbu-ba, ngayu wawu-mani-ny bunda-nka ngundu dingkar-anda bana-wungar yindu-ba, wulbuman-angka kari kuku kima-bunga-ny: wulngku kariku jana-y wanja-ba, jana wuna-ny baya bangkarr-ba nyubun-ba, yala-da bunda bama mukul-anji bana-wungar nyiku, kuku 'yalada' nyulu bubu wanja wulngku dunga-y wula-nka | I song old learn-INCHO-IRR, grown.man said day sorrow-LOC, I wanted sit-DAT close.by old.man-LOC wet-season other-LOC, old.woman-ERG NEG word soft-CAUS: song never stands where-LOC, they lay fire body-LOC one-LOC, so sit! people old-COMIT wet-season now, word later it place where song goes die-PURP


frame: teaching
words_used: ["kulngu", "bikibiki", "kanga-nka", "jakay-dandi"]
loans_used: []
evidence: PURP chase chain (kanga-l 149); kulngu bandicoot anchor; suppletive IMP wawu-mana
status: accepted
confidence: 0.92
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:02:05.973373+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:11:23.257747+00:00
english:
The one who goes out wanting everything comes home carrying nothing, the old man said of a greedy hunter: he left the bandicoot to chase the pig, left the pig to chase the turtle, and walked back in the dark with empty hands and a full story, so want one thing at a time, the way the spear wants one fish.

kuku:
Bama nyulu dungay wawu-manil yamba wubulku, nyulu kaday bayanka mara-nganga, mukulungku dingkarangka balkan balbi-bamamuny jakay-dandimuny: nyulu kulngu bawan bikibiki kanganka, bikibiki bawan ngawuya kanganka, nyulu jilban baja wujurrba mara-nganga kuku-jangkar jakal-ji, yalada wawu-mana yamba nyubun wungarbu nyubunbu, yala kalkabu wawu-manil kuyu nyubun.

analysis:
bama nyulu dunga-y wawu-ma-ni-l yamba wubul-ku, nyulu kada-y bayan-ka mara-nganga, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka balka-ny balbi-bama-muny jakay-dandi-muny: nyulu kulngu bawa-ny bikibiki kanga-nka, bikibiki bawa-ny ngawuya kanga-nka, nyulu jilba-ny baja wujurr-ba mara-nganga kuku-jangkar jakal-ji, yala-da wawu-mana yamba nyubun wungar-bu nyubun-bu, yala kalka-bu wawu-ma-ni-l kuyu nyubun | person he goes wanting thing all, he comes home-DAT hand-nothing, old man said hunter-of greedy-of: he bandicoot left pig chase-PURP, pig left turtle chase-PURP, he walked back dark-LOC hand-nothing story full-COMIT, so want!(get) thing one time-INST one-INST, like spear-ERG wants fish one


frame: teaching
words_used: ["kuku-yinil", "ngakiji", "juran"]
loans_used: []
evidence: summary row; y-deletion ngakiji; callback to 049.30 kambar-mal
status: accepted
confidence: 0.92
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:02:05.973373+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:11:23.257747+00:00
english:
All the little warning words are one big word, the old woman said at the end of the evening: look first. The fire, the river, the snake, the storm, the rotten branch — their word never hides itself, the country's word stands in the open, and the person who reads it lives, his hair turning clay-white while he reads.

kuku:
Kuku-yinil buban wubulku nyulu kuku yalbay nyubun, wulbumanangka balkan miyil-wujurr-wujurrba badanga: nyaji ngadiku. Baya, wawubaja, jarba, jarramali, dakil kabu, kuku nyungu kariku ngakiji, kuku bubumuny janay ngalkalba, bama nyulu jana nyajil nyulu juran, mungka kambar-mal jana nyajinya.

analysis:
kuku-yinil buban wubul-ku nyulu kuku yalbay nyubun, wulbuman-angka balka-ny miyil-wujurr-wujurr-ba bada-nga: nyaji ngadiku. baya, wawubaja, jarba, jarramali, dakil kabu, kuku nyungu kariku ngakiji-y, kuku bubu-muny jana-y ngalkal-ba, bama nyulu jana nyaji-l nyulu juran, mungka kambar-ma-l jana nyaji-nya | warning-word little all it word big one, old.woman said dusk-LOC end-LOC: see! first. fire, river, snake, storm, branch rotten, word their never hides(ITR), word country-of stands open-LOC, person he them reads he alive, hair clay.white-becomes(INCHO) them read-SUB


frame: teaching
words_used: ["yijarril", "warrbi"]
loans_used: []
evidence: prohibitive x3; IMP -ka yijarri-ka direct 153 echo; recipient LOC dingkar-anda
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:06:15.800554+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:11:23.257747+00:00
english:
Don't put the axe down in the grass, don't give your spear to a man you do not know, and don't sharpen anything at dusk while the eye tells soft lies, the old man said, for the laws of the axe and the spear are short, and every short law was cut on somebody's hand.

kuku:
Kari warrbi yijarrika jikanba, kari kalka daya dingkaranda yundu kari binal, kari yamba junkurr-bunga miyil-wujurr-wujurrba, miyilbu kuku kima balkanya, mukulungku dingkarangka balkan, kuku warrbimuny kalkamuny nyulu buban, kuku buban nyubun-nyubun yakanmuny maranga bamamuny.

analysis:
kari warrbi yijarri-ka jikan-ba, kari kalka daya dingkar-anda yundu kari binal, kari yamba junkurr-bunga miyil-wujurr-wujurr-ba, miyil-bu kuku kima balka-nya, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka balka-ny, kuku warrbi-muny kalka-muny nyulu buban, kuku buban nyubun-nyubun yaka-ny-muny mara-nga bama-muny | NEG axe put! grass-LOC, NEG spear give! man-LOC you NEG know, NEG thing sharpen! dusk-LOC, eye-ERG word soft say-SUB, old man said, law axe-of spear-of it short, law short each cut-of hand-LOC person-of


frame: teaching
words_used: ["ngunjil", "kararr", "wandi-nyjiku"]
loans_used: []
evidence: SUCC muyar wandi-nyjiku; kararr blanket 153; zero IMP nanda
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:06:15.800554+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:11:23.257747+00:00
english:
Cover the coals with sand before the wind rises, the old woman taught the girls, and the fire will still be alive under its blanket at dawn, for a fire kept through the night is a gift: the person of the evening gives it, the person at dawn takes it, and both of them are only you.

kuku:
Ngunjil jukarbu nanda, wulbumanangka jalbu-buban milbin, muyar wandinyjiku, baya nyulu janay juran kararr badabada muduwajuny, baya karrbanmuny wujurrburr nyulu daji-jirray: bama wujurrba dayal, bamangka muduwajuny manil, jambul yinya yundu nganga.

analysis:
ngunjil jukar-bu nanda, wulbuman-angka jalbu-buban milbi-ny, muyar wandi-nyjiku, baya nyulu jana-y juran kararr badabada muduwajuny, baya karrba-ny-muny wujurr-burr nyulu daji-jirray: bama wujurr-ba daya-l, bama-ngka muduwajuny mani-l, jambul yinya yundu nganga | coals sand-INST cover!, old.woman girls taught, wind rise-SUCC, fire it stands alive blanket underneath at-dawn, fire kept-of night-PERL it gift: person night-LOC gives, person-ERG at-dawn takes, two that you only


frame: narrative
words_used: ["dakwuy-ma-nyaku", "wundil", "jakay-dandi"]
loans_used: []
evidence: IRR+INCHO; wundi-l carry 2750; sharing frame; gnomic -mal
status: accepted
confidence: 0.92
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:06:15.800554+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:11:23.257747+00:00
english:
We would have gone hungry that waterless year, the old man remembered, but the upriver people carried fish-nets down and we carried root-ground knowledge up, and not one child on this river cried from an empty stomach, and he said: hunger given out to others becomes a small hunger, but a stingy year makes many stingy years.

kuku:
Ngana dakwuy-manyaku wungar bana-kari yinya, mukulungku dingkarangka milka-binalku, yambada bama wangkarmuny makarr wundin bada, ngana binal bubumuny bangkanmuny wundin wangkar, karrkay nyubun kariku badin jibar ngangamuny wawubajanga, nyulu balkan: dakwuy dayanmuny bamanka yindunka nyulu dakwuy buban-mal, wungar jakay-dandi nyulu wungar jakay-dandi wubul murnil.

analysis:
ngana dakwuy-ma-nyaku wungar bana-kari yinya, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka milka-binalku, yambada bama wangkar-muny makarr wundi-ny bada, ngana binal bubu-muny bangkan-muny wundi-ny wangkar, karrkay nyubun kariku badi-ny jibar nganga-muny wawubaja-nga, nyulu balka-ny: dakwuy daya-ny-muny bama-nka yindu-nka nyulu dakwuy buban-ma-l, wungar jakay-dandi nyulu wungar jakay-dandi wubul murni-l | we hungry-become-IRR year waterless that, old man remembers, but people upriver-from net carried down, we knowledge ground-of root-of carried up, child one never cried stomach empty-from river-LOC, he said: hunger given-of person-DAT other-DAT it hunger small-becomes(INCHO), year stingy it year stingy many makes


frame: teaching
words_used: ["kuli", "kaminjarr", "bunga-nyji"]
loans_used: []
evidence: PRECAUT; COMIT+case -jirr-anda; addressee potent LOC; jukar-a single-r LOC
status: revised
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:06:15.800554+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:18:45.190799+00:00
english:
Speak to the angry man tomorrow, not tonight, the old woman advised her grandson, lest two hot words build a fight that many cold words cannot pull down, for anger is a fire in dry grass: do not feed it tonight, cover it with sand, and tomorrow you will walk on warm quiet ash.

kuku:
Balka dingkar kuli-jirranda wunkuny, kari wujurrba, wulbumanangka kaminjarranda milbin, kuku wumbul jambulbu kuniway bunganyji, kuku kiway-kiway wubulbu nyulu kariku bada-bungal, kuli nyulu baya jikanba bana-kari: kari nyulu mayi-daya wujurrba, jukarbu nanda, wunkuny yundu jilbal jukara wumbul wunbu.

analysis:
balka dingkar kuli-jirr-anda wunkuny, kari wujurr-ba, wulbuman-angka kaminjarr-anda milbi-ny, kuku wumbul jambul-bu kuniway bunga-nyji, kuku kiway-kiway wubul-bu nyulu kariku bada-bunga-l, kuli nyulu baya jikan-ba bana-kari: kari nyulu mayi-daya wujurr-ba, jukar-bu nanda, wunkuny yundu jilba-l jukar-a wumbul wunbu | speak! man angry-COMIT-LOC tomorrow, NEG night-LOC, old.woman grandson-LOC advised, word hot two-ERG fight build-PRECAUT, word cold many-ERG it never down-pulls, anger it fire grass-LOC waterless: NEG it feed! night-LOC, sand-INST cover!, tomorrow you walk ash-LOC warm quiet


frame: teaching
words_used: ["baway", "yurril", "jana-nyjiku"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.9
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:06:15.800554+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:11:23.257747+00:00
english:
Put the black beans in water, then grind them, and grind before the sun stands high, the old woman taught the girls the old word-road, then wash the meal in the running water for many days, for the tree that feeds you in the hungry time asks first for patience in the full time.

kuku:
Baway bananga yijarrika, yalada yurri, yurri wungar wangkar jananyjiku, wulbumanangka jalbu-buban kuku-baral mukul milbin, yalada mayi julurrika bana warrinya wungar wubulku, bawaybu yununy mayi-dayal wungar dakwuyba, nyulu babajil ngadiku wawu-karrbaka wungar jakalba.

analysis:
baway bana-nga yijarri-ka, yala-da yurri, yurri wungar wangkar jana-nyjiku, wulbuman-angka jalbu-buban kuku-baral mukul milbi-ny, yala-da mayi julurri-ka bana warri-nya wungar wubul-ku, baway-bu yununy mayi-daya-l wungar dakwuy-ba, nyulu babaji-l ngadiku wawu-karrba-ka wungar jakal-ba | black.bean water-LOC put!, then grind!, grind! sun up stand-SUCC, old.woman girls word-road old taught, then meal wash! water run-SUB day many-DAT, black.bean-ERG you feeds time hungry-LOC, it asks first patience-DAT time full-LOC

evidence:
baway black bean 1929 (the leaching chain is its real use); SUCC; zero IMP yurri; y-final ERG baway-... (baway-bu V? y-final -njV — see review)


frame: narrative
words_used: ["wulngku", "badi", "wuna-nyaku"]
loans_used: []
evidence: IRR; wulngku badi 'sing' attested collocation; y-final LOC kala-kalbay-mba
status: accepted
confidence: 0.92
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:06:15.800554+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:11:23.257747+00:00
english:
The old man would have slept, but the young ones were singing the wrong verse again and again at the far fire, so he rose, walked over in his blanket, sat down without a word, and sang it once correctly, and the wrong verse died that night, for nothing kills an error like one quiet true showing.

kuku:
Mukul dingkar wunanyaku, yambada warru-warru wulngku mumbu badin baja baja baya kala-kalbaymba, yalada nyulu wandin, jilban kararr-ji, bundan kuku-kari, wulngku badin nyubunbu yukil, wulngku mumbu wulan wujurr yinyanga, kari yambabu kunil kuku-mumbu yala milbil wunbu yukil nyubunbu.

analysis:
mukul dingkar wuna-nyaku, yambada warru-warru wulngku mumbu badi-ny baja baja baya kala-kalbay-mba, yala-da nyulu wandi-ny, jilba-ny kararr-ji, bunda-ny kuku-kari, wulngku badi-ny nyubun-bu yukil, wulngku mumbu wula-ny wujurr yinya-nga, kari yamba-bu kuni-l kuku-mumbu yala milbi-l wunbu yukil nyubun-bu | old man sleep-IRR, but young.men song wrong sang again again fire far-LOC, so he rose, walked blanket-COMIT, sat word-less, song sang once true, song wrong died night that-LOC, NEG thing-ERG kills word-wrong like showing quiet true one-INST


frame: narrative
words_used: ["kaban", "waybala", "maral"]
loans_used: ["kaban"]
evidence: kaban paper element (miyil-kaban-ji); show recipient LOC -anda; loans: kaban
status: revised
confidence: 0.92
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:06:15.800554+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The girl practises making her name on paper to show the old woman, and the old woman practises saying the girl's English name to show the girl, and the two of them laugh, two mouths working carefully, two learners at one fire, each one holding a promise in the other one's country.

kuku:
Jalbu-bubanangka kuku nyungu kabanba murnil milbinka wulbumananda, wulbumanangka kuku waybalamuny maralmuny balkal milbinka maralanda, jana jambul yajarr-mal, ngandal jambul buban-buban murninya, binal-bama jambul bayanga nyubunba, nyubun-nyubun kuku-junkurr karrbal bubungu bama yindumuny.

analysis:
jalbu-buban-angka kuku nyungu kaban-ba murni-l milbi-nka wulbuman-anda, wulbuman-angka kuku waybala-muny maral-muny balka-l milbi-nka maral-anda, jana jambul yajarr-ma-l, ngandal jambul buban-buban murni-nya, binal-bama jambul baya-nga nyubun-ba, nyubun-nyubun kuku-junkurr karrba-l bubu-ngu bama yindu-muny | girl-ERG name her paper-LOC makes show-DAT old.woman-LOC, old.woman-ERG name English-of girl-of says show-DAT girl-LOC, they two laugh(INCHO), mouth two carefully work-SUB, learner two fire-LOC one-LOC, each promise holds country-LOC person other-of


frame: teaching
words_used: ["maraji-bama", "kunja-nyji"]
loans_used: []
evidence: prohibitive kari + INCHO IMP -maka; PRECAUT kunja-nyji; DAT-of-stimulus
status: accepted
confidence: 0.92
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:06:15.800554+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:11:23.257747+00:00
english:
Never put your foot where you cannot see the bottom, the old man said at the crossing full of floodwater, and never pick a fight with bad water, lest the river call you too, for the water-taken were all strong swimmers — the weak ones are still alive on the bank.

kuku:
Kari jina bunga wanja yundu bubu badabada kari nyajil, mukulungku dingkarangka balkan bana-baralba bana-yalbay-ji, kari kuniway-maka banaka mumbuka, wawubajabu yununy kunjanyji baja, bama bana-manin jana wubulku maraji-bama junkurr, bama kala-burra jana juran jalkara yabarrka.

analysis:
kari jina bunga wanja yundu bubu badabada kari nyaji-l, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka balka-ny bana-baral-ba bana-yalbay-ji, kari kuniway-ma-ka bana-ka mumbu-ka, wawubaja-bu yununy kunja-nyji baja, bama bana-mani-ny jana wubul-ku maraji-bama junkurr, bama kala-burra jana juran jalkar-a yabarrka | NEG foot put! where you ground underneath NEG see, old man said crossing-LOC floodwater-COMIT, NEG fight-become! water-DAT bad-DAT, river-ERG you call-PRECAUT too, person water-taken they all swimmer strong, person weak they alive bank-LOC still


frame: teaching
words_used: ["babaji-nyjiku", "yalbay-ma-nyjiku", "kulur"]
loans_used: []
evidence: SUCC x3 incl. on INCHO; kulur-bu 'three ways'; zero IMPs
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:06:15.800554+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:11:23.257747+00:00
english:
Sharpen the axe before the work asks for it, mend the net before the torn place grows big, tie the spear-point before the hunt tests it, the old man said the one lesson three ways, for the mend made early is a small word, and the mend made at the end is a long story.

kuku:
Warrbi junkurr-bunga murni nyulu babajinyjiku, makarr murni yukil dumbarrinmuny yalbay-manyjiku, kalka-murru kaja balbil nyulu nyajinyjiku, mukulungku dingkarangka milbil nyubun balkan kulurbu, murni murninmuny ngadiku nyulu kuku buban, murni murninmuny badaku nyulu kuku-jangkar kalbay.

analysis:
warrbi junkurr-bunga murni nyulu babaji-nyjiku, makarr murni yukil dumbarri-ny-muny yalbay-ma-nyjiku, kalka-murru kaja balbil nyulu nyaji-nyjiku, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka milbi-l nyubun balka-ny kulur-bu, murni murni-ny-muny ngadiku nyulu kuku buban, murni murni-ny-muny bada-ku nyulu kuku-jangkar kalbay | axe sharpen! work it ask-SUCC, net mend! well torn-of big-become-SUCC, spear-point tie! hunt it test-SUCC, old man teaching one said three-INST, mend made-of early it word small, mend made-of end-DAT it story long


frame: question
words_used: ["murni-nyaku", "babaji-nyaku"]
loans_used: []
evidence: IRR x2 in Q+A; DEG2 wubul-ku-baja; kunba-y-mani-l finish 165
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:06:15.800554+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:11:23.257747+00:00
english:
What would you have done differently? the girls asked the old woman, and she thought a long time by the fire and said: I would have asked my grandmother more questions, everything else found its own road, but her words went under the ground with her, and that is the one hunger that no wet season ever ends.

kuku:
Wanyu yundu murninyaku yindubu? jalbu-bubanangka wulbuman babajin, wulbuman milkabu baykan kalbay bayanga, yalada balkan: ngayu babi ngayku babajinyaku kuku wubulku-baja, yamba yindu wubulku baral nyungu-nyungu manin, yambada kuku nyungu dungan badabada bubungu baja, yinya dakwuy nyubun bana-wungarbu kariku kunbay-manil.

analysis:
wanyu yundu murni-nyaku yindu-bu? jalbu-buban-angka wulbuman babaji-ny, wulbuman milka-bu bayka-ny kalbay baya-nga, yala-da balka-ny: ngayu babi ngayku babaji-nyaku kuku wubul-ku-baja, yamba yindu wubul-ku baral nyungu-nyungu mani-ny, yambada kuku nyungu dunga-ny badabada bubu-ngu baja, yinya dakwuy nyubun bana-wungar-bu kariku kunba-y-mani-l | what you do-IRR differently? girls-ERG old.woman asked, old.woman ear-INST thought long fire-LOC, then said: I grandmother my ask-IRR question more, thing other all road its-own found, but word her went underneath ground-LOC too, that hunger one wet.season-ERG never finishes


frame: teaching
words_used: ["wundil", "dunga-nyji"]
loans_used: []
evidence: PRECAUT; zero IMP wundi; gossip-as-water extended frame
status: accepted
confidence: 0.92
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:06:15.800554+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:11:23.257747+00:00
english:
Carry a story the way you carry water, the old woman warned the young women, with both eyes on your own feet, lest the word that was given to one person alone go down and be lost on the road, for the camp that drinks that story wants more, but the carrier gets the bad name for the flood.

kuku:
Kuku-jangkar wundi yala yundu bana wundil, wulbumanangka jalbu-buban milbin, miyil jambul jinanga nyungu-nyungunga, kuku dayanmuny bamanka nyubunku nganga bada dunganyji baralba, bayan nyulu kuku yinya nukal nyulu wawu-manil wubulku-baja, yambada wundil-bama nyulu kuku-mumbu manil bana-yalbaymuny.

analysis:
kuku-jangkar wundi yala yundu bana wundi-l, wulbuman-angka jalbu-buban milbi-ny, miyil jambul jina-nga nyungu-nyungu-nga, kuku daya-ny-muny bama-nka nyubun-ku nganga bada dunga-nyji baral-ba, bayan nyulu kuku yinya nuka-l nyulu wawu-ma-ni-l wubul-ku-baja, yambada wundi-l-bama nyulu kuku-mumbu mani-l bana-yalbay-muny | story carry! as you water carry, old.woman young.women warned, eye two foot-LOC own-LOC, word given-of person-DAT one-DAT only down go-PRECAUT road-LOC, camp it story that drinks it wants more, but carry-person he bad.name gets flood-from


frame: teaching
words_used: ["binal-ma-ka", "jarruka", "nanda-ji-nyjiku"]
loans_used: []
evidence: IMP -ma-ka direct 155 echo; SUCC x2; jarruka scrub-hen used in its TRUE sense (unlike 048)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:06:15.800554+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:11:23.257747+00:00
english:
Learn the net-tying before the old hands stop, the old man pressed the young men with his words, sit at the net-mending before the eyes that know it close, for a skill waits quietly all your life, and then one morning it has simply gone, like the scrub-hen that was on that branch every day until the one day it was not.

kuku:
Makarr-kajal binal-maka mara mukul jananyjiku, mukulungku dingkarangka warru-warru jurrngan kukubu, bunda makarr-murninga miyil binal nandajinyjiku, binal nyulu janay wunbu wawu wubulku, yalada muduwaju nyubunbu nyulu dungan, yala jarruka dakilba nyubun-nyubun wungar, wungar nyubunbu nyulu kari.

analysis:
makarr-kaja-l binal-ma-ka mara mukul jana-nyjiku, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka warru-warru jurrnga-ny kuku-bu, bunda makarr-murni-nga miyil binal nanda-ji-nyjiku, binal nyulu jana-y wunbu wawu wubul-ku, yala-da muduwaju nyubun-bu nyulu dunga-ny, yala jarruka dakil-ba nyubun-nyubun wungar, wungar nyubun-bu nyulu kari | net-tying learn-INCHO-IMP! hand old stop-SUCC, old man young.men pressed word-INST, sit! net-mending-LOC eye knowing close-SUCC, skill it stands quiet life whole-DAT, then morning one-INST it gone, like scrub.hen branch-LOC each day, day one-INST it not


frame: narrative
words_used: ["kalnga", "bana-mani-nyaku", "kalal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: IRR passive-ish 'would have been taken'; kalnga uncle kin ERG -ngka; kalal vine
status: accepted
confidence: 0.92
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:06:15.800554+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:11:23.257747+00:00
english:
The two brothers would have been taken by the water at the narrow crossing, the old people still count it among the near things, but an uncle on the bank read the water fast and threw the long vine early, and both came home wet and alive, and the camp fed that uncle first for a whole wet season.

kuku:
Yabaju jambul bana-maninyaku bana-baralba bubanba, bama mukulungku yinya yabarrka milka-binalku, yambada kalngangka jalkara bana nyajin warri, kalal kalbay yilban ngadiku, jambul kadan bayanka bana-ji juran baja, bayanda kalnga yinya mayi-dayan ngadiku bana-wungar nyubunku.

analysis:
yabaju jambul bana-mani-nyaku bana-baral-ba buban-ba, bama mukul-ungku yinya yabarrka milka-binalku, yambada kalnga-ngka jalkar-a bana nyaji-ny warri, kalal kalbay yilba-ny ngadiku, jambul kada-ny bayan-ka bana-ji juran baja, bayan-da kalnga yinya mayi-daya-ny ngadiku bana-wungar nyubun-ku | brother two water-taken-IRR crossing-LOC narrow-LOC, people old-ERG that still remember, but uncle-ERG bank-LOC water read fast, vine long threw early, two came home-DAT water-COMIT alive too, camp-ERG uncle that food-gave first wet.season one-DAT


frame: teaching
words_used: ["yijarril", "ngunjil", "dunga-nyji"]
loans_used: []
evidence: PRECAUT; IMP -ka yijarri-ka; silent-correction teaching frame
status: accepted
confidence: 0.92
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:09:53.666641+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:11:23.257747+00:00
english:
Put the baby down on the far side of you from the fire, the old woman moved the young mother's arms without a word, lest the small sleeper go onto the coals in the night, for the mother's body is the oldest wall, and it stands always between the child and the fire.

kuku:
Ngawa yijarrika kala-kalbay bayamuny, wulbumanangka mara jalbu-bubanmuny murnin kuku-kari, karrkay-buban ngunjilku dunganyji wujurrba, bangkarr ngamumuny nyulu bayan dandi mukul bajaku, nyulu janay karrkay-buban bayamuny yabarrka.

analysis:
ngawa yijarri-ka kala-kalbay baya-muny, wulbuman-angka mara jalbu-buban-muny murni-ny kuku-kari, karrkay-buban ngunjil-ku dunga-nyji wujurr-ba, bangkarr ngamu-muny nyulu bayan dandi mukul bajaku, nyulu jana-y karrkay-buban baya-muny yabarrka | baby put! far.away fire-from, old.woman-ERG arm young.woman-of moved word-less, small.sleeper coals-DAT go-PRECAUT night-LOC, body mother-of it wall(shelter) hard old most, it stands child fire-from always


frame: narrative
words_used: ["mani-nyaku", "babaji-nyaku", "bana-mundu"]
loans_used: []
evidence: IRR x2 (counterfactual condition); correct ABESS bana-mundu 'without water'
status: accepted
confidence: 0.92
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:09:53.666641+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:11:23.257747+00:00
english:
They would have found the hidden water in half a day, the old man turned his head over the travellers without water, if they had asked any grandmother at the last camp, for the water knowledge lives with the old women, but the young men asked only themselves, and the self knows every road except the one to water.

kuku:
Jana bana ngakijinmuny maninyaku wungar-bubanbu, mukulungku dingkarangka dukul murnin jilba-bamanka bana-mundu, kaki jana babajinyaku babi nyubun-nyubun bayanba badaba, binal banamuny nyulu wunay wulbumananda, yambada warru-warrungku babajin nganga nyulu-nyulu, nyulu-nyulu binal baral wubulku, kari baral banaka nganga.

analysis:
jana bana ngakiji-ny-muny mani-nyaku wungar-buban-bu, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka dukul murni-ny jilba-bama-nka bana-mundu, kaki jana babaji-nyaku babi nyubun-nyubun bayan-ba bada-ba, binal bana-muny nyulu wuna-y wulbuman-anda, yambada warru-warru-ngku babaji-ny nganga nyulu-nyulu, nyulu-nyulu binal baral wubul-ku, kari baral bana-ka nganga | they water hidden-of find-IRR half.day-INST, old man head turned traveller-DAT water-without, if they ask-IRR grandmother any camp-LOC last-LOC, knowledge water-of it lives old.woman-LOC, but young.men-ERG asked only themselves, self knows road all, NEG road water-DAT only


frame: teaching
words_used: ["kuni-nyji", "kada-nyjiku"]
loans_used: []
evidence: PRECAUT + SUCC in one row; baya-juku firestick transparent compound
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:09:53.666641+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:11:23.257747+00:00
english:
Carry two firesticks when you walk at night, the old man taught, one burning and one sleeping, lest the wind kill the first and you stand in the whole dark, for the traveller with eyes is his own dawn, and the careless one stands very still until the true dawn comes.

kuku:
Baya-juku jambul wundi jilbanka wujurrba, mukulungku dingkarangka milbin, nyubun wajunya nyubun wunanya, muyarbu nyubun ngadiku kuninyji, yundu janay wujurrba wubulba, jilba-bama miyil-ji nyulu muduwaju nyungu-nyungu, jilba-bama milka-kari nyulu janay warri-kari bajaku muduwaju yukil kadanyjiku.

analysis:
baya-juku jambul wundi jilba-nka wujurr-ba, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka milbi-ny, nyubun waju-nya nyubun wuna-nya, muyar-bu nyubun ngadiku kuni-nyji, yundu jana-y wujurr-ba wubul-ba, jilba-bama miyil-ji nyulu muduwaju nyungu-nyungu, jilba-bama milka-kari nyulu jana-y warri-kari bajaku muduwaju yukil kada-nyjiku | firestick two carry! walk-PURP night-LOC, old man taught, one burn-SUB one sleep-SUB, wind-ERG one first kill-PRECAUT, you stand dark-LOC whole-LOC, traveller eye-COMIT he dawn his-own, traveller ear-less he stands move-less very dawn true come-SUCC


frame: question
words_used: ["wundil", "bawa-nyaku"]
loans_used: []
evidence: full grammar 2750 dialogue echo (wanyurringku yundu kaya wundi-ny... bawa-nyaku ngalkal-ba)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:09:53.666641+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:11:23.257747+00:00
english:
What did you take the dog into the shelter for? the old man asked, laughing, in the old words — you should have left it outside — and the boy did what the dog itself does, looked down and said nothing, so the whole camp laughed, and the dog too, hardest of all.

kuku:
Wanyurrinku yundu kaya wundin bayanka? mukulungku dingkarangka babajin yajarr-ji kukubu mukulbu, yundu nyulu bawanyaku ngalkalba, buban murnin yala kaya nyungu-nyungu, nyajin bada, balkan yamba-kari, yalada bayan wubulku yajarr-man, kaya baja junkurr bajaku.

analysis:
wanyurrinku yundu kaya wundi-ny bayan-ka? mukul-ungku dingkar-angka babaji-ny yajarr-ji kuku-bu mukul-bu, yundu nyulu bawa-nyaku ngalkal-ba, buban murni-ny yala kaya nyungu-nyungu, nyaji-ny bada, balka-ny yamba-kari, yala-da bayan wubul-ku yajarr-ma-ny, kaya baja junkurr bajaku | why you dog took shelter-DAT? old man asked laugh-COMIT word-INST old-INST, you it leave-IRR outside-LOC, boy did like dog itself, looked down, said nothing, then camp whole laughed(INCHO), dog too strong most


frame: teaching
words_used: ["balka-wa-y", "kada-nyjiku", "dandi-bunga-nyjiku"]
loans_used: []
evidence: SUCC x3 incl. on CAUS; RECIP balka-wa-y 'argue'; suppletive IMP mana
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:09:53.666641+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:11:23.257747+00:00
english:
Move the camp to the high ground before the first big rain comes, the old people never argued about that one, get the nets before the river talks, and go before the wet ground makes the walking hard, for the person who moves early chooses the new camp, and the person who moves late takes what was left.

kuku:
Bayan wundi bubu wangkarku bana yalbay ngadiku kadanyjiku, bama mukulungku yinyaka kariku balka-way, makarr mana wawubaja balkanyjiku, dungay bubu bana-ji jilba dandi-bunganyjiku, bama nyulu warri dungay nyulu bayan jirakal wawu-manil, bama nyulu badaku dungay nyulu manil yamba bawanmuny.

analysis:
bayan wundi bubu wangkar-ku bana yalbay ngadiku kada-nyjiku, bama mukul-ungku yinya-ka kariku balka-wa-y, makarr mana wawubaja balka-nyjiku, dunga-y bubu bana-ji jilba dandi-bunga-nyjiku, bama nyulu warri dunga-y nyulu bayan jirakal wawu-ma-ni-l, bama nyulu bada-ku dunga-y nyulu mani-l yamba bawa-ny-muny | camp carry! ground high-DAT rain big first come-SUCC, people old-ERG that-DAT never argue-RECIP, net get! river talk-SUCC, go! ground wet-COMIT walking hard-CAUS-SUCC, person he early goes he camp good chooses, person he late goes he takes thing left-of


frame: narrative
words_used: ["dunyu-mani-nyaku", "balbay", "jilu-jilu"]
loans_used: []
evidence: IRR; balbay lightning 903; jilu-jilu glossy/shining; CAUS wundi-bunga-ny made-carry
status: revised
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:09:53.666641+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
She would have married the loud one, the old woman told her granddaughters about her own young days, he shone like the wet-season lightning, but my grandmother made me carry water beside the quiet man for one whole season, and lightning is good to look at for one night, she said, but the slow rain fills the root grounds.

kuku:
Ngayu dingkar kuku-yalbay dunyu-maninyaku, wulbumanangka kaminjarr-karranda balkan wungar warrumuny nyungu-nyungumuny, nyulu jilu-jilu yala balbay bana-wungarmuny, yambada babingka ngayu bana wundi-bungan ngundu dingkaranda wunbu bana-wungar nyubunku, balbay nyulu yukil nyajinka wujurr nyubunku, nyulu balkan, yambada bana buban-buban jakal-bungal bubu bangkanmuny.

analysis:
ngayu dingkar kuku-yalbay dunyu-mani-nyaku, wulbuman-angka kaminjarr-karra-nda balka-ny wungar warru-muny nyungu-nyungu-muny, nyulu jilu-jilu yala balbay bana-wungar-muny, yambada babi-ngka ngayu bana wundi-bunga-ny ngundu dingkar-anda wunbu bana-wungar nyubun-ku, balbay nyulu yukil nyaji-nka wujurr nyubun-ku, nyulu balka-ny, yambada bana buban-buban jakal-bunga-l bubu bangkan-muny | I man loud marry-IRR, old.woman granddaughter-KPL-LOC told day young-of own-of, he shining like lightning wet.season-of, but grandmother-ERG me water carry-CAUS close.by man-LOC quiet season one-DAT, lightning it good see-DAT night one-DAT, she said, but rain slow fills ground root-of


frame: teaching
words_used: ["daya-nyji", "nyabil", "bajibay-kari"]
loans_used: []
evidence: PRECAUT; tongue-no-bone proverb rendered fully attested; COMIT+case -jirr-anka
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:09:53.666641+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:11:23.257747+00:00
english:
Take two slow breaths before you answer a bad word, the old man taught the angry boy, lest the mouth give away in one breath what the back must pay across a year, for words go out fast and free, and they come home hard, and the tongue has no bone, but it breaks bones.

kuku:
Wawu mana jambulku buban-buban kuku-mumbuka balkanka ngadiku, mukulungku dingkarangka buban kuli-jirranka milbin, ngandalbu yamba wubulku dayanyji wawu nyubunbu, kuku dungay warri ngalkalku, jana kaday bayanka dandi, nyabil bajibay-kari yambada nyulu bajibay dumbarril.

analysis:
wawu mana jambul-ku buban-buban kuku-mumbu-ka balka-nka ngadiku, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka buban kuli-jirr-anka milbi-ny, ngandal-bu yamba wubul-ku daya-nyji wawu nyubun-bu, kuku dunga-y warri ngalkal-ku, jana kada-y bayan-ka dandi, nyabil bajibay-kari yambada nyulu bajibay dumbarri-l | breath take! twice slowly bad.word-DAT answer-PURP before, old man boy angry-COMIT-DAT taught, mouth-ERG thing all give-PRECAUT breath one-INST, word goes fast open-DAT, they come home-DAT hard, tongue bone-less but it bone breaks


frame: teaching
words_used: ["kada-nyjiku", "jurrngal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: SUCC; jurrnga-l press/push; grave-stone closing image with attested jina 'mark'
status: accepted
confidence: 0.92
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:09:53.666641+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:11:23.257747+00:00
english:
Tell the children the flood story before the flood comes back, the old woman pressed the young parents every wet season, for the water returns on its own law, and a story told in the right time is a hard shelter, but a story told afterwards is only a stone with marks on it.

kuku:
Karrkay-karrkaynka kuku-jangkar bana-yalbaymuny balka bana kadanyjiku baja, wulbumanangka warru-dunyu jurrngan bana-wungar nyubun-nyubunba, bana nyulu kaday baja kuku nyungu-nyungubu, kuku-jangkar balkanmuny wungara yukilba nyulu bayan dandi, yambada kuku-jangkar balkanmuny badaku nyulu kulji nganga jina-ji.

analysis:
karrkay-karrkay-nka kuku-jangkar bana-yalbay-muny balka bana kada-nyjiku baja, wulbuman-angka warru-dunyu jurrnga-ny bana-wungar nyubun-nyubun-ba, bana nyulu kada-y baja kuku nyungu-nyungu-bu, kuku-jangkar balka-ny-muny wungar-a yukil-ba nyulu bayan dandi, yambada kuku-jangkar balka-ny-muny bada-ku nyulu kulji nganga jina-ji | children-DAT story flood-of tell! flood come-SUCC back, old.woman-ERG young-couple pressed wet.season each-LOC, water it comes back law its-own-INST, story told-of time-LOC right-LOC it shelter hard, but story told-of after-DAT it stone only mark-COMIT


frame: teaching
words_used: ["kuku-mundu", "mana"]
loans_used: []
evidence: correct ABESS kuku-mundu 'without his word' x2; prohibitive with suppletive IMP
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:09:53.666641+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:11:23.257747+00:00
english:
Don't take the other man's net without his word, even to save a short time, even in the small rain, the old man said, flat as a stone, for a thing taken without a word slowly becomes a bad thing, and the river is long, but the talk about you is longer.

kuku:
Kari mana makarr dingkarmuny yindumuny kuku-mundu nyungu, wungar bubanku baja, bana bubanba baja, mukulungku dingkarangka balkan dandi yala kulji, yamba maninmuny kuku-mundu nyulu buban-buban yamba-mumbu-mal, wawubaja nyulu kalbay, yambada kuku yundumuny nyulu kalbay-baja.

analysis:
kari mana makarr dingkar-muny yindu-muny kuku-mundu nyungu, wungar buban-ku baja, bana buban-ba baja, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka balka-ny dandi yala kulji, yamba mani-ny-muny kuku-mundu nyulu buban-buban yamba-mumbu-ma-l, wawubaja nyulu kalbay, yambada kuku yundu-muny nyulu kalbay-baja | NEG take! net man-of other-of word-without his, time short-DAT even, rain small-LOC even, old man said hard like stone, thing taken-of word-without it slowly bad.thing-becomes(INCHO), river it long, but talk you-about it long-DEG2


frame: narrative
words_used: ["waju-nyaku", "wula-nyjiku", "ngumbu"]
loans_used: []
evidence: IRR + SUCC in one law; ngumbu black (048-confirmed); kin-metaphor with kangkal/yabaju
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:09:53.666641+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:11:23.257747+00:00
english:
The whole high ground would have burned, the old man still shows the black trees, from one small fire left sleeping, so hear the oldest fire law twice: the fire you light is your own child until it is completely dead, and a fire has no younger brothers, every single one is firstborn trouble.

kuku:
Bubu wangkar wubulku wajunyaku, mukulungku dingkarangka yabarrka milbil juku ngumbu, bayamuny nyubunmuny bubanmuny bawanmuny wunanya, yalada milka-janay kuku baya mukul bajaku jambulku: baya yundu wajunmuny nyulu kangkal yundumuny nyulu wulanyjiku bajaku, baya nyulu yabaju-kari, baya nyubun-nyubun nyulu yamba-mumbu ngadiku-wandinmuny.

analysis:
bubu wangkar wubul-ku waju-nyaku, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka yabarrka milbi-l juku ngumbu, baya-muny nyubun-muny buban-muny bawa-ny-muny wuna-nya, yala-da milka-jana-y kuku baya mukul bajaku jambul-ku: baya yundu waju-ny-muny nyulu kangkal yundu-muny nyulu wula-nyjiku bajaku, baya nyulu yabaju-kari, baya nyubun-nyubun nyulu yamba-mumbu ngadiku-wandi-ny-muny | ground high whole burn-IRR, old man still shows tree black, fire-from one-from small-from left-of sleep-SUB, so listen! law fire old most twice: fire you lit-of it own.child your-of it die-SUCC completely, fire it younger.brother-less, fire each it trouble first-risen-of


frame: question
words_used: ["jana-nyaku", "nandal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: metalinguistic row teaching IRR-vs-PRECAUT semantics itself; recipient LOC maral-anda
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:09:53.666641+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:11:23.257747+00:00
english:
When do we say nyaku, and when do we say nyji? a sharp-eyed girl asked, and the old woman gave her the two roads: say nyaku for the thing that would have stood but did not stand, and say nyji for the thing whose road you shut, one of them looks back at a departed spirit, one of them looks ahead at a snake.

kuku:
Wanjawanja ngana balkal 'nyaku', wanjawanja 'nyji'? jalbu-buban miyil-ji babajin, wulbumanangka maralanda baral jambul dayan: balka 'nyaku' yambaka, nyulu jananyaku yambada kari janan, balka 'nyji' yambaka, yundu baral nyungu nandal, nyubunbu nyajil bada wawuka dunganmuny, nyubunbu nyajil ngadiku jarbaka.

analysis:
wanja-wanja ngana balka-l 'nyaku', wanja-wanja 'nyji'? jalbu-buban miyil-ji babaji-ny, wulbuman-angka maral-anda baral jambul daya-ny: balka 'nyaku' yamba-ka, nyulu jana-nyaku yambada kari jana-ny, balka 'nyji' yamba-ka, yundu baral nyungu nanda-l, nyubun-bu nyaji-l bada wawu-ka dunga-ny-muny, nyubun-bu nyaji-l ngadiku jarba-ka | when we say nyaku, when nyji? girl eye-COMIT asked, old.woman-ERG girl-LOC road two gave: say! nyaku thing-DAT, it stand-IRR but NEG stood, say! nyji thing-DAT, you road its shut, one-ERG looks back spirit-DAT gone-of, one-ERG looks ahead snake-DAT


frame: teaching
words_used: ["kajal", "yulmbarril", "kada-nka"]
loans_used: []
evidence: capstone: the five imperatives recap the batch; PURP kada-nka; DAT-goal karra-ka
status: accepted
confidence: 0.92
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:09:53.666641+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:11:23.257747+00:00
english:
At the end of the warning nights the old woman tied all the teachings into one short rope: look first, act early, want one thing, answer tomorrow, and leave every camp so that you can walk back into it, for the person who lives by those words is never rich in things and never big in name, only alive, old, and welcomed at every camp, and that is taking everything.

kuku:
Badanga wujurrmuny milbilmuny wulbumanangka milbil wubulku kajan karraka nyubunku bubanku: nyaji ngadiku, murni ngadiku, wawu-mana yamba nyubun, balka wunkuny, bawa bayan nyubun-nyubun yundu kadanka baja, bama nyulu kuku yinyabu juran, nyulu kariku yamba-ji wubul, kariku kuku-yalbay-ji, nganga juran, mukul, yulmbarrinmuny bayanba nyubun-nyubunba, yinya nyulu yamba wubulku maninmuny.

analysis:
bada-nga wujurr-muny milbi-l-muny wulbuman-angka milbi-l wubul-ku kaja-ny karra-ka nyubun-ku buban-ku: nyaji ngadiku, murni ngadiku, wawu-mana yamba nyubun, balka wunkuny, bawa bayan nyubun-nyubun yundu kada-nka baja, bama nyulu kuku yinya-bu juran, nyulu kariku yamba-ji wubul, kariku kuku-yalbay-ji, nganga juran, mukul, yulmbarri-ny-muny bayan-ba nyubun-nyubun-ba, yinya nyulu yamba wubul-ku mani-ny-muny | end-LOC night-of teaching-of old.woman-ERG teaching all tied rope-DAT one-DAT short-DAT: see! first, act! early, want! thing one, answer! tomorrow, leave! camp each you come-PURP back, person he word those-INST alive, he never thing-COMIT many, never name-big-COMIT, only alive, old, welcomed-of camp-LOC every-LOC, that it thing all taking-of


frame: teaching
words_used: ["baway", "kiway", "wunba", "jarruka", "kaba"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:29:10.354773+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:41:42.724013+00:00
english:
The seasons walk a round road of signs, the old woman taught: when the black bean drops its pods the cold is near, when the trees come into flower the honey is coming, when the scrub-hen builds her mound the rain is close, so the country always shows the word of the seasons, it never tells a lie, you only have to walk in it with your eyes.

kuku:
Wungar-jina nyulu baral murru jilbal jina-jibu, wulbumanangka milbin: baway diburr badanya kiway ngundu, juku nganka-ji-manya wunba kaday, jarruka bayan bunganya kaba ngundu, bubu nyulu kuku wungarmuny milbil yabarrka, kari nyulu kuku-mumbu balkal, yundu nganga jilbal miyil-ji.

analysis:
wungar-jina nyulu baral murru jilba-l jina-ji-bu, wulbuman-angka milbi-ny: baway diburr bada-nya kiway ngundu, juku nganka-ji-ma-nya wunba kada-y, jarruka bayan bunga-nya kaba ngundu, bubu nyulu kuku wungar-muny milbi-l yabarrka, kari nyulu kuku-mumbu balka-l, yundu nganga jilba-l miyil-ji | seasons it road round walks sign-COMIT-INST, old.woman taught: black.bean pod drop-SUB cold close.by, tree flower-COMIT-become-SUB honey comes, scrub.hen camp build-SUB rain close.by, country it word season-of shows always, NEG it lie speaks, you only walk eye-COMIT

evidence:
season-sign frame (2301 pattern); kiway nominal 'the cold' [A 443]; jarruka mound-building true sense


frame: teaching
words_used: ["bulur-iji", "bulur", "kambar"]
loans_used: []
evidence: bulur-iji cold season 540/2510; bulur dew (grammar-attested base); bare temporal season name
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:29:10.354773+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:41:42.724013+00:00
english:
In the cold season the dew lies white on the grass at dawn, the breath stands visible in front of the mouth, and the old people sit long at the fire telling the deep stories, for the cold season is the story season, when the night is long and the snake is sleeping.

kuku:
Bulur-iji bulur wunay kambar jikanba muduwajuny, wawu janay nyajilmuny ngandal ngadiku, bama mukul bundal kalbay bayanga kuku-jangkar dukurr balkanya, bulur-iji nyulu kuku-jangkar-wungar, wujurr kalbay, jarba wunay.

analysis:
bulur-iji bulur wuna-y kambar jikan-ba muduwajuny, wawu jana-y nyaji-l-muny ngandal ngadiku, bama mukul bunda-l kalbay baya-nga kuku-jangkar dukurr balka-nya, bulur-iji nyulu kuku-jangkar-wungar, wujurr kalbay, jarba wuna-y | cold.season dew lies white grass-LOC at-dawn, breath stands visible mouth before, people old sit long fire-LOC story deep tell-SUB, cold.season it story-season, night long, snake sleeps


frame: teaching
words_used: ["wangariji", "wabarr", "kalkal", "wungar-daray"]
loans_used: []
evidence: wangariji hot season; wabarr shade FIRST USE; wungar daray sunset attested; kalka-l rest
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:29:10.354773+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:41:42.724013+00:00
english:
In the hot season the camp follows the shade and the water, the old man said: walk at dawn, rest while the sun stands high, go again when the sun falls, for the hot season never forgives the traveller who picks a fight with the high sun.

kuku:
Wangariji bayan wukurril wabarr bana baja, mukulungku dingkarangka balkan: jilba muduwajuny, kalka wungar wangkar jananya, dungay baja wungar daraynya, wangarijibu kariku bawal jilba-bama, nyulu kuniway-mal wungarka wangkarka.

analysis:
wangariji bayan wukurri-l wabarr bana baja, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka balka-ny: jilba muduwajuny, kalka wungar wangkar jana-nya, dunga-y baja wungar daray-nya, wangariji-bu kariku bawa-l jilba-bama, nyulu kuniway-ma-l wungar-ka wangkar-ka | hot.season camp follows shade water too, old man said: walk! at-dawn, rest! sun high stand-SUB, go! again sun fall-SUB, hot.season-ERG never leaves(forgives) traveller, he fight-becomes sun-DAT high-DAT


frame: narrative
words_used: ["kaba", "kungkarr", "walu"]
loans_used: []
evidence: kaba rain FIRST USE; wet arrives from the north (grammar 711 seasonality)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.92
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:29:10.354773+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:41:42.724013+00:00
english:
The first big rain of the wet walks in from the north with a dark face in front of it, and the children ran shouting under it while the old people carried the bags inside, and the old woman laughed: the rain is new for every child and old for every leg, so let them run, the coals are covered.

kuku:
Kaba yalbay ngadiku bana-wungarmuny kaday kungkarrmuny walu wujurr-ji ngadiku, karrkay-karrkay warrin yirrkanya badabada, bama mukulungku balji wundin bayanka, wulbumanangka yajarr-man: kaba nyulu jirakal karrkaynka nyubun-nyubunka, mukul jandalka nyubun-nyubunka, bawa jana warrinka, ngunjil nandanmuny.

analysis:
kaba yalbay ngadiku bana-wungar-muny kada-y kungkarr-muny walu wujurr-ji ngadiku, karrkay-karrkay warri-ny yirrka-nya badabada, bama mukul-ungku balji wundi-ny bayan-ka, wulbuman-angka yajarr-ma-ny: kaba nyulu jirakal karrkay-nka nyubun-nyubun-ka, mukul jandal-ka nyubun-nyubun-ka, bawa jana warri-nka, ngunjil nanda-ny-muny | rain big first wet.season-of comes north-from face dark-COMIT before, children ran shout-SUB underneath, people old-ERG bag carried camp-DAT, old.woman laughed(INCHO): rain it new child-DAT each-DAT, old leg-DAT each-DAT, leave! them run-PURP, coals covered-of


frame: teaching
words_used: ["jalungkarr", "milka-binalku"]
loans_used: []
evidence: jalungkarr flood FIRST USE; prohibitive; flood-memory frame
status: accepted
confidence: 0.92
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:29:10.354773+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:41:42.724013+00:00
english:
A flood is the river remembering its whole country, the old man said from the high ground: it walks out of its own bed and visits every low place that was ever its own, so never build the baby camp or the story camp on the flood's old roads, for the high ground keeps the long things.

kuku:
Jalungkarr nyulu wawubaja milka-binalku bubu nyungu wubulku, mukulungku dingkarangka balkan bubu wangkarmuny, nyulu jilbal bayanmuny nyungu-nyungumuny nyajil bubu bada nyubun-nyubun nyungu ngadikumuny, yalada kari bunga bayan ngawamuny bayan kuku-jangkarmuny baralba mukulba jalungkarrmuny, bubu wangkarbu karrbal yamba kalbay.

analysis:
jalungkarr nyulu wawubaja milka-binalku bubu nyungu wubul-ku, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka balka-ny bubu wangkar-muny, nyulu jilba-l bayan-muny nyungu-nyungu-muny nyaji-l bubu bada nyubun-nyubun nyungu ngadiku-muny, yala-da kari bunga bayan ngawa-muny bayan kuku-jangkar-muny baral-ba mukul-ba jalungkarr-muny, bubu wangkar-bu karrba-l yamba kalbay | flood it river remembers country its whole, old man said ground high-from, it walks bed-from its-own sees place low each its before-of, so NEG build! camp baby-of camp story-of road-LOC old-LOC flood-of, ground high-ERG holds thing long


frame: teaching
words_used: ["kija", "yira", "balar", "ngajal", "yalmba", "kulbal"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:29:10.354773+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:41:42.724013+00:00
english:
The moon pulls the tide the way a mother pulls a blanket, the old woman said on the seashore: big moon, big water, the high tide walks far up through the sand and the low tide walks far out, and the one who knows the moon knows where the sea's food stands tonight.

kuku:
Kijabu yira kulbal yala ngamungku kararr kulbal, wulbumanangka balkan yalmbanga: kija yalbay, bana yalbay, balar jilbal kala-kalbay wangkar jukarburr, ngajal jilbal kala-kalbay bada, bama nyulu kija binal nyulu binal wanja mayi jalunmuny janay wujurrba.

analysis:
kija-bu yira kulba-l yala ngamu-ngku kararr kulba-l, wulbuman-angka balka-ny yalmba-nga: kija yalbay, bana yalbay, balar jilba-l kala-kalbay wangkar jukar-burr, ngajal jilba-l kala-kalbay bada, bama nyulu kija binal nyulu binal wanja mayi jalun-muny jana-y wujurr-ba | moon-ERG tide pulls like mother-ERG blanket pulls, old.woman said seashore-LOC: moon big, water big, high.tide walks far up sand-PERL, low.tide walks far down, person he moon knows he knows where food sea-of stands night-LOC

evidence:
kija MOON correct sense (callback to legit 1556 kija-bu yira kulba-l); balar/ngajal/yalmba FIRST USES


frame: teaching
words_used: ["ngurrban", "bala", "murru", "jiri"]
loans_used: []
evidence: cloud-reading; bala thin; ngumbu black; jalun-ba n-final LOC
status: accepted
confidence: 0.92
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:29:10.354773+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:41:42.724013+00:00
english:
Clouds are the tracks of the sky, the old man taught the boys on the high stone: the high thin ones say the wind is changing, the black ones standing over the sea say run to the stone shelter, and the small round morning ones say nothing at all, they are only the sky laughing.

kuku:
Ngurrban nyulu jina jirimuny, mukulungku dingkarangka buban-buban milbin kuljinga wangkarba: ngurrban wangkar bala balkal muyar yindu-mal, ngurrban ngumbu jalunba janay balkal warrinka kulji-bayanka, ngurrban buban murru muduwajumuny balkal yamba-kari, jana nganga jiri yajarr-manya.

analysis:
ngurrban nyulu jina jiri-muny, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka buban-buban milbi-ny kulji-nga wangkar-ba: ngurrban wangkar bala balka-l muyar yindu-ma-l, ngurrban ngumbu jalun-ba jana-y balka-l warri-nka kulji-bayan-ka, ngurrban buban murru muduwaju-muny balka-l yamba-kari, jana nganga jiri yajarr-ma-nya | cloud it track sky-of, old man boys taught stone-LOC high-LOC: cloud high thin says wind changes(INCHO), cloud black sea-LOC stand says run-PURP stone-shelter-DAT, cloud small round morning-of says nothing, they only sky laugh-SUB


frame: teaching
words_used: ["muyar", "kuwa", "marral", "jila", "bulur"]
loans_used: []
evidence: four-winds frame (2005 corrected heir); marral dry FIRST USE; jila smell; kuwa west cardinal
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:29:10.354773+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:41:42.724013+00:00
english:
Every wind has a name and a load, the old woman said: the north wind carries the wet on its back, the west wind carries the dry country, the sea wind carries the smell of the low tide, and the cold wind from the high country carries the dew that whitens the morning grass.

kuku:
Muyar nyubun-nyubun kuku-ji yamba-ji baja, wulbumanangka balkan: muyar kungkarrmuny bana-wungar wundil mukungu, muyar kuwamuny bubu marral wundil, muyar jalunmuny jila wundil ngajalmuny, muyar kiway bubu wangkarmuny bulur wundil, nyulu jikan kambar-bungal muduwajuny.

analysis:
muyar nyubun-nyubun kuku-ji yamba-ji baja, wulbuman-angka balka-ny: muyar kungkarr-muny bana-wungar wundi-l muku-ngu, muyar kuwa-muny bubu marral wundi-l, muyar jalun-muny jila wundi-l ngajal-muny, muyar kiway bubu wangkar-muny bulur wundi-l, nyulu jikan kambar-bunga-l muduwajuny | wind each name-COMIT load-COMIT too, old.woman said: wind north-from wet.season carries back-LOC, wind west-from country dry carries, wind sea-from smell carries low.tide-of, wind cold country high-from dew carries, it grass white-CAUS at-dawn


frame: teaching
words_used: ["wadjal", "kuniway-ma-nka"]
loans_used: []
evidence: wadjal cyclone FIRST USE; PURP on INCHO; storm-safety callback to 050
status: accepted
confidence: 0.92
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:29:10.354773+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:41:42.724013+00:00
english:
A cyclone is not a big wind, the old man said flatly, it is a different creature altogether: the sea comes onto the land, the big trees go down, the wind itself becomes running water, so when the birds go quiet and the sea speaks with a strange word, tie everything, go to the deep channel, and leave the country to fight it out overhead.

kuku:
Wadjal nyulu kari muyar yalbay, mukulungku dingkarangka balkan dandi, nyulu minya yindu bajaku: jalun kaday bubuku, juku yalbay bada-mal, muyar nyulu-nyulu bana warri-mal, yalada kaki jarruka-jarruka wunbu-mal jalun kuku yindubu balkal, yamba wubulku kaja, dungay bana-baralka dukurrku, bawa bubu kuniway-manka wangkara.

analysis:
wadjal nyulu kari muyar yalbay, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka balka-ny dandi, nyulu minya yindu bajaku: jalun kada-y bubu-ku, juku yalbay bada-ma-l, muyar nyulu-nyulu bana warri-ma-l, yala-da kaki jarruka-jarruka wunbu-ma-l jalun kuku yindu-bu balka-l, yamba wubul-ku kaja, dunga-y bana-baral-ka dukurr-ku, bawa bubu kuniway-ma-nka wangkar-a | cyclone it NEG wind big, old man said flat, it creature different very: sea comes land-DAT, tree big down-becomes(INCHO), wind itself water running-becomes, so if birds quiet-become sea word strange-INST speaks, thing all tie!, go! channel-DAT deep-DAT, leave! country fight-become-PURP overhead-LOC


frame: teaching
words_used: ["yiril", "walngka", "birri"]
loans_used: []
evidence: yiril rainbow + walngka swamp FIRST USES; prohibitive + IMP -ka
status: accepted
confidence: 0.92
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:29:10.354773+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:41:42.724013+00:00
english:
The rainbow stands after the rain has fallen, one foot at the falls and one foot in the swamp, the old woman showed the children, and the old people say: do not point at it with the finger, greet it with the whole quiet hand, for the rainbow belongs to the big story, and a child's good manners reach all the way into it.

kuku:
Yiril janay kaba badanmuny, jina nyubun bana-badanga jina nyubun walngkanga, wulbumanangka karrkay-karrkay milbin, bama mukulungku balkal: kari nyulu milbi birribu, yulmbarrika nyulu marabu wubulkubu wunbubu, yiril nyulu kuku-jangkar yalbaymuny, karrkay murni yukil nyulu kaday dukurrku yinyaka.

analysis:
yiril jana-y kaba bada-ny-muny, jina nyubun bana-bada-nga jina nyubun walngka-nga, wulbuman-angka karrkay-karrkay milbi-ny, bama mukul-ungku balka-l: kari nyulu milbi birri-bu, yulmbarri-ka nyulu mara-bu wubul-ku-bu wunbu-bu, yiril nyulu kuku-jangkar yalbay-muny, karrkay murni yukil nyulu kada-y dukurr-ku yinya-ka | rainbow stands rain fallen-after, foot one falls-LOC foot one swamp-LOC, old.woman children showed, people old-ERG say: NEG it point! finger-INST, greet! it hand-INST whole-INST quiet-INST, rainbow it story big-of, child manner good it goes deep-DAT that-DAT


frame: teaching
words_used: ["kurrubijal", "dirra", "kiway-kiway"]
loans_used: []
evidence: kurrubijal morning star FIRST USE; SUCC on COMIT+INCHO chain; kiway-kiway attributive
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:29:10.354773+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:41:42.724013+00:00
english:
The morning star is the traveller's friend, the old man said as they carried the bags in the dark: when it stands alone above the high ground, the dawn follows close behind it, so the person who leaves beneath the morning star walks the cool road, and reaches the far camp before the sun grows teeth.

kuku:
Kurrubijal nyulu jawun jilba-bamamuny, mukulungku dingkarangka balkan, jana balji wundinya wujurrba: kaki nyulu janay nyubun bubu wangkara, muduwaju nyulu ngundu wukurril, yalada bama nyulu dungay kurrubijal badabada nyulu jilbal baral kiway-kiway, nyulu kaday bayanka kala-kalbayba wungar dirra-ji-manyjiku.

analysis:
kurrubijal nyulu jawun jilba-bama-muny, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka balka-ny, jana balji wundi-nya wujurr-ba: kaki nyulu jana-y nyubun bubu wangkar-a, muduwaju nyulu ngundu wukurri-l, yala-da bama nyulu dunga-y kurrubijal badabada nyulu jilba-l baral kiway-kiway, nyulu kada-y bayan-ka kala-kalbay-ba wungar dirra-ji-ma-nyjiku | morning.star it friend traveller-of, old man said, they bag carry-SUB dark-LOC: if it stands alone ground high-LOC, dawn it close.by follows, so person he goes morning.star underneath he walks road cool, he arrives camp-DAT far-LOC sun tooth-COMIT-become-SUCC


frame: teaching
words_used: ["wungar-dakal", "wungar-daray", "wabarr", "jiri"]
loans_used: []
evidence: wungar dakal/daray sunrise/sunset attested collocations; wabarr as shadow
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:29:10.354773+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:41:42.724013+00:00
english:
The sun climbs out of the sea, walks along the sky road, and falls behind the western ranges, the old woman traced it for the little ones with her arm: the sunrise belongs to the fishers, the high sun to the shade, the sunset to the cooking fires, and every person can learn the time by looking at the length of their own shadow.

kuku:
Wungar dakal jalunmuny, jilbal jiri-baralburr, daray manjal kuwamuny badabada, wulbumanangka yinya milbin karrkay-bubanka wakuybu: wungar-dakal nyulu kuyu-bamamuny, wungar wangkar wabarrmuny, wungar-daray baya-wajumuny, bama nyubun-nyubun wungar binal-mal nyajinya wabarr nyungu-nyungu kalbay.

analysis:
wungar daka-l jalun-muny, jilba-l jiri-baral-burr, daray manjal kuwa-muny badabada, wulbuman-angka yinya milbi-ny karrkay-buban-ka wakuy-bu: wungar-daka-l nyulu kuyu-bama-muny, wungar wangkar wabarr-muny, wungar-daray baya-waju-muny, bama nyubun-nyubun wungar binal-ma-l nyaji-nya wabarr nyungu-nyungu kalbay | sun climbs sea-from, walks sky-road-PERL, falls range west-from behind, old.woman that traced little.ones-DAT arm-INST: sunrise it fisher-of, sun high shade-of, sunset cooking.fire-of, person each time learns(INCHO) see-SUB shadow own long


frame: teaching
words_used: ["kija", "bala"]
loans_used: []
evidence: kija 'month' sense (grammar 2509 'moon, month'); moon-phase INCHO chain; recipient LOC ngamu-nda
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:29:10.354773+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:41:42.724013+00:00
english:
The moon is also the counter of months, the old man taught the young men before the journey: tell your mother, if this thin moon grows full and then grows thin again, I am coming back, for the moon is a word-stick that all the people in every camp can read on the same night.

kuku:
Kija nyulu wungar-milbil baja, mukulungku dingkarangka warru-warru milbin dunganka ngadiku: balka ngamunda: kaki kija bala yalbay-mal yalada bala-mal baja, ngayu kaday, kija nyulu kuku-juku, bama wubulku bayanba nyubun-nyubunba nyulu nyajil wujurr nyubunba.

analysis:
kija nyulu wungar-milbil baja, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka warru-warru milbi-ny dunga-nka ngadiku: balka ngamu-nda: kaki kija bala yalbay-ma-l yala-da bala-ma-l baja, ngayu kada-y, kija nyulu kuku-juku, bama wubul-ku bayan-ba nyubun-nyubun-ba nyulu nyaji-l wujurr nyubun-ba | moon it month-counter too, old man young.men taught go-PURP before: tell! mother-LOC: if moon thin big-becomes(INCHO) then thin-becomes again, I come.back, moon it word-stick, person all camp-LOC every-LOC it reads night one-LOC


frame: teaching
words_used: ["yira", "ngajal", "balar", "mukirr", "kiju"]
loans_used: []
evidence: tide-reading; mukirr mussel 20222; ngajal-ba/balar-ba l/r-final LOC -ba
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:33:05.894703+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:41:42.724013+00:00
english:
Read the tide before you promise fish, the old woman taught the boastful young man: at low tide the reef gives mussels and the crab holes stand open, at high tide the net does the working, and between the two stands the strongest hour, when the water turns and every swimming creature moves, so promise fish after you have looked at the water, not before.

kuku:
Yira nyaji kuyu balkanka ngadiku, wulbumanangka warru kuku-yalbaynka milbin: ngajalba kulji dayal mukirr, kiju bayan janay ngalkal, balara makarrbu murni murnil, jambulba janay wungar junkurr bajaku, bana murninya minya maraji-bama wubulku dungay, yalada balka kuyu bana nyajinmuny badaku, kari ngadiku.

analysis:
yira nyaji kuyu balka-nka ngadiku, wulbuman-angka warru kuku-yalbay-nka milbi-ny: ngajal-ba kulji daya-l mukirr, kiju bayan jana-y ngalkal, balar-a makarr-bu murni murni-l, jambul-ba jana-y wungar junkurr bajaku, bana murni-nya minya maraji-bama wubul-ku dunga-y, yala-da balka kuyu bana nyaji-ny-muny badaku, kari ngadiku | tide read! fish promise-PURP before, old.woman young.man boastful-DAT taught: low.tide-LOC reef gives mussel, crab camp stands open, high.tide-LOC net-ERG work works, two-LOC stands hour strong most, water turn-SUB creature swimming all moves, so promise! fish water seen-after at-last, NEG before


frame: teaching
words_used: ["mulngku", "kulur"]
loans_used: []
evidence: mulngku wave FIRST USE; prohibitive kari + INCHO IMP -maka; IMP -ka wukurri-ka; kulur threes
status: accepted
confidence: 0.92
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:33:05.894703+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:41:42.724013+00:00
english:
The waves are the sea's breath, the old woman said to the frightened child: small breath, small wave, storm breath, big wave, and like all breathing it never stops, so do not pick a fight with the wave, go under the white one, follow the smooth one, and keep one eye on the big third one, for the sea takes its breath in threes.

kuku:
Mulngku nyulu wawu jalunmuny, wulbumanangka karrkaynka yinil-jinka balkan: wawu buban, mulngku buban, wawu jarramalimuny, mulngku yalbay, yala wawu wubulku nyulu kariku janay, yalada kari kuniway-maka mulngkuka, dungay badabada mulngku kambarmuny, wukurrika mulngku kima, miyil nyubun karrba mulngku kulurka yalbayka, jalun nyulu wawu manil kulurbu.

analysis:
mulngku nyulu wawu jalun-muny, wulbuman-angka karrkay-nka yinil-ji-nka balka-ny: wawu buban, mulngku buban, wawu jarramali-muny, mulngku yalbay, yala wawu wubul-ku nyulu kariku jana-y, yala-da kari kuniway-ma-ka mulngku-ka, dunga-y badabada mulngku kambar-muny, wukurri-ka mulngku kima, miyil nyubun karrba mulngku kulur-ka yalbay-ka, jalun nyulu wawu mani-l kulur-bu | wave it breath sea-of, old.woman child-DAT fear-COMIT-DAT said: breath small, wave small, breath storm-of, wave big, like breath all it never stops, so NEG fight-become! wave-DAT, go! underneath wave white-from, follow!-IMP wave smooth, eye one hold! wave third-DAT big-DAT, sea it breath takes three-INST


frame: teaching
words_used: ["kiway", "kararr", "ngunjil"]
loans_used: []
evidence: kiway nominal as agent ([A 443] frame); 050.27 coal-covering callback; sharing law
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:33:05.894703+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:41:42.724013+00:00
english:
The cold is a quiet hunter, the old man said in the dark of the cold season: it never shouts like the storm, it comes in on soft feet while you sleep, and it takes the old and the small first, so cover the coals with sand, give the blanket to the other person, put the children between the grown sleepers, for warmth given away comes back doubled before dawn.

kuku:
Kiway nyulu balbi-bama wunbu, mukulungku dingkarangka balkan bulur-iji wujurrba: nyulu kariku yirrkay yala jarramali, nyulu kaday jina kimabu yundu wunanya, nyulu manil mukul buban ngadiku, yalada ngunjil jukarbu nanda, kararr daya bamanka yindunka, karrkay-buban bunga bama-yalbay wunanya jambulba, wumbul dayanmuny nyulu kaday baja jambul-mal muduwaju ngadiku.

analysis:
kiway nyulu balbi-bama wunbu, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka balka-ny bulur-iji wujurr-ba: nyulu kariku yirrka-y yala jarramali, nyulu kada-y jina kima-bu yundu wuna-nya, nyulu mani-l mukul buban ngadiku, yala-da ngunjil jukar-bu nanda, kararr daya bama-nka yindu-nka, karrkay-buban bunga bama-yalbay wuna-nya jambul-ba, wumbul daya-ny-muny nyulu kada-y baja jambul-ma-l muduwaju ngadiku | cold it hunter quiet, old man said cold.season dark-LOC: it never shouts like storm, it comes foot soft-INST you sleep-SUB, it takes old small first, so coals sand-INST cover!, blanket give! person-DAT other-DAT, children put! grown.sleeper sleep-SUB two-LOC, warmth given-of it comes back double-becomes(INCHO) dawn before


frame: teaching
words_used: ["wumbul", "wabarr", "muyar-bunga"]
loans_used: []
evidence: muyar-bunga 'fan' transparent CAUS; wabarr; prohibitive kari kunja
status: accepted
confidence: 0.92
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:33:05.894703+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:41:42.724013+00:00
english:
Heat is a heavy thing that cannot be seen, the old woman said, making wind over the baby with a leaf: it sits on the chest of the old people, the dogs dig cool beds under the shade, and it turns the waterbag into the best-loved relative, so in the hot season call nobody lazy — the heavy thing they are carrying just does not show.

kuku:
Wumbul nyulu yamba dandi nyajil-kari, wulbumanangka balkan, ngawa birrabu muyar-bunganya: nyulu bundal damungu bama mukulmuny, kayangka bubu bakal wabarr badabada, nyulu bana-balji jawun yukil bajaku murnil, yalada wangariji kari bama kunja junkurr-kari, yamba dandi jana wundilmuny nyulu nganga nyajil-kari.

analysis:
wumbul nyulu yamba dandi nyaji-l-kari, wulbuman-angka balka-ny, ngawa birra-bu muyar-bunga-nya: nyulu bunda-l damu-ngu bama mukul-muny, kaya-ngka bubu baka-l wabarr badabada, nyulu bana-balji jawun yukil bajaku murni-l, yala-da wangariji kari bama kunja junkurr-kari, yamba dandi jana wundi-l-muny nyulu nganga nyaji-l-kari | heat it thing heavy see-less, old.woman said, baby leaf-INST wind-CAUS-SUB: it sits chest-LOC person old-of, dog-ERG ground digs shade underneath, it waterbag relative good most makes, so hot.season NEG person call! lazy, thing heavy they carry-of it just visible-less


frame: teaching
words_used: ["marral", "kulbal", "yuday", "ngakiji"]
loans_used: []
evidence: marral dry; kulba-l pull; yuday frog aestivation; country-holding-breath frame
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:33:05.894703+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:41:42.724013+00:00
english:
In the long dry the country pulls its own water down into hidden camps, the old man taught: the creek goes under its own sand and keeps walking there, the frog shuts itself in a clay shelter, the tree drops many leaves and keeps the few, so the dry is not death, it is the country holding its breath, and the first rain is the long breathing-out.

kuku:
Marral kalbayba bubu-bu bana nyungu-nyungu bada kulbal bayanka ngakijinka, mukulungku dingkarangka milbin: wawubaja dungay badabada jukar nyungu-nyungumuny, nyulu jilbal yinyanga yabarrka, yuday nandaji kambar-bayanba, jukubu birra wubul bawal, buban karrbal, yalada marral nyulu kari wula, nyulu bubu wawu karrbanya, kaba ngadiku nyulu wawu-dayal kalbay.

analysis:
marral kalbay-ba bubu-bu bana nyungu-nyungu bada kulba-l bayan-ka ngakiji-ny-ka, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka milbi-ny: wawubaja dunga-y badabada jukar nyungu-nyungu-muny, nyulu jilba-l yinya-nga yabarrka, yuday nanda-ji-y kambar-bayan-ba, juku-bu birra wubul bawa-l, buban karrba-l, yala-da marral nyulu kari wula, nyulu bubu wawu karrba-nya, kaba ngadiku nyulu wawu-daya-l kalbay | dry long-LOC country-ERG water own down pulls camp-DAT hidden-DAT, old man taught: creek goes underneath sand own-from, it walks there-LOC still, frog closes(ITR) clay-shelter-LOC, tree-ERG leaf many drops, few keeps, so dry it NEG death, it country breath hold-SUB, rain first it breath-giving long


frame: narrative
words_used: ["yaru", "jubil", "marral"]
loans_used: []
evidence: yaru wet FIRST USE; jubi-l squeeze in its TRUE attested sense (grammar 3525) — rehabilitated; kaba
status: revised
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:33:05.894703+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
After many days of rain the whole country has become wet, the old woman laughed, squeezing the blankets: the wood is wet, the path is wet, the dog is wet and happy about it, and the firewood's one dry heart lies hidden deep inside, so learn to split the log and take the dry middle, and your fire will never die of rain.

kuku:
Kaba wungar wubulkumuny bubu wubulku yaru-man, wulbumanangka yajarr-man, kararr jubilnya: juku yaru, baral yaru, kaya yaru nyulu wawu-mini baja, baya-juku wawu marral nyungu wunay ngakijin dukurrba, yalada binal-maka juku dumbarrinka wawu marral maninka, baya yundumuny kariku wulay kabamuny.

analysis:
kaba wungar wubul-ku-muny bubu wubul-ku yaru-ma-ny, wulbuman-angka yajarr-ma-ny, kararr jubi-l-nya: juku yaru, baral yaru, kaya yaru nyulu wawu-mini baja, baya-juku wawu marral nyungu wuna-y ngakiji-ny dukurr-ba, yala-da binal-ma-ka juku dumbarri-nka wawu marral mani-nka, baya yundu-muny kariku wula-y kaba-muny | rain day many-after country whole wet-became(INCHO), old.woman laughed(INCHO), blanket squeeze-SUB: wood wet, path wet, dog wet it happy too, firewood heart dry its lies hidden deep-LOC, so learn-IMP! log split-DAT heart dry get-PURP, fire your never dies rain-from


frame: question
words_used: ["kulbal", "murrba-baja", "balka-way"]
loans_used: []
evidence: sun-and-wind frame; RECIP balka-wa-ny; DEG2 murrba-baja tighter
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:33:05.894703+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:41:42.724013+00:00
english:
Which one is stronger, the sun or the wind? the children argued, and the old woman settled it in the old way: the wind pulled at the traveller's blanket and he held it tighter, the sun stood quietly high and he took the blanket off his own body, so she said: big noise moves nothing, warm patience moves everything.

kuku:
Wanjaku junkurr-baja, wungar yambada muyar? karrkay-karrkay balka-wan, wulbumanangka yinya murnin yalabu mukulbu: muyarbu kararr kulban jilba-bamamuny, nyulu karrban murrba-baja, wungar janan wunbu wangkara, nyulu-nyulu kararr manin bangkarrmuny, yalada nyulu balkan: kuku yalbay kariku yamba murnil, wawu-karrba wumbul yamba wubulku murnil.

analysis:
wanjaku junkurr-baja, wungar yambada muyar? karrkay-karrkay balka-wa-ny, wulbuman-angka yinya murni-ny yala-bu mukul-bu: muyar-bu kararr kulba-ny jilba-bama-muny, nyulu karrba-ny murrba-baja, wungar jana-ny wunbu wangkar-a, nyulu-nyulu kararr mani-ny bangkarr-muny, yala-da nyulu balka-ny: kuku yalbay kariku yamba murni-l, wawu-karrba wumbul yamba wubul-ku murni-l | which strong-DEG2, sun or wind? children argue-RECIP, old.woman that settled way-INST old-INST: wind-ERG blanket pulled traveller-of, he held tight-DEG2, sun stood quiet high-LOC, himself blanket took body-from, so she said: noise big never thing moves, patience warm thing all moves


frame: narrative
words_used: ["wuyar", "milka-nga karrbal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: wuyar top FIRST USE; quiet-flood narrative; remember = milka-nga karrba-l idiom
status: accepted
confidence: 0.92
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:33:05.894703+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:41:42.724013+00:00
english:
In the year the river came into the trees, the old woman was a girl, and she holds the water's quiet in her ear more than its noise: it never roared, it spoke small and rose, spoke small and rose, until the nets were tied at the top of the shelter, so she teaches: from loud water, run with the legs, but when the quiet water is rising, tie the whole camp before dusk.

kuku:
Wungar wawubaja jukuku kadanmuny, wulbuman nyulu jalbu-buban, nyulu milkanga karrbal bana wunbu, kari kuku yalbay: nyulu kariku yirrkan, nyulu balkan buban wangkar kadan, balkan buban wangkar kadan, yalada makarr kajanmuny bayan wuyara, yalada nyulu milbil: banamuny yalbaymuny warri jandalbu, banamuny wunbumuny wangkar kadanya, bayan wubulku kaja miyil-wujurr-wujurr ngadiku.

analysis:
wungar wawubaja juku-ku kada-ny-muny, wulbuman nyulu jalbu-buban, nyulu milka-nga karrba-l bana wunbu, kari kuku yalbay: nyulu kariku yirrka-ny, nyulu balka-ny buban wangkar kada-ny, balka-ny buban wangkar kada-ny, yala-da makarr kaja-ny-muny bayan wuyar-a, yala-da nyulu milbi-l: bana-muny yalbay-muny warri jandal-bu, bana-muny wunbu-muny wangkar kada-nya, bayan wubul-ku kaja miyil-wujurr-wujurr ngadiku | year river tree-DAT came-of, old.woman she girl, she ear-LOC holds water quiet, NEG noise big: it never roared, it spoke small up came, spoke small up came, until net tied-of shelter top-LOC, so she teaches: water-from loud-from run! leg-INST, water-from quiet-from up come-SUB, camp whole tie! dusk before


frame: teaching
words_used: ["bulur", "dawar", "yijarril"]
loans_used: []
evidence: bulur dew; dawar stars-on-grass image; yijarri-l put 153
status: accepted
confidence: 0.92
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:33:05.894703+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:41:42.724013+00:00
english:
The dew is the night's quiet gift, the old man said, walking the children out at dawn: it puts little stars on every grass blade, it shows every track that walked in the dark, and it waters the grass when no rain comes, so the person who sleeps toward the high sun reads a country that has already been washed.

kuku:
Bulur nyulu daji-jirray wunbu wujurrmuny, mukulungku dingkarangka balkan, karrkay-karrkay jilba-bunganya muduwajuny: nyulu dawar buban yijarril jikanba nyubun-nyubunba, nyulu jina wubulku milbil wujurrba jilbanmuny, nyulu jikan bana-dayal kaba kari kadanya, yalada bama nyulu wunay wungar wangkarku nyulu bubu nyajil julurrinmuny ngadiku.

analysis:
bulur nyulu daji-jirray wunbu wujurr-muny, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka balka-ny, karrkay-karrkay jilba-bunga-nya muduwajuny: nyulu dawar buban yijarri-l jikan-ba nyubun-nyubun-ba, nyulu jina wubul-ku milbi-l wujurr-ba jilba-ny-muny, nyulu jikan bana-daya-l kaba kari kada-nya, yala-da bama nyulu wuna-y wungar wangkar-ku nyulu bubu nyaji-l julurri-ny-muny ngadiku | dew it gift quiet night-of, old man said, children walk-CAUS-SUB at-dawn: it star little puts grass-LOC each-LOC, it track all shows dark-LOC walked-of, it grass water-gives rain NEG come-SUB, so person he sleeps sun high-DAT he country reads washed-of already


frame: teaching
words_used: ["dawar", "balbal", "kiway-kiway"]
loans_used: []
evidence: balba-ji-y shine ITR (balbal tr attested); Milky-Way-as-river; potent COMIT -anji
status: accepted
confidence: 0.92
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:33:05.894703+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:41:42.724013+00:00
english:
On the cold clear nights the stars stand close-packed like sand, and the old woman lay back with the children and taught: that low shining one walks with the wet season, those three standing on a string are the old story, and the pale road across the middle of the sky is a river, and just as you know your country by its rivers, you know the night by that one.

kuku:
Wujurrba kiway-kiwaymba dawar janay murrba yala jukar, wulbuman wunan karrkay-karrkayanji milbin: dawar bada balbajinya nyulu jilbal bana-wungar-ji, dawar kulur karranga janay jana kuku-jangkar mukul, baral kambar jiri wangkarburr nyulu wawubaja, yala yundu bubu binal wawubajabu, yundu wujurr binal yinyabu.

analysis:
wujurr-ba kiway-kiway-mba dawar jana-y murrba yala jukar, wulbuman wuna-ny karrkay-karrkay-anji milbi-ny: dawar bada balba-ji-nya nyulu jilba-l bana-wungar-ji, dawar kulur karra-nga jana-y jana kuku-jangkar mukul, baral kambar jiri wangkar-burr nyulu wawubaja, yala yundu bubu binal wawubaja-bu, yundu wujurr binal yinya-bu | night-LOC cold-LOC star stand close-fitting like sand, old.woman lay children-COMIT taught: star low shine-ITR-SUB it walks wet.season-COMIT, star three string-LOC stand they story old, road pale sky middle-PERL it river, as you country know river-INST, you night know that-INST


frame: narrative
words_used: ["kiway", "balka-way", "kararr"]
loans_used: []
evidence: cold-vs-boast narrative; RECIP with potent COMIT participant; humor register
status: accepted
confidence: 0.92
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:33:05.894703+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:41:42.724013+00:00
english:
In one cold season a boastful young man said, I sleep without a fire in the dark, and by the second dawn he was sitting close by the old woman's fire with the blanket around his ears, and she gave him warm food and said only one word: the cold and the young men have been arguing since before the first fire, and the cold has never once lost.

kuku:
Bulur-iji nyubunba warru kuku-yalbay balkan, ngayu baya-kari wunay wujurrba, muduwaju jambulbu nyulu bundan wulbuman bayanga ngundu, nyulu bundan kararr-ji milkanga, wulbumanangka nyulu mayi wumbul dayan, kuku nyubun nganga balkan: kiway warru-warrunji balka-way baya ngadiku ngadikumuny, nyulu kariku nyubunbu bada-manin.

analysis:
bulur-iji nyubun-ba warru kuku-yalbay balka-ny, ngayu baya-kari wuna-y wujurr-ba, muduwaju jambul-bu nyulu bunda-ny wulbuman baya-nga ngundu, nyulu bunda-ny kararr-ji milka-nga, wulbuman-angka nyulu mayi wumbul daya-ny, kuku nyubun nganga balka-ny: kiway warru-warru-nji balka-wa-y baya ngadiku ngadiku-muny, nyulu kariku nyubun-bu bada-mani-ny | cold.season one-LOC young.man boastful said, I fire-less sleep dark-LOC, dawn second-INST he sat old.woman fire-LOC close.by, he sat blanket-COMIT ear-LOC, old.woman-ERG him food warm gave, word one only said: cold young.men-COMIT argues fire first before-from, it never once lost


frame: teaching
words_used: ["wabarr", "kiway", "bangkan"]
loans_used: []
evidence: wabarr as giver; kiway 'coolness' nominal; care-for-the-tree prohibitives
status: accepted
confidence: 0.92
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:33:05.894703+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:41:42.724013+00:00
english:
Shade is the tree's quiet giving, the old woman said at the high sun: it asks for no thanks, it moves slowly like a good person giving ground, and it holds a coolness that no single fire ever made, so when you eat at midday, thank the tree above you: do not dig at its roots, and leave its bark whole.

kuku:
Wabarr nyulu daji-jirray wunbu jukumuny, wulbumanangka balkan wungar wangkara: nyulu kuku-yukil kari babajil, nyulu jilbal buban-buban yala bama yukil bubu dayanya, nyulu kiway karrbal baya nyubunbu kariku murnilmuny, yalada kaki yundu nukal wungar wangkara, juku wangkara yulmbarrika: bangkan nyungu kari baka, warrur nyungu bawa wubulku.

analysis:
wabarr nyulu daji-jirray wunbu juku-muny, wulbuman-angka balka-ny wungar wangkar-a: nyulu kuku-yukil kari babaji-l, nyulu jilba-l buban-buban yala bama yukil bubu daya-nya, nyulu kiway karrba-l baya nyubun-bu kariku murni-l-muny, yala-da kaki yundu nuka-l wungar wangkar-a, juku wangkar-a yulmbarri-ka: bangkan nyungu kari baka, warrur nyungu bawa wubul-ku | shade it gift quiet tree-of, old.woman said sun high-LOC: it thanks NEG asks, it walks slowly like person good ground give-SUB, it coolness holds fire one-ERG never made-of, so if you eat sun high-LOC, tree overhead-LOC thank!: root its NEG dig!, bark its leave! whole


frame: teaching
words_used: ["jarramali", "jujubala", "kubu"]
loans_used: []
evidence: grammar 711 storm-season + ironwood-burning practice; kubu smoke attested; jujubala 164
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:37:06.470736+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:41:42.724013+00:00
english:
The thunderstorms rise when the year turns hot and they grow stronger toward the wet, the old people say, and some things call them and some things turn them away, so the old man burned ironwood leaves when the sky stacked up black, and whether the storm heard the smoke or not, the camp stood quieter for the doing.

kuku:
Jarramali wandil wangariji kadanya, nyulu junkurr-mal bana-wungarku, bama mukulungku balkal, yamba nyubunbu jana kunjal yamba yindubu jana murnil kala-kalbay, yalada mukulungku dingkarangka jujubala birra wajun jiri ngumbu-manya, jarramalibu kubu milka-janan yambada kari, bayan janan wunbu-baja murnilmuny.

analysis:
jarramali wandi-l wangariji kada-nya, nyulu junkurr-ma-l bana-wungar-ku, bama mukul-ungku balka-l, yamba nyubun-bu jana kunja-l yamba yindu-bu jana murni-l kala-kalbay, yala-da mukul-ungku dingkar-angka jujubala birra waju-ny jiri ngumbu-ma-nya, jarramali-bu kubu milka-jana-ny yambada kari, bayan jana-ny wunbu-baja murni-ny-muny | thunderstorm rises hot.season come-SUB, it strong-becomes(INCHO) wet.season-DAT, people old-ERG say, thing one-ERG them calls thing other-ERG them turns far.away, so old man ironwood leaf burned sky black-become-SUB, storm-ERG smoke heard or not, camp stood quiet-DEG2 doing-of


frame: narrative
words_used: ["wadjal", "dimbirr", "kangkal", "ngadiku-mal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: post-cyclone recovery; ngadiku-ma-l 'begin' transparent INCHO; PERL bubu-burr
status: accepted
confidence: 0.92
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:37:06.470736+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:41:42.724013+00:00
english:
After the cyclone the country lay beaten down, and the young people cried at the sight of it, but the old woman walked through that country naming the living: this root will rise again, these many seeds were standing ready for exactly this, that hollow tree fed the fire but its own children stand all around it, so she said: the country is not broken, it is becoming-first again, and that work this country knows best of all.

kuku:
Wadjalmuny bubu wunan bada yala kuninmuny, warru-warru badin nyajinya, yambada wulbuman jilban bubu-burr yinya, juran kunjanya: bangkan yala nyulu wandil baja, diburr wubulku janan yinyaka nganga, juku dimbirr yinya bayaka dungan yambada kangkal nyungu janay ngundu wubulku, yalada nyulu balkan: bubu nyulu kari dumbarrijin, nyulu ngadiku-mal baja, yinya murni bubu-bu binal yukil bajaku.

analysis:
wadjal-muny bubu wuna-ny bada yala kuni-ny-muny, warru-warru badi-ny nyaji-nya, yambada wulbuman jilba-ny bubu-burr yinya, juran kunja-nya: bangkan yala nyulu wandi-l baja, diburr wubul-ku jana-ny yinya-ka nganga, juku dimbirr yinya baya-ka dunga-ny yambada kangkal nyungu jana-y ngundu wubul-ku, yala-da nyulu balka-ny: bubu nyulu kari dumbarri-ji-ny, nyulu ngadiku-ma-l baja, yinya murni bubu-bu binal yukil bajaku | cyclone-after country lay down like beaten-of, young.people cried see-SUB, but old.woman walked country-PERL that, living name-SUB: root this it rises again, seed many stood this-DAT exactly, tree hollow that fire-DAT went but own.child its stand close.by many, so she said: country it NEG broken(ITR), it first-becomes(INCHO) again, that work country-ERG knows well most


frame: teaching
words_used: ["ngurrbal", "wawu-karrba-kari"]
loans_used: []
evidence: fog conduct; wawu-karrba-kari 'impatience' transparent PRIV; bana-mani drown
status: accepted
confidence: 0.92
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:37:06.470736+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:41:42.724013+00:00
english:
The fog is a visitor that holds the camp still, the old man said: sounds walk far inside it but the eye dies at the third tree, so when the fog sits down, sit down too, mend your nets and tell the short stories, for the sun is already working on it from above, and impatience has drowned more people than every river.

kuku:
Ngurrbal nyulu jilba-bama bayan wunbu-bungal, mukulungku dingkarangka balkan: kuku jilbal kala-kalbay dukurrba nyungu, yambada miyil wulay juku kulura, yalada kaki ngurrbal bundal, bunda baja, makarr murni kuku-jangkar buban balka, wungar nyulu murnil yinyaka wangkarmuny ngadiku, wawu-karrba-karibu bama wubul bana-manin, wubul-baja wawubajamuny nyubun-nyubunmuny.

analysis:
ngurrbal nyulu jilba-bama bayan wunbu-bunga-l, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka balka-ny: kuku jilba-l kala-kalbay dukurr-ba nyungu, yambada miyil wula-y juku kulur-a, yala-da kaki ngurrbal bunda-l, bunda baja, makarr murni kuku-jangkar buban balka, wungar nyulu murni-l yinya-ka wangkar-muny ngadiku, wawu-karrba-kari-bu bama wubul bana-mani-ny, wubul-baja wawubaja-muny nyubun-nyubun-muny | fog it visitor camp quiet-CAUS, old man said: sound walks far inside-LOC its, but eye dies tree third-LOC, so if fog sits, sit! too, net mend! story short tell!, sun it works that-DAT above-from already, patience-less-ERG person many drowned(water-took), more river-from every-from


frame: teaching
words_used: ["jila", "kaba", "kambar"]
loans_used: []
evidence: petrichor + leaf-turn signs; jila smell 7088; PURP chains
status: accepted
confidence: 0.92
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:37:06.470736+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:41:42.724013+00:00
english:
You can smell the rain before you see it, the old woman taught: the country breathes out like a person about to sweat, the ground's breath rises, the leaves show their pale backs, the birds fly low, so when the earth smell stands up and the leaves show white, bring in the food and strengthen the shelter, even while the open sky says otherwise.

kuku:
Yundu kaba jila manil nyajinka ngadiku, wulbumanangka milbin: bubu wawu-dayal yala bama jila-warrinka ngadiku, bubu wawu wangkar dayal, birrabu muku kambar milbil, jarruka-jarruka bada warril, yalada kaki bubu-jila wandil birra kambar-milbil, mayi mana bayanka, bayan junkurr-bunga, jiri ngalkal yala balkanya baja.

analysis:
yundu kaba jila mani-l nyaji-nka ngadiku, wulbuman-angka milbi-ny: bubu wawu-daya-l yala bama jila-warri-nka ngadiku, bubu wawu wangkar daya-l, birra-bu muku kambar milbi-l, jarruka-jarruka bada warri-l, yala-da kaki bubu-jila wandi-l birra kambar-milbi-l, mayi mana bayan-ka, bayan junkurr-bunga, jiri ngalkal yala balka-nya baja | you rain smell get see-PURP before, old.woman taught: country breath-gives like person sweat-PURP about, ground breath up gives, leaf-ERG back pale shows, birds low fly(run), so if earth-smell rises leaf pale-shows, food take! camp-DAT, shelter strengthen!, sky open so say-SUB even


frame: question
words_used: ["bijarril", "muyar", "bala"]
loans_used: []
evidence: bijarri-l dream attested; where-question r.32; poetic register
status: accepted
confidence: 0.92
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:37:06.470736+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:41:42.724013+00:00
english:
Where does the wind sleep? the smallest one asked, and the whole camp went quiet for the answer, and the old woman said: in the stone shelters of the range, in the deep channel, in the sea's deep rooms, and some nights it sleeps in one thin tree, and you can hear it dreaming there, and that is why that tree is always whispering.

kuku:
Wanja muyar wunay? buban bajaku babajin, bayan wubulku wunbu-man kukuka, wulbumanangka balkan: kulji-bayanba manjalmuny, bana-baral dukurrba, jalun bayanba dukurrba, wujurr nyubun-nyubunba nyulu wunay juku balanga nyubunba, yundu nyulu milka-janay bijarrilnya yinyanga, yinya wanyurrinku juku yinya yabarrka balkal buban.

analysis:
wanja muyar wuna-y? buban bajaku babaji-ny, bayan wubul-ku wunbu-ma-ny kuku-ka, wulbuman-angka balka-ny: kulji-bayan-ba manjal-muny, bana-baral dukurr-ba, jalun bayan-ba dukurr-ba, wujurr nyubun-nyubun-ba nyulu wuna-y juku bala-nga nyubun-ba, yundu nyulu milka-jana-y bijarri-l-nya yinya-nga, yinya wanyurrinku juku yinya yabarrka balka-l buban | where wind sleeps? little.one very asked, camp whole quiet-became(INCHO) answer-DAT, old.woman said: stone-shelter-LOC range-of, channel deep-LOC, sea room-LOC deep-LOC, night some-LOC it sleeps tree thin-LOC one-LOC, you it hear dream-SUB there-LOC, that why tree that always speaks small


frame: teaching
words_used: ["marral", "yaru", "wandul"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.92
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:37:06.470736+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:41:42.724013+00:00
english:
Dry-time fire is easy and dangerous, wet-time fire is hard and precious, the old man folded the whole year into one small teaching at the fire-drill: in the dry, one left-behind spark owns the whole ridge by dusk, in the wet, one dry heart of a log is worth a fat fish, so the fire law turns with the seasons, but the fire respect stands unmoving all year.

kuku:
Baya marralba nyulu kaka-kari yinil-ji baja, baya yaruba nyulu dandi yukil bajaku baja, mukulungku dingkarangka wungar-jina wubulku balkan buban: marralba baya-buban bawanmuny nyubunbu bubu wangkar manil miyil-wujurr-wujurrku, yaruba wawu marral nyubun jukumuny nyulu yala kuyu wandul-ji, yalada kuku bayamuny murnil wungar-jinanji, yambada baya-yulmbarril janay warri-kari wungar wubulku.

analysis:
baya marral-ba nyulu kaka-kari yinil-ji baja, baya yaru-ba nyulu dandi yukil bajaku baja, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka wungar-jina wubul-ku balka-ny buban: marral-ba baya-buban bawa-ny-muny nyubun-bu bubu wangkar mani-l miyil-wujurr-wujurr-ku, yaru-ba wawu marral nyubun juku-muny nyulu yala kuyu wandul-ji, yala-da kuku baya-muny murni-l wungar-jina-nji, yambada baya-yulmbarri-l jana-y warri-kari wungar wubul-ku | fire dry-LOC it pain-less fear-COMIT too, fire wet-LOC it hard good most too, old man year whole said small: dry-LOC spark left-of one-ERG ground high takes dusk-DAT, wet-LOC heart dry one log-of it like fish fat-COMIT, so law fire-of turns season-COMIT, but fire-respect stands move-less year whole-DAT

evidence:
marral-ba/yaru-ba season LOCs; wandul fat (vindicated 2127 watchlist token); 050.48 fire-law callback


frame: narrative
words_used: ["ngajal", "yira", "kunjal"]
loans_used: ["school"]
evidence: reef harvest; loan school; yira-bu ERG 'the tide called'
status: accepted
confidence: 0.92
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:37:06.470736+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:41:42.724013+00:00
english:
At the big low tide of the cold season the whole camp walked out onto the reef country, the old woman remembered: the world doubled itself in the still water, everyone bent low over the stones, by the turn of the tide the bags had grown heavy, and the smallest child had learned ten new creatures, so the sea garden was the first school, and the tide called everybody home.

kuku:
Ngajalba yalbayba bulur-ijimuny bayan wubulku jilban jalun-bubuku, wulbuman milka-binalku: bubu jambul-man bana wunbungu, bama wubulku bundan bada kuljika, yira murninya balji dandi-man, karrkay buban bajaku minya wubul jirakal binalman, yalada jalun-bubu nyulu school ngadiku, yirabu bama wubulku kunjan bayanka.

analysis:
ngajal-ba yalbay-ba bulur-iji-muny bayan wubul-ku jilba-ny jalun-bubu-ku, wulbuman milka-binalku: bubu jambul-ma-ny bana wunbu-ngu, bama wubul-ku bunda-ny bada kulji-ka, yira murni-nya balji dandi-ma-ny, karrkay buban bajaku minya wubul jirakal binal-ma-ny, yala-da jalun-bubu nyulu school ngadiku, yira-bu bama wubul-ku kunja-ny bayan-ka | low.tide-LOC big-LOC cold.season-of camp whole walked sea-country-DAT, old.woman remembers: world two-became(INCHO) water still-LOC, people all bent low stone-DAT, tide turn-SUB bag heavy-became, child small very creature many new learned(INCHO), so sea-garden it school first, tide-ERG people all called home-DAT


frame: teaching
words_used: ["muyar", "wungar-daray"]
loans_used: []
evidence: land/sea breeze cycle; wungar daray attested; DEG2 pair
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:37:06.470736+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:41:42.724013+00:00
english:
The sea wind rises with the morning and lies down with the falling sun, the old man told the young men of the water: go out on the land's breath in the dark morning, come home on the sea's breath as the sun falls, and you will work half as much and live twice as long.

kuku:
Muyar jalunmuny wandil muduwajuny, wunay wungar daraynya, mukulungku dingkarangka warru-warru banamuny milbin: dungay jalunka wawubu bubumuny wujurrba muduwajuny, kaday bayanka wawubu jalunmuny wungar daraynya, yundu murnil buban-baja, yundu juran kalbay-baja.

analysis:
muyar jalun-muny wandi-l muduwajuny, wuna-y wungar daray-nya, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka warru-warru bana-muny milbi-ny: dunga-y jalun-ka wawu-bu bubu-muny wujurr-ba muduwajuny, kada-y bayan-ka wawu-bu jalun-muny wungar daray-nya, yundu murni-l buban-baja, yundu juran kalbay-baja | wind sea-from rises at-dawn, lies sun fall-SUB, old man young.men water-of taught: go! sea-DAT breath-INST land-of dark-LOC at-dawn, come! home-DAT breath-INST sea-of sun fall-SUB, you work little-DEG2, you alive long-DEG2


frame: teaching
words_used: ["jabulbina", "balbay"]
loans_used: []
evidence: jabulbina thunder FIRST USE; lightning-first physics; storm-distance by breaths
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:37:06.470736+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:41:42.724013+00:00
english:
Thunder is the sky speaking big, the old woman told the child who hid at the first crack: the shout is not the spear, the light walks first and the sound comes behind, so take slow breaths between them, and when the breaths become few, leave the tall tree, for the storm is walking closer.

kuku:
Jabulbina nyulu jiri kuku yalbay balkanya, wulbumanangka karrkaynka ngakijinka balkan jabulbina ngadikumuny: yirrkay nyulu kari kalka, balbay jilbal ngadiku kuku badaku kaday, yalada wawu mana buban-buban jambulba, kaki wawu buban-mal, bawa juku kalbay, jarramali nyulu jilbal ngunduku.

analysis:
jabulbina nyulu jiri kuku yalbay balka-nya, wulbuman-angka karrkay-nka ngakiji-ny-ka balka-ny jabulbina ngadiku-muny: yirrka-y nyulu kari kalka, balbay jilba-l ngadiku kuku bada-ku kada-y, yala-da wawu mana buban-buban jambul-ba, kaki wawu buban-ma-l, bawa juku kalbay, jarramali nyulu jilba-l ngundu-ku | thunder it sky word big say-SUB, old.woman child-DAT hidden-DAT said thunder first-after: shout it NEG spear, lightning walks first sound after-DAT comes, so breath take! slowly two-LOC, if breath few-becomes(INCHO), leave! tree tall, storm it walks closer-DAT


frame: teaching
words_used: ["dawar", "baya-ji"]
loans_used: []
evidence: shooting star frame; yamba baya-ji 'fire-carrier'; night-as-teacher
status: accepted
confidence: 0.92
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:37:06.470736+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:41:42.724013+00:00
english:
A star coming down is a traveller changing camps, the old man said when the child cried out at one: the sky people move house too, nothing that carries a fire stays in one place forever, so show your hand to the traveller, then look at the fire of your own camp, for the night always teaches by showing.

kuku:
Dawar bada kadanya nyulu jilba-bama bayan yindu-manilnya, mukulungku dingkarangka balkan, karrkay yirrkanya nyajinya: bama jirimuny bayan wundil baja, yamba baya-ji kariku janay bubu nyubunba yabarrka, yalada mara milbi jilba-bamanka, yalada nyaji baya bayanmuny, wujurrbu milbil yabarrka yalabu.

analysis:
dawar bada kada-nya nyulu jilba-bama bayan yindu-ma-ni-l-nya, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka balka-ny, karrkay yirrka-nya nyaji-nya: bama jiri-muny bayan wundi-l baja, yamba baya-ji kariku jana-y bubu nyubun-ba yabarrka, yala-da mara milbi jilba-bama-nka, yala-da nyaji baya bayan-muny, wujurr-bu milbi-l yabarrka yala-bu | star down come-SUB it traveller camp change-CAUS-SUB, old man said, child shout-SUB see-SUB: people sky-of camp carry too, thing fire-COMIT never stands place one-LOC forever, so hand show! traveller-DAT, then see! fire camp-of, night-ERG teaches always example-INST


frame: teaching
words_used: ["ngurrbal", "bari", "kulbal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: river-fog; bari chin; SUCC babaji-nyjiku; two-seasons taste image
status: accepted
confidence: 0.92
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:37:06.470736+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:41:42.724013+00:00
english:
On the cold mornings the river wears the fog like a blanket pulled up to the chin, the old woman said, and the birds talk inside it unseen, so the fishers sit and wait at the edge, for the sun will fold that blanket back before the food fires ask for them, and a fish caught in the clearing fog carries the smell of two seasons.

kuku:
Muduwajuny kiway-kiwaymba wawubaja kararr-ji ngurrbal-ji yala bama kararr kulbal bariku, wulbumanangka balkan, jarruka-jarruka balkal dukurrba nyungu nyajil-kari, yalada kuyu-bama bundal janay ngundu, wungarbu kararr yinya murnil baja mayi-baya babajinyjiku, kuyu maninmuny ngurrbal dunganya nyulu jila-ji wungar-jina jambulmuny.

analysis:
muduwajuny kiway-kiway-mba wawubaja kararr-ji ngurrbal-ji yala bama kararr kulba-l bari-ku, wulbuman-angka balka-ny, jarruka-jarruka balka-l dukurr-ba nyungu nyaji-l-kari, yala-da kuyu-bama bunda-l jana-y ngundu, wungar-bu kararr yinya murni-l baja mayi-baya babaji-nyjiku, kuyu mani-ny-muny ngurrbal dunga-nya nyulu jila-ji wungar-jina jambul-muny | at-dawn cold-LOC river blanket-COMIT fog-COMIT like person blanket pulls chin-DAT, old.woman said, birds talk inside-LOC its unseen, so fisher sits waits edge(close.by), sun-ERG blanket that turns back food-fire ask-SUCC, fish caught-of fog go-SUB it smell-COMIT season two-of


frame: narrative
words_used: ["wuna-nyaku", "jubil", "wunkuny"]
loans_used: []
evidence: IRR counterfactual; jubi-l squeeze true sense; two-skies forecasting law
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:37:06.470736+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:41:42.724013+00:00
english:
We would have stayed dry, the old man laughed, squeezing the blanket, if anyone had believed the black wall over the sea instead of the clear sky over the camp, so hear the weather law of the two skies: the sky overhead tells you today, the sky at the sea tells you tomorrow, and it is tomorrow that ties up the camp.

kuku:
Ngana marral wunanyaku, mukulungku dingkarangka yajarr-man, kararr jubilnya, kaki bamangka kuku-junkurr-manin ngurrban ngumbu jalunba, kari jiri ngalkal bayan wangkara, yalada milka-janay kuku jirimuny jambulmuny: jiri wangkara balkal nyiku, jiri jalunba balkal wunkuny, wunkunybu bayan kajal.

analysis:
ngana marral wuna-nyaku, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka yajarr-ma-ny, kararr jubi-l-nya, kaki bama-ngka kuku-junkurr-mani-ny ngurrban ngumbu jalun-ba, kari jiri ngalkal bayan wangkar-a, yala-da milka-jana-y kuku jiri-muny jambul-muny: jiri wangkar-a balka-l nyiku, jiri jalun-ba balka-l wunkuny, wunkuny-bu bayan kaja-l | we dry stay-IRR, old man laughed(INCHO), blanket squeeze-SUB, if people-ERG believed cloud black sea-LOC, NEG sky clear camp high-LOC, so listen! law sky-of two-of: sky overhead-LOC tells today, sky sea-LOC tells tomorrow, tomorrow-ERG camp ties


frame: teaching
words_used: ["wandul", "kulngu", "wunba", "kiway"]
loans_used: []
evidence: wandul fat vindicated; kiway nominal; seasonal economy; PERL kalbay-burr
status: accepted
confidence: 0.92
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:37:06.470736+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:41:42.724013+00:00
english:
The cold season is the fat season, the old woman taught the girls at the fire: the fish are slow and carry fat, the bandicoots come down to the soft grass, the honey sits heavy in the trees, so the old people called the cold time the quiet harvest, and a family that works the short cold days eats with singing through the long hot ones.

kuku:
Bulur-iji nyulu wungar wandulmuny, wulbumanangka jalbu-buban milbin bayanga: kuyu buban-buban wandul-ji, kulngu kaday bada jikanka kimaka, wunba bundal dandi jukungu, yalada bama mukulungku kiway kunjan mayi-mani wunbu, jawun-karra nyulu murnil wungar kiway bubanba, nyulu nukal wulngku-ji wungar wumbul kalbayburr.

analysis:
bulur-iji nyulu wungar wandul-muny, wulbuman-angka jalbu-buban milbi-ny baya-nga: kuyu buban-buban wandul-ji, kulngu kada-y bada jikan-ka kima-ka, wunba bunda-l dandi juku-ngu, yala-da bama mukul-ungku kiway kunja-ny mayi-mani wunbu, jawun-karra nyulu murni-l wungar kiway buban-ba, nyulu nuka-l wulngku-ji wungar wumbul kalbay-burr | cold.season it time fat-of, old.woman girls taught fire-LOC: fish slow fat-COMIT, bandicoot comes down grass-DAT soft-DAT, honey sits heavy tree-LOC, so people old-ERG cold called food-getting quiet, family it works day cold short-LOC, it eats song-COMIT day hot long-PERL


frame: teaching
words_used: ["wangariji", "jarramali-mal", "ngumbu"]
loans_used: []
evidence: cumulus build-up; INCHO chain; wanjaku which r.32
status: accepted
confidence: 0.92
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:40:09.031528+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:41:42.724013+00:00
english:
In the hot season the afternoon sky builds its own country, the old man said: white mountains stand up where no mountains are, their feet turn black, and at dusk they either walk away along the range or come down on the camp as the storm, so the hot-time afternoon has two doors, and the sky tells you by its feet which one it will use.

kuku:
Wangariji jiri wungar-daraymuny bubu nyungu-nyungu murnil, mukulungku dingkarangka balkan: manjal kambar janay wanja manjal-kari, jina jana ngumbu-mal, miyil-wujurr-wujurrba jana jilbal kala-kalbay manjalburr yambada jana kaday bayanka jarramali-mal, yalada wungar-daray wangarijimuny nyulu baral jambul-ji, jiribu yununy milbil jinabu wanjaku baral nyulu manil.

analysis:
wangariji jiri wungar-daray-muny bubu nyungu-nyungu murni-l, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka balka-ny: manjal kambar jana-y wanja manjal-kari, jina jana ngumbu-ma-l, miyil-wujurr-wujurr-ba jana jilba-l kala-kalbay manjal-burr yambada jana kada-y bayan-ka jarramali-ma-l, yala-da wungar-daray wangariji-muny nyulu baral jambul-ji, jiri-bu yununy milbi-l jina-bu wanjaku baral nyulu mani-l | hot.season sky afternoon-of country its-own builds, old man said: mountain white stand where mountain-less, foot their black-becomes(INCHO), dusk-LOC they walk away range-PERL or they come camp-DAT storm-become(INCHO), so afternoon hot.season-of it road two-COMIT, sky-ERG you shows foot-INST which road it takes


frame: teaching
words_used: ["dawar", "kiway-kiway", "murrba"]
loans_used: []
evidence: cold-sky clarity; star-at-its-own-fire image; mosquito circumlocution from 050.11
status: accepted
confidence: 0.92
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:40:09.031528+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:41:42.724013+00:00
english:
The cold nights are the clear nights, the old woman said: the wet sky is a crowded camp, many clouds standing close, but the cold sky has been swept clean, every star at its own fire, so the old people taught the star stories in the cold season, when the whole sky stands open and the small biting creatures have gone home.

kuku:
Wujurr kiway-kiway nyulu wujurr ngalkal, wulbumanangka balkan: jiri yarumuny nyulu bayan bama-jakal, ngurrban wubul murrba janay, yambada jiri kiway-kiwaymuny nyulu julurrinmuny, dawar nyubun-nyubun bayanga nyungu-nyungunga, yalada bama mukulungku kuku-jangkar dawarmuny milbin bulur-iji, jiri wubulku janay ngalkal, minya bakal-bama buban dungan bayanka.

analysis:
wujurr kiway-kiway nyulu wujurr ngalkal, wulbuman-angka balka-ny: jiri yaru-muny nyulu bayan bama-jakal, ngurrban wubul murrba jana-y, yambada jiri kiway-kiway-muny nyulu julurri-ny-muny, dawar nyubun-nyubun baya-nga nyungu-nyungu-nga, yala-da bama mukul-ungku kuku-jangkar dawar-muny milbi-ny bulur-iji, jiri wubul-ku jana-y ngalkal, minya bakal-bama buban dunga-ny bayan-ka | night cold it night clear(open), old.woman said: sky wet-of it camp person-full, cloud many close-fitting stand, but sky cold-of it washed-of, star each fire-LOC own-LOC, so people old-ERG story star-of taught cold.season, sky whole stands open, creature piercer small gone home-DAT


frame: teaching
words_used: ["jabulbina", "kubu", "nanda-nyjiku"]
loans_used: []
evidence: first-thunder as work-list; SUCC on nanda-l; kubu smoke
status: revised
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:40:09.031528+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
When the first thunder of the year speaks, put the cold-season work down and look over your tools, the old man taught: the wet is walking up from the sea, see what must be finished before the rivers close the roads — wood to the camp, shelters tight, meat with smoke — for the first thunder is not a warning, it is a word for working.

kuku:
Kaki jabulbina ngadiku wungarmuny balkal, murni kiwaymuny yijarrika bada, yamba-murni nyungu nyaji, mukulungku dingkarangka milbin: bana-wungar jilbal wangkar jalunmuny, nyaji wanyu kunbay-manilka wawubajabu baral nandanyjiku: juku bayanka, bayan murrba, minya kubu-ji, jabulbina ngadiku nyulu kari kuku-yinil, nyulu kuku murninka.

analysis:
kaki jabulbina ngadiku wungar-muny balka-l, murni kiway-muny yijarri-ka bada, yamba-murni nyungu nyaji, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka milbi-ny: bana-wungar jilba-l wangkar jalun-muny, nyaji wanyu kunba-y-mani-nka wawubaja-bu baral nanda-nyjiku: juku bayan-ka, bayan murrba, minya kubu-ji, jabulbina ngadiku nyulu kari kuku-yinil, nyulu kuku murni-nka | if thunder first year-of speaks, work cold.season-of put! down, tool your see!, old man taught: wet.season walks up sea-from, see! what finish-DAT river-ERG road close-SUCC: wood camp-DAT, shelter tight, meat smoke-COMIT, thunder first it NEG warning-word, it word work-PURP


frame: teaching
words_used: ["bana-bayan", "marral"]
loans_used: []
evidence: drought waterhole law; bana-bayan waterhole transparent; speared-country closing
status: accepted
confidence: 0.92
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:40:09.031528+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:41:42.724013+00:00
english:
In the hard dry the last waterholes carry the whole country's life, the old man said, so the law at the small water is short and old: take what you need, camp far from the edge, keep the dogs tied, for every creature from the smallest to the biggest drinks at that one door, and a fouled waterhole is a speared country.

kuku:
Marralba dandiba bana-bayan bada bajaku wundil wawu bubumuny wubulku, mukulungku dingkarangka balkan, yalada kuku bana bubanba nyulu buban mukul baja: mana wanyu yundu wawu-manil nganga, bayan bunga kala-kalbay banamuny, kaya kaja karrbal, minya bubanmuny minya yalbayku jana wubulku nukal baral nyubunba yinyaba, bana mumbu-manin nyulu bubu kalkabu bakanmuny.

analysis:
marral-ba dandi-ba bana-bayan bada bajaku wundi-l wawu bubu-muny wubul-ku, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka balka-ny, yala-da kuku bana buban-ba nyulu buban mukul baja: mana wanyu yundu wawu-ma-ni-l nganga, bayan bunga kala-kalbay bana-muny, kaya kaja karrba-l, minya buban-muny minya yalbay-ku jana wubul-ku nuka-l baral nyubun-ba yinya-ba, bana mumbu-mani-ny nyulu bubu kalka-bu baka-ny-muny | dry-LOC hard-LOC waterhole last very carries life country-of whole, old man said, so law water small-LOC it short old too, take! what you need only, camp build! far water-from, dog tie! hold, creature small-from creature big-DAT they all drink road one-LOC that-LOC, water fouled-of it country spear-INST pierced-of


frame: question
words_used: ["wangariji", "bulur-iji", "marral"]
loans_used: []
evidence: season taxonomy row — the five-season frame vs the two-season count; contrastive waybala
status: revised
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:40:09.031528+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
How many seasons does the year hold? a child asked, and the old woman spread her fingers: the white people count two, the old people name them by how the country works — the hot time, the storm time, the wet, the drying time, the cold dew time — so the year has as many rooms as you have learned to see, and each one keeps its own food and its own work.

kuku:
Wanjarrinya wungar-jina wungarbu karrbal? karrkay babajin, wulbumanangka birri milbin: waybalangka jambul kunjal, bama mukulungku kunjal yala bubu murnil: wangariji, jarramali-wungar, bana-wungar, wungar marral-manya, bulur-iji, yalada wungar nyulu bayan-ji wubul-ji yala yundu binalman nyajinka, nyubun-nyubunbu mayi nyungu-nyungu murni nyungu-nyungu karrbal.

analysis:
wanjarrinya wungar-jina wungar-bu karrba-l? karrkay babaji-ny, wulbuman-angka birri milbi-ny: waybala-ngka jambul kunja-l, bama mukul-ungku kunja-l yala bubu murni-l: wangariji, jarramali-wungar, bana-wungar, wungar marral-ma-nya, bulur-iji, yala-da wungar nyulu bayan-ji wubul-ji yala yundu binal-ma-ny nyaji-nka, nyubun-nyubun-bu mayi nyungu-nyungu murni nyungu-nyungu karrba-l | how.many seasons year-ERG holds? child asked, old.woman finger showed: white.people-ERG two count(call), people old-ERG name as country works: hot.season, storm-season, wet.season, time dry-become-SUB, cold.dew.season, so year it room-COMIT many-COMIT as you learned see-DAT, each-ERG food own work own holds


frame: teaching
words_used: ["kaba", "bana-mal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: wet-season craft economy; kaba-nga in-the-rain LOC; closed-hand simile
status: accepted
confidence: 0.92
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:40:09.031528+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:41:42.724013+00:00
english:
In the deep wet the camp turns inward like a closed hand, the old woman said: the rivers own the country, the paths have become water, so the wet is the making season — string, nets, spear-points, songs — and the person who can sit busy in the rain walks out rich when the sun returns.

kuku:
Bana-wungara dukurrba bayan murnil dukurrku yala mara nandanmuny, wulbumanangka balkan: wawubajabu bubu karrbal, baral bana-mal, yalada bana-wungar nyulu murni-wungar: karra, makarr, kalka-murru, wulngku, bama nyulu bundal murni-ji kabanga nyulu jilbal ngalkalku yamba-ji wubul-ji wungar kadanya baja.

analysis:
bana-wungar-a dukurr-ba bayan murni-l dukurr-ku yala mara nanda-ny-muny, wulbuman-angka balka-ny: wawubaja-bu bubu karrba-l, baral bana-ma-l, yala-da bana-wungar nyulu murni-wungar: karra, makarr, kalka-murru, wulngku, bama nyulu bunda-l murni-ji kaba-nga nyulu jilba-l ngalkal-ku yamba-ji wubul-ji wungar kada-nya baja | wet.season-LOC deep-LOC camp turns inside-DAT like hand closed-of, old.woman said: river-ERG country holds, path water-becomes(INCHO), so wet.season it making-season: string, net, spear-point, song, person he sits work-COMIT rain-LOC he walks open-DAT thing-COMIT many-COMIT sun come-SUB back


frame: teaching
words_used: ["ngurrban", "makirr", "jiri-yamba"]
loans_used: []
evidence: rain-shadow contrast; makirr golden grass; addressee LOC bama-nda
status: accepted
confidence: 0.92
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:40:09.031528+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:41:42.724013+00:00
english:
The sky-things are different on the two sides of the range, the old man taught the traveller: the sea side drinks the clouds first and stands green and strong, the inland side takes what is left and stands in golden grass, so never promise tomorrow's sky from yesterday's country — ask the people of that country.

kuku:
Jiri-yamba nyulu yindu-yindu manjalmuny jambulba, mukulungku dingkarangka jilba-bama milbin: bubu jalunmuny ngurrban nukal ngadiku, nyulu jikan-ji junkurr-ji janay, bubu dukurrmuny manil yamba bawanmuny, nyulu jikan makirr-ji janay, yalada kari balka jiri-yamba wunkunymuny bubumuny yindumuny, babaji bamanda yinya bubumuny.

analysis:
jiri-yamba nyulu yindu-yindu manjal-muny jambul-ba, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka jilba-bama milbi-ny: bubu jalun-muny ngurrban nuka-l ngadiku, nyulu jikan-ji junkurr-ji jana-y, bubu dukurr-muny mani-l yamba bawa-ny-muny, nyulu jikan makirr-ji jana-y, yala-da kari balka jiri-yamba wunkuny-muny bubu-muny yindu-muny, babaji bama-nda yinya bubu-muny | sky-thing it different range-of two-LOC, old man traveller taught: country sea-of cloud drinks first, it grass-COMIT strength-COMIT stands, country inland-of takes thing left-of, it grass yellow-COMIT stands, so NEG promise! sky-thing tomorrow-of country-from other-from, ask! people-LOC that country-of


frame: narrative
words_used: ["kija", "baya-juku", "ngakiji"]
loans_used: []
evidence: kija moon correct sense (guard-satisfying gloss); night-fishing practice; 050.41 firestick callback
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:40:09.031528+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:41:42.724013+00:00
english:
While the moon was hiding, the old man took the boys night-fishing with firesticks, and the fish came to the light like children to a story, and he said as they walked home heavy: the moon keeps the fish wary, when she is away they believe every small fire, so the dark nights belong to the firestick and the moon nights to the net.

kuku:
Kija ngakijinya mukulungku dingkarangka buban-buban wundin kuyuka wujurrba baya-juku-ji, kuyu kadan bayaka yala karrkay kuku-jangkarka, nyulu balkan, jana jilbanya bayanka dandi: kijabu kuyu miyil-ji karrbal, kaki nyulu dungay, kuyubu kuku-junkurr-manil baya buban nyubun-nyubun, yalada wujurr ngumbu nyulu baya-jukumuny, wujurr kija-ji nyulu makarrmuny.

analysis:
kija ngakiji-nya mukul-ungku dingkar-angka buban-buban wundi-ny kuyu-ka wujurr-ba baya-juku-ji, kuyu kada-ny baya-ka yala karrkay kuku-jangkar-ka, nyulu balka-ny, jana jilba-nya bayan-ka dandi: kija-bu kuyu miyil-ji karrba-l, kaki nyulu dunga-y, kuyu-bu kuku-junkurr-mani-l baya buban nyubun-nyubun, yala-da wujurr ngumbu nyulu baya-juku-muny, wujurr kija-ji nyulu makarr-muny | moon hide-SUB old man boys took fish-DAT night-LOC firestick-COMIT, fish came light-DAT like child story-DAT, he said, they walk-SUB home-DAT heavy: moon-ERG fish eye-COMIT keeps, if she goes, fish-ERG believes fire small every, so night black it firestick-of, night moon-COMIT it net-of


frame: teaching
words_used: ["yuday", "yaburr", "wulngku"]
loans_used: []
evidence: animal forecasting; yaburr shark anchor; wulngku badi sing collocation
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:40:09.031528+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:41:42.724013+00:00
english:
The creatures hear the sky-things before the people do, the old woman said: the birds fall quiet before the big wind, the frogs sing the rain in before it lands, the shark goes deep before the storm, so when the bush changes its voice, believe it — the country's ears are older than ours.

kuku:
Minyabu jiri-yamba milka-janay bama ngadiku, wulbumanangka balkan: jarruka-jarruka wunbu-mal muyar yalbay ngadiku, yuday wulngku badi kaba kadanka ngadiku, yaburr dungay dukurrku jarramali ngadiku, yalada kaki majaji kuku nyungu yindu-bungal, kuku-junkurr-mana nyulu, milka bubumuny nyulu mukul-baja milkamuny nganamuny.

analysis:
minya-bu jiri-yamba milka-jana-y bama ngadiku, wulbuman-angka balka-ny: jarruka-jarruka wunbu-ma-l muyar yalbay ngadiku, yuday wulngku badi-y kaba kada-nka ngadiku, yaburr dunga-y dukurr-ku jarramali ngadiku, yala-da kaki majaji kuku nyungu yindu-bunga-l, kuku-junkurr-mana nyulu, milka bubu-muny nyulu mukul-baja milka-muny ngana-muny | creature-ERG sky-thing hears person before, old.woman said: birds quiet-become(INCHO) wind big before, frog song sings rain come-PURP before, shark goes deep-DAT storm before, so if scrub voice its changes-CAUS, believe! it, ear country-of it old-DEG2 ear-from our-from


frame: teaching
words_used: ["ngirran", "bulur-iji", "wandul"]
loans_used: []
evidence: cool-burn practice (technical); ngirran beetle; COMIT contrast wungar-jina-nji vs kuli-nji
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:40:09.031528+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:41:42.724013+00:00
english:
The right fire at the right time is a country-worker, the old man said on the burning day: the cool-season fire walks slow and low, eats the old rank grass, leaves the seed and the beetle, and calls up the green grass that brings the game, so the old people burned with the seasons, not with the temper, and the country paid them back in fat seasons.

kuku:
Baya yukil wungara yukilba nyulu bubu-murni-bama, mukulungku dingkarangka balkan wungar wajunmuny: baya bulur-ijimuny jilbal buban-buban bada, jikan mukul nukal, diburr ngirran baja bawal, jikan jirakal kunjal minya kadanka, yalada bama mukulungku wajun wungar-jinanji, kari kulinji, bububu jana dayan baja wungar wandul-jibu.

analysis:
baya yukil wungar-a yukil-ba nyulu bubu-murni-bama, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka balka-ny wungar waju-ny-muny: baya bulur-iji-muny jilba-l buban-buban bada, jikan mukul nuka-l, diburr ngirran baja bawa-l, jikan jirakal kunja-l minya kada-nka, yala-da bama mukul-ungku waju-ny wungar-jina-nji, kari kuli-nji, bubu-bu jana daya-ny baja wungar wandul-ji-bu | fire right time-LOC right-LOC it country-work-person, old man said day burning-of: fire cool.season-of walks slowly low, grass old eats, seed beetle too leaves, grass green calls game come-PURP, so people old-ERG burned season-COMIT, NEG anger-COMIT, country-ERG them paid back season fat-COMIT-INST


frame: question
words_used: ["jiri-yamba", "kuku-juku"]
loans_used: []
evidence: meta row: weather-talk as information system; kuku-juku word-stick callback to 051.13
status: accepted
confidence: 0.92
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:40:09.031528+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:41:42.724013+00:00
english:
Why do the old people talk about the sky-things so much? the young man teased, and the old woman did not laugh: because the weather is the country talking about food, water, travel and shelter all at once, so weather talk is not small talk, it is the country's oldest message-stick, and you pay for it only with the ear.

kuku:
Wanyurrinku bama mukulungku jiri-yambaka balkal wubulku bajaku? warrubu yajarr-ji babajin, wulbuman kari yajarr-man: jiri-yamba nyulu bubu balkanya mayika banaka jilbanka bayanka nyubunji, yalada kuku jiri-yambamuny nyulu kari kuku buban, nyulu kuku-juku mukul bajaku bubumuny, yundu dayal milka nganga.

analysis:
wanyurrinku bama mukul-ungku jiri-yamba-ka balka-l wubul-ku bajaku? warru-bu yajarr-ji babaji-ny, wulbuman kari yajarr-ma-ny: jiri-yamba nyulu bubu balka-nya mayi-ka bana-ka jilba-nka bayan-ka nyubun-ji, yala-da kuku jiri-yamba-muny nyulu kari kuku buban, nyulu kuku-juku mukul bajaku bubu-muny, yundu daya-l milka nganga | why people old-ERG sky-thing-DAT talk many very? young.man-ERG tease-COMIT asked, old.woman NEG laughed(INCHO): sky-thing it country talk-SUB food-DAT water-DAT travel-PURP shelter-DAT together, so talk weather-of it NEG talk small, it word-stick old most country-of, you pay ear only


frame: teaching
words_used: ["wangariji", "bulur-iji", "wulngku", "murru"]
loans_used: []
evidence: capstone year-wheel; full season-chain CAUS/INCHO cascade; round-song image
status: revised
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:40:09.031528+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T20:35:05.834735+00:00
english:
At the end the old woman turned the whole year once in her two hands like a grinding stone: the hot builds the storms, the storms uncover the wet, the wet fills the country, the drying turns the grass to seed, the cold washes the sky and fattens the fish, and then the hot stands up again, so the year is a round song, she said, and a person who knows all its verses is never lost in time, any more than a singer is lost inside a song.

kuku:
Badanga wulbumanangka wungar-jina wubulku murnin nyubunbu marabu jambulbu yala kulji-yurril: wangariji jarramali bungal, jarramalibu bana-wungar warmba-bungal, bana-wungarbu bubu jakal-bungal, wungar marral-manya jikan diburr-mal, bulur-ijibu jiri julurril kuyu wandul-bungal, yalada wangariji janay baja, yalada wungar-jina nyulu wulngku murru, nyulu balkan, bama nyulu wulngku-yamba wubulku binal nyulu kari bada-manin wungara, yala wulngku-bama kari bada-manin wulngkungu.

analysis:
bada-nga wulbuman-angka wungar-jina wubul-ku murni-ny nyubun-bu mara-bu jambul-bu yala kulji-yurri-l: wangariji jarramali bunga-l, jarramali-bu bana-wungar warmba-bunga-l, bana-wungar-bu bubu jakal-bunga-l, wungar marral-ma-nya jikan diburr-ma-l, bulur-iji-bu jiri julurri-l kuyu wandul-bunga-l, yala-da wangariji jana-y baja, yala-da wungar-jina nyulu wulngku murru, nyulu balka-ny, bama nyulu wulngku-yamba wubul-ku binal nyulu kari bada-mani-ny wungar-a, yala wulngku-bama kari bada-mani-ny wulngku-ngu | end-LOC old.woman-ERG year whole turned once hand-INST two-INST like grinding-stone: hot.season storm builds, storm-ERG wet.season uncovers, wet.season-ERG country fills, time dry-become-SUB grass seed-becomes(INCHO), cold.season-ERG sky washes fish fat-CAUS, then hot.season stands again, so year it song round, she said, person he song-part all knows he never lost time-LOC, as song-person never lost song-LOC


frame: teaching
words_used: ["nukanda", "yalada"]
loans_used: []
evidence: canonical TEMP1 chain — direct [A 510] echo
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:48:38.991486+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:59:20.332570+00:00
english:
They came in from the hunt at sunset, they washed the fish, they cooked, and then they ate — the old man said the little story again and again, for that one sentence carries the shape of a whole good day: work first, then fire, then food, and the word then is a quiet law that holds the string.

kuku:
Jana kadan balbilmuny wungar-daraynya, jana kuyu julurrin, wajun, nukanda, mukulungku dingkarangka kuku-jangkar buban balkan baja baja, kuku nyubun yinyabu wundil jina wubulku wungar yukilmuny: murni ngadiku, yalada baya, yalada mayi, kuku 'yalada' nyulu kuku wunbu, nyulu karra karrbal.

analysis:
jana kada-ny balbi-l-muny wungar-daray-nya, jana kuyu julurri-ny, waju-ny, nuka-n-da, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka kuku-jangkar buban balka-ny baja baja, kuku nyubun yinya-bu wundi-l jina wubul-ku wungar yukil-muny: murni ngadiku, yala-da baya, yala-da mayi, kuku 'yalada' nyulu kuku wunbu, nyulu karra karrba-l | they came hunt-from sunset-SUB, they fish washed, cooked, ate-THEN(TEMP1), old man story little said again again, sentence one that-ERG carries track whole day good-of: work first, then fire, then food, word then it law quiet, it string holds


frame: teaching
words_used: ["kuyu-ngurr", "damanda"]
loans_used: []
evidence: TEMP3 + TEMP1 — direct [A 512] echo
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:48:38.991486+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:59:20.332570+00:00
english:
He caught a fish first of all, then he speared a turtle — the old man made the boys say the old sentence again and again until the little word first sat easily in their mouths, for the order of the work is half the work, and the one who does the small sure thing first walks into the big risky thing with a full bag already on his back.

kuku:
Nyulu kuyu-ngurr manin, ngawuya damanda, mukulungku dingkarangka buban-buban balka-bungan kuku mukul baja baja, kuku buban 'ngurr' bundanya yukil ngandalba janamuny, murni-jina nyulu murni jambulmuny nyubun, bama nyulu yamba buban dandi ngadiku murnil nyulu dungay yamba yalbayka yinil-jika balji jakal-ji mukungu.

analysis:
nyulu kuyu-ngurr mani-ny, ngawuya dama-n-da, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka buban-buban balka-bunga-ny kuku mukul baja baja, kuku buban 'ngurr' bunda-nya yukil ngandal-ba jana-muny, murni-jina nyulu murni jambul-muny nyubun, bama nyulu yamba buban dandi ngadiku murni-l nyulu dunga-y yamba yalbay-ka yinil-ji-ka balji jakal-ji muku-ngu | he fish-FIRST(TEMP3) caught, turtle speared-THEN, old man boys say-CAUS sentence old again again, word little ngurr sit-SUB easy mouth-LOC their-of, work-order it work two-of one(half), person he thing small sure first does he goes thing big-DAT risky-DAT bag full-COMIT back-LOC


frame: teaching
words_used: ["wawu-yinya-muny", "bada-ngurr"]
loans_used: []
evidence: TEMP4 wawu-+ABL x3 + TEMP3 closing; kuku-ngu u-LOC (pre-bank catch)
status: revised
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:48:38.991486+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T07:17:23.800480+00:00
english:
After that they rested, after the food they told stories, after the stories the fire burned low and the camp slept — the old woman strung the evening on the little word after like mussels on one string, and she said: the day has an order the way a song has one, and nobody ever sings the last verse first of all.

kuku:
Wawu-yinya-muny jana mara-kunban, wawu-mayi-muny jana kuku-jangkar balkan, wawu-kuku-jangkar-muny baya buban wajun bayan wunan, wulbumanangka wujurr kajan kukungu buban 'wawu' yala mukirr karranga nyubunba, nyulu balkan: wungar nyulu jina-ji yala wulngku, bama nyubunbu wulngku-yamba bada-ngurr kariku badi.

analysis:
wawu-yinya-muny jana mara-kunba-ny, wawu-mayi-muny jana kuku-jangkar balka-ny, wawu-kuku-jangkar-muny baya buban waju-ny bayan wuna-ny, wulbuman-angka wujurr kaja-ny kuku-ngu buban 'wawu' yala mukirr karra-nga nyubun-ba, nyulu balka-ny: wungar nyulu jina-ji yala wulngku, bama nyubun-bu wulngku-yamba bada-ngurr kariku badi-y | after-that-TEMP4 they rested, after-food they story told, after-story fire small burned camp slept, old.woman-ERG evening tied word-LOC little wawu like mussel string-LOC one-LOC, she said: day it order-COMIT like song, person one-ERG verse last-FIRST never sings


frame: teaching
words_used: ["daya-rr", "julurri-ka-rr"]
loans_used: []
evidence: metalinguistic -rr row — direct cheatsheet 513 echoes
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:48:38.991486+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:59:20.332570+00:00
english:
Give it here first! wash your hands first! drink water first before you talk! — the sharp little rr rides at the end of the telling word when the order matters, the old woman taught the girls, so listen for it: when you hear daya-rr and julurri-ka-rr, the speaker is not just asking, they are setting the world on its right road.

kuku:
Daya-rr! julurri-ka-rr mara! bana-ngurr nuka balkanka ngadiku! kuku buban 'rr' bundal kuku badaba murni-jina yalbaynya, wulbumanangka jalbu-buban milbin, yalada milka-janay yinyaka: kaki yundu milka-janay 'daya-rr' 'julurri-ka-rr', balkal-bama nyulu kari nganga babajil, nyulu bubu yijarril baralba yukilba.

analysis:
daya-rr! julurri-ka-rr mara! bana-ngurr nuka balka-nka ngadiku! kuku buban rr bunda-l kuku bada-ba murni-jina yalbay-nya, wulbuman-angka jalbu-buban milbi-ny, yala-da milka-jana-y yinya-ka: kaki yundu milka-jana-y daya-rr julurri-ka-rr, balka-l-bama nyulu kari nganga babaji-l, nyulu bubu yijarri-l baral-ba yukil-ba | give-FIRST! wash-IMP-FIRST hand! water-FIRST drink! talk-PURP before! word little rr sits word end-LOC work-order big-SUB, old.woman girls taught, so listen! that-DAT: if you hear daya-rr julurri-ka-rr, speaker he NEG just asks, he world puts road-LOC right-LOC


frame: teaching
words_used: ["baya-ngurr"]
loans_used: []
evidence: routine TEMP ladder; zero-IMP wandi-bunga (CAUS)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.92
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:48:38.991486+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:59:20.332570+00:00
english:
The old woman's morning has run in one order for many wet seasons: stir the fire first of all, put the water on, wake the children while it warms, wash the small faces, then eat, and then the day may do whatever it wants, for the person who holds the first hour is never wholly held by the left-over day.

kuku:
Wulbuman muduwaju nyungu warrin jina nyubunburr bana-wungar wubulku bajaku: baya-ngurr murni, bana yijarrika bayanga, karrkay wandi-bunga bana wumbul-manya, walu buban julurrika, yalada nuka, yalada wungar murnil wanyu nyulu wawu-manil, bama nyulu wungar-buban ngadiku karrbal, wungar bawanmunybu nyulu kariku wubulku karrbal.

analysis:
wulbuman muduwaju nyungu warri-ny jina nyubun-burr bana-wungar wubul-ku bajaku: baya-ngurr murni, bana yijarri-ka baya-nga, karrkay wandi-bunga bana wumbul-ma-nya, walu buban julurri-ka, yala-da nuka, yala-da wungar murni-l wanyu nyulu wawu-ma-ni-l, bama nyulu wungar-buban ngadiku karrba-l, wungar bawa-ny-muny-bu nyulu kariku wubul-ku karrba-l | old.woman morning her ran track one-PERL wet.season many very: fire-FIRST stir!, water put! fire-LOC, children wake-CAUS water warm-become-SUB, face little wash!, then eat!, then day does what it wants, person he hour-first first holds, day left-of-ERG him never wholly holds


frame: narrative
words_used: ["kankaday", "banbadiy"]
loans_used: []
evidence: continuative redups (fixed set 2.5.3); y-deletion banbadi
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:48:38.991486+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:59:20.332570+00:00
english:
The water kept coming and kept coming, the old woman said of the flood year, and the people kept moving up, and the children kept crying until the old man sang, and he sang on and on until they went quiet, for a hard thing is only ever taken by a harder one.

kuku:
Bana kankaday kankaday, wulbumanangka balkan bana-yalbaymuny, bama jilbal wangkar jilbal wangkar, karrkay-karrkay banbadi yalada mukulungku dingkarangka wulngku badin, nyulu badin yabarrka jana wunbu-manya, yamba dandi nyulu maninmuny yamba dandi-bajabu nganga.

analysis:
bana kankada-y kankada-y, wulbuman-angka balka-ny bana-yalbay-muny, bama jilba-l wangkar jilba-l wangkar, karrkay-karrkay banbadi-y yala-da mukul-ungku dingkar-angka wulngku badi-ny, nyulu badi-ny yabarrka jana wunbu-ma-nya, yamba dandi nyulu mani-ny-muny yamba dandi-baja-bu nganga | water keep.coming keep.coming, old.woman said flood-of, people walked up walked up, children keep.crying then old man song sang, he sang always they quiet-become-SUB, thing hard it taken-of thing hard-DEG2-ERG only


frame: teaching
words_used: ["nandanda", "yalada"]
loans_used: []
evidence: reverse chain; TEMP1 nanda-n-da; TEMP3 on tools
status: accepted
confidence: 0.92
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:48:38.991486+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:59:20.332570+00:00
english:
The evening walks the morning's road backwards, the old man showed the boys: the tools come home first of all, then the food to the fire, then the small ones to the blankets, then the stories, and the coals are covered then-and-only-then, when every other thing already sleeps, for the day is folded from its end to its top, not from its beginning.

kuku:
Wujurr jilbal baral muduwajumuny muku-jinabu, mukulungku dingkarangka buban-buban milbin: yamba-murni-ngurr kaday bayanka, yalada mayi bayaka, yalada karrkay-buban kararrka, yalada kuku-jangkar, ngunjil nandanda yamba yindu wubulku wunanya, wungar nyulu murninmuny badamuny wangkarku, kari ngadikumuny.

analysis:
wujurr jilba-l baral muduwaju-muny muku-jina-bu, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka buban-buban milbi-ny: yamba-murni-ngurr kada-y bayan-ka, yala-da mayi baya-ka, yala-da karrkay-buban kararr-ka, yala-da kuku-jangkar, ngunjil nanda-n-da yamba yindu wubul-ku wuna-nya, wungar nyulu murni-ny-muny bada-muny wangkar-ku, kari ngadiku-muny | evening walks road morning-of back-track-INST, old man boys taught: tool-FIRST comes home-DAT, then food fire-DAT, then little.ones blanket-DAT, then story, coals covered-THEN thing other all sleep-SUB, day it folded-of end-from top-DAT, NEG beginning-from


frame: teaching
words_used: ["julbi-ngurr", "kubu"]
loans_used: []
evidence: processing chain TEMP3+SUCC; suppletive mana
status: accepted
confidence: 0.92
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:48:38.991486+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:59:20.332570+00:00
english:
Fish keep no patience, the old woman drove the girls through the order at a run: guts out first of all while they still shine, wash them, then to the smoke or to the coals before the sun stands high, for the catch is a message-stick that goes bad in the reading, and the fast hands eat sweet while the slow hands eat sorrow.

kuku:
Kuyu wawu-karrba-kari, wulbumanangka jalbu-buban warri-bungan murni-jinaburr: julbi-ngurr mana jilu-jilunya jana, julurrika, yalada kubuku yambada ngunjilku wungar wangkar jananyjiku, kuyu maninmuny nyulu kuku-juku nyulu mumbu-mal nyajinya, mara warribu nukal jiba-wulay, mara buban-bubanbu nukal wawu-mumbu.

analysis:
kuyu wawu-karrba-kari, wulbuman-angka jalbu-buban warri-bunga-ny murni-jina-burr: julbi-ngurr mana jilu-jilu-nya jana, julurri-ka, yala-da kubu-ku yambada ngunjil-ku wungar wangkar jana-nyjiku, kuyu mani-ny-muny nyulu kuku-juku nyulu mumbu-ma-l nyaji-nya, mara warri-bu nuka-l jiba-wulay, mara buban-buban-bu nuka-l wawu-mumbu | fish patience-less, old.woman girls run-CAUS work-order-PERL: guts-FIRST take! shine-SUB they, wash!, then smoke-DAT or coals-DAT sun high stand-SUCC, fish caught-of it word-stick it bad-becomes(INCHO) read-SUB, hand fast-ERG eats sweet, hand slow-ERG eats sorrow


frame: teaching
words_used: ["warrur-ngurr"]
loans_used: []
evidence: craft TEMP ladder (049.38 heir); rope-remembers-hurry
status: revised
confidence: 0.92
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:48:38.991486+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
String-making has its own hard line, the old woman reminded the girls at the fire: bark first of all, then into the water, then split, then roll on the thigh, then tie the two into one, and a girl who rolls before she splits makes a rope that remembers her hurry every single time it breaks.

kuku:
Karra-murni nyulu jina dandi nyungu-nyungu-ji, wulbumanangka jalbu-buban milbin bayanga: warrur-ngurr, yalada bananga yijarrika, yalada dumbarrika, yalada murni wabanga, yalada jambul kaja nyubunku, jalbu-buban nyulu murnil dumbarrinka ngadiku, karrabu nyungu warri-warri milka-binalku dumbarrijinya nyubun-nyubunbu.

analysis:
karra-murni nyulu jina dandi nyungu-nyungu-ji, wulbuman-angka jalbu-buban milbi-ny baya-nga: warrur-ngurr, yala-da bana-nga yijarri-ka, yala-da dumbarri-ka, yala-da murni waba-nga, yala-da jambul kaja nyubun-ku, jalbu-buban nyulu murni-l dumbarri-nka ngadiku, karra-bu nyungu warri-warri milka-binalku dumbarri-ji-nya nyubun-nyubun-bu | string-work it track hard own-COMIT, old.woman girls taught fire-LOC: bark-FIRST, then water-LOC put!, then split!, then roll! thigh-LOC, then two tie! one-DAT, girl she rolls split-DAT before, rope-ERG her hurry remembers break-ITR-SUB every-INST


frame: question
words_used: ["murni-jina", "wawu-nyubun-muny"]
loans_used: []
evidence: Socratic order lesson; TEMP4 novel-but-regular 'after one'
status: accepted
confidence: 0.92
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:48:38.991486+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:59:20.332570+00:00
english:
Why does the order matter, if all the work gets done? the clever boy pushed back with words, and the old woman gave him the fish that had stood unwashed all through the cooking of the food, and after one mouthful he said quietly: teach me the order — and the camp laughed for three days.

kuku:
Wanyurrinku murni-jina yalbay, kaki murni wubulku kunbay-manil? buban miyil-ji jurrngan kukubu, wulbumanangka nyulu kuyu dayan julurril-kari janaynmuny mayi wajunya, wawu-nyubun-muny nyulu balkan wunbu: milbi ngaykunka murni-jina, bayan yajarr-man wungar kulurku.

analysis:
wanyurrinku murni-jina yalbay, kaki murni wubul-ku kunba-y-mani-l? buban miyil-ji jurrnga-ny kuku-bu, wulbuman-angka nyulu kuyu daya-ny julurri-l-kari jana-y-ny-muny mayi waju-nya, wawu-nyubun-muny nyulu balka-ny wunbu: milbi ngayku-nka murni-jina, bayan yajarr-ma-ny wungar kulur-ku | why work-order big, if work all finishes? boy eye-COMIT pushed word-INST, old.woman-ERG him fish gave washed-less stood-of food cook-SUB, after-one-TEMP4 he said quiet: teach! me-DAT work-order, camp laughed(INCHO) day three-DAT


frame: teaching
words_used: ["baway", "mana-ngurr"]
loans_used: []
evidence: leaching chain as TEMP ladder (051.30 heir); IMP -ka waju-ka on... (see review note)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.9
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:48:38.991486+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:59:20.332570+00:00
english:
The black bean walks the longest road of any food, the old woman counted it out beside the fire: gather first of all, then crack, then into the water for many days, then grind, then wash in the running water, then cook, and only then eat — many gates, she said, and the impatient walk through one less of them, exactly once.

kuku:
Baway jilbal baral kalbay bajaku mayimuny wubulkumuny, wulbumanangka yinya milbin baya ngundu: mana-ngurr, yalada dumbarrika, yalada bananga yijarrika wungar wubulku, yalada yurrika, yalada julurrika bana warrinya, yalada wajuka, yalada nganga nuka, baral-ngandal wubul, nyulu balkan, bama wawu-karrba-kari jilbal nyubun-kari nganga, nyubunbu nganga.

analysis:
baway jilba-l baral kalbay bajaku mayi-muny wubul-ku-muny, wulbuman-angka yinya milbi-ny baya ngundu: mana-ngurr, yala-da dumbarri-ka, yala-da bana-nga yijarri-ka wungar wubul-ku, yala-da yurri-ka, yala-da julurri-ka bana warri-nya, yala-da waju-ka, yala-da nganga nuka, baral-ngandal wubul, nyulu balka-ny, bama wawu-karrba-kari jilba-l nyubun-kari nganga, nyubun-bu nganga | black.bean walks road long most food-from all-from, old.woman that counted fire close.by: get-FIRST!, then crack!, then water-LOC put! day many-DAT, then grind!, then wash! water run-SUB, then cook!, then only eat!, road-mouth many, she said, impatient walks one-less only, once only


frame: teaching
words_used: ["nyaji-ngurr", "jilbanda"]
loans_used: []
evidence: interrogative battery in a TEMP ladder; TEMP1 jilba-n-da; ngadiku-ngu u-LOC (pre-bank catch)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:48:38.991486+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:59:20.332570+00:00
english:
Tracking runs backwards through time, the old man taught the boys over one print: read first of all how old, then how fast, then how heavy, then which way, and walk only then, when all the words have spoken, for the track is a story already standing on its paper, and the tracker who runs at the first word finishes the story wrong.

kuku:
Jina-wukurril nyulu warrin muku-jinabu wungarburr, mukulungku dingkarangka buban-buban milbin jinanga: nyaji-ngurr wanjarrinya mukul, yalada wanjarrinya warri, yalada wanjarrinya dandi, yalada wanjaburr, jilbanda kuku wubulku balkanya, jina nyulu kuku-jangkar kabanba janaymuny, jina-bama nyulu warril kuku ngadikungu nyulu kuku-jangkar badaku mumbu kunbay-manil.

analysis:
jina-wukurri-l nyulu warri-ny muku-jina-bu wungar-burr, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka buban-buban milbi-ny jina-nga: nyaji-ngurr wanjarrinya mukul, yala-da wanjarrinya warri, yala-da wanjarrinya dandi, yala-da wanjaburr, jilba-n-da kuku wubul-ku balka-nya, jina nyulu kuku-jangkar kaban-ba jana-y-muny, jina-bama nyulu warri-l kuku ngadiku-ngu nyulu kuku-jangkar bada-ku mumbu kunba-y-mani-l | tracking it runs back-track-INST time-PERL, old man boys taught track-LOC: see-FIRST how.old, then how.fast, then how.heavy, then which.way, walk-THEN word all speak-SUB, track it story paper-LOC standing-of, tracker he runs word first-LOC he story end-DAT wrong finishes


frame: teaching
words_used: ["jikan-ngurr", "murni-baja"]
loans_used: []
evidence: fire-by-ear; IMP+-baja 'again'; marral dry
status: revised
confidence: 0.92
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:48:38.991486+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
Fire-building is an order you can hear, the old woman said with her eyes closed: first the dry grass whispers, then the small sticks talk, then the big wood speaks low, and if you hurry the order the fire goes quiet — work it again, little one, and this time let each voice finish.

kuku:
Baya-murni nyulu murni-jina yundu milka-janaymuny, wulbumanangka balkan miyil nandanmuny-ji: jikan-ngurr marral balkal buban, yalada juku buban balkal, yalada juku yalbay balkal bada, kaki yundu murni-jina warri-bungal baya wunbu-mal, murni-baja bubanku, yalada bawa kuku nyubun-nyubun kunbay-manilka.

analysis:
baya-murni nyulu murni-jina yundu milka-jana-y-muny, wulbuman-angka balka-ny miyil nanda-ny-muny-ji: jikan-ngurr marral balka-l buban, yala-da juku buban balka-l, yala-da juku yalbay balka-l bada, kaki yundu murni-jina warri-bunga-l baya wunbu-ma-l, murni-baja buban-ku, yala-da bawa kuku nyubun-nyubun kunba-y-mani-nka | fire-building it order you hear-of, old.woman said eye closed-COMIT: grass-FIRST dry speaks small, then stick small speaks, then wood big speaks low, if you order hurry-CAUS fire quiet-becomes(INCHO), work!-again little.one-DAT, then leave! voice each finish-DAT


frame: teaching
words_used: ["janjanay", "ngubar"]
loans_used: []
evidence: continuative janjana-y; bubu-ma-l INCHO; ngubar 042-confirmed
status: accepted
confidence: 0.92
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:53:36.350914+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:59:20.332570+00:00
english:
The ibis gets its fish just by standing, the old man taught, pointing across the water: it keeps standing and keeps standing until the fish forgets it while it stands, so when you hunt a shy creature, become part of the country, for not-moving is a different kind of speed, and the fast person never learns it.

kuku:
Birmba kuyu manil janay nganga, mukulungku dingkarangka milbin bana ngubarku: nyulu janjanay janjanay, kuyubu nyulu milka-wulal jananya, yalada kaki yundu minya yinil-ji balbil, bubu-mal, warri-kari nyulu warri yindu, bama warringku nyulu kariku binal-mal.

analysis:
birmba kuyu mani-l jana-y nganga, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka milbi-ny bana ngubar-ku: nyulu janjana-y janjana-y, kuyu-bu nyulu milka-wula-l jana-nya, yala-da kaki yundu minya yinil-ji balbi-l, bubu-ma-l, warri-kari nyulu warri yindu, bama warri-ngku nyulu kariku binal-ma-l | ibis fish gets standing only, old man taught water other.side-DAT: it keep.standing keep.standing, fish-ERG it forgets stand-SUB, so if you creature shy-COMIT hunt, country-become!, move-less it speed different, person fast-ERG it never learns(INCHO)


frame: teaching
words_used: ["wunanay"]
loans_used: []
evidence: continuative wunana-y; net-is-body
status: accepted
confidence: 0.92
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:53:36.350914+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:59:20.332570+00:00
english:
Let the sick one keep lying, the old woman held the door of the shelter: sleep is the body's own healer at its work, so the camp walks softly, the tools speak quietly, and the questions wait outside, for you would not push a man while he mends a net, and this net is his own body.

kuku:
Bawa bambay wunanay, wulbumanangka bayan-ngandal karrban: warngku nyulu yukil-bungal-bama bangkarrmuny murninya nyungu, yalada bayan jilbal kimabu, yamba-murni balkal wunbu, kuku-babaji janay ngalkalba, yundu kariku dingkar jurrngal makarr murninya, makarr yinya nyulu bangkarr nyungu-nyungu.

analysis:
bawa bambay wunana-y, wulbuman-angka bayan-ngandal karrba-ny: warngku nyulu yukil-bunga-l-bama bangkarr-muny murni-nya nyungu, yala-da bayan jilba-l kima-bu, yamba-murni balka-l wunbu, kuku-babaji jana-y ngalkal-ba, yundu kariku dingkar jurrnga-l makarr murni-nya, makarr yinya nyulu bangkarr nyungu-nyungu | leave! sick.one keep.lying, old.woman-ERG shelter-mouth held: sleep it healer body-of work-SUB its, so camp walks soft-INST, tools speak quiet, questions stand outside-LOC, you never man push net mend-SUB, net that it body his-own


frame: narrative
words_used: ["wanarriy"]
loans_used: []
evidence: continuative wanarri-y; story-inflation humor
status: accepted
confidence: 0.92
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:53:36.350914+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:59:20.332570+00:00
english:
The message ran ahead of the runner, the old man laughed about the old days: he kept running and kept running from camp to camp, and at every fire the story had already grown a new tail, so at the coast his own news greeted him fatter than he had sent it, for a running story eats at every fire it passes.

kuku:
Kuku warrin ngadiku warri-bamamuny, mukulungku dingkarangka yajarr-man wungar mukulmuny: nyulu wanarri wanarri bayanmuny bayanka, baya nyubun-nyubunba kuku-jangkar yalbay-man baja, jalunba nyulu kuku nyungu-nyungu manin wandul-baja nyulu dayanmuny, kuku warrinya nyulu nukal baya nyubun-nyubunba.

analysis:
kuku warri-ny ngadiku warri-bama-muny, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka yajarr-ma-ny wungar mukul-muny: nyulu wanarri-y wanarri-y bayan-muny bayan-ka, baya nyubun-nyubun-ba kuku-jangkar yalbay-ma-ny baja, jalun-ba nyulu kuku nyungu-nyungu mani-ny wandul-baja nyulu daya-ny-muny, kuku warri-nya nyulu nuka-l baya nyubun-nyubun-ba | message ran ahead runner-from, old man laughed(INCHO) day old-of: he keep.running keep.running camp-from camp-DAT, fire every-LOC story big-became already, coast-LOC he news own met fat-DEG2 he sent-of, story run-SUB it eats fire every-LOC


frame: teaching
words_used: ["mukul-ngurr"]
loans_used: []
evidence: turn-taking; TEMP3
status: accepted
confidence: 0.92
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:53:36.350914+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:59:20.332570+00:00
english:
At the big talks the order is the oldest law, the old man readied the young speaker: the old people speak first of all, then the grown ones, the young last, and nobody speaks twice until every mouth has spoken once, so your words may be small this time, but say them in their right place and they will stand tall.

kuku:
Kuku-yalbayba murni-jina nyulu kuku mukul bajaku, mukulungku dingkarangka warru balkal-bama junkurr-bungan: bama mukul-ngurr balkal, yalada bama-yalbay, warru badaku, bama nyubunbu kariku balkal jambulku ngandal wubulku balkanya nyubunbu, kuku yundumuny buban, yambada balka jana bubungu yukilba, jana janay kalbay.

analysis:
kuku-yalbay-ba murni-jina nyulu kuku mukul bajaku, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka warru balka-l-bama junkurr-bunga-ny: bama mukul-ngurr balka-l, yala-da bama-yalbay, warru bada-ku, bama nyubun-bu kariku balka-l jambul-ku ngandal wubul-ku balka-nya nyubun-bu, kuku yundu-muny buban, yambada balka jana bubu-ngu yukil-ba, jana jana-y kalbay | big.talk-LOC order it law old most, old man young speaker readied: people old-FIRST speak, then grown.people, young last-DAT, person one-ERG never speaks twice mouth all speak-SUB once-INST, words your small, but say! them place-LOC right-LOC, they stand tall


frame: question
words_used: ["maraji-ngurr", "yaru"]
loans_used: []
evidence: child recount; yaru-ngu u-LOC (pre-bank catch)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:53:36.350914+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:59:20.332570+00:00
english:
Tell me your day in its own order, the old woman asked the small girl at dusk, and the child walked it out on her fingers: we woke, we swam first of all, then we dug the roots, then I lay down in the wet ground, then we laughed, then we ate — and the old woman said: that is a whole life, little one, in one day's clothes.

kuku:
Balka ngaykunka wungar yundumuny jinanji nyungu, wulbumanangka jalbu-buban babajin miyil-wujurr-wujurrba, karrkaybu yinya jilba-bungan birribu: ngana wandin, ngana maraji-ngurr, yalada ngana bangkan bakan, yalada ngayu wunan bubu yarungu, yalada ngana yajarr-man, yalada ngana nukan, wulbumanangka balkan: yinya wawu wubulku, bubanku, wungar nyubunmuny kambinga.

analysis:
balka ngayku-nka wungar yundu-muny jina-nji nyungu, wulbuman-angka jalbu-buban babaji-ny miyil-wujurr-wujurr-ba, karrkay-bu yinya jilba-bunga-ny birri-bu: ngana wandi-ny, ngana maraji-ngurr, yala-da ngana bangkan baka-ny, yala-da ngayu wuna-ny bubu yaru-ngu, yala-da ngana yajarr-ma-ny, yala-da ngana nuka-ny, wulbuman-angka balka-ny: yinya wawu wubul-ku, buban-ku, wungar nyubun-muny kambi-nga | tell! me-DAT day your track-COMIT its, old.woman girl asked dusk-LOC, child-ERG that walk-CAUS finger-INST: we woke, we swam-FIRST, then we root dug, then I lay ground wet-LOC, then we laughed(INCHO), then we ate, old.woman said: that life whole, little.one-DAT, day one-of clothes-LOC


frame: teaching
words_used: ["dungay-da"]
loans_used: []
evidence: urgency -da metalinguistic ([A 511])
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:53:36.350914+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:59:20.332570+00:00
english:
When the old man says go with the hard little da on its tail, you go now, the elder brother schooled the younger: dungay is a door left standing open, dungay-da is the door closing, so learn the weight of the small endings, for this language carries its urgency in one sound.

kuku:
Kaki mukulungku dingkarangka balkal 'dungay-da' kuku dandi-ji bubanji badanga, yundu dungay nyiku, yabangka yabaju milbin: 'dungay' nyulu baral-ngandal ngalkal janaymuny, 'dungay-da' nyulu baral-ngandal nandajinya, yalada binal-maka yamba-dandi kuku-badamuny bubanmuny, kukubu junkurr nyungu wundil kuku-buban nyubunba.

analysis:
kaki mukul-ungku dingkar-angka balka-l 'dungay-da' kuku dandi-ji buban-ji bada-nga, yundu dunga-y nyiku, yaba-ngka yabaju milbi-ny: dungay nyulu baral-ngandal ngalkal jana-y-muny, dungay-da nyulu baral-ngandal nanda-ji-nya, yala-da binal-ma-ka yamba-dandi kuku-bada-muny buban-muny, kuku-bu junkurr nyungu wundi-l kuku-buban nyubun-ba | if old man says dungay-da word hard-COMIT little-COMIT end-LOC, you go now, elder.brother-ERG younger.brother taught: dungay it door open standing-of, dungay-da it door close-ITR-SUB, so learn-IMP! weight ending-of little-of, language-ERG urgency its carries sound one-LOC


frame: teaching
words_used: ["karrkay-ngurr", "bana-dakwuy"]
loans_used: []
evidence: queue law; TEMP3 ladder
status: accepted
confidence: 0.92
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:53:36.350914+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:59:20.332570+00:00
english:
Drink in your own turn at the small water, the old man set the thirsty walkers in a line: the children first of all, then the carriers, then the old people, then the hunters, and the dogs after everybody, for thirst is loud but order is older, and the line at the water is the oldest line in the world.

kuku:
Nuka jinanji yundumuny bana bubanba, mukulungku dingkarangka jilba-bama bana-dakwuy-ji yijarrin jinanga: karrkay-ngurr, yalada wundil-bama, yalada bama mukul, yalada balbi-bama, kaya bama wubulkumuny badaku, bana-dakwuy nyulu kuku yalbay yambada murni-jina nyulu mukul-baja, jina-karra banaba nyulu jina-karra mukul bajaku bubungu.

analysis:
nuka jina-nji yundu-muny bana buban-ba, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka jilba-bama bana-dakwuy-ji yijarri-ny jina-nga: karrkay-ngurr, yala-da wundi-l-bama, yala-da bama mukul, yala-da balbi-bama, kaya bama wubul-ku-muny bada-ku, bana-dakwuy nyulu kuku yalbay yambada murni-jina nyulu mukul-baja, jina-karra bana-ba nyulu jina-karra mukul bajaku bubu-ngu | drink! turn-COMIT your water small-LOC, old man walkers thirst-COMIT put line-LOC: children-FIRST, then carriers, then people old, then hunters, dog everybody-after last-DAT, thirst it voice loud but order it old-DEG2, line water-LOC it line old most world-LOC


frame: teaching
words_used: ["wawu-wula-muny", "ngalba"]
loans_used: []
evidence: TEMP4; ngalba name-substitute; kin DATs
status: revised
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:53:36.350914+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
After a death the things walk known roads, the old man explained the quiet order: the tools to the brother, the songs into the sister's keeping, the name goes quiet and the people say ngalba for its season, and the country to all the children together, so that even grief moves along a track, and nobody has to invent a road while crying.

kuku:
Wawu-wula-muny yamba jilbal baral binalmuny, mukulungku dingkarangka murni-jina wunbu milbin: yamba-murni yabanka, wulngku babarranka kujinka, kuku wunbu-mal bama 'ngalba' balkal bana-wungar nyubunku, bubu karrkay-karranka wubulkunka nyubunji, yalada wawu-mumbu baja jilbal jinaburr, bama nyubunbu kari baral murnil badinya.

analysis:
wawu-wula-muny yamba jilba-l baral binal-muny, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka murni-jina wunbu milbi-ny: yamba-murni yaba-nka, wulngku babarr-anka kuji-nka, kuku wunbu-ma-l bama ngalba balka-l bana-wungar nyubun-ku, bubu karrkay-karra-nka wubul-ku-nka nyubun-ji, yala-da wawu-mumbu baja jilba-l jina-burr, bama nyubun-bu kari baral murni-l badi-nya | after-death-TEMP4 things walk road known-of, old man order quiet explained: tools brother-DAT, songs elder.sister-DAT keep-PURP, name quiet-becomes(INCHO) people ngalba say season one-DAT, country children-DAT all-DAT together, so grief too walks track-PERL, person one-ERG NEG road makes cry-SUB


frame: teaching
words_used: ["bada-ngurr"]
loans_used: []
evidence: TEMP3 tail-first pedagogy
status: accepted
confidence: 0.92
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:53:36.350914+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:59:20.332570+00:00
english:
A song is learned tail-first, the old woman surprised the girls: you catch first of all the line that everybody sings, then the verses climb on one by one, and by the time you hold the head of the song, its tail is already family, and that is why nobody forgets a song learned this way.

kuku:
Wulngku binal-mal bada-ngurr, wulbumanangka jalbu-buban milbin: yundu manil ngadiku kuku bama wubulkubu badimuny, yalada wulngku-yamba dakal nyubun-nyubun, yalada yundu dukul wulngkumuny karrbal, bada nyulu jawun ngadiku, yinya wanyurrinku bama kariku milka-wulal wulngku yalabu binalmanmuny.

analysis:
wulngku binal-ma-l bada-ngurr, wulbuman-angka jalbu-buban milbi-ny: yundu mani-l ngadiku kuku bama wubul-ku-bu badi-muny, yala-da wulngku-yamba daka-l nyubun-nyubun, yala-da yundu dukul wulngku-muny karrba-l, bada nyulu jawun ngadiku, yinya wanyurrinku bama kariku milka-wula-l wulngku yala-bu binal-ma-ny-muny | song learned(INCHO) tail-FIRST, old.woman girls taught: you catch first line people all-ERG sing-of, then verse climbs one.by.one, then you head song-of hold, tail it family already, that why person never forgets song this.way-INST learned-of


frame: teaching
words_used: ["dungay-baja", "yungal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: [A 151] echo; yunga-l send
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:53:36.350914+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:59:20.332570+00:00
english:
Go back! is a whole sentence in one breath, the old man taught: dungay-baja sends the dog home, brings the boy out of the deep water, turns a story to its beginning, so treasure the little baja, for it is the word that lets one road be walked twice.

kuku:
'Dungay-baja!' nyulu kuku wubulku wawu nyubunba, mukulungku dingkarangka milbin: 'dungay-baja' kaya yungal bayanka, nyulu buban manil bana dukurrmuny, nyulu kuku-jangkar murnil ngadikuku nyungu, yalada karrba kuku buban 'baja', nyulu kuku baral nyubun jilbanka jambulku dayalmuny.

analysis:
dungay-baja! nyulu kuku wubul-ku wawu nyubun-ba, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka milbi-ny: dungay-baja kaya yunga-l bayan-ka, nyulu buban mani-l bana dukurr-muny, nyulu kuku-jangkar murni-l ngadiku-ku nyungu, yala-da karrba kuku buban baja, nyulu kuku baral nyubun jilba-nka jambul-ku daya-l-muny | go.back! it sentence whole breath one-LOC, old man taught: dungay-baja dog sends home-DAT, it boy takes water deep-from, it story turns beginning-DAT its, so hold! word little baja, it word road one walk-PURP twice giving-of


frame: teaching
words_used: ["nyaji-ngurr", "jambul-jambul"]
loans_used: []
evidence: four-step ladder; TEMP3 + bada-ku last
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:53:36.350914+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:59:20.332570+00:00
english:
Learning has four steps and they are all walked, the old man counted for the impatient boy: watch first of all, then help, then do it with the old hands close by, then do it alone, and last of all teach it, for the knowledge is truly yours only while you are handing it to another.

kuku:
Binal-mal nyulu jina jambul-jambul, wubulku jilbanmuny, mukulungku dingkarangka buban wawu-karrba-karinka milbin: nyaji-ngurr, yalada mara-daji, yalada murni mara mukul ngundu, yalada murni nyubunji, badaku milbi, binal nyulu yundumuny nganga yundu milbinya bamanka yindunka.

analysis:
binal-ma-l nyulu jina jambul-jambul, wubul-ku jilba-ny-muny, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka buban wawu-karrba-kari-nka milbi-ny: nyaji-ngurr, yala-da mara-daji, yala-da murni mara mukul ngundu, yala-da murni nyubun-ji, bada-ku milbi, binal nyulu yundu-muny nganga yundu milbi-nya bama-nka yindu-nka | learning it step four, all walked-of, old man boy impatient-DAT counted: watch-FIRST, then help!, then do! hand old close.by, then do! alone, last-DAT teach!, knowledge it yours only you teach-SUB person-DAT other-DAT


frame: teaching
words_used: ["jakal-ma-nyjiku", "babi-karra"]
loans_used: []
evidence: tide drill; SUCC; kin-plural ERG
status: accepted
confidence: 0.92
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:53:36.350914+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:59:20.332570+00:00
english:
The reef opens and closes on the tide's order, the old woman drilled the children again and again: go out as the water falls, work the low, turn back when the water turns, be home before the channels fill — four words, always the same, and the sea forgives nobody who changes them, so walk this one exactly as the grandmothers walked it.

kuku:
Jalun-bubu ngalkal-mal nandaji yira jinanji, wulbumanangka karrkay-karrkay milbin baja baja: dungay bana daraynya, murni ngajalba, murni baja bana murninya, bayanka bana-baral jakal-manyjiku, kuku jambul-jambul, yabarrka nyubun yala, jalunbu kariku bawal bama kuku yindu-bungalmuny, yalada jilba yinya yala babi-karrangka jilbanmuny.

analysis:
jalun-bubu ngalkal-ma-l nanda-ji-y yira jina-nji, wulbuman-angka karrkay-karrkay milbi-ny baja baja: dunga-y bana daray-nya, murni ngajal-ba, murni baja bana murni-nya, bayan-ka bana-baral jakal-ma-nyjiku, kuku jambul-jambul, yabarrka nyubun yala, jalun-bu kariku bawa-l bama kuku yindu-bunga-l-muny, yala-da jilba yinya yala babi-karra-ngka jilba-ny-muny | reef open-becomes(INCHO) closes(ITR) tide order-COMIT, old.woman children drilled again again: go! water fall-SUB, work! low.tide-LOC, turn! back water turn-SUB, home-DAT channel fill-SUCC, word four, always one same, sea-ERG never forgives person words change-CAUS-of, so walk! that as grandmother-KPL-ERG walked-of


english: I speared a fish first of all, then I got two crabs at the low tide.
kuku: Ngayu kuyu-ngurr daman, yalada ngayu kiju jambul manin ngajalba.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["kuyu-ngurr"]
loans_used: []
evidence: 1sg chain; TEMP3
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:56:13.208349+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:59:20.332570+00:00
analysis:
ngayu kuyu-ngurr dama-ny, yala-da ngayu kiju jambul mani-ny ngajal-ba | I fish-FIRST speared, then I crab two got low.tide-LOC


english: We came back after the rain, and the path had already become water.
kuku: Ngana kadan baja wawu-kaba-muny, baral bana-man ngadiku.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["wawu-kaba-muny"]
loans_used: []
evidence: TEMP4 short; 1pl
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:56:13.208349+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:59:20.332570+00:00
analysis:
ngana kada-ny baja wawu-kaba-muny, baral bana-ma-ny ngadiku | we came back after-rain-TEMP4, path water-became(INCHO) already


english: Go now! The water is rising and the crossing closes fast.
kuku: Dungay-da! Bana wangkar kaday, bana-baral nandaji warri.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["dungay-da"]
loans_used: []
evidence: urgency -da; 2sg command
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:56:13.208349+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:59:20.332570+00:00
analysis:
dunga-y-da! bana wangkar kada-y, bana-baral nanda-ji-y warri | go-NOW(TEMP1)! water up comes, crossing closes(ITR) fast


english: She lit the fire, put the water on, and then sat down to wait for us.
kuku: Nyulu baya wajun, bana yijarrin bayanga, bundanda ngananka janayka.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["bundanda"]
loans_used: []
evidence: 3sg chain; TEMP1 close
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:56:13.208349+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:59:20.332570+00:00
analysis:
nyulu baya waju-ny, bana yijarri-ny baya-nga, bunda-n-da ngana-nka jana-y-ka | she fire lit, water put fire-LOC, sat-THEN(TEMP1) us-DAT wait-DAT


english: Did you two eat before the walk, or after it?
kuku: Yubal nukan jilba ngadiku, yambada wawu-jilba-muny?
frame: question
words_used: ["yubal", "wawu-jilba-muny"]
loans_used: []
evidence: 2du question; before/after
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:56:13.208349+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:59:20.332570+00:00
analysis:
yubal nuka-ny jilba ngadiku, yambada wawu-jilba-muny? | you.two ate walk before, or after-walk-TEMP4?


english: First the lightning, then the thunder, then the rain — the storm keeps its own order every time.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["balbay-ngurr", "jabulbina"]
loans_used: []
evidence: weather order; TEMP3 on nature
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:56:13.208349+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:59:20.332570+00:00
kuku:
Balbay-ngurr, yalada jabulbina, yalada kaba, jarramalibu murni-jina nyungu-nyungu karrbal nyubun-nyubunbu.

analysis:
balbay-ngurr, yala-da jabulbina, yala-da kaba, jarramali-bu murni-jina nyungu-nyungu karrba-l nyubun-nyubun-bu | lightning-FIRST, then thunder, then rain, storm-ERG order its-own holds every-INST


english: He kept coming to the fire every night until the story was finished.
kuku: Nyulu kankaday bayaka wujurr nyubun-nyubunba kuku-jangkar kunbay-maninyjiku.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["kankaday"]
loans_used: []
evidence: continuative + SUCC compact
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:56:13.208349+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:59:20.332570+00:00
analysis:
nyulu kankada-y baya-ka wujurr nyubun-nyubun-ba kuku-jangkar kunba-y-mani-nyjiku | he keep.coming fire-DAT night every-LOC story finish-SUCC


english: After the burying we sat quietly for a long time, and nobody wanted to speak first.
kuku: Wawu-wula-muny ngana bundan wunbu kalbay, bama nyubunbu kari wawu-manin balkanka ngadiku-ngurr.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["wawu-wula-muny"]
loans_used: []
evidence: TEMP4+TEMP3; plain grief register
status: accepted
confidence: 0.92
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:56:13.208349+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:59:20.332570+00:00
analysis:
wawu-wula-muny ngana bunda-ny wunbu kalbay, bama nyubun-bu kari wawu-mani-ny balka-nka ngadiku-ngurr | after-death-TEMP4 we sat quiet long, person one-ERG NEG wanted speak-PURP first-TEMP3


english: You go ahead first with the firestick, I will follow behind with the children.
kuku: Yundu dungay ngadiku-ngurr baya-juku-ji, ngayu wukurril badaku karrkay-karrkayanji.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["baya-juku"]
loans_used: []
evidence: 2sg/1sg split; potent COMIT
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:56:13.208349+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:59:20.332570+00:00
analysis:
yundu dunga-y ngadiku-ngurr baya-juku-ji, ngayu wukurri-l bada-ku karrkay-karrkay-anji | you go first-TEMP3 firestick-COMIT, I follow behind-DAT children-COMIT


english: The old dog ate first, then slept by the coals all day — he has earned his place in the order.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["wunanda"]
loans_used: []
evidence: TEMP3+TEMP1; humor
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:56:13.208349+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:59:20.332570+00:00
kuku:
Kaya mukul nukan ngadiku-ngurr, wunanda ngunjil ngundu wungar wubulku, nyulu murni-jina nyungu maninmuny.

analysis:
kaya mukul nuka-ny ngadiku-ngurr, wuna-n-da ngunjil ngundu wungar wubul-ku, nyulu murni-jina nyungu mani-ny-muny | dog old ate first-TEMP3, slept-THEN(TEMP1) coals close.by day whole-DAT, he order his earned-of


english: Which do we do first, the nets or the firewood? — The nets, the rain is close.
kuku: Wanjaku ngana murnil ngadiku-ngurr, makarr yambada baya-juku? Makarr, kaba ngundu.
frame: question
words_used: ["wanjaku"]
loans_used: []
evidence: dialogue Q+A; clipped answer
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:56:13.208349+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:59:20.332570+00:00
analysis:
wanjaku ngana murni-l ngadiku-ngurr, makarr yambada baya-juku? makarr, kaba ngundu | which we do first-TEMP3, net or firewood? net, rain close.by


english: I will teach you the song after the food, not before it.
kuku: Ngayu yununy wulngku milbil wawu-mayi-muny, kari mayi ngadiku.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["wawu-mayi-muny", "yununy"]
loans_used: []
evidence: TEMP4 vs ngadiku contrast
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:56:13.208349+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:59:20.332570+00:00
analysis:
ngayu yununy wulngku milbi-l wawu-mayi-muny, kari mayi ngadiku | I you song teach after-food-TEMP4, NEG food before


english: They kept standing at the crossing until the flood water went down.
kuku: Jana janjanay bana-baralba jalungkarr bada dunganyjiku.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["janjanay", "jalungkarr"]
loans_used: []
evidence: continuative + SUCC
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:56:13.208349+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:59:20.332570+00:00
analysis:
jana janjana-y bana-baral-ba jalungkarr bada dunga-nyjiku | they keep.standing crossing-LOC flood down go-SUCC


english: First look, then place the foot — the reef teaches that to every foot that walks it.
kuku: Nyaji-ngurr, yalada jina bunga, jalun-bububu yinya milbil jina nyubun-nyubunka jilbanya.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["nyaji-ngurr"]
loans_used: []
evidence: TEMP3 pair; reef law compact (050.33 heir)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:56:13.208349+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:59:20.332570+00:00
analysis:
nyaji-ngurr, yala-da jina bunga, jalun-bubu-bu yinya milbi-l jina nyubun-nyubun-ka jilba-nya | look-FIRST, then foot place!, reef-ERG that teaches foot every-DAT walk-SUB


english: We talked until the fire went small, and then we slept.
kuku: Ngana balkan baya buban-manyjiku, wunanda.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["buban-ma-nyjiku", "wunanda"]
loans_used: []
evidence: SUCC + TEMP1 in seven words
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:56:13.208349+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:59:20.332570+00:00
analysis:
ngana balka-ny baya buban-ma-nyjiku, wuna-n-da | we talked fire small-become-SUCC, slept-THEN(TEMP1)


english: After the cyclone we mended the shelters first of all, and the nets after them.
kuku: Wawu-wadjal-muny ngana bayan-ngurr murnin, makarr badaku.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["wawu-wadjal-muny", "bayan-ngurr"]
loans_used: []
evidence: TEMP4 + TEMP3 compact
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:56:13.208349+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:59:20.332570+00:00
analysis:
wawu-wadjal-muny ngana bayan-ngurr murni-ny, makarr bada-ku | after-cyclone-TEMP4 we shelter-FIRST mended, net after-DAT


english: Wait! Let the old people drink first.
kuku: Janay! Bawa bama mukul nukanka ngadiku-ngurr.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["ngadiku-ngurr"]
loans_used: []
evidence: hortative; queue law compact (052.20 heir)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:56:13.208349+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:59:20.332570+00:00
analysis:
jana-y! bawa bama mukul nuka-nka ngadiku-ngurr | stand(wait)! leave! people old drink-PURP first-TEMP3


english: She sang the song through twice, then the girls sang it too, and then they sang it alone.
kuku: Nyulu wulngku badin jambulku, yalada jalbu-buban badin baja, yalada nyubunji jana badin.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["badi"]
loans_used: []
evidence: song-transmission chain; yala-da ladder
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:56:13.208349+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:59:20.332570+00:00
analysis:
nyulu wulngku badi-ny jambul-ku, yala-da jalbu-buban badi-ny baja, yala-da nyubun-ji jana badi-ny | she song sang twice, then girls sang too, then alone they sang


frame: everyday
words_used: ["kuyu-ngurr", "muku-jina"]
loans_used: []
evidence: two-households contrast; order tolerance
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:56:13.208349+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:59:20.332570+00:00
english:
My mother always cooked the fish first and the roots after; the other mother did it the other way around — and both families ate well.

kuku:
Ngamungku ngayku kuyu-ngurr wajun yabarrka, bangkan badaku, ngamungku yindubu murnin muku-jinabu, jawun-karra jambul nukan yukil.

analysis:
ngamu-ngku ngayku kuyu-ngurr waju-ny yabarrka, bangkan bada-ku, ngamu-ngku yindu-bu murni-ny muku-jina-bu, jawun-karra jambul nuka-ny yukil | mother-ERG my fish-FIRST cooked always, root after-DAT, mother-ERG other-ERG did back-track-INST, family two ate well


english: Keep going, keep going — the camp is close now, one more crossing and then rest.
kuku: Wanarri, wanarri, bayan ngundu nyiku, bana-baral nyubun baja, yalada kalka.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["wanarriy"]
loans_used: []
evidence: continuative encouragement; trail register
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:56:13.208349+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:59:20.332570+00:00
analysis:
wanarri-y, wanarri-y, bayan ngundu nyiku, bana-baral nyubun baja, yala-da kalka | keep.running, keep.running, camp close.by now, crossing one more, then rest!


frame: question
words_used: ["ngadiku-ngurr", "yirrka-y"]
loans_used: []
evidence: protocol order Q+A; technical framing
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:56:13.208349+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:59:20.332570+00:00
english:
What do we say first when we come to another people's country? — We stand at the edge, we call out, and we stand to hear their word.

kuku:
Wanyu ngana balkal ngadiku-ngurr kaki ngana kaday bubuku bama yindumuny? Ngana janay ngundu, yirrkay, ngana janay kuku janamuny milka-jananka.

analysis:
wanyu ngana balka-l ngadiku-ngurr kaki ngana kada-y bubu-ku bama yindu-muny? ngana jana-y ngundu, yirrka-y, ngana jana-y kuku jana-muny milka-jana-nka | what we say first-TEMP3 if we come country-DAT people other-of? we stand close.by, call.out, we stand word their-of hear-PURP


english: Work first, story after — that one little order built every camp on this river.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["murni-ngurr"]
loans_used: []
evidence: capstone in twelve words; TEMP3 epigram
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T04:56:13.208349+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T04:59:20.332570+00:00
kuku:
Murni-ngurr, kuku-jangkar badaku, murni-jinabu buban yinyabu bayan nyubun-nyubun bungan wawubajanga.

analysis:
murni-ngurr, kuku-jangkar bada-ku, murni-jina-bu buban yinya-bu bayan nyubun-nyubun bunga-ny wawubaja-nga | work-FIRST, story after-DAT, order-ERG little that-ERG camp every built river-LOC


english: Chew it well, little one, then swallow — the meat is tough today.
kuku: Maja yukil, bubanku, yalada yurmbi, minya dandi nyiku.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["majal", "yurmbil"]
loans_used: []
evidence: majal chew + yurmbil swallow FIRST USES; zero IMPs
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:03:46.137015+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:11:08.300808+00:00
analysis:
maja yukil, buban-ku, yala-da yurmbi, minya dandi nyiku | chew! well, little.one-DAT, then swallow!, meat hard today


english: Share the honey out evenly, and give the first taste to grandmother.
kuku: Wunba wambajika yukilbu, nganja-ngurr babinda daya.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["wambaji", "nganja-ngurr"]
loans_used: []
evidence: wambaji share-out + nganja taste FIRST USES; TEMP3; recipient LOC
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:03:46.137015+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:11:08.300808+00:00
analysis:
wunba wambaji-ka yukil-bu, nganja-ngurr babi-nda daya | honey share.out! even-INST, taste-FIRST grandmother-LOC give!


frame: teaching
words_used: ["juwal", "kawu", "bambayal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: yam taxonomy — three attested species names; juwal vindicated (2125 use was real)
status: revised
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:03:46.137015+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The old woman said the yams have many names because they have many natures: juwal is the long one, kawu the round one, bambayal the deep one that waits for the digging, and the one who knows the names digs no empty holes.

kuku:
Wulbumanangka balkan juwal-jina kuku-ji wubul-ji, jana yamba-ji wubul-ji: juwal nyulu kalbay, kawu nyulu murru, bambayal nyulu dukurr nyulu janay bakanka, bama nyulu kuku binal nyulu kariku bubu nganga bakal.

analysis:
wulbuman-angka balka-ny juwal-jina kuku-ji wubul-ji, jana yamba-ji wubul-ji: juwal nyulu kalbay, kawu nyulu murru, bambayal nyulu dukurr nyulu jana-y baka-nka, bama nyulu kuku binal nyulu kariku bubu nganga baka-l | old.woman said yam-kind name-COMIT many-COMIT, they nature-COMIT many-COMIT: juwal it long, kawu it round, bambayal it deep it waits dig-DAT, person he name knows he never ground empty digs


english: Don't eat the poison nut before the washing — it must first sleep in the running water.
kuku: Kari nuka jinjay julurril ngadiku, nyulu wuna-ngurr bananga warrinya.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["jinjay", "wuna-ngurr"]
loans_used: []
evidence: jinjay poison-nut FIRST USE; TEMP3 on the soak; detox law compact
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:03:46.137015+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:11:08.300808+00:00
analysis:
kari nuka jinjay julurri-l ngadiku, nyulu wuna-ngurr bana-nga warri-nya | NEG eat! poison.nut washing before, it sleep-FIRST water-LOC run-SUB


frame: teaching
words_used: ["durrbal", "jumbun", "waral-dandi"]
loans_used: []
evidence: greed lexicon x3 FIRST USES; waral-dandi vindicates the waral element in one attested compound
status: accepted
confidence: 0.92
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:03:46.137015+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:11:08.300808+00:00
english:
Greedy has three words and not one of them is hungry, the old man taught: durrbal the grabber, jumbun the never-full, waral-dandi the hard-stomach who eats alone — hunger is honest work, but greed is hunger that lost its manners.

kuku:
Bama durrbal, bama jumbun, bama waral-dandi, kuku kulur jana, dakwuy kari nyubun janamuny, mukulungku dingkarangka milbin: dakwuy nyulu murni yukil, yambada jumbun nyulu dakwuy murni-yukil bada-maninmuny.

analysis:
bama durrbal, bama jumbun, bama waral-dandi, kuku kulur jana, dakwuy kari nyubun jana-muny, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka milbi-ny: dakwuy nyulu murni yukil, yambada jumbun nyulu dakwuy murni-yukil bada-mani-ny-muny | person grabber, person greedy, person stomach-hard, word three they, hungry NEG one they-of, old man taught: hunger it work honest, but greed it hunger manners lost-of


english: The children ate until they were satisfied, and then fell asleep by the fire.
kuku: Karrkay-karrkay nukan wawu-daray, wunanda baya ngundu.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["wawu-daray"]
loans_used: []
evidence: wawu-daray satisfied FIRST USE; TEMP1 close
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:03:46.137015+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:11:08.300808+00:00
analysis:
karrkay-karrkay nuka-ny wawu-daray, wuna-n-da baya ngundu | children ate satisfied(INTR), slept-THEN(TEMP1) fire close.by


frame: narrative
words_used: ["mandi-mandi", "jiba-wulay", "nganja"]
loans_used: []
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:03:46.137015+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:11:08.300808+00:00
english:
The two brothers found a big honeycomb, ate the sweet until their faces shone, and carried the rest home to the camp — and their mother said: the best taste is the taste of a shared thing.

kuku:
Yabaju jambul mandi-mandi yalbay manin, jiba-wulay nukan walu jilu-jilu-manya, bawanmuny wundin bayanka bamanka, ngamungku jana balkan: nganja yukil bajaku nyulu nganja yamba wambajinmuny.

analysis:
yabaju jambul mandi-mandi yalbay mani-ny, jiba-wulay nuka-ny walu jilu-jilu-ma-nya, bawa-ny-muny wundi-ny bayan-ka bama-nka, ngamu-ngku jana balka-ny: nganja yukil bajaku nyulu nganja yamba wambaji-ny-muny | brother two honeycomb big found, sweet ate face shiny-become-SUB, left-of carried camp-DAT people-DAT, mother-ERG them said: taste good most it taste thing shared-of

evidence:
mandi-mandi honeycomb FIRST USE; jiba-wulay VINDICATED (attested headword, ex-watchlist); nganja vindicated


english: What does it taste like? — Sweet first of all, then a little bitter at the end.
kuku: Nganja nyungu wanjarr? Jiba-wulay ngadiku-ngurr, yalada ngambuy buban badanga.
frame: question
words_used: ["nganja", "wanjarr", "ngambuy"]
loans_used: []
evidence: taste Q+A; wanjarr how r.32
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:03:46.137015+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:11:08.300808+00:00
analysis:
nganja nyungu wanjarr? jiba-wulay ngadiku-ngurr, yala-da ngambuy buban bada-nga | taste its how? sweet first-TEMP3, then strong.taste little end-LOC


frame: teaching
words_used: ["bangkamu", "dindal", "warrur-ngurr"]
loans_used: []
evidence: bangkamu sweet potato FIRST USE; dindal roast IMP dinda; TEMP3 joke
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:03:46.137015+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:11:08.300808+00:00
english:
Cook the sweet potato in the coals with its skin still on, the old woman showed the girls: the bark is its cooking bag, and the one who peels it first throws the pot away.

kuku:
Bangkamu dinda ngunjilba warrur-ji nyungu, wulbumanangka jalbu-buban milbin: warrur nyulu balji nyungu wajunka, bama nyulu warrur-ngurr manil nyulu balji yilbal kala-kalbay.

analysis:
bangkamu dinda ngunjil-ba warrur-ji nyungu, wulbuman-angka jalbu-buban milbi-ny: warrur nyulu balji nyungu waju-nka, bama nyulu warrur-ngurr mani-l nyulu balji yilba-l kala-kalbay | sweet.potato roast! coals-LOC bark-COMIT its, old.woman girls showed: bark it bag its cook-PURP, person he bark-FIRST takes he bag throws far.away


english: Give the meat juice to the roots — throw nothing away, the fat is the best part.
kuku: Wuynkurr daya bangkanba, kari yamba yilba, wandul nyulu yukil bajaku.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["wuynkurr", "wandul"]
loans_used: []
evidence: wuynkurr meat-juice vindicated (2125 use was real); waste-nothing law
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:03:46.137015+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:11:08.300808+00:00
analysis:
wuynkurr daya bangkan-ba, kari yamba yilba, wandul nyulu yukil bajaku | meat.juice give! roots-LOC, NEG thing throw!, fat it good most


english: Why do we cook the cheeky yam so long? — Because only the fire can soften it kind.
kuku: Wanyurrinku ngana ngakun janbay-janbay wajul kalbayku? Bayabu nganga nyulu kima-bungal.
frame: question
words_used: ["ngakun", "janbay-janbay"]
loans_used: []
evidence: ngakun yam + janbay-janbay cheeky FIRST USES; kima-bunga CAUS
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:03:46.137015+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:11:08.300808+00:00
analysis:
wanyurrinku ngana ngakun janbay-janbay waju-l kalbay-ku? baya-bu nganga nyulu kima-bunga-l | why we yam cheeky cook long-DAT? fire-ERG only it soft-CAUS


english: Bring firewood before you sit down to eat — that is the family's oldest exchange.
kuku: Baya-juku mana bundanka nukanka ngadiku, yinya daji-way mukul bajaku jawun-karramuny.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["daji-way"]
loans_used: []
evidence: work-for-meal; daji-way exchange (established)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:06:41.848838+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:11:08.300808+00:00
analysis:
baya-juku mana bunda-nka nuka-nka ngadiku, yinya daji-way mukul bajaku jawun-karra-muny | firewood get! sit-PURP eat-PURP before, that exchange old most family-of


english: This one is ripe, that one wants two more days on the branch.
kuku: Yanya kulbul, yinya wungar jambul baja wawu-manil dakilba.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["yanya", "kulbul", "dakil"]
loans_used: []
evidence: yanya 'this' FIRST USE (grammar 2636); kulbul ripe true sense
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:06:41.848838+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:11:08.300808+00:00
analysis:
yanya kulbul, yinya wungar jambul baja wawu-ma-ni-l dakil-ba | this ripe, that day two more wants branch-LOC


frame: teaching
words_used: ["ngarrbal-ngurr", "kabu-mal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: hospitality law; TEMP3; kabu-ma-l 'rot' INCHO
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:06:41.848838+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:11:08.300808+00:00
english:
Feed the stranger first even in the lean time, the old woman held the line: the food you give walks out and comes back doubled, the hidden food rots in its bag, and no camp ever went hungry from a shared yam.

kuku:
Ngarrbal-ngurr mayi-daya wungar dakwuyba baja, wulbumanangka kuku dandi karrban: mayi yundu dayalmuny nyulu dungay kaday baja jambul-mal, mayi ngakijinmuny nyulu kabu-mal baljinga, bayan nyubunbu kariku dakwuy-man juwalmuny wambajinmuny.

analysis:
ngarrbal-ngurr mayi-daya wungar dakwuy-ba baja, wulbuman-angka kuku dandi karrba-ny: mayi yundu daya-l-muny nyulu dunga-y kada-y baja jambul-ma-l, mayi ngakiji-ny-muny nyulu kabu-ma-l balji-nga, bayan nyubun-bu kariku dakwuy-ma-ny juwal-muny wambaji-ny-muny | stranger-FIRST feed! time hungry-LOC even, old.woman word hard held: food you give-of it goes comes back double-becomes(INCHO), food hidden-of it rotten-becomes bag-LOC, camp one-ERG never hungry-became yam-from shared-of


frame: narrative
words_used: ["ngambuy", "walu"]
loans_used: []
evidence: first-bitterness rite; storm-face simile
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:06:41.848838+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:11:08.300808+00:00
english:
The baby ate a little of the bitter leaf and made a face like a storm coming, and everybody laughed, and grandmother said: good — that face means the mouth is learning its first law: not every leaf is food.

kuku:
Ngawabu birra ngambuy nukan buban, walu murnin yala jarramali kadanya, bama wubulku yajarr-man, babingka balkan: yukil, walu yinya balkal ngandal binal-mal kuku ngadiku nyungu: kari birra wubulku mayi.

analysis:
ngawa-bu birra ngambuy nuka-ny buban, walu murni-ny yala jarramali kada-nya, bama wubul-ku yajarr-ma-ny, babi-ngka balka-ny: yukil, walu yinya balka-l ngandal binal-ma-l kuku ngadiku nyungu: kari birra wubul-ku mayi | baby-ERG leaf bitter ate little, face turned like storm come-SUB, people all laughed(INCHO), grandmother-ERG said: good, face that says mouth learns(INCHO) law first its: NEG leaf every food


english: Who ate all the honeycomb? — The quiet one with the shining chin.
kuku: Wanyabu mandi-mandi wubulku nukan? Bama wunbu bari jilu-jilu-ji.
frame: question
words_used: ["wanya", "bari", "jilu-jilu"]
loans_used: []
evidence: whodunnit humor; wanya-bu who-ERG r.32; bari chin
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:06:41.848838+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:11:08.300808+00:00
analysis:
wanya-bu mandi-mandi wubul-ku nuka-ny? bama wunbu bari jilu-jilu-ji | who-ERG honeycomb all ate? person quiet chin shiny-COMIT


frame: teaching
words_used: ["dakwuy", "nganja"]
loans_used: []
evidence: hunger-as-cook; nganja vindicated in idiom
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:06:41.848838+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:11:08.300808+00:00
english:
Hunger is the best cook, the old man laughed when the boys praised the plain roots: walk all day and the burnt crust is a feast, sit all day and even honey is only sweet — so season your food with work.

kuku:
Dakwuy nyulu waju-bama yukil bajaku, mukulungku dingkarangka yajarr-man, buban-bubanbu bangkan nganga yulmbarrinya: jilba wungar wubulku, mayi wajunmuny bajaku nyulu nganja yukil, bunda wungar wubulku, wunba baja nyulu jiba-wulay nganga, yalada nganja mayika daya murnibu.

analysis:
dakwuy nyulu waju-bama yukil bajaku, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka yajarr-ma-ny, buban-buban-bu bangkan nganga yulmbarri-nya: jilba wungar wubul-ku, mayi waju-ny-muny bajaku nyulu nganja yukil, bunda wungar wubul-ku, wunba baja nyulu jiba-wulay nganga, yala-da nganja mayi-ka daya murni-bu | hunger it cook good most, old man laughed(INCHO), boys-ERG root plain praise-SUB: walk! day whole, food burnt-of very it taste good, sit! day whole, honey even it sweet only, so taste food-DAT give! work-INST


frame: narrative
words_used: ["marral", "juwal", "nganja"]
loans_used: []
evidence: scarcity-and-return; INST pair 'on yams and patience'
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:06:41.848838+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:11:08.300808+00:00
english:
In one dry season the fish went far away and the camp lived on yams and patience, and when the rains turned the river over, the first catch tasted like a story with a good ending.

kuku:
Marralba nyubunba kuyu dungan kala-kalbay, bayan juran juwalbu wawu-karrbabu, kaki kababu wawubaja murnin baja, kuyu ngadiku-maninmuny nganja nyungu yala kuku-jangkar bada yukil-ji.

analysis:
marral-ba nyubun-ba kuyu dunga-ny kala-kalbay, bayan juran juwal-bu wawu-karrba-bu, kaki kaba-bu wawubaja murni-ny baja, kuyu ngadiku-mani-ny-muny nganja nyungu yala kuku-jangkar bada yukil-ji | dry-LOC one-LOC fish went far.away, camp alive yam-INST patience-INST, when rain-ERG river turned back, fish first-caught-of taste its like story end good-COMIT


frame: question
words_used: ["kima", "dirra"]
loans_used: []
evidence: elder-portion law; kima post-sweep in service
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:06:41.848838+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:11:08.300808+00:00
english:
Which part goes to the old people? — The soft inside parts, always; their teeth have grown old from much work.

kuku:
Wanjaku yamba bama mukulanka? Yamba kima dukurrmuny, yabarrka, dirra jana mukul-man murnimuny wubulkumuny.

analysis:
wanjaku yamba bama mukul-anka? yamba kima dukurr-muny, yabarrka, dirra jana mukul-ma-ny murni-muny wubul-ku-muny | which part people old-DAT? part soft inside-of, always, tooth their old-became(INCHO) work-from much-from


english: Wash the yams in the creek, then line them up on the leaves — the big ones to the coals first.
kuku: Juwal julurrika wawubajanga, yalada yijarrika birranga, yalbay-ngurr ngunjilku.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["yalbay-ngurr"]
loans_used: []
evidence: compact IMP chain with TEMP3 close
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:06:41.848838+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:11:08.300808+00:00
analysis:
juwal julurri-ka wawubaja-nga, yala-da yijarri-ka birra-nga, yalbay-ngurr ngunjil-ku | yam wash! creek-LOC, then put! leaf-LOC, big-FIRST coals-DAT


frame: teaching
words_used: ["jani-kari", "bubu-baya"]
loans_used: []
evidence: cooking-methods trio; TEMP3 on the asking
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:06:41.848838+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:11:08.300808+00:00
english:
There are three roads from raw to cooked, the old man laid them out: the open flame for speed, the coals for patience, the ground-fire for a whole camp — and the wise cook asks first how many mouths, and then chooses the road.

kuku:
Baral kulur janay jani-karimuny janiku, mukulungku dingkarangka jana milbin: baya ngalkal warrinka, ngunjil wawu-karrbanka, bubu-baya bayan wubulkunka, waju-bama binal nyulu babaji-ngurr wanjarrinya ngandal, yalada baral manil.

analysis:
baral kulur jana-y jani-kari-muny jani-ku, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka jana milbi-ny: baya ngalkal warri-nka, ngunjil wawu-karrba-nka, bubu-baya bayan wubul-ku-nka, waju-bama binal nyulu babaji-ngurr wanjarrinya ngandal, yala-da baral mani-l | road three stand raw-from cooked-DAT, old man them showed: fire open speed-PURP, coals patience-PURP, ground-fire camp whole-DAT, cook wise he ask-FIRST how.many mouth, then road takes


english: Hold your sister's food-share — she is still at the water.
kuku: Mayi-daji jinkurrmuny karrba, nyulu bananga yabarrka.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["mayi-daji"]
loans_used: []
evidence: portion-keeping; mayi-daji transparent of attested
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:06:41.848838+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:11:08.300808+00:00
analysis:
mayi-daji jinkurr-muny karrba, nyulu bana-nga yabarrka | food-share sister-of hold!, she water-LOC still


english: This fish is full of bones — give the child the belly part.
kuku: Kuyu yanya bajibay-ji wubul-ji, karrkayanda jibar-daji daya.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["yanya", "bajibay"]
loans_used: []
evidence: recipient potent LOC karrkay-anda; safety portioning
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:06:41.848838+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:11:08.300808+00:00
analysis:
kuyu yanya bajibay-ji wubul-ji, karrkay-anda jibar-daji daya | fish this bone-COMIT many-COMIT, child-LOC belly-share give!


frame: teaching
words_used: ["julurri-ka-rr", "wawu-mayi-muny", "nandanda"]
loans_used: []
evidence: the full TEMP kit inside one mealtime row (052 recap)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:06:41.848838+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:11:08.300808+00:00
english:
A meal has an order like a song, the old woman walked the girls through it: wash first of all, the elders served, the children fed, the workers filled, the stories after the food, the coals covered last — and a camp that eats in order sleeps in peace.

kuku:
Mayi-nuka nyulu jina-ji yala wulngku, wulbumanangka jalbu-buban yinya jilba-bungan: julurri-ka-rr, bama mukul-ngurr, karrkay badaku mayi-dayan, murni-bama jakal-bungan, kuku-jangkar wawu-mayi-muny, ngunjil nandanda badaku, bayan nyulu nukal jinanji nyulu wunay kaka-kari.

analysis:
mayi-nuka nyulu jina-ji yala wulngku, wulbuman-angka jalbu-buban yinya jilba-bunga-ny: julurri-ka-rr, bama mukul-ngurr, karrkay bada-ku mayi-daya-ny, murni-bama jakal-bunga-ny, kuku-jangkar wawu-mayi-muny, ngunjil nanda-n-da bada-ku, bayan nyulu nuka-l jina-nji nyulu wuna-y kaka-kari | meal it order-COMIT like song, old.woman girls that walk-CAUS: wash-FIRST-rr, people old-FIRST, children then fed, workers filled-CAUS, story after-food-TEMP4, coals covered-THEN last-DAT, camp it eats order-COMIT it sleeps pain-less


kuku: Mayi jakal bamanka wubulkunka? Jakal, kaki mara manilmuny yukil yala mara dayanmuny.
frame: question
words_used: ["jakal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: sufficiency Q+A; jakal full/enough
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:06:41.848838+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:11:08.300808+00:00
english:
Is there enough for everybody? — There is, if the hands that take are as honest as the hands that gave.

analysis:
mayi jakal bama-nka wubul-ku-nka? jakal, kaki mara mani-l-muny yukil yala mara daya-ny-muny | food enough people-DAT all-DAT? enough, if hand taking-of honest like hand gave-of


english: The honey has gone all over his body! Wash the little one in the creek before it dries hard.
kuku: Wunba dungan bangkarrburr! Buban julurrika wawubajanga, wunba marral-manyjiku.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["marral-ma-nyjiku"]
loans_used: []
evidence: PERL over the body + SUCC deadline; domestic comedy
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:06:41.848838+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:11:08.300808+00:00
analysis:
wunba dunga-ny bangkarr-burr! buban julurri-ka wawubaja-nga, wunba marral-ma-nyjiku | honey went body-PERL! little.one wash! creek-LOC, honey dry-become-SUCC


frame: narrative
words_used: ["kami"]
loans_used: []
evidence: scarcity shielded by play
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:09:32.398364+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:11:08.300808+00:00
english:
Grandfather told about the hungry year: they moved camp seven times following the food, and the children never knew it was a hungry year, because the old people turned the searching itself into a laughing thing — and that is what grown-ups are for.

kuku:
Kamingka balkan wungar dakwuymuny: jana bayan wundin wubulkubu mayi wukurrinya, karrkay-karrkay kariku binalman wungar dakwuy yinya, bama mukulungku balbil nyulu-nyulu murnin yajarr-yambaku, yinya murni bama-yalbaymuny.

analysis:
kami-ngka balka-ny wungar dakwuy-muny: jana bayan wundi-ny wubul-ku-bu mayi wukurri-nya, karrkay-karrkay kariku binal-ma-ny wungar dakwuy yinya, bama mukul-ungku balbi-l nyulu-nyulu murni-ny yajarr-yamba-ku, yinya murni bama-yalbay-muny | grandfather-ERG told year hungry-of: they camp carried many-INST food follow-SUB, children never knew year hungry that, people old-ERG searching itself made laughing-thing-DAT, that work grown.ups-of


frame: teaching
words_used: ["nganja-ngurr"]
loans_used: []
evidence: three-thanks order; TEMP3
status: accepted
confidence: 0.92
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:09:32.398364+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:11:08.300808+00:00
english:
The first taste is for the finder, the second for the carrier, the third for the fire-keeper, the old woman kept the small honoring alive: three little thanks before the meal, so that no work walks invisible.

kuku:
Nganja-ngurr bama maninmunyka, nganja jambulku bama wundinmunyka, nganja kulurku baya-kuji-bamanka, wulbumanangka murni buban yinya juran karrban: yulmbarril buban kulur mayi ngadiku, murni nyubunbu kariku jilbal nyajil-kari.

analysis:
nganja-ngurr bama mani-ny-muny-ka, nganja jambul-ku bama wundi-ny-muny-ka, nganja kulur-ku baya-kuji-bama-nka, wulbuman-angka murni buban yinya juran karrba-ny: yulmbarri-l buban kulur mayi ngadiku, murni nyubun-bu kariku jilba-l nyaji-l-kari | taste-FIRST person found-of-DAT, taste second person carried-of-DAT, taste third fire-keeper-DAT, old.woman practice small that alive kept: honoring little three meal before, work one-ERG never walks unseen


english: Don't feed the dog from your hand at the fire — he will learn the wrong law in one evening.
kuku: Kari kaya mayi-daya maramuny bayanga, nyulu kuku mumbu binal-mal wujurr nyubunba.
frame: everyday
words_used: []
loans_used: []
evidence: prohibitive; dog humor
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:09:32.398364+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:11:08.300808+00:00
analysis:
kari kaya mayi-daya mara-muny baya-nga, nyulu kuku mumbu binal-ma-l wujurr nyubun-ba | NEG dog feed! hand-from fire-LOC, he law wrong learns(INCHO) evening one-LOC


frame: question
words_used: ["bangkamu", "jila"]
loans_used: []
evidence: nostalgia; karrkay-wungar-a single-r LOC (scan catch)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:09:32.398364+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:11:08.300808+00:00
english:
What food did you love as a child? — Roasted sweet potato from my grandmother's coals; I can smell it now, forty wet seasons away.

kuku:
Wanyu mayi yundu wawu-manin karrkay-wungara? Bangkamu dindanmuny ngunjilmuny babimuny ngayku, ngayu jila manil nyiku, bana-wungar wubulku kala-kalbaymuny.

analysis:
wanyu mayi yundu wawu-mani-ny karrkay-wungar-a? bangkamu dinda-ny-muny ngunjil-muny babi-muny ngayku, ngayu jila mani-l nyiku, bana-wungar wubul-ku kala-kalbay-muny | what food you loved child-time-LOC? sweet.potato roasted-of coals-from grandmother-from my, I smell get now, wet.season many far.away-from


frame: teaching
words_used: ["junjun", "baway"]
loans_used: []
evidence: junjun FIRST USE; wungar-a single-r LOC (scan catch)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:09:32.398364+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:11:08.300808+00:00
english:
Every food has its season and its country, the old man said, showing it on his hand: the junjun fruit in its own days, the black bean after the pods drop, the fat fish when the wind turns — and a person who eats with the calendar never eats the country empty.

kuku:
Mayi nyubun-nyubun wungar-ji bubu-ji nyungu-nyungu-ji, mukulungku dingkarangka balkan, mara nyungu milbinya: junjun wungara nyungu-nyungu, baway diburr badanmuny, kuyu wandul-ji muyar murninya, bama nyulu nukal wungar-jinanji nyulu kariku bubu nganga-bungal.

analysis:
mayi nyubun-nyubun wungar-ji bubu-ji nyungu-nyungu-ji, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka balka-ny, mara nyungu milbi-nya: junjun wungar-a nyungu-nyungu, baway diburr bada-ny-muny, kuyu wandul-ji muyar murni-nya, bama nyulu nuka-l wungar-jina-nji nyulu kariku bubu nganga-bunga-l | food each season-COMIT country-COMIT own-COMIT, old man said, hand his show-SUB: junjun day-LOC own, black.bean pod dropped-after, fish fat-COMIT wind turn-SUB, person he eats calendar-COMIT he never country empty-CAUS


english: Pass the water bag along before the meat — talking is thirsty work.
kuku: Bana-balji daya baralburr minya ngadiku, kuku-balkal nyulu murni bana-dakwuy-ji.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["bana-dakwuy"]
loans_used: []
evidence: PERL along the line
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:09:32.398364+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:11:08.300808+00:00
analysis:
bana-balji daya baral-burr minya ngadiku, kuku-balka-l nyulu murni bana-dakwuy-ji | water-bag give! road-PERL meat before, talking it work thirst-COMIT


frame: everyday
words_used: ["kunjal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: maternal arithmetic
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:09:32.398364+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:11:08.300808+00:00
english:
One for the child, one for his brother, and the broken one for the mother herself — that is a mother's counting.

kuku:
Nyubun karrkaynka, nyubun yabanka nyungu, dumbarrinmuny ngamunka nyungu-nyungunka, yinya kunjal ngamumuny.

analysis:
nyubun karrkay-nka, nyubun yaba-nka nyungu, dumbarri-ny-muny ngamu-nka nyungu-nyungu-nka, yinya kunja-l ngamu-muny | one child-DAT, one brother-DAT his, broken-of mother-DAT herself-DAT, that counting mother-of


frame: teaching
words_used: ["ngadiku"]
loans_used: []
evidence: three-befores epigram
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:09:32.398364+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:11:08.300808+00:00
english:
Water before food, food before talk, talk before sleep — the old man hung the evening on three befores, and said: the man who reverses them goes to bed thirsty, hungry, and full of words.

kuku:
Bana mayi ngadiku, mayi kuku ngadiku, kuku warngku ngadiku, mukulungku dingkarangka wujurr kajan 'ngadiku' kulurbu, balkan: bama nyulu jana murnil muku-jinabu nyulu wunay bana-dakwuy-ji, dakwuy-ji, kuku-jakal-ji.

analysis:
bana mayi ngadiku, mayi kuku ngadiku, kuku warngku ngadiku, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka wujurr kaja-ny 'ngadiku' kulur-bu, balka-ny: bama nyulu jana murni-l muku-jina-bu nyulu wuna-y bana-dakwuy-ji, dakwuy-ji, kuku-jakal-ji | water food before, food talk before, talk sleep before, old man evening tied before three-INST, said: man he them does back-track-INST he sleeps thirst-COMIT, hunger-COMIT, word-full-COMIT


frame: narrative
words_used: ["ngarrbal", "yungal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: hospitality-without-ledger
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:09:32.398364+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:11:08.300808+00:00
english:
The stranger came at dusk and was fed before he was questioned, and years later he sent back a net full of gifts — and the old woman only said: we did not feed him for the return, we fed him because the fire was burning.

kuku:
Ngarrbal kadan miyil-wujurr-wujurrba, mayi-dayan babajil ngadiku, wungar wubulkumuny nyulu yungan baja makarr daji-jirray-ji jakal, wulbuman balkan wunbu: ngana nyulu mayi-dayan kari kadanka bajaku, ngana mayi-dayan baya wajunya.

analysis:
ngarrbal kada-ny miyil-wujurr-wujurr-ba, mayi-daya-ny babaji-l ngadiku, wungar wubul-ku-muny nyulu yunga-ny baja makarr daji-jirray-ji jakal, wulbuman balka-ny wunbu: ngana nyulu mayi-daya-ny kari kada-nka bajaku, ngana mayi-daya-ny baya waju-nya | stranger came dusk-LOC, fed questioning before, year many-after he sent back net gift-COMIT full, old.woman said quiet: we him fed NEG return-PURP at.all, we fed fire burn-SUB


frame: question
words_used: ["babi"]
loans_used: []
evidence: the last-place view
status: accepted
confidence: 0.95
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:09:32.398364+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:11:08.300808+00:00
english:
Grandmother, why do you always eat last? — Because from the last place you can see that everyone has something.

kuku:
Babi, wanyurrinku yundu yabarrka nukal badaku? Bubumuny badamuny yundu nyajil bama wubulku yamba-ji.

analysis:
babi, wanyurrinku yundu yabarrka nuka-l bada-ku? bubu-muny bada-muny yundu nyaji-l bama wubul-ku yamba-ji | grandmother, why you always eat last-DAT? place-from last-from you see people all thing-COMIT


english: The fish is for tonight, the yams for tomorrow, and the honey for the day your uncle comes.
kuku: Kuyu wujurrku, juwal wunkunyku, wunba wungarku kalnga kadanya.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["kalnga"]
loans_used: []
evidence: three-DAT larder plan
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:09:32.398364+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:11:08.300808+00:00
analysis:
kuyu wujurr-ku, juwal wunkuny-ku, wunba wungar-ku kalnga kada-nya | fish tonight-DAT, yam tomorrow-DAT, honey day-DAT uncle come-SUB


frame: teaching
words_used: ["kubu"]
loans_used: []
evidence: through-the-smoke PERL; peace-remade
status: accepted
confidence: 0.92
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:09:32.398364+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:11:08.300808+00:00
english:
Cooking is the one fight we are allowed to lose slowly, the old woman laughed through the smoke: the fire wins a little every day, the cook grows wiser with every loss, and the evening meal is the peace made again each night.

kuku:
Waju nyulu kuniway nyubun ngana bada-manil buban-buban, wulbumanangka yajarr-man kububurr: bayabu manil buban wungar nyubun-nyubunbu, waju-bama binal-mal bada-mani nyubun-nyubunbu, mayi wujurrmuny nyulu kaka-kari murninmuny baja wujurr nyubun-nyubunba.

analysis:
waju nyulu kuniway nyubun ngana bada-mani-l buban-buban, wulbuman-angka yajarr-ma-ny kubu-burr: baya-bu mani-l buban wungar nyubun-nyubun-bu, waju-bama binal-ma-l bada-mani nyubun-nyubun-bu, mayi wujurr-muny nyulu kaka-kari murni-ny-muny baja wujurr nyubun-nyubun-ba | cooking it fight one we lose slowly, old.woman laughed(INCHO) smoke-PERL: fire-ERG wins little day every-INST, cook wise-becomes(INCHO) loss every-INST, meal evening-of it peace made-of again night every-LOC


english: Wait, it is hot! Let it stand first, and then eat.
kuku: Janay, nyulu wumbul! Bawa janay-ngurr, yalada nuka.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["janay-ngurr"]
loans_used: []
evidence: eight words; TEMP3
status: accepted
confidence: 0.95
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:09:32.398364+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:11:08.300808+00:00
analysis:
jana-y, nyulu wumbul! bawa jana-y-ngurr, yala-da nuka | wait!, it hot! leave! stand-FIRST, then eat!


frame: narrative
words_used: ["ngubar", "jani-kari"]
loans_used: []
evidence: first-fish grace; ngubar-a single-r LOC (scan catch)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:09:32.398364+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:11:08.300808+00:00
english:
The little girl cooked her first fish by herself, burnt on one side and raw on the other, and the old man ate every bit of it slowly and said it was the best fish of the wet season — and that is how cooks are made.

kuku:
Jalbu-bubanangka kuyu ngadiku nyungu wajun nyubunji, wajun bajaku ngubara jani-kari ngubara yindu, mukulungku dingkarangka wubulku nukan buban-buban, balkan kuyu yukil bajaku bana-wungarmuny, yalabu waju-bama murninmuny.

analysis:
jalbu-buban-angka kuyu ngadiku nyungu waju-ny nyubun-ji, waju-ny bajaku ngubar-a jani-kari ngubar-a yindu, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka wubul-ku nuka-ny buban-buban, balka-ny kuyu yukil bajaku bana-wungar-muny, yala-bu waju-bama murni-ny-muny | girl-ERG fish first her cooked alone, burnt very side-LOC raw side-LOC other, old man-ERG all ate slowly, said fish good most wet.season-of, this.way-INST cooks made-of


english: What is the rule for the last piece? — Offer it twice, then eat it smiling.
kuku: Wanyu kuku mayi-daji badamuny? Daya jambulku, yalada nuka yajarr-ji.
frame: question
words_used: ["mayi-daji"]
loans_used: []
evidence: last-piece etiquette
status: accepted
confidence: 0.95
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:09:32.398364+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:11:08.300808+00:00
analysis:
wanyu kuku mayi-daji bada-muny? daya jambul-ku, yala-da nuka yajarr-ji | what law food-share last-of? offer! twice, then eat! laugh-COMIT


frame: teaching
words_used: ["ngambuy", "jiba-wulay"]
loans_used: ["school"]
evidence: taste semiotics; jiba-wulay vindicated
status: accepted
confidence: 0.92
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:09:32.398364+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:11:08.300808+00:00
english:
Bitter is a teacher and sweet is a holiday, the old man sorted the tastes in a line: the bitter one says learn me slowly, the sweet one says celebrate, the fat one says the cold season is near — so the tongue is the oldest school.

kuku:
Ngambuy nyulu milbil-bama, jiba-wulay nyulu yajarr-wungar, mukulungku dingkarangka nganja yijarrin jinanga: ngambuybu balkal binal-maka buban-buban, jiba-wulaybu balkal yulmbarrika, wandulbu balkal bulur-iji ngundu, yalada nyabil nyulu school mukul bajaku.

analysis:
ngambuy nyulu milbil-bama, jiba-wulay nyulu yajarr-wungar, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka nganja yijarri-ny jina-nga: ngambuy-bu balka-l binal-ma-ka buban-buban, jiba-wulay-bu balka-l yulmbarri-ka, wandul-bu balka-l bulur-iji ngundu, yala-da nyabil nyulu school mukul bajaku | bitter it teacher, sweet it laugh-time, old man tastes put line-LOC: bitter-ERG says learn-IMP! slowly, sweet-ERG says celebrate-IMP!, fat-ERG says cold.season close.by, so tongue it school old most


frame: everyday
words_used: ["wundil"]
loans_used: []
evidence: closing walk-home
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:09:32.398364+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:11:08.300808+00:00
english:
Everyone carried something home: fish, roots, honey — and the smallest one carried the story of the day.

kuku:
Bama wubulku yamba wundin bayanka: kuyu, bangkan, wunba, buban bajakubu kuku-jangkar wungarmuny wundin.

analysis:
bama wubul-ku yamba wundi-ny bayan-ka: kuyu, bangkan, wunba, buban bajaku-bu kuku-jangkar wungar-muny wundi-ny | people all thing carried home-DAT: fish, root, honey, little.one most-ERG story day-of carried


english: Food shared is the oldest word for family.
kuku: Mayi wambajinmuny nyulu kuku mukul bajaku jawun-karramuny.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["wambaji"]
loans_used: []
evidence: eight-word capstone
status: accepted
confidence: 0.95
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:09:32.398364+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:11:08.300808+00:00
analysis:
mayi wambaji-ny-muny nyulu kuku mukul bajaku jawun-karra-muny | food shared-of it word old most family-for


english: Which one is your camp? — The one with the big fire and the two dogs.
kuku: Wanjaku bayan yundumuny? Bayan baya yalbay-ji, kaya jambul-nji.
frame: everyday
words_used: []
loans_used: []
evidence: COMIT neutral -ji vs potent -nji (dogs potent) in one answer
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:16:23.041078+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:21:24.152719+00:00
analysis:
wanjaku bayan yundu-muny? bayan baya yalbay-ji, kaya jambul-nji | which camp your? camp fire big-COMIT, dog two-COMIT:pt


english: I saw a man with a spear and a woman with a dillybag going north.
kuku: Ngayu nyajin dingkar kalka-ji jalbu balji-ji, jana dungan kungkarrku.
frame: everyday
words_used: []
loans_used: []
evidence: classic descriptive COMIT (kalka-ji anchor)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:16:23.041078+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:21:24.152719+00:00
analysis:
ngayu nyaji-ny dingkar kalka-ji jalbu balji-ji, jana dunga-ny kungkarr-ku | I saw man spear-COMIT woman dillybag-COMIT, they went north-DAT


frame: teaching
words_used: ["walarr-iji"]
loans_used: []
evidence: metalinguistic pair; walarr-iji rhotic COMIT anchor
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:16:23.041078+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:21:24.152719+00:00
english:
With and without are the two hands of describing, the old woman taught: say the man with the beard, the woman with the net, the camp without fire, the child without fear — and you have shown them all without one colour word.

kuku:
Kuku '-ji' kuku '-kari' nyulu mara jambul milbilmuny, wulbumanangka milbin: balka dingkar walarr-iji, jalbu makarr-ji, bayan baya-kari, karrkay yinil-kari, yundu jana wubulku milbin kuku nyubunbu nganga.

analysis:
kuku '-ji' kuku '-kari' nyulu mara jambul milbi-l-muny, wulbuman-angka milbi-ny: balka dingkar walarr-iji, jalbu makarr-ji, bayan baya-kari, karrkay yinil-kari, yundu jana wubul-ku milbi-ny kuku nyubun-bu nganga | word -ji word -kari it hand two describing-of, old.woman taught: say! man beard-COMIT(rhotic -iji), woman net-COMIT, camp fire-PRIV, child fear-PRIV, you them all showed word one-INST only


english: The greedy one took the last piece without asking.
kuku: Bamabu jumbunbu mayi-daji bada manin babaji-kari.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["muru-kari"]
loans_used: []
evidence: double PRIV; muru shame-element (muru-kaday 21131)
status: revised
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:16:23.041078+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:07:49.482828+00:00
analysis:
bama-bu jumbun-bu mayi-daji bada mani-ny babaji-kari | person-ERG greedy-ERG food-share last took asking-PRIV


english: Is there a camp with water on that road? — With water, with shade, and with biting creatures too.
kuku: Bayan bana-ji baralba yinyaba? Bana-ji, wabarr-ji, minya-bakal-ji baja.
frame: question
words_used: ["wabarr"]
loans_used: []
evidence: triple-COMIT comic answer
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:16:23.041078+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:21:24.152719+00:00
analysis:
bayan bana-ji baral-ba yinya-ba? bana-ji, wabarr-ji, minya-bakal-ji baja | camp water-COMIT road-LOC that-LOC? water-COMIT, shade-COMIT, creature-biter-COMIT too


frame: teaching
words_used: ["kuli-ji", "nganka-ji", "biwar"]
loans_used: []
evidence: COMIT attribute set — all cheatsheet anchors; biwar wife kin
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:16:23.041078+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:21:24.152719+00:00
english:
The little ji loves company, the old man played with the words: a spear-owner is spear-with, an angry man is anger-with, a flowering tree is flower-with, and a married man walks wife-with — the ji is the tier-together of words.

kuku:
Kuku buban '-ji' wawu-manil jawun, mukulungku dingkarangka kukubu yajarr-man: bama kalka-ji, bama kuli-ji, juku nganka-ji, dingkar dunyu-bama biwar-ji jilbal, '-ji' nyulu kaja-bama kukumuny.

analysis:
kuku buban '-ji' wawu-ma-ni-l jawun, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka kuku-bu yajarr-ma-ny: bama kalka-ji, bama kuli-ji, juku nganka-ji, dingkar dunyu-bama biwar-ji jilba-l, '-ji' nyulu kaja-bama kuku-muny | word little -ji loves company, old man word-INST laughed(INCHO): person spear-COMIT, person anger-COMIT, tree flower-COMIT, man married wife-COMIT walks, -ji it tier(-together) word-of


english: Who goes hunting today? — The ones with strong legs and without small babies.
kuku: Wanya balbinka dungay nyiku? Bama jandal-junkurr-ji, ngawa-kari.
frame: question
words_used: []
loans_used: []
evidence: selection by COMIT/PRIV pair
status: revised
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:16:23.041078+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
analysis:
wanya balbi-nka dunga-y nyiku? bama jandal-junkurr-ji, ngawa-kari | who hunt-DAT goes today? person leg-strength-COMIT, baby-PRIV


frame: narrative
words_used: ["ngarrbal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: triple PRIV -> triple COMIT arc; hospitality thesis
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:16:23.041078+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:21:24.152719+00:00
english:
The stranger arrived without food, without fire, without language — and left with all three, and the old woman said: that is the whole work of a camp in one sentence.

kuku:
Ngarrbal kadan mayi-kari, baya-kari, kuku-kari, nyulu dungan mayi-ji baya-ji kuku-ji, wulbumanangka balkan: yinya murni bayanmuny wubulku kuku nyubunba.

analysis:
ngarrbal kada-ny mayi-kari, baya-kari, kuku-kari, nyulu dunga-ny mayi-ji baya-ji kuku-ji, wulbuman-angka balka-ny: yinya murni bayan-muny wubul-ku kuku nyubun-ba | stranger came food-PRIV, fire-PRIV, language-PRIV, he left food-COMIT fire-COMIT language-COMIT, old.woman said: that work camp-of whole sentence one-LOC


frame: teaching
words_used: ["kalka-jirr-ka"]
loans_used: []
evidence: -jirr- before case (cheatsheet anchor kalka-jirr-ka) as metalinguistic row
status: revised
confidence: 0.92
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:16:23.041078+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
Before a case ending the with grows a tail, the old woman drilled the fine point: spear-with becomes kalka-jirr-ka when you aim the sentence at it, so listen for the rr — it says the with is about to work.

kuku:
Kuku '-ji' bada karrbal '-rr' kuku-jina ngadiku, wulbumanangka kuku buban milbin: 'kalka-ji' nyulu 'kalka-jirr-ka'-mal, yalada milka-janay 'rr'-ka, nyulu balkal '-ji' murninka nyiku.

analysis:
kuku '-ji' bada karrba-l '-rr' kuku-jina ngadiku, wulbuman-angka kuku buban milbi-ny: 'kalka-ji' nyulu 'kalka-jirr-ka'-ma-l, yala-da milka-jana-y 'rr'-ka, nyulu balka-l '-ji' murni-nka nyiku | word -ji tail holds -rr case before, old.woman point fine taught: kalka-ji it kalka-jirr-ka-becomes, so listen! rr-DAT, it says -ji work-DAT now


english: This water is no good — it comes out of the ground with a smell.
kuku: Bana yanya mumbu, nyulu wandil bubumuny jila-ji.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["jila"]
loans_used: []
evidence: water-quality check; jila smell
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:16:23.041078+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:21:24.152719+00:00
analysis:
bana yanya mumbu, nyulu wandi-l bubu-muny jila-ji | water this bad, it rises ground-from smell-COMIT


kuku: Wujurr kiway-kiway, ngana kararr-kari, yalada ngana wunan baya-ji, kaya-nji, murrba.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["murrba"]
loans_used: []
evidence: PRIV problem, COMIT solution; potent -nji
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:16:23.041078+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:21:24.152719+00:00
english:
The night was cold and we were without blankets, so we slept fire-with, dog-with, and close together.

analysis:
wujurr kiway-kiway, ngana kararr-kari, yala-da ngana wuna-ny baya-ji, kaya-nji, murrba | night cold, we blanket-PRIV, so we slept fire-COMIT, dog-COMIT:pt, close.fitting


english: How do you say he is blind the soft way? — Eye-without; or better, ear-with.
kuku: Wanjarr yundu balkal 'miyil-burra' kimabu? 'Miyil-kari', yambada yukil-baja, 'milka-ji'.
frame: question
words_used: ["miyil-kari", "milka-ji"]
loans_used: []
evidence: euphemism meta-row; reframe-by-COMIT
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:16:23.041078+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:21:24.152719+00:00
analysis:
wanjarr yundu balka-l 'miyil-burra' kima-bu? 'miyil-kari', yambada yukil-baja, 'milka-ji' | how you say blind soft-INST? eye-PRIV, or better, ear-COMIT


frame: teaching
words_used: []
loans_used: []
evidence: PRIV is not emptiness; judgment-restraint close
status: accepted
confidence: 0.92
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:16:23.041078+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:21:24.152719+00:00
english:
Without is not empty, the old man corrected the boy who mocked: the man without a spear may be carrying knowledge, the camp without noise may be full of thought — so read the kari twice before you say one bad word.

kuku:
Kuku '-kari' nyulu kari nganga-yamba, mukulungku dingkarangka buban murnin yukil, nyulu yajarr-manya bamanka: dingkar kalka-kari nyulu binal wundilnya, bayan kuku-kari nyulu milkabu-baykal-ji, yalada nyaji 'kari' jambulku kuku-mumbu balkanka ngadiku.

analysis:
kuku '-kari' nyulu kari nganga-yamba, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka buban murni-ny yukil, nyulu yajarr-ma-nya bama-nka: dingkar kalka-kari nyulu binal wundi-l-nya, bayan kuku-kari nyulu milkabu-bayka-l-ji, yala-da nyaji 'kari' jambul-ku kuku-mumbu balka-nka ngadiku | word -kari it NEG empty-thing, old man boy corrected, he laugh-SUB person-DAT: man spear-PRIV he knowledge carry-SUB, camp noise-PRIV it thinking-COMIT, so read! kari twice bad.word say-PURP before


english: Their camp is meat-rich and water-poor this season; ours is the other way around.
kuku: Bayan janamuny minya-ji bajaku bana-kari buban, bayan nganamuny muku-jinabu.
frame: everyday
words_used: []
loans_used: []
evidence: resource contrast; muku-jina 'the other way'
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:16:23.041078+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:21:24.152719+00:00
analysis:
bayan jana-muny minya-ji bajaku bana-kari buban, bayan ngana-muny muku-jina-bu | camp their meat-COMIT very water-PRIV little, camp our back-track-INST


frame: narrative
words_used: ["dirra"]
loans_used: []
evidence: milk-tooth rite; PRIV+COMIT pair on one child
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:16:23.041078+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:21:24.152719+00:00
english:
The girl came home tooth-without and grin-with, and her father laughed: the first gap is a road, the grown teeth come in through it.

kuku:
Jalbu-buban kadan bayanka dirra-kari yajarr-ji, nganjan yajarr-man: baral-ngandal ngadiku nyulu baral, dirra bama-yalbaymuny yinyaburr kaday.

analysis:
jalbu-buban kada-ny bayan-ka dirra-kari yajarr-ji, nganjan yajarr-ma-ny: baral-ngandal ngadiku nyulu baral, dirra bama-yalbay-muny yinya-burr kada-y | girl came home-DAT tooth-PRIV laugh-COMIT, father laughed(INCHO): gate first it road, tooth grown.person-of that-PERL comes


english: Don't travel water-without in the hot season — not even one day.
kuku: Kari jilbal bana-kari wangariji, wungar nyubun baja.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["wangariji"]
loans_used: []
evidence: seven-word survival law
status: accepted
confidence: 0.95
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:16:23.041078+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:21:24.152719+00:00
analysis:
kari jilba-l bana-kari wangariji, wungar nyubun baja | NEG travel! water-PRIV hot.season, day one even


frame: question
words_used: ["jawun-karra", "walal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: wealth = kin; wala-l enter (dict); potent COMIT on kin
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:16:23.041078+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:21:24.152719+00:00
english:
What did the old people call a rich man? — Kin-with. And a poor man? — Kin-without. The things never entered into it.

kuku:
Wanyu bama mukulungku kunjan bama yamba-ji wubul-ji? Jawun-karra-nji. Bama yamba-kari? Jawun-karra-kari. Yamba kariku walan yinyaka.

analysis:
wanyu bama mukul-ungku kunja-ny bama yamba-ji wubul-ji? jawun-karra-nji. bama yamba-kari? jawun-karra-kari. yamba kariku wala-ny yinya-ka | what people old-ERG called person thing-COMIT many-COMIT? kin-COMIT:pt. person thing-PRIV? kin-PRIV. thing never entered that-DAT


frame: teaching
words_used: []
loans_used: []
evidence: hand/head pairing; potent LOC karrkay-anda
status: accepted
confidence: 0.92
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:16:23.041078+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:21:24.152719+00:00
english:
A tool-with hand and a knowledge-with head make one whole worker, the old woman paired them: hand without head breaks things, head without hand breaks nothing and makes nothing — so tie them together early in every child.

kuku:
Mara yamba-murni-ji dukul binal-ji nyulu murni-bama nyubun wubulku, wulbumanangka jana kajan nyubunku: mara dukul-kari yamba dumbarril, dukul mara-kari yamba-kari dumbarril yamba-kari murnil, yalada kaja jana ngadiku karrkayanda nyubun-nyubunanda.

analysis:
mara yamba-murni-ji dukul binal-ji nyulu murni-bama nyubun wubul-ku, wulbuman-angka jana kaja-ny nyubun-ku: mara dukul-kari yamba dumbarri-l, dukul mara-kari yamba-kari dumbarri-l yamba-kari murni-l, yala-da kaja jana ngadiku karrkay-anda nyubun-nyubun-anda | hand tool-COMIT head knowledge-COMIT it worker one whole, old.woman them tied one-DAT: hand head-PRIV thing breaks, head hand-PRIV nothing breaks nothing makes, so tie! them early child-LOC every-LOC


english: We came back winners: three-fish-with, two-crab-with, and story-with for a week.
kuku: Ngana kadan baja yukil-ji: kuyu-kulur-ji, kiju-jambul-ji, kuku-jangkar-ji wungar wubulkunka.
frame: everyday
words_used: []
loans_used: []
evidence: numbered-COMIT brag (538 kalka-ji kulur-ji pattern)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:16:23.041078+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:21:24.152719+00:00
analysis:
ngana kada-ny baja yukil-ji: kuyu-kulur-ji, kiju-jambul-ji, kuku-jangkar-ji wungar wubul-ku-nka | we came back good-COMIT: fish-three-COMIT, crab-two-COMIT, story-COMIT day many-DAT


frame: narrative
words_used: ["kunjal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: earned-name arc; COMIT/PRIV as character
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:16:23.041078+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:21:24.152719+00:00
english:
One man walked into the dry country track-without and came back name-with — they call him Bana-Binal now, water-knower, for he read the country the old way: thirst-with but fear-without.

kuku:
Dingkar nyubun jilban bubu marralku jina-kari, kadan baja kuku-ji: bamangka nyulu kunjal 'Bana-Binal' nyiku, nyulu bubu nyajin yalabu mukulbu, bana-dakwuy-ji yambada yinil-kari.

analysis:
dingkar nyubun jilba-ny bubu marral-ku jina-kari, kada-ny baja kuku-ji: bama-ngka nyulu kunja-l 'Bana-Binal' nyiku, nyulu bubu nyaji-ny yala-bu mukul-bu, bana-dakwuy-ji yambada yinil-kari | man one walked country dry-DAT track-PRIV, came back name-COMIT: people-ERG him call Bana-Binal now, he country read way-INST old-INST, thirst-COMIT but fear-PRIV


frame: teaching
words_used: []
loans_used: []
evidence: the ji/kari/mundu triangle as an explicit lesson (r.35 companion)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.92
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:16:23.041078+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:21:24.152719+00:00
english:
The mundu is a third door, the old man completed the set: ji says having, kari says lacking, mundu says doing-without — the man fire-mundu sleeps cold tonight but may own a fire tomorrow, so mundu is a lacking with a road out.

kuku:
Kuku '-mundu' nyulu baral-ngandal kulurku, mukulungku dingkarangka jana kunbay-manin: '-ji' balkal yamba-ji, '-kari' balkal yamba-kari, '-mundu' balkal murnil yamba-mundu: dingkar baya-mundu wunay kiway-kiway wujurrba, yambada wunkuny nyulu baya-ji, yalada '-mundu' nyulu kari-yamba baral-ji.

analysis:
kuku '-mundu' nyulu baral-ngandal kulur-ku, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka jana kunba-y-mani-ny: '-ji' balka-l yamba-ji, '-kari' balka-l yamba-kari, '-mundu' balka-l murni-l yamba-mundu: dingkar baya-mundu wuna-y kiway-kiway wujurr-ba, yambada wunkuny nyulu baya-ji, yala-da '-mundu' nyulu kari-yamba baral-ji | word -mundu it gate third-DAT, old man them completed: -ji says thing-having, -kari says thing-lacking, -mundu says does thing-without(ABESS): man fire-ABESS sleeps cold night-LOC, but tomorrow he fire-COMIT, so -mundu it lack road-COMIT


english: Which brother married? — The quiet one; he went out alone and came back wife-with.
kuku: Wanjaku yaba dunyu-manin? Bama wunbu: nyulu dungan nyubunji, kadan baja biwar-ji.
frame: question
words_used: ["biwar"]
loans_used: []
evidence: alone/wife-with arc in nine words
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:16:23.041078+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:21:24.152719+00:00
analysis:
wanjaku yaba dunyu-mani-ny? bama wunbu: nyulu dunga-ny nyubun-ji, kada-ny baja biwar-ji | which brother married? person quiet: he went alone(one-COMIT), came back wife-COMIT


frame: teaching
words_used: []
loans_used: []
evidence: gratitude-by-grammar capstone-mid
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:16:23.041078+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:21:24.152719+00:00
english:
Count what you are with, not what you are without, the old woman ended the night: the with-list is always the longer one — you only have to say it out loud.

kuku:
Kunja yamba yundumuny '-ji', kari '-kari', wulbumanangka wujurr kunbay-manin: kuku '-ji'-muny nyulu kalbay-baja yabarrka, balka nganga nyulu ngalkalbu.

analysis:
kunja yamba yundu-muny '-ji', kari '-kari', wulbuman-angka wujurr kunba-y-mani-ny: kuku '-ji'-muny nyulu kalbay-baja yabarrka, balka nganga nyulu ngalkal-bu | count! thing your -ji, NEG -kari, old.woman night ended: word -ji-of it long-DEG2 always, say! only it open-INST


english: She went out angry-with and came back quiet — the long walk did its old work.
kuku: Nyulu dungan kuli-ji, kadan baja wunbu, jilba kalbaybu murni mukul nyungu murnin.
frame: everyday
words_used: []
loans_used: []
evidence: anger-walk; COMIT departure state
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:20:39.525700+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:21:24.152719+00:00
analysis:
nyulu dunga-ny kuli-ji, kada-ny baja wunbu, jilba kalbay-bu murni mukul nyungu murni-ny | she went anger-COMIT, came back quiet, walk long-ERG work old its did


english: Are you coming with the hunters, or staying with the old people?
kuku: Yundu kaday balbi-bamanji yambada janay bama mukulanji?
frame: question
words_used: []
loans_used: []
evidence: potent COMIT pair; either/or
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:20:39.525700+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:21:24.152719+00:00
analysis:
yundu kada-y balbi-bama-nji yambada jana-y bama mukul-anji? | you come hunter-COMIT:pt or stay people old-COMIT:pt?


frame: narrative
words_used: ["ngarrbal", "wambaji"]
loans_used: []
evidence: prejudice-vs-time arc; COMIT accretion
status: revised
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:20:39.525700+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
They judged the visitor wrongly: he arrived things-with and language-without, and by the wet season he was digging-with, sharing-with, and joke-with — the country reads more slowly than the eye, the old man said, let it finish.

kuku:
Jana ngarrbal nyajin mumbu: nyulu kadan yamba-ji wubul-ji kuku-kari, bana-wungarbu nyulu bakal-ji, wambaji-ji, yajarr-ji, bubu nyajil buban-buban miyilmuny, mukulungku dingkarangka balkan, bawa nyulu kunbay-manilka.

analysis:
jana ngarrbal nyaji-ny mumbu: nyulu kada-ny yamba-ji wubul-ji kuku-kari, bana-wungar-bu nyulu baka-l-ji, wambaji-ji, yajarr-ji, bubu nyaji-l buban-buban miyil-muny, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka balka-ny, bawa nyulu kunba-y-mani-nka | they visitor judged wrong: he came thing-COMIT many-COMIT language-PRIV, wet.season-INST he digging-COMIT, sharing-COMIT, laughter-COMIT, country reads slowly eye-from, old man said, leave! it finish-DAT


english: We two sing it once together, and then you sing it alone.
kuku: Ngali badi nyubunbu, yalada yundu badi nyubunji.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["ngali"]
loans_used: []
evidence: ngali 1du (2581); pedagogy in nine words
status: accepted
confidence: 0.95
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:20:39.525700+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:21:24.152719+00:00
analysis:
ngali badi-y nyubun-bu, yala-da yundu badi-y nyubun-ji | we.two sing once-INST, then you sing alone(one-COMIT)


frame: teaching
words_used: []
loans_used: []
evidence: COMIT hierarchy; DEG2 comparative frame x3
status: accepted
confidence: 0.92
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:20:39.525700+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:21:24.152719+00:00
english:
Some withs weigh more than things, the old woman weighed them out for the girls: patience-with beats spear-with on a long day, laughter-with beats meat-with at a sad fire, and truth-with beats all of them everywhere.

kuku:
Kuku '-ji' nyubun-nyubun dandi-baja yambamuny, wulbumanangka jana milbin jalbu-bubanka: wawu-karrba-ji nyulu junkurr-baja kalka-jimuny wungar kalbayba, yajarr-ji junkurr-baja minya-jimuny baya wawu-mumbuba, kuku-yukil-ji junkurr-baja wubulkumuny bubu nyubun-nyubunba.

analysis:
kuku '-ji' nyubun-nyubun dandi-baja yamba-muny, wulbuman-angka jana milbi-ny jalbu-buban-ka: wawu-karrba-ji nyulu junkurr-baja kalka-ji-muny wungar kalbay-ba, yajarr-ji junkurr-baja minya-ji-muny baya wawu-mumbu-ba, kuku-yukil-ji junkurr-baja wubul-ku-muny bubu nyubun-nyubun-ba | word -ji some heavy-DEG2 thing-from, old.woman them weighed girls-DAT: patience-COMIT it strong-DEG2 spear-COMIT-from day long-LOC, laughter-COMIT strong-DEG2 meat-COMIT-from fire sad-LOC, truth-COMIT strong-DEG2 all-from place every-LOC


english: Walk carefully — that path is snake-with in the hot season.
kuku: Jilba miyil-ji, baral yinya jarba-nji wangariji.
frame: everyday
words_used: []
loans_used: []
evidence: potent -nji on snake; seven words
status: accepted
confidence: 0.95
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:20:39.525700+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:21:24.152719+00:00
analysis:
jilba miyil-ji, baral yinya jarba-nji wangariji | walk! eye-COMIT, path that snake-COMIT:pt hot.season


english: Why did they choose her to speak? — Because she is ears-with, patience-with, and hurry-without.
kuku: Wanyurrinku jana nyulu manin balkanka? Nyulu milka-ji, wawu-karrba-ji, warri-warri-kari.
frame: question
words_used: []
loans_used: []
evidence: character-by-suffix triple
status: revised
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:20:39.525700+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:07:49.482828+00:00
analysis:
wanyurrinku jana nyulu mani-ny balka-nka? nyulu milka-ji, wawu-karrba-ji, warri-warri-kari | why they her chose speak-PURP? she ear-COMIT, patience-COMIT, hurry-PRIV


frame: narrative
words_used: ["milka-dudu", "walal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: deafness adaptation; COMIT+INCHO chains
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:20:39.525700+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:21:24.152719+00:00
english:
Grandfather went deaf slowly, and the camp changed too, without one big meeting: the talk became face-with, the hands became word-with, and the children learned that language is a country with many roads in.

kuku:
Kami milka-dudu-man buban-buban, bayan yindu-man baja kuku-yalbay-kari: kuku walu-ji-man, mara kuku-ji-man, karrkay-karrkay binalman kuku nyulu bubu baral-ji wubul-ji walanka.

analysis:
kami milka-dudu-ma-ny buban-buban, bayan yindu-ma-ny baja kuku-yalbay-kari: kuku walu-ji-ma-ny, mara kuku-ji-ma-ny, karrkay-karrkay binal-ma-ny kuku nyulu bubu baral-ji wubul-ji wala-nka | grandfather deaf-became(INCHO) slowly, camp changed(INCHO) too meeting-PRIV: talk face-COMIT-became, hand word-COMIT-became, children learned language it country road-COMIT many-COMIT enter-PURP


english: This one travels light: firestick-with, water-with, knife-with — and that is all.
kuku: Yanya jilbal yamba buban-ji: baya-juku-ji, bana-ji, naybu-ji, yinya wubulku.
frame: everyday
words_used: []
loans_used: ["naybu"]
evidence: kit-list COMIT; loan naybu
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:20:39.525700+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:21:24.152719+00:00
analysis:
yanya jilba-l yamba buban-ji: baya-juku-ji, bana-ji, naybu-ji, yinya wubul-ku | this.one travels thing little-COMIT: firestick-COMIT, water-COMIT, knife-COMIT, that all


frame: teaching
words_used: ["walarr-iji"]
loans_used: []
evidence: COMIT allomorph meta-row (r.33 companion)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.92
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:20:39.525700+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:21:24.152719+00:00
english:
Match the with to its company, the old woman kept the grammar straight: things take ji, people and dogs take nji, and after a trilled tail it is iji — walarr-iji, the bearded one — for even with must dress for its company.

kuku:
Kaja '-ji' jawunka nyunguka, wulbumanangka kuku-jina dandi karrban: yambabu manil '-ji', bamabu kayabu manil '-nji', badaba 'rr'-muny nyulu '-iji', 'walarr-iji', kuku '-ji' baja nyulu kambi yindu-yindu manil.

analysis:
kaja '-ji' jawun-ka nyungu-ka, wulbuman-angka kuku-jina dandi karrba-ny: yamba-bu mani-l '-ji', bama-bu kaya-bu mani-l '-nji', bada-ba 'rr'-muny nyulu '-iji', 'walarr-iji', kuku '-ji' baja nyulu kambi yindu-yindu mani-l | tie! -ji company-DAT its-DAT, old.woman grammar hard held: thing-ERG takes -ji, person-ERG dog-ERG takes -nji, end-LOC rr-after it -iji, walarr-iji, word -ji even it clothes different takes


english: No moon tonight — go torch-with, or do not go at all.
kuku: Kija-kari wujurrba, dungay baya-juku-ji yambada kari dungay.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["kija"]
loans_used: []
evidence: moon-PRIV night rule
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:20:39.525700+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:21:24.152719+00:00
analysis:
kija-kari wujurr-ba, dunga-y baya-juku-ji yambada kari dunga-y | moon-PRIV night-LOC, go! firestick-COMIT or NEG go


frame: everyday
words_used: ["wanjamuny"]
loans_used: []
evidence: belonging-by-practice
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:20:39.525700+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:21:24.152719+00:00
english:
He eats at our fire, works our work, laughs our laughter — he is camp-with now, wherever he was born.

kuku:
Nyulu nukal bayanga nganamuny, murnil murni nganamuny, yajarr-mal yajarr-ji nganamuny, nyulu bayan-ji nyiku, wanjamuny nyulu wandin baja.

analysis:
nyulu nuka-l baya-nga ngana-muny, murni-l murni ngana-muny, yajarr-ma-l yajarr-ji ngana-muny, nyulu bayan-ji nyiku, wanja-muny nyulu wandi-ny baja | he eats fire-LOC our, works work our, laughs laughter-COMIT our, he camp-COMIT now, where-from he rose whatever


english: What makes a good trade? — Both walk away thing-with and anger-without.
kuku: Wanyu daji-way yukil murnil? Jambul dungay yamba-ji kuli-kari.
frame: question
words_used: ["daji-way"]
loans_used: []
evidence: nine-word trade ethic
status: accepted
confidence: 0.95
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:20:39.525700+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:21:24.152719+00:00
analysis:
wanyu daji-way yukil murni-l? jambul dunga-y yamba-ji kuli-kari | what trade good makes? two walk thing-COMIT anger-PRIV


frame: narrative
words_used: ["babarr", "jinkurr", "ngali"]
loans_used: []
evidence: sisters' division; teaching-on-new-legs
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:20:39.525700+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:21:24.152719+00:00
english:
The two sisters divided the work of the camp without one loud word: you the fire, I the water, we two the child — and their mother heard it from the shade and laughed: my old teaching is walking around on new legs.

kuku:
Babarr-jinkurr jambul bayan-murni wambajin kuku-yalbay-kari: yundu baya, ngayu bana, ngali karrkay, ngamubu milka-janan wabarrmuny, yajarr-man: milbil ngayku mukul jilbal jandalba jirakalba.

analysis:
babarr-jinkurr jambul bayan-murni wambaji-ny kuku-yalbay-kari: yundu baya, ngayu bana, ngali karrkay, ngamu-bu milka-jana-ny wabarr-muny, yajarr-ma-ny: milbil ngayku mukul jilba-l jandal-ba jirakal-ba | sister-pair two camp-work shared loud.word-PRIV: you fire, I water, we.two child, mother-ERG heard shade-from, laughed(INCHO): teaching my old walks leg-LOC new-LOC


english: Careful — that one is words-with but work-without.
kuku: Miyil-ji! Bama yinya kuku-ji yambada murni-kari.
frame: everyday
words_used: []
loans_used: []
evidence: seven-word character warning
status: accepted
confidence: 0.95
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:20:39.525700+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:21:24.152719+00:00
analysis:
miyil-ji! bama yinya kuku-ji yambada murni-kari | eye-COMIT(careful)! person that word-COMIT but work-PRIV


english: Come water-with tomorrow; the walk is long and the shade is small.
kuku: Kaday bana-ji wunkuny, jilba kalbay, wabarr buban.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["wabarr"]
loans_used: []
evidence: eight-word trail notice
status: accepted
confidence: 0.95
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:20:39.525700+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:21:24.152719+00:00
analysis:
kada-y bana-ji wunkuny, jilba kalbay, wabarr buban | come! water-COMIT tomorrow, walk long, shade little


frame: question
words_used: []
loans_used: []
evidence: courage redefined by suffix
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:20:39.525700+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:21:24.152719+00:00
english:
Old man, were you ever fear-with? — Every so-called fearless man is fear-with; he is only also feet-with.

kuku:
Mukul dingkar, yundu yinil-ji ngadiku? Bama 'yinil-kari' nyubun-nyubun nyulu yinil-ji, nyulu jina-ji baja nganga.

analysis:
mukul dingkar, yundu yinil-ji ngadiku? bama 'yinil-kari' nyubun-nyubun nyulu yinil-ji, nyulu jina-ji baja nganga | old man, you fear-COMIT before? person fearless(so-called) every he fear-COMIT, he foot-COMIT also only


frame: teaching
words_used: ["kubu"]
loans_used: []
evidence: country-as-COMIT-speaker
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:20:39.525700+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:21:24.152719+00:00
english:
The country itself speaks in withs, the old man swept his arm across it: flower-with means honey soon, cloud-with means look at the shelters, smoke-with means people, track-with means dinner — so a reader of withs is never startled twice.

kuku:
Bubu nyulu-nyulu balkal '-ji'-bu, mukulungku dingkarangka wakuy milbin: nganka-ji balkal wunba ngundu, ngurrban-ji balkal bayan nyaji, kubu-ji balkal bama, jina-ji balkal mayi, yalada bama '-ji' nyajilmuny nyulu kariku yinil-mal jambulku.

analysis:
bubu nyulu-nyulu balka-l '-ji'-bu, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka wakuy milbi-ny: nganka-ji balka-l wunba ngundu, ngurrban-ji balka-l bayan nyaji, kubu-ji balka-l bama, jina-ji balka-l mayi, yala-da bama '-ji' nyaji-l-muny nyulu kariku yinil-ma-l jambul-ku | country itself speaks -ji-INST, old man arm showed: flower-COMIT says honey close.by, cloud-COMIT says shelter look!, smoke-COMIT says people, track-COMIT says food, so person -ji reading-of he never startled(INCHO) twice


english: Leave the anger outside — this is a food-with, story-with fire.
kuku: Kuli bawa ngalkalba, baya yanya mayi-ji kuku-jangkar-ji.
frame: everyday
words_used: []
loans_used: []
evidence: hearth rule in nine words
status: accepted
confidence: 0.95
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:20:39.525700+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:21:24.152719+00:00
analysis:
kuli bawa ngalkal-ba, baya yanya mayi-ji kuku-jangkar-ji | anger leave! outside-LOC, fire this food-COMIT story-COMIT


english: The road is stone-with up high and water-with down low; walk between the two.
kuku: Baral kulji-ji wangkara bana-ji badaba, jilba jambulba.
frame: everyday
words_used: []
loans_used: []
evidence: terrain reading; wangkar-a single-r LOC (scan catch)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:20:39.525700+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:21:24.152719+00:00
analysis:
baral kulji-ji wangkar-a bana-ji bada-ba, jilba jambul-ba | road stone-COMIT high-LOC water-COMIT low-LOC, walk! two-LOC(between)


frame: question
words_used: []
loans_used: []
evidence: the -ji confession
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:20:39.525700+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:21:24.152719+00:00
english:
Which little word would you keep, if you could keep only one? the girls teased, and the old woman said: the ji — because everything I love, I love with.

kuku:
Wanjaku kuku buban yundu karrbal, kaki nyubun nganga? jalbu-bubanangka yajarr-ji babajin, wulbumanangka balkan: '-ji', yamba wubulku ngayu wawu-manil, ngayu wawu-manil '-ji'-bu.

analysis:
wanjaku kuku buban yundu karrba-l, kaki nyubun nganga? jalbu-buban-angka yajarr-ji babaji-ny, wulbuman-angka balka-ny: '-ji', yamba wubul-ku ngayu wawu-ma-ni-l, ngayu wawu-ma-ni-l '-ji'-bu | which word little you keep, if one only? girls-ERG tease-COMIT asked, old.woman said: -ji, thing all I love, I love with-INST


frame: everyday
words_used: []
loans_used: []
evidence: capstone: life as COMIT-exchange
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:20:39.525700+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:21:24.152719+00:00
english:
We are born people-with and we leave story-with, and everything between is the slow trade of the one for the other.

kuku:
Ngana wandil bama-nji, ngana dungay kuku-jangkar-ji, yamba wubulku jambulba nyulu daji-way buban-buban nyubunmuny yindunka.

analysis:
ngana wandi-l bama-nji, ngana dunga-y kuku-jangkar-ji, yamba wubul-ku jambul-ba nyulu daji-way buban-buban nyubun-muny yindu-nka | we rise people-COMIT, we go story-COMIT, thing all two-LOC(between) it trade slow one-from other-DAT


english: Work the spear smooth tonight; we leave under the morning star.
kuku: Kalka murni wujurrba, ngana dungay kurrubijal badabada.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["kurrubijal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: pre-trip prep
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:29:33.720449+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:34:02.942882+00:00
analysis:
kalka murni wujurr-ba, ngana dunga-y kurrubijal badabada | spear work! night-LOC, we go morning.star beneath


frame: teaching
words_used: ["dikarra", "yinba", "yirrmba"]
loans_used: []
evidence: spear taxonomy FIRST USES
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:29:33.720449+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:34:02.942882+00:00
english:
Every spear has its own work, the old man opened the bundle: kalka for the fish, dikarra for war, yinba for the small water, yirrmba the many-toothed for the low tide — and the man who brings the wrong spear brings home a story instead of dinner.

kuku:
Kalka nyubun-nyubun murni-ji nyungu-nyungu-ji, mukulungku dingkarangka yinya ngalkal-bungan: kalka kuyunka, dikarra kuniwaynka, yinba bana-bubanka, yirrmba dirra-wubul-ji ngajalka, bama nyulu kalka mumbu wundil nyulu wundil bayanka kuku-jangkar, kari mayi.

analysis:
kalka nyubun-nyubun murni-ji nyungu-nyungu-ji, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka yinya ngalkal-bunga-ny: kalka kuyu-nka, dikarra kuniway-nka, yinba bana-buban-ka, yirrmba dirra-wubul-ji ngajal-ka, bama nyulu kalka mumbu wundi-l nyulu wundi-l bayan-ka kuku-jangkar, kari mayi | spear each work-COMIT own-COMIT, old man that opened(CAUS): fishing.spear fish-DAT, war.spear war-DAT, fish.spear water-small-DAT, pronged.spear teeth-many-COMIT low.tide-DAT, man he spear wrong carries he carries home-DAT story, NEG dinner


english: My hook is gone again! — This river is hook-rich and fish-poor this year.
kuku: Badur ngayku wulan baja! Wawubaja badur-ji wubul-ji kuyu-kari nyiku.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["badur"]
loans_used: []
evidence: badur hook FIRST USE
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:29:33.720449+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:34:02.942882+00:00
analysis:
badur ngayku wula-ny baja! wawubaja badur-ji wubul-ji kuyu-kari nyiku | hook my died(lost) again! river hook-COMIT many-COMIT fish-PRIV this.year


english: Hold the shield higher, little one — its work is to look after the head.
kuku: Kunjuri karrba wangkarku, bubanku, murni nyungu dukul kujinka.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["kunjuri"]
loans_used: []
evidence: kunjuri shield FIRST USE
status: revised
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:29:33.720449+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
analysis:
kunjuri karrba wangkar-ku, buban-ku, murni nyungu dukul kuji-nka | shield hold! high-DAT, little.one-DAT, work its head look.after-PURP


frame: teaching
words_used: ["balur", "mumal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: balur + mumal FIRST USES
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:29:33.720449+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:34:02.942882+00:00
english:
The woomera is the arm's second arm, the old man showed the throw: short wood, and the hand becomes long — the spear leaves the hand twice, and the second leaving is the one that feeds you.

kuku:
Balur nyulu wakuy jambulku wakuymuny, mukulungku dingkarangka mumal milbin: juku buban, mara kalbay-mal, kalka dungay maramuny jambulku, dungay jambulkubu nyulu yununy mayi-dayal.

analysis:
balur nyulu wakuy jambul-ku wakuy-muny, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka muma-l milbi-ny: juku buban, mara kalbay-ma-l, kalka dunga-y mara-muny jambul-ku, dunga-y jambul-ku-bu nyulu yununy mayi-daya-l | woomera it arm second-DAT arm-of, old man spear.throw showed: wood short, hand long-becomes, spear leaves hand-from twice, leaving second-ERG it you feeds


english: Who took my knife? Speak now, or carry water for a week.
kuku: Wanyabu naybu ngayku manin? Balka nyiku, yambada bana wundi wungar wubulkunka.
frame: question
words_used: []
loans_used: ["naybu"]
evidence: camp justice
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:29:33.720449+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:34:02.942882+00:00
analysis:
wanya-bu naybu ngayku mani-ny? balka nyiku, yambada bana wundi wungar wubul-ku-nka | who-ERG knife my took? speak! now, or water carry! day many-DAT


frame: narrative
words_used: ["wangal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: wangal boomerang FIRST USE
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:29:33.720449+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:34:02.942882+00:00
english:
Grandfather made a boomerang for the boy, and the boy threw it away and it came back, threw it away and it came back — and grandfather said: remember this wood; some given things return, the good ones.

kuku:
Kamingka wangal bungan bubanka, bubanbu yilban nyulu kadan baja, yilban baja nyulu kadan baja, kamingka balkan: milka-binal juku yanya, yamba dayanmuny nyubun-nyubun kaday baja, yamba yukil.

analysis:
kami-ngka wangal bunga-ny buban-ka, buban-bu yilba-ny nyulu kada-ny baja, yilba-ny baja nyulu kada-ny baja, kami-ngka balka-ny: milka-binal juku yanya, yamba daya-ny-muny nyubun-nyubun kada-y baja, yamba yukil | grandfather-ERG boomerang made boy-DAT, boy-ERG threw it came back, threw again it came back, grandfather-ERG said: remember! wood this, thing given some comes back, thing good


frame: question
words_used: ["warrbi"]
loans_used: []
evidence: tool-selection ethic
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:29:33.720449+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:34:02.942882+00:00
english:
Which axe for the honey tree? — The small one; the big axe is for dead wood, the small axe for living doors.

kuku:
Wanjaku warrbi juku wunbanka? Buban: warrbi yalbay jukunka wulanka, warrbi buban baral-ngandalka juranka.

analysis:
wanjaku warrbi juku wunba-nka? buban: warrbi yalbay juku-nka wula-nka, warrbi buban baral-ngandal-ka jura-nka | which axe tree honey-DAT? small: axe big wood-DAT dead-DAT, axe small door-DAT living-DAT


frame: teaching
words_used: ["karra"]
loans_used: []
evidence: rope-as-promise
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:29:33.720449+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:34:02.942882+00:00
english:
Rope is patience you can hold, the old woman rolled the bark on her thigh: one strand is a wish, two strands twisted together are a firm word, and a net of firm words feeds the whole camp.

kuku:
Karra nyulu wawu-karrba yundu karrbalmuny, wulbumanangka warrur murnin wabanga: karra nyubun nyulu wawu, karra jambul kajanmuny nyulu kuku-dandi, makarr kuku-dandi-muny nyulu bayan wubulku mayi-dayal.

analysis:
karra nyulu wawu-karrba yundu karrba-l-muny, wulbuman-angka warrur murni-ny waba-nga: karra nyubun nyulu wawu, karra jambul kaja-ny-muny nyulu kuku-dandi, makarr kuku-dandi-muny nyulu bayan wubul-ku mayi-daya-l | rope it patience you hold-of, old.woman bark worked thigh-LOC: strand one it wish, strand two tied-of it word-firm, net firm.word-of it camp whole feeds


english: The canoe is taking water again; pull it up on the sand and let it dry.
kuku: Marrakan bana manil baja, kulba wangkarku jukara, bawa marral-malka.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["marrakan"]
loans_used: []
evidence: marrakan FIRST USE (vindicated)
status: revised
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:29:33.720449+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
analysis:
marrakan bana mani-l baja, kulba wangkar-ku jukar-a, bawa marral-ma-nka | canoe water takes again, pull! up-DAT sand-LOC, leave! dry-become-PURP


english: Why two ropes on one canoe? — Because the sea has two moods.
kuku: Wanyurrinku karra jambul marrakanba nyubunba? Jalun nyulu wawu jambul-ji.
frame: question
words_used: ["marrakan"]
loans_used: []
evidence: sea-moods
status: accepted
confidence: 0.95
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:29:33.720449+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:34:02.942882+00:00
analysis:
wanyurrinku karra jambul marrakan-ba nyubun-ba? jalun nyulu wawu jambul-ji | why rope two canoe-LOC one-LOC? sea it mood two-COMIT


frame: teaching
words_used: ["wambaji"]
loans_used: []
evidence: tool-sharing ethic
status: accepted
confidence: 0.92
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:29:33.720449+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:34:02.942882+00:00
english:
A tool unshared grows dull twice, the old man passed the axe along the line: once at the edge, once at the heart — the blade gets good on work, and the maker gets good on thanks.

kuku:
Yamba-murni wambajin-kari mumbu-mal jambulku, mukulungku dingkarangka warrbi dayan baralburr: nyubun dirraba, nyubun wawuba, dirra yukil-mal murnibu, bunga-bama yukil-mal yulmbarrilbu.

analysis:
yamba-murni wambaji-ny-kari mumbu-ma-l jambul-ku, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka warrbi daya-ny baral-burr: nyubun dirra-ba, nyubun wawu-ba, dirra yukil-ma-l murni-bu, bunga-bama yukil-ma-l yulmbarri-l-bu | tool shared-less bad-becomes twice, old man axe gave line-PERL: once edge-LOC, once heart-LOC, edge good-becomes work-INST, maker good-becomes thanks-INST


english: Careful with the pronged spear — its teeth bite the careless hand first of all.
kuku: Miyil-ji yirrmba-ji, dirrabu mara miyil-kari bakal ngadiku-ngurr.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["yirrmba"]
loans_used: []
evidence: tool-safety; TEMP3
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:29:33.720449+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:34:02.942882+00:00
analysis:
miyil-ji yirrmba-ji, dirra-bu mara miyil-kari baka-l ngadiku-ngurr | careful pronged.spear-COMIT, teeth-ERG hand eye-PRIV bites first-TEMP3


frame: narrative
words_used: ["juki"]
loans_used: []
evidence: juki chook FIRST USE
status: revised
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:29:33.720449+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:07:49.482828+00:00
english:
The first spear the boy made flew like a frightened chook, and the camp laughed for two days, and the second one ran the right road — shame is a fast teacher with a soft hand.

kuku:
Kalka ngadiku bubanbu bunganmuny warrin yala juki yinil-ji, bayan yajarr-man wungar jambulku, jambulkubu warrin baralba yukilba, milka-murruji nyulu milbil-bama warri mara kima-ji.

analysis:
kalka ngadiku buban-bu bunga-ny-muny warri-ny yala juki yinil-ji, bayan yajarr-ma-ny wungar jambul-ku, jambul-ku-bu warri-ny baral-ba yukil-ba, milka-murruji nyulu milbil-bama warri mara kima-ji | spear first boy-ERG made-of flew like chook fear-COMIT, camp laughed day two-DAT, second-ERG ran road-LOC right-LOC, being.ashamed it teacher fast hand soft-COMIT


english: Give me your woomera for a day; mine cracked at the spear-fight.
kuku: Balur yundumuny daya wungar nyubunku, ngaykumuny dumbarrin damawayba.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["balur", "damaway"]
loans_used: []
evidence: damaway FIRST USE
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:29:33.720449+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:34:02.942882+00:00
analysis:
balur yundu-muny daya wungar nyubun-ku, ngayku-muny dumbarri-ny damaway-ba | woomera your give! day one-DAT, mine cracked spear.fight-LOC


english: What makes a good club? — The hand that will hold it; shape it against that hand.
kuku: Wanyu mirru yukil bungal? Mara karrbalmuny: bunga maranka yinyanka.
frame: question
words_used: ["mirru"]
loans_used: []
evidence: mirru club FIRST USE
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:29:33.720449+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:34:02.942882+00:00
analysis:
wanyu mirru yukil bunga-l? mara karrba-l-muny: bunga mara-nka yinya-nka | what club good makes? hand hold-of: shape! hand-DAT that-DAT


english: The children are making little canoes from bark and racing them down the creek.
kuku: Karrkay-karrkaybu marrakan buban bungal warrurmuny, jana warri-bungal wawubajaburr.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["marrakan"]
loans_used: []
evidence: play-craft; PERL
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:29:33.720449+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:34:02.942882+00:00
analysis:
karrkay-karrkay-bu marrakan buban bunga-l warrur-muny, jana warri-bunga-l wawubaja-burr | children-ERG canoe little make bark-from, they race(run-CAUS) creek-PERL


frame: teaching
words_used: ["biyul", "jinil", "wulburr"]
loans_used: []
evidence: spear anatomy FIRST USES
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:29:33.720449+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:34:02.942882+00:00
english:
Name the whole spear, the old man quizzed the boys: biyul the head, jinil the barb, wulburr the shaft, the binding string — for the hunter who knows the parts can mend in the dark.

kuku:
Kunja kalka wubulku, mukulungku dingkarangka buban-buban babajin: biyul dukul, jinil dirra, wulburr bangkarr, karra kajanmuny, balbi-bama nyulu yamba-daji binal nyulu murnil wujurrba.

analysis:
kunja kalka wubul-ku, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka buban-buban babaji-ny: biyul dukul, jinil dirra, wulburr bangkarr, karra kaja-ny-muny, balbi-bama nyulu yamba-daji binal nyulu murni-l wujurr-ba | name! spear whole, old man boys quizzed: spear.head head, barb tooth, shaft body, string tied-of, hunter he part knows he works dark-LOC


english: That knife-spear stays in the shelter until your arms grow into it.
kuku: Yingkan janay bayanba yundu wakuy yalbay-manyjiku.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["yingkan"]
loans_used: []
evidence: yingkan FIRST USE; SUCC
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:29:33.720449+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:34:02.942882+00:00
analysis:
yingkan jana-y bayan-ba yundu wakuy yalbay-ma-nyjiku | knife.spear stands shelter-LOC you arm big-become-SUCC


frame: narrative
words_used: []
loans_used: []
evidence: tool-as-memory; juku-ngu u-LOC (scan catch)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:29:33.720449+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:34:02.942882+00:00
english:
The old woman's digging wood was worn to half itself, and she refused every new one: this one knows where the yams hide, she said — and the young ones suspected the knowledge lived in her, not in the wood, and both spoke true.

kuku:
Juku bakalmuny wulbumanmuny buban-man murnimuny, nyulu kariku manin jirakal: yanya binal wanja juwal ngakijil, nyulu balkan, warrubu milkabu baykan binal nyulu bamanga janay, kari jukungu, jambul balkan yukil.

analysis:
juku baka-l-muny wulbuman-muny buban-ma-ny murni-muny, nyulu kariku mani-ny jirakal: yanya binal wanja juwal ngakiji-l, nyulu balka-ny, warru-bu milkabu bayka-ny binal nyulu bama-nga jana-y, kari juku-ngu, jambul balka-ny yukil | wood digging-of old.woman-of small-became work-from, she never took new: this knows where yam hides, she said, young-ERG thought knowledge it person-LOC stands, NEG wood-LOC, both spoke true


english: Hook or spear for this water? — Hook; the fish here have already seen too many shadows.
kuku: Badur yambada kalka bananka yanyanka? Badur: kuyubu wabarr wubulku nyajin ngadiku.
frame: question
words_used: ["badur"]
loans_used: []
evidence: method-selection
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:29:33.720449+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:34:02.942882+00:00
analysis:
badur yambada kalka bana-nka yanya-nka? badur: kuyu-bu wabarr wubul-ku nyaji-ny ngadiku | hook or spear water-DAT this-DAT? hook: fish-ERG shadow many seen already


english: A borrowed tool comes home clean, or the road between the camps grows long.
kuku: Yamba-murni maninmuny kaday baja julurrinmuny, yambada baral bayan-jambulmuny kalbay-mal.
frame: everyday
words_used: []
loans_used: []
evidence: borrowing law
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:29:33.720449+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:34:02.942882+00:00
analysis:
yamba-murni mani-ny-muny kada-y baja julurri-ny-muny, yambada baral bayan-jambul-muny kalbay-ma-l | tool taken-of comes back washed-of, or road camp-two-of long-becomes


english: This bag carries more than it looks — grandmother tied hidden knowledge into it.
kuku: Balji yanya wundil wubul-baja nyajilmuny, babingka binal ngakijinmuny kajan yinyaka.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["balji"]
loans_used: []
evidence: craft-secret; DEG2
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:32:21.600534+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:34:02.942882+00:00
analysis:
balji yanya wundi-l wubul-baja nyaji-l-muny, babi-ngka binal ngakiji-ny-muny kaja-ny yinya-ka | bag this carries more-DEG2 looking-of, grandmother-ERG knowledge hidden-of tied that-DAT


english: Don't leave the axe in the rain; the wood swells and the edge goes bad.
kuku: Kari warrbi bawa kabanga: juku yalbay-mal, dirra mumbu-mal.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["warrbi"]
loans_used: []
evidence: tool care; INCHO pair; nine words
status: accepted
confidence: 0.95
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:32:21.600534+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:34:02.942882+00:00
analysis:
kari warrbi bawa kaba-nga: juku yalbay-ma-l, dirra mumbu-ma-l | NEG axe leave! rain-LOC: wood big-becomes, edge bad-becomes


english: Whose spear is this at my door? — Mine, uncle; I came to ask for your help.
frame: question
words_used: ["kalnga"]
loans_used: []
evidence: visit protocol; spear-at-door custom
status: revised
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:32:21.600534+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
kuku:
Wanyamuny kalka yanya baral-ngandalba ngaykumunyba? Ngaykumuny, kalnga: ngayu kadan, mara-daji babajinka.

analysis:
wanya-muny kalka yanya baral-ngandal-ba ngayku-muny-ba? ngayku-muny, kalnga: ngayu kada-ny, mara-daji babaji-nka | whose spear this door-LOC my-LOC? mine, uncle: I came, help ask-PURP


english: Two more strands and this net is finished; then we eat.
kuku: Karra jambul baja, makarr yanya kunbay-mal, yalada ngana nukal.
frame: everyday
words_used: []
loans_used: []
evidence: ten words; work-then-food
status: accepted
confidence: 0.95
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:32:21.600534+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:34:02.942882+00:00
analysis:
karra jambul baja, makarr yanya kunba-y-ma-l, yala-da ngana nuka-l | strand two more, net this finished-becomes, then we eat


frame: teaching
words_used: ["wangal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: maker's detachment ethic
status: accepted
confidence: 0.92
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:32:21.600534+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:34:02.942882+00:00
english:
The maker owns the making, not the made, the old man let the boomerang go: your hands keep the knowing, the thing walks its own road — make well and let go easily; that is the maker's whole law.

kuku:
Bunga-bamabu karrbal bungal, kari yamba bunganmuny, mukulungku dingkarangka wangal dayan kala-kalbay: marabu yundumuny binal karrbal, yambabu baral nyungu-nyungu jilbal, bunga yukilbu, daya kimabu, yinya kuku wubulku bunga-bamamuny.

analysis:
bunga-bama-bu karrba-l bunga-l, kari yamba bunga-ny-muny, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka wangal daya-ny kala-kalbay: mara-bu yundu-muny binal karrba-l, yamba-bu baral nyungu-nyungu jilba-l, bunga yukil-bu, daya kima-bu, yinya kuku wubul-ku bunga-bama-muny | maker-ERG holds making, NEG thing made-of, old man boomerang gave far.away: hand-ERG your knowledge holds, thing-ERG road own walks, make! well-INST, give! soft-INST, that law whole maker-of


frame: narrative
words_used: ["dikarra"]
loans_used: []
evidence: peace-generation row; wanjarrinya how-heavy
status: revised
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:32:21.600534+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
The war spears slept a whole generation in the shelter roof, and the old man took them down only once — to show the boys how heavy they were, and how happy he was that his arms had forgotten the weight.

kuku:
Dikarra wunan bayan-dukulba wawu wubulku, mukulungku dingkarangka jana manin badaku nyubunbu nganga: buban-buban milbinka jana wanjarrinya dandi, nyulu wawu-mini bajaku wakuybu nyungubu dandi milka-wulanya.

analysis:
dikarra wuna-ny bayan-dukul-ba wawu wubul-ku, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka jana mani-ny bada-ku nyubun-bu nganga: buban-buban milbi-nka jana wanjarrinya dandi, nyulu wawu-mini bajaku wakuy-bu nyungu-bu dandi milka-wula-nya | war.spear slept shelter-head-LOC life whole, old man them took down once only: boys show-PURP they how.heavy, he glad very arm-ERG his-ERG weight forget-SUB


english: How many teeth on the pronged spear? — Four, like the fingers of a closed hand.
kuku: Wanjarrinya dirra yirrmbanga? Jambul-jambul, yala birri maramuny nandajinmuny.
frame: question
words_used: ["yirrmba"]
loans_used: []
evidence: nine words; four as closed hand
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:32:21.600534+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:34:02.942882+00:00
analysis:
wanjarrinya dirra yirrmba-nga? jambul-jambul, yala birri mara-muny nanda-ji-ny-muny | how.many teeth pronged.spear-LOC? four, like finger hand-of closed-of


english: This wood splits clean; that one fights back — listen to the first blow, then choose.
kuku: Juku yanya dumbarril yukilbu, yinya bakal muku: milka-janay jurrnga ngadiku, yalada mana.
frame: everyday
words_used: []
loans_used: []
evidence: material selection by ear (052.13 heir)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:32:21.600534+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:34:02.942882+00:00
analysis:
juku yanya dumbarri-l yukil-bu, yinya baka-l muku: milka-jana-y jurrnga ngadiku, yala-da mana | wood this splits well-INST, that bites back: listen! blow first, then take!


frame: teaching
words_used: ["marrakan"]
loans_used: []
evidence: three-promise hull row; punchline
status: revised
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:32:21.600534+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
A canoe is a promise between wood and water, the old woman spoke over the new hull: the wood promises to hold, the water promises to carry, the paddler promises to respect them both — and when one promise breaks, all three swim.

kuku:
Marrakan nyulu kuku-dandi jukumuny bananka, wulbumanangka balkan marrakan jirakalba: jukubu kuku-dandi dayal karrbanka, banabu kuku-dandi dayal wundinka, bamabu kuku-dandi dayal jambul kujinka, kaki kuku-dandi nyubun dumbarril, kulur wubulku maraji.

analysis:
marrakan nyulu kuku-dandi juku-muny bana-nka, wulbuman-angka balka-ny marrakan jirakal-ba: juku-bu kuku-dandi daya-l karrba-nka, bana-bu kuku-dandi daya-l wundi-nka, bama-bu kuku-dandi daya-l jambul kuji-nka, kaki kuku-dandi nyubun dumbarri-l, kulur wubul-ku maraji-y | canoe it firm.word wood-from water-DAT, old.woman spoke canoe new-LOC: wood-ERG promise gives hold-PURP, water-ERG promise gives carry-PURP, person-ERG promise gives both respect-PURP, if promise one breaks, three all swim


english: Put the tools back where the hands expect them — the night has no eyes.
kuku: Yamba-murni yijarri baja wanja mara binal, wujurr miyil-kari.
frame: everyday
words_used: []
loans_used: []
evidence: ten words; camp order
status: accepted
confidence: 0.95
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:32:21.600534+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:34:02.942882+00:00
analysis:
yamba-murni yijarri baja wanja mara binal, wujurr miyil-kari | tools put! back where hand knows, night eye-PRIV


frame: question
words_used: ["jinkurr"]
loans_used: []
evidence: maker's day report; sibling economics
status: revised
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:32:21.600534+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
english:
What did you make today? — A digging stick for mother, and a smaller one for my little sister, so she leaves mother's one alone.

kuku:
Wanyu yundu bungan nyiku? Juku bakalmuny ngamunka, buban-baja jinkurrku ngaykumunyku, nyulu ngamumuny bawanka.

analysis:
wanyu yundu bunga-ny nyiku? juku baka-l-muny ngamu-nka, buban-baja jinkurr-ku ngayku-muny-ku, nyulu ngamu-muny bawa-nka | what you made today? wood digging-of mother-DAT, smaller-DEG2 sister-DAT my-DAT, she mother's leave-PURP


english: The rope has grown thin where it holds the branch — bind it with new bark today, not tomorrow.
kuku: Karra bala-man wanja nyulu dakil karrbal: kaja warrur jirakalbu nyiku, kari wunkuny.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["bala"]
loans_used: []
evidence: preventive maintenance; bala thin (moon-word reused)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:32:21.600534+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:34:02.942882+00:00
analysis:
karra bala-ma-ny wanja nyulu dakil karrba-l: kaja warrur jirakal-bu nyiku, kari wunkuny | rope thin-became where it branch holds: bind! bark new-INST today, NEG tomorrow


frame: teaching
words_used: []
loans_used: []
evidence: mastery-before-shortcuts; TEMP3+SUCC
status: accepted
confidence: 0.92
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:32:21.600534+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:34:02.942882+00:00
english:
Learn the lazy road last, the old man surprised them: first do it the long way many times, until the tool trusts you — then the short roads introduce themselves, and only then are they short roads and not waiting pain.

kuku:
Binal-ma baral warri badaku, mukulungku dingkarangka jana yinil-man: murni-ngurr baral kalbaybu wubulkubu, yamba-murni yununka dandi-manyjiku, yalada baral buban nyulu-nyulu milbil, yalada nganga jana baral buban yukil, kari kaka janaynya.

analysis:
binal-ma baral warri bada-ku, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka jana yinil-ma-ny: murni-ngurr baral kalbay-bu wubul-ku-bu, yamba-murni yunu-nka dandi-ma-nyjiku, yala-da baral buban nyulu-nyulu milbi-l, yala-da nganga jana baral buban yukil, kari kaka jana-y-nya | learn! road fast last-DAT, old man them surprised: work-FIRST road long-INST many-INST, tool you-DAT firm-become-SUCC, then road short itself shows, then only they road short good, NEG pain wait-SUB


english: Whose turn to carry the axe? It bites the back after the third climb.
kuku: Wanyamuny jinanji warrbi wundinka? Nyulu muku bakal dakal kulurmuny.
frame: question
words_used: ["warrbi"]
loans_used: []
evidence: trail rotation; ten words
status: revised
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:32:21.600534+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
analysis:
wanya-muny jina-nji warrbi wundi-nka? nyulu muku baka-l daka-l kulur-muny | whose turn-COMIT axe carry-PURP? it back bites climb three-after


frame: narrative
words_used: ["jalungkarr", "nganja"]
loans_used: []
evidence: loss-into-craft; river-has-taste joke
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:32:21.600534+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:34:02.942882+00:00
english:
The flood took the good canoe and left the leaky one, and the old man laughed at the river: you have taste! — and he built a better one out of the lesson.

kuku:
Jalungkarrbu marrakan yukil manin, bawan mumbunmuny, mukulungku dingkarangka wawubajanka yajarr-man: yundu nganja-ji! — nyulu bungan yukil-baja binalmuny.

analysis:
jalungkarr-bu marrakan yukil mani-ny, bawa-ny mumbu-ny-muny, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka wawubaja-nka yajarr-ma-ny: yundu nganja-ji! — nyulu bunga-ny yukil-baja binal-muny | flood-ERG canoe good took, left bad-of, old man river-DAT laughed: you taste-COMIT! — he built better-DEG2 lesson-from


english: Little hands make bad spears, and bad spears make good hands — let him work the wood.
kuku: Mara bubanbu kalka mumbu bungal, kalka mumbubu mara yukil bungal, bawa nyulu murninka.
frame: everyday
words_used: []
loans_used: []
evidence: chiasmus; apprenticeship ethic
status: revised
confidence: 0.95
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:32:21.600534+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
analysis:
mara buban-bu kalka mumbu bunga-l, kalka mumbu-bu mara yukil bunga-l, bawa nyulu murni-nka | hand little-ERG spear bad makes, spear bad-ERG hand good makes, leave! him work-PURP


frame: question
words_used: ["balur"]
loans_used: []
evidence: thrower/thrown; tool philosophy
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:32:21.600534+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:34:02.942882+00:00
english:
Why does the woomera stay when the spears go? — Because the thrower comes home; the thrown does its work out there.

kuku:
Wanyurrinku balur janay kalka dunganya? Yilbal-bama kaday baja: yilbanmuny murni nyungu murnil kala-kalbay.

analysis:
wanyurrinku balur jana-y kalka dunga-nya? yilba-l-bama kada-y baja: yilba-ny-muny murni nyungu murni-l kala-kalbay | why woomera stays spear go-SUB? thrower comes back: thrown-of work its does far.away


english: Wet-weather work: mend the nets, roll string, tell the tool stories.
kuku: Murni kabamuny: makarr murni, karra waba, kuku-jangkar yamba-murnimuny balka.
frame: everyday
words_used: []
loans_used: []
evidence: ten words; rainy-day list
status: accepted
confidence: 0.95
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:32:21.600534+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:34:02.942882+00:00
analysis:
murni kaba-muny: makarr murni, karra waba, kuku-jangkar yamba-murni-muny balka | work rain-of: net mend!, string roll!, story tool-of tell!


frame: teaching
words_used: ["nyurrbal", "dimbirr"]
loans_used: []
evidence: heirloom grinder; hands-across-lifetimes
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:32:21.600534+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:34:02.942882+00:00
english:
Every tool is a quiet teacher, the old woman handed down her grandmother's grinding stone: the hollow is her hand's memory, the smoothness is her patience, and when you work with it you are holding hands across four lifetimes.

kuku:
Yamba-murni nyubun-nyubun milbil-bama wunbu, wulbumanangka kulji nyurrbalmuny babimuny dayan: dimbirr nyulu milka-binal maramuny nyungu, kima nyulu wawu-karrba nyungu, kaki yundu murnil yinyabu yundu mara karrbal wawu jambul-jambulburr.

analysis:
yamba-murni nyubun-nyubun milbil-bama wunbu, wulbuman-angka kulji nyurrba-l-muny babi-muny daya-ny: dimbirr nyulu milka-binal mara-muny nyungu, kima nyulu wawu-karrba nyungu, kaki yundu murni-l yinya-bu yundu mara karrba-l wawu jambul-jambul-burr | tool every teacher quiet, old.woman stone grinding-of grandmother-of gave: hollow it memory hand-of her, smoothness it patience her, when you work that-INST you hand hold life four-PERL


english: Count the hooks before we leave the water — the river keeps what we forget.
kuku: Badur kunja bana bawanka ngadiku: wawubajabu karrbal yamba ngana milka-wulalmuny.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["badur"]
loans_used: []
evidence: kit discipline; river-keeps-what-we-forget
status: revised
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:32:21.600534+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T11:30:16.518750+00:00
analysis:
badur kunja bana bawa-nka ngadiku: wawubaja-bu karrba-l yamba ngana milka-wula-l-muny | hook count! water leave-PURP before: river-ERG keeps thing we forget-of


english: Can I use the big axe now? — When you can carry it all day and still laugh at sunset.
kuku: Ngayu warrbi yalbay manil nyiku? Kaki yundu wundil wungar wubulku, yajarr-mal baja wungar-daraymba.
frame: question
words_used: ["warrbi"]
loans_used: []
evidence: readiness test; sunset-laugh criterion
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:32:21.600534+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:34:02.942882+00:00
analysis:
ngayu warrbi yalbay mani-l nyiku? kaki yundu wundi-l wungar wubul-ku, yajarr-ma-l baja wungar-daray-mba | I axe big take now? when you carry day whole, laugh(INCHO) still sunset-LOC


english: The shield wears its spear-marks like a proud face — do not scrape them away.
kuku: Kunjuri muji-ji yala walu junkurr-ji, kari jana yurrika.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["muji", "kunjuri"]
loans_used: []
evidence: muji spear-marks FIRST USE; scars-as-honour
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:32:21.600534+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:34:02.942882+00:00
analysis:
kunjuri muji-ji yala walu junkurr-ji, kari jana yurri-ka | shield spear.mark-COMIT like face strong-COMIT, NEG them scrape!


frame: everyday
words_used: []
loans_used: []
evidence: capstone chain: tools->hands->children
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:32:21.600534+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:34:02.942882+00:00
english:
We shape the tools, and then the tools shape the hands, and the hands shape the children watching — so carve kindly.

kuku:
Ngana yamba-murni bungal, yalada yamba-murnibu mara bungal, marabu karrkay nyajilmuny bungal, yalada bunga kimabu.

analysis:
ngana yamba-murni bunga-l, yala-da yamba-murni-bu mara bunga-l, mara-bu karrkay nyaji-l-muny bunga-l, yala-da bunga kima-bu | we tools shape, then tool-ERG hand shapes, hand-ERG child watching-of shapes, so shape! soft-INST


english: You two go ahead; we two will follow with the bags.
kuku: Yubal dungay ngadiku-ngurr, ngali wukurril balji-ji.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["yubal", "ngali"]
loans_used: []
evidence: 2du vs 1du in seven words
status: accepted
confidence: 0.95
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:39:54.982059+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:44:07.224116+00:00
analysis:
yubal dunga-y ngadiku-ngurr, ngali wukurri-l balji-ji | you.two go first-TEMP3, we.two follow bag-COMIT


english: Those two found the honey, so those two share it out — the finding hand, the sharing law.
kuku: Bula wunba manin, yalada bula wambajil: mara maninmuny, kuku wambajinmuny.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["bula", "wambaji"]
loans_used: []
evidence: 3du bula FIRST USE (2581)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:39:54.982059+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:44:07.224116+00:00
analysis:
bula wunba mani-ny, yala-da bula wambaji-l: mara mani-ny-muny, kuku wambaji-ny-muny | they.two honey found, so they.two share.out: hand finding-of, law sharing-of


frame: teaching
words_used: ["ngali", "ngaliny"]
loans_used: []
evidence: inclusive/exclusive 1du meta-row — ngaliny FIRST USE (2581)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:39:54.982059+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:44:07.224116+00:00
english:
Kuku Yalanji has two we-twos, the old man taught the visitor: ngali is me-and-him — you stand outside it — and ngaliny is me-and-you, nobody outside; so listen for the little ny: it tells you whether you are inside the word or outside it.

kuku:
Kuku Yalanjibu 'ngali' jambul karrbal, mukulungku dingkarangka ngarrbal milbin: 'ngali' nyulu ngayu-nyulu, yundu ngalkalba janay, 'ngaliny' nyulu ngayu-yundu, bama-kari ngalkalba, yalada milka-janay 'ny'-ka bubanka: nyulubu balkal yundu kuku dukurrba yambada ngalkalba.

analysis:
kuku Yalanji-bu 'ngali' jambul karrba-l, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka ngarrbal milbi-ny: 'ngali' nyulu ngayu-nyulu, yundu ngalkal-ba jana-y, 'ngaliny' nyulu ngayu-yundu, bama-kari ngalkal-ba, yala-da milka-jana-y 'ny'-ka buban-ka: nyulu-bu balka-l yundu kuku dukurr-ba yambada ngalkal-ba | language-ERG ngali two holds, old man visitor taught: ngali it me-and-him, you outside stand, ngaliny it me-and-you, nobody outside, so listen! ny-DAT little-DAT: it-ERG says you word inside-LOC or outside-LOC


english: We — not you — will take the canoe; you all wait at the crossing.
kuku: Nganjin marrakan manil, yurra janay bana-baralba.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["nganjin", "yurra"]
loans_used: []
evidence: 1pl.EXC nganjin + 2pl yurra FIRST USES (2582, 4416)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.95
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:39:54.982059+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:44:07.224116+00:00
analysis:
nganjin marrakan mani-l, yurra jana-y bana-baral-ba | we.PL.EXC canoe take, you.all wait crossing-LOC


english: Is this yours or mine? — Ours, little one; that word ends most fights.
kuku: Yanya yunumuny yambada ngaykumuny? Nganamuny, bubanku: kukubu yinyabu kuniway wubulku kunbay-manil.
frame: question
words_used: []
loans_used: []
evidence: POSS triangle; 'ours' as peacemaker
status: accepted
confidence: 0.95
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:39:54.982059+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:44:07.224116+00:00
analysis:
yanya yunu-muny yambada ngayku-muny? ngana-muny, buban-ku: kuku-bu yinya-bu kuniway wubul-ku kunba-y-mani-l | this yours or mine? ours(INC), little.one-DAT: word-ERG that-ERG fight many finishes


kuku: Wulbumanangka babarr-jinkurr nyajin, balkan bulanka: wanyu yubal bungal, yubal murnil baja.
frame: teaching
words_used: ["yubal", "bulanka"]
loans_used: []
evidence: 2du address via 3du DAT frame
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:39:54.982059+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:44:07.224116+00:00
english:
The old woman watched the two sisters and said to them both: what you two build, you two must also mend.

analysis:
wulbuman-angka babarr-jinkurr nyaji-ny, balka-ny bula-nka: wanyu yubal bunga-l, yubal murni-l baja | old.woman sister-pair watched, said they.two-DAT: what you.two build, you.two mend also


english: Come with us! — With you-all I would go anywhere; with the grumbler, not even to the near tree.
kuku: Kaday ngananji! Yurranji ngayu dungay wanjaka baja, bamanji kuli-ji kariku jukuku ngunduku.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["ngananji", "yurranji"]
loans_used: []
evidence: pronoun COMIT cells (2582) — corrects 054's over-caution; du/pl pronoun COMIT IS attested
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:39:54.982059+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:44:07.224116+00:00
analysis:
kada-y ngana-nji! yurra-nji ngayu dunga-y wanja-ka baja, bama-nji kuli-ji kariku juku-ku ngundu-ku | come! us-COMIT! you.all-COMIT I go where-DAT even, person anger-COMIT-COMIT:pt never tree-DAT near-DAT


english: Whose footprints are these? — Theirs; ours turn off at the big tree.
kuku: Wanyamuny jina yanya? Janamuny: nganamuny murnil jukuba yalbayba.
frame: question
words_used: []
loans_used: []
evidence: POSS contrast in nine words
status: accepted
confidence: 0.95
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:39:54.982059+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:44:07.224116+00:00
analysis:
wanya-muny jina yanya? jana-muny: ngana-muny murni-l juku-ba yalbay-ba | whose track this? theirs: ours turns tree-LOC big-LOC


english: He hurt himself with his own knife — the careless one's nearest fight is himself.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["nyulu-nyulu"]
loans_used: ["naybu"]
evidence: reflexive self + own-INST
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:39:54.982059+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:44:07.224116+00:00
kuku:
Nyulu nyulu-nyulu baykan naybubu nyungu-nyungubu: bama miyil-karimuny kuniway ngundu bajaku nyulu-nyulu.

analysis:
nyulu nyulu-nyulu bayka-ny naybu-bu nyungu-nyungu-bu: bama miyil-kari-muny kuniway ngundu bajaku nyulu-nyulu | he himself hurt knife-INST own-INST: person careless-of fight near most himself


english: You two and those two carry the net; the rest of us sing the hauling song.
kuku: Yubal bulanji makarr wundil, ngana bawanmuny wulngku badil kulbanka.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["bulanji"]
loans_used: []
evidence: 3du COMIT cell; work-song row
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:39:54.982059+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:44:07.224116+00:00
analysis:
yubal bula-nji makarr wundi-l, ngana bawa-ny-muny wulngku badi-l kulba-nka | you.two they.two-COMIT net carry, we left-of song sing haul-PURP


english: My name is my mother's gift; your name is your grandfather's road — carry them clean.
kuku: Burri ngayku daji ngamumuny, burri yunu baral kamimuny: wundi jana yukilbu.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["burri"]
loans_used: []
evidence: burri 'name' in service same cycle as its vindication
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:39:54.982059+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:44:07.224116+00:00
analysis:
burri ngayku daji ngamu-muny, burri yunu baral kami-muny: wundi jana yukil-bu | name my gift mother-of, name your road grandfather-of: carry! them clean(good)-INST


english: Who is coming to the fire tonight? — All of you, both of them, and me: the whole word-family.
kuku: Wanya kaday bayaka wujurrba? Yurra wubulku, bula jambul, ngayu baja: jawun-karra kukumuny wubulku.
frame: question
words_used: ["yurra", "bula"]
loans_used: []
evidence: paradigm roll-call
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:39:54.982059+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:44:07.224116+00:00
analysis:
wanya kada-y baya-ka wujurr-ba? yurra wubul-ku, bula jambul, ngayu baja: jawun-karra kuku-muny wubul-ku | who comes fire-DAT night-LOC? you.all, they.two both, me too: family word-of whole


english: She keeps her own counsel: her fire, her words, and her silence too — she guards what is her own.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["nyulu-nyulu"]
loans_used: []
evidence: privacy ethic; POSS ladder
status: revised
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:39:54.982059+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T10:14:40.074257+00:00
kuku:
Nyulubu kuku nyungu-nyungu karrbal: baya nyungu, kuku nyungu, wunbu nyungu baja, nyungu-nyungu kuji.

analysis:
nyulu-bu kuku nyungu-nyungu karrba-l: baya nyungu, kuku nyungu, wunbu nyungu baja, nyungu-nyungu kuji | she-ERG counsel own holds: fire her, words her, silence her too, edge self-of look.after!


english: We — you included — dug this waterhole, so we — you included — own its care.
kuku: Ngana bana-dimbirr yanya bakan, yalada ngana kujil baja.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["ngana"]
loans_used: []
evidence: INC 'we' as responsibility grammar
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:39:54.982059+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:44:07.224116+00:00
analysis:
ngana bana-dimbirr yanya baka-ny, yala-da ngana kuji-l baja | we.INC waterhole this dug, so we.INC look.after also


english: I saw you two at the low tide — both bags full!
kuku: Ngayu yubaliny nyajin ngajalba, balji jambul jakal-ji!
frame: everyday
words_used: ["yubaliny"]
loans_used: []
evidence: 2du ACC cell (2581); eight words
status: accepted
confidence: 0.95
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:39:54.982059+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:44:07.224116+00:00
analysis:
ngayu yubaliny nyaji-ny ngajal-ba, balji jambul jakal-ji | I you.two.ACC saw low.tide-LOC, bag two full-COMIT


english: They named the baby for the grandmother, so now two people answer when one name is called out.
kuku: Jana ngawanka burri dayan babimuny, yalada nyiku bama jambul balkal baja burri nyubun yirrkanya.
frame: narrative
words_used: ["burri"]
loans_used: []
evidence: namesake row; SUB when-called
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:39:54.982059+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:44:07.224116+00:00
analysis:
jana ngawa-nka burri daya-ny babi-muny, yala-da nyiku bama jambul balka-l baja burri nyubun yirrka-nya | they baby-DAT name gave grandmother-of, so now person two answer both name one call-SUB


english: Talk to them, not about them — the ear grows where the word points.
kuku: Balka jananka, kari janamuny: milka yalbay-mal wanja kuku milbil.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["jananka"]
loans_used: []
evidence: 3pl DAT cell; ten words
status: accepted
confidence: 0.95
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:39:54.982059+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:44:07.224116+00:00
analysis:
balka jana-nka, kari jana-muny: milka yalbay-ma-l wanja kuku milbi-l | talk! them-DAT, NEG them-about: ear big-becomes where word points


english: Which of you two broke the spear? — We both did: he bent it, and I watched and said nothing.
kuku: Wanya yubalmuny kalka dumbarrin? Ngali jambul: nyulu murnin, ngayu nyajin kari balkan.
frame: question
words_used: ["yubal", "ngali"]
loans_used: []
evidence: shared-guilt confession; witness liability
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:39:54.982059+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:44:07.224116+00:00
analysis:
wanya yubal-muny kalka dumbarri-ny? ngali jambul: nyulu murni-ny, ngayu nyaji-ny kari balka-ny | who you.two-of spear broke? we.two both: he bent, I watched NEG spoke


english: Your country and my country drink from the same cloud — cousin-words, cousin-lands.
kuku: Bubu yunu bubu ngayku bana nukal ngurrbanmuny nyubunmuny: kuku-jawun, bubu-jawun.
frame: everyday
words_used: []
loans_used: []
evidence: POSS pair; shared-cloud image
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:39:54.982059+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:44:07.224116+00:00
analysis:
bubu yunu bubu ngayku bana nuka-l ngurrban-muny nyubun-muny: kuku-jawun, bubu-jawun | country your country my water drinks cloud-from one-from: word-cousin, land-cousin


frame: narrative
words_used: ["bula", "balka-way"]
loans_used: []
evidence: 3du lifetime row; RECIP; argument-as-bond
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:39:54.982059+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:44:07.224116+00:00
english:
Those two old men argued for a whole lifetime about one fishing spot, and when one died the other stopped going there — the argument was the friendship.

kuku:
Bula mukul balka-wan wawu wubulku bana-nyubunmuny, nyubun wulanya yindubu kariku dungan baja yinyaka: balka-way nyulu jawun jambulmuny.

analysis:
bula mukul balka-wa-ny wawu wubul-ku bana-nyubun-muny, nyubun wula-nya yindu-bu kariku dunga-ny baja yinya-ka: balka-way nyulu jawun jambul-muny | they.two old argued(RECIP) life whole water-one-about, one die-SUB other-ERG never went back there-DAT: arguing it friendship two-of


english: Count the people before the crossing and after it — the river takes the uncounted first of all.
frame: everyday
words_used: []
loans_used: []
evidence: headcount law; PRIV-of-participle
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:39:54.982059+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:44:07.224116+00:00
kuku:
Kunja jawun-karra bana-baral ngadiku badaku baja: wawubajabu bama kunjanmuny-kari manil ngadiku-ngurr.

analysis:
kunja jawun-karra bana-baral ngadiku bada-ku baja: wawubaja-bu bama kunja-ny-muny-kari mani-l ngadiku-ngurr | count! family crossing before after-DAT too: river-ERG person counted-less takes first-TEMP3


english: I cannot speak for them; their tongue lives in their own mouths.
kuku: Ngayu kari balkal jananka: nyabil janamuny janay ngandalba.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["jananka"]
loans_used: []
evidence: anti-ventriloquy ethic; eight words
status: accepted
confidence: 0.95
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:39:54.982059+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:44:07.224116+00:00
analysis:
ngayu kari balka-l jana-nka: nyabil jana-muny jana-y ngandal-ba | I NEG speak them-DAT(for): tongue their stands mouth-LOC


frame: narrative
words_used: ["ngali"]
loans_used: []
evidence: division-of-waters peace
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:39:54.982059+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:44:07.224116+00:00
english:
We two made peace at the crossing: he took the deep side, I took the small side, and the fish fed both our fires.

kuku:
Ngali kaka-kari murnin bana-baralba: nyulu dukurr manin, ngayu buban, kuyubu baya jambul mayi-dayan.

analysis:
ngali kaka-kari murni-ny bana-baral-ba: nyulu dukurr mani-ny, ngayu buban, kuyu-bu baya jambul mayi-daya-ny | we.two peace made crossing-LOC: he deep took, I small, fish-ERG fire two fed


frame: teaching
words_used: ["ngana", "yurra"]
loans_used: []
evidence: pronoun pragmatics; we-halves/you-doubles
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:39:54.982059+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:44:07.224116+00:00
english:
Say we and the work halves; say you-all and it doubles — the old woman weighed the little words like food.

kuku:
Balka 'ngana' murni jambul-daji-mal, balka 'yurra' murni jambul-mal, wulbumanangka kuku buban nyajin yala mayi.

analysis:
balka 'ngana' murni jambul-daji-ma-l, balka 'yurra' murni jambul-ma-l, wulbuman-angka kuku buban nyaji-ny yala mayi | say! we work half-becomes, say! you.all work double-becomes, old.woman word little weighed like food


english: Sit close and tell me everything from the beginning.
kuku: Bunda ngundu, balka ngaykunka wubulku ngadikumuny.
frame: everyday
words_used: []
loans_used: []
evidence: seven words; sg DAT pronoun (ngayku-nka established)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.95
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:43:19.265479+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:44:07.224116+00:00
analysis:
bunda ngundu, balka ngayku-nka wubul-ku ngadiku-muny | sit! close.by, tell! me-DAT all beginning-from


english: This song belongs to those two only; we sing it while those two watch.
kuku: Wulngku yanya bulamuny nganga, ngana badil bula nyajinya.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["bulamuny"]
loans_used: []
evidence: 3du GEN via regular -muny; custodianship
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:43:19.265479+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:44:07.224116+00:00
analysis:
wulngku yanya bula-muny nganga, ngana badi-l bula nyaji-nya | song this they.two-of only, we sing they.two watch-SUB


english: Are you all coming to the meeting, or just you two?
kuku: Yurra wubulku kaday kuku-yalbayka, yambada yubal nganga?
frame: question
words_used: ["yurra", "yubal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: 2pl vs 2du in eight words
status: accepted
confidence: 0.95
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:43:19.265479+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:44:07.224116+00:00
analysis:
yurra wubul-ku kada-y kuku-yalbay-ka, yambada yubal nganga? | you.all all come meeting-DAT, or you.two only?


english: Their fire, our fire — at flood time there is only the fire.
kuku: Baya janamuny, baya nganamuny: jalungkarrba baya nyubun nganga.
frame: everyday
words_used: []
loans_used: []
evidence: possession dissolves in crisis; eight words
status: accepted
confidence: 0.95
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:43:19.265479+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:44:07.224116+00:00
analysis:
baya jana-muny, baya ngana-muny: jalungkarr-ba baya nyubun nganga | fire theirs, fire ours: flood-LOC fire one only


frame: teaching
words_used: ["nganjin", "ngaliny"]
loans_used: []
evidence: the full 11-cell person roll-call (2581/2582)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:43:19.265479+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:44:07.224116+00:00
english:
The old man mapped the persons on his fingers for the child: I, you, that one; we-two-not-you, we-two-you-and-me, you two, those two; us-all-not-you, us-all-with-you, you all, them all — little doors, he said, and the language walks through the right one without looking.

kuku:
Mukulungku dingkarangka bama-kuku birribu milbin karrkaynka: ngayu, yundu, nyulu; ngali, ngaliny, yubal, bula; nganjin, ngana, yurra, jana; baral-ngandal buban wubul, nyulu balkan, kukubu jilbal baral yukilburr nyaji-kari.

analysis:
mukul-ungku dingkar-angka bama-kuku birri-bu milbi-ny karrkay-nka: ngayu, yundu, nyulu; ngali, ngaliny, yubal, bula; nganjin, ngana, yurra, jana; baral-ngandal buban wubul, nyulu balka-ny, kuku-bu jilba-l baral yukil-burr nyaji-kari | old man person-words finger-INST showed child-DAT: I, you, that.one; we.two.EXC, we.two.INC, you.two, they.two; we.EXC, we.INC, you.all, they.all; doors little many, he said, language-ERG walks road right-PERL look-PRIV


english: Bring your spears and our two dogs — the big animals are in the yam ground again.
kuku: Kalka yurramuny mana, kaya ngalimuny baja: minya yalbay juwal-bubungu baja.
frame: everyday
words_used: []
loans_used: []
evidence: POSS 2pl/1du; u-LOC correct at authoring
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:43:19.265479+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:44:07.224116+00:00
analysis:
kalka yurra-muny mana, kaya ngali-muny baja: minya yalbay juwal-bubu-ngu baja | spear your.PL-of get!, dog our.two-of too: animal big yam-ground-LOC again


english: He speaks about us as if we cannot hear — but the ears of the talked-about grow long.
kuku: Nyulu nganamuny balkal yala ngana milka-kari, yambada milka bamamuny balkanmuny kalbay-mal.
frame: everyday
words_used: []
loans_used: []
evidence: gossip physics
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:43:19.265479+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:44:07.224116+00:00
analysis:
nyulu ngana-muny balka-l yala ngana milka-kari, yambada milka bama-muny balka-ny-muny kalbay-ma-l | he us-about speaks as we ear-PRIV, but ear person-of talked-of long-becomes


english: Ask those two for the story; it lives only with those two.
kuku: Babaji bulanka kuku-jangkarka: nyulu bulanda janay nganga.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["bulanda"]
loans_used: []
evidence: 3du LOC cell (2581); story custodianship
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:43:19.265479+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:44:07.224116+00:00
analysis:
babaji bula-nka kuku-jangkar-ka: nyulu bula-nda jana-y nganga | ask! they.two-DAT story-DAT: it they.two-LOC stands only


frame: narrative
words_used: ["burri"]
loans_used: []
evidence: name-as-destiny; burri in service
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:43:19.265479+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:44:07.224116+00:00
english:
We named her for the rain that ended the hungry year, and the name kept its promise: wherever she sits, things grow.

kuku:
Ngana nyulu burri dayan kabamuny wungar dakwuy kunbay-maninmuny, burribu kuku-dandi karrban: wanja nyulu bundal, yamba yalbay-mal.

analysis:
ngana nyulu burri daya-ny kaba-muny wungar dakwuy kunba-y-mani-ny-muny, burri-bu kuku-dandi karrba-ny: wanja nyulu bunda-l, yamba yalbay-ma-l | we her name gave rain-from year hungry ended-of, name-ERG promise kept: where she sits, thing big-becomes


frame: everyday
words_used: []
loans_used: []
evidence: property vs commons
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:43:19.265479+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:44:07.224116+00:00
english:
Yours is yours and mine is mine, but the path between the camps belongs to the feet that keep it open.

kuku:
Yunumuny yunumuny, ngaykumuny ngaykumuny, yambada baral bayan-jambulmuny jinamuny nyulu ngalkal karrbalmuny.

analysis:
yunu-muny yunu-muny, ngayku-muny ngayku-muny, yambada baral bayan-jambul-muny jina-muny nyulu ngalkal karrba-l-muny | yours yours, mine mine, but path camp-two-of feet-of it open keeping-of


kuku: Nyaji bula malkarriba: bama mukul juran-mal baja jandalba bulamunyba wulngku nyubun kalbayku.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["bula", "malkarri"]
loans_used: []
evidence: ancestors-in-the-legs; POSS-LOC stack
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:43:19.265479+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:44:07.224116+00:00
english:
Watch those two at the corroboree — the old people live again in their legs for the length of one song.

analysis:
nyaji bula malkarri-ba: bama mukul juran-ma-l baja jandal-ba bula-muny-ba wulngku nyubun kalbay-ku | watch! they.two corroboree-LOC: people old alive-become again leg-LOC their.two-LOC song one length-DAT


english: Who taught you all this song? — Our two grandmothers; we hold it for their sake and for yours.
kuku: Wanyabu yurraniny wulngku yanya milbin? Babi ngalimuny jambul: ngana karrbal jananka yurranka baja.
frame: question
words_used: ["yurraniny", "yurranka"]
loans_used: []
evidence: 2pl ACC + DAT cells (2582)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:43:19.265479+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:44:07.224116+00:00
analysis:
wanya-bu yurraniny wulngku yanya milbi-ny? babi ngali-muny jambul: ngana karrba-l jana-nka yurra-nka baja | who-ERG you.all.ACC song this taught? grandmother our.two two: we hold them-DAT you.all-DAT too


frame: everyday
words_used: ["ngananiny"]
loans_used: []
evidence: 1pl ACC cell; dog-vs-relatives humor
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:43:19.265479+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:44:07.224116+00:00
english:
The dog knows all of us by smell and none of us by name — and loves us anyway, which is more than some relatives manage.

kuku:
Kayabu ngananiny binal jilabu, burribu kari nyubun baja, nyulu ngananiny wawu-manil yabarrka: yinya wubul-baja jawun-karra nyubun-nyubunmuny.

analysis:
kaya-bu ngananiny binal jila-bu, burri-bu kari nyubun baja, nyulu ngananiny wawu-ma-ni-l yabarrka: yinya wubul-baja jawun-karra nyubun-nyubun-muny | dog-ERG us.ACC knows smell-INST, name-INST NEG one even, he us.ACC loves always: that more-DEG2 relative some-from


frame: teaching
words_used: []
loans_used: []
evidence: possession philosophy; the mine/ours/whose gradient
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:43:19.265479+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:44:07.224116+00:00
english:
Possession is a loan from the future, the old woman turned the word mine over like a stone: the tools outlive the hands, the country outlives the names — so say mine lightly, ours often, and whose? with a smile.

kuku:
Karrbal nyulu daji wunkunymuny, wulbumanangka kuku 'ngaykumuny' murnin yala kulji: yamba-murni mara-muny kalbay-baja juran, bubu burri-muny kalbay-baja juran, yalada balka 'ngaykumuny' kimabu, 'nganamuny' wubulkubu, 'wanyamuny?' yajarr-ji.

analysis:
karrba-l nyulu daji wunkuny-muny, wulbuman-angka kuku 'ngaykumuny' murni-ny yala kulji: yamba-murni mara-muny kalbay-baja juran, bubu burri-muny kalbay-baja juran, yala-da balka 'ngaykumuny' kima-bu, 'nganamuny' wubul-ku-bu, 'wanyamuny?' yajarr-ji | holding it loan tomorrow-from, old.woman word mine turned like stone: tool hand-from longer-DEG2 alive, country name-from longer-DEG2 alive, so say! mine soft-INST, ours often-INST, whose? smile-COMIT


english: Carry us two along with you-all, to where the river turns.
kuku: Wundi ngalininy yurranji, wanja wawubaja murnil yinyaka.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["ngalininy", "yurranji"]
loans_used: []
evidence: 1du ACC + 2pl COMIT cells in eight words
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:43:19.265479+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:44:07.224116+00:00
analysis:
wundi ngalininy yurra-nji, wanja wawubaja murni-l yinya-ka | carry! us.two.ACC you.all-COMIT, where river turns there-DAT


english: His mother and my mother are sisters, so we two fight like brothers and share like shadows.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["ngali"]
loans_used: []
evidence: cousin-brotherhood; share-like-shadows
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:43:19.265479+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:44:07.224116+00:00
kuku:
Ngamu nyungu ngamu ngayku babarr-jinkurr, yalada ngali kuniway yala yaba-karra, wambajil yala wabarr.

analysis:
ngamu nyungu ngamu ngayku babarr-jinkurr, yala-da ngali kuniway yala yaba-karra, wambaji-l yala wabarr | mother his mother my sister-pair, so we.two fight like brothers, share like shadow


english: All of you listen: the flood took the marker tree, so the old crossing is nobody's road now.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["yurra"]
loans_used: []
evidence: public notice register; nobody's-road
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:43:19.265479+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:44:07.224116+00:00
kuku:
Yurra wubulku milka-janay: jalungkarrbu juku-milbil manin, yalada bana-baral mukul nyiku bama-karimuny baral.

analysis:
yurra wubul-ku milka-jana-y: jalungkarr-bu juku-milbil mani-ny, yala-da bana-baral mukul nyiku bama-kari-muny baral | you.all all listen!: flood-ERG marker-tree took, so crossing old now person-PRIV-of road


kuku: Yundu ngayu kulji yanya yijarrin: ngaliny dunganya, kuljibu 'ngaliny' balkal yabarrka wawubajanka.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["ngaliny"]
loans_used: []
evidence: INC 1du as epitaph; stones speak the pronoun
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:43:19.265479+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:44:07.224116+00:00
english:
You and I set these stones; when we two are gone they will keep saying we-two-you-and-me to the river.

analysis:
yundu ngayu kulji yanya yijarri-ny: ngaliny dunga-nya, kulji-bu 'ngaliny' balka-l yabarrka wawubaja-nka | you I stone these set: we.two.INC go-SUB, stone-ERG ngaliny says always river-DAT


english: Don't speak for me at the meeting; carry my words in my order, or carry only my name.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["burri"]
loans_used: []
evidence: representation ethics (053-heir of anti-ventriloquy)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:43:19.265479+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:44:07.224116+00:00
kuku:
Kari balkal ngaykunka kuku-yalbayba: kuku ngayku wundi jinanji ngaykumunyji, yambada burri ngayku nganga wundi.

analysis:
kari balka-l ngayku-nka kuku-yalbay-ba: kuku ngayku wundi jina-nji ngayku-muny-ji, yambada burri ngayku nganga wundi | NEG speak me-DAT(for) meeting-LOC: words my carry! order-COMIT my-COMIT, or name my only carry!


english: The twins confuse everyone but their mother — she says even their footsteps have different names.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["bulamuny"]
loans_used: []
evidence: twin-knowledge; transparent confuse-CAUS
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:43:19.265479+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:44:07.224116+00:00
kuku:
Ngawa-jambul bama wubulku milka-buyun-bungal, ngamu kari: nyulubu balkal jina bulamuny baja burri yindu-yindu-ji.

analysis:
ngawa-jambul bama wubul-ku milka-buyun-bunga-l, ngamu kari: nyulu-bu balka-l jina bula-muny baja burri yindu-yindu-ji | baby-two people all ear-bad-CAUS(confuse), mother NEG: she-ERG says footstep their.two even name different-COMIT


frame: teaching
words_used: []
loans_used: []
evidence: POSS roll-call capstone; country's reply
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:43:19.265479+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:44:07.224116+00:00
english:
Ours is the fire, yours is the water, theirs is the wind — said the three camps; and the country said: mine is all of you.

kuku:
Nganamuny baya, yurramuny bana, janamuny muyar, bayan kulurbu balkan, bububu balkan: ngaykumuny yurra wubulku.

analysis:
ngana-muny baya, yurra-muny bana, jana-muny muyar, bayan kulur-bu balka-ny, bubu-bu balka-ny: ngayku-muny yurra wubul-ku | ours fire, yours.PL water, theirs wind, camp three-ERG said, country-ERG said: mine you.all all


english: Wait for us two! Our legs are short but our reasons are long.
kuku: Janay ngalinka! Jandal ngalimuny buban yambada wawu ngalimuny kalbay.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["ngalinka"]
loans_used: []
evidence: 1du DAT cell (2581); child's plea
status: accepted
confidence: 0.95
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:43:19.265479+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:44:07.224116+00:00
analysis:
jana-y ngali-nka! jandal ngali-muny buban yambada wawu ngali-muny kalbay | wait! us.two-DAT! leg our.two short but reason our.two long


english: Whose child is this, wandering wet at sunset? — Everyone's, until his own mother comes.
frame: question
words_used: []
loans_used: []
evidence: communal care law; SUCC deadline
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:43:19.265479+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:44:07.224116+00:00
kuku:
Wanyamuny karrkay yanya, jilbal yaru wungar-daraymba? Bama wubulkumuny, ngamu nyungu-nyungu kadanyjiku.

analysis:
wanya-muny karrkay yanya, jilba-l yaru wungar-daray-mba? bama wubul-ku-muny, ngamu nyungu-nyungu kada-nyjiku | whose child this, walks wet sunset-LOC? person all-of, mother his-own come-SUCC


frame: everyday
words_used: []
loans_used: []
evidence: capstone: pronoun choice as hospitality
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:43:19.265479+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:44:07.224116+00:00
english:
The language gives every group its own small door, and the one who chooses the right door says welcome without saying it.

kuku:
Kukubu bama-karra nyubun-nyubunka baral-ngandal buban dayal nyungu-nyungu, bamabu ngandal yukil manilmuny 'yulmbarri' balkal balkal-kari.

analysis:
kuku-bu bama-karra nyubun-nyubun-ka baral-ngandal buban daya-l nyungu-nyungu, bama-bu ngandal yukil mani-l-muny 'yulmbarri' balka-l balka-l-kari | language-ERG group every-DAT door little gives own, person-ERG door right choosing-of welcome says saying-PRIV


english: A mosquito sang at my ear all night — tonight I sleep in the smoke.
kuku: Kamubu badin milkaba ngayku wujurr wubulku: wujurrba yanyaba ngayu wunay kubungu.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["kamu"]
loans_used: []
evidence: kamu FIRST USE — corrects two prior 'unattested' claims
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:52:08.369301+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:56:29.119082+00:00
analysis:
kamu-bu badi-ny milka-ba ngayku wujurr wubul-ku: wujurr-ba yanya-ba ngayu wuna-y kubu-ngu | mosquito-ERG sang ear-LOC my night whole: night-LOC this-LOC I sleep smoke-LOC


english: Which wallaby is that? — A darrba; the jumar is smaller and keeps to the deep timber.
kuku: Wanjaku minya yinya? Darrba: jumar buban-baja, nyulu janay juku dukurrba.
frame: question
words_used: ["darrba", "jumar"]
loans_used: []
evidence: wallaby pair FIRST USES
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:52:08.369301+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:56:29.119082+00:00
analysis:
wanjaku minya yinya? darrba: jumar buban-baja, nyulu jana-y juku dukurr-ba | which animal that? darrba: jumar smaller-DEG2, it stays timber deep-LOC


frame: teaching
words_used: ["darrba", "jumar", "kadar"]
loans_used: ["wallaby"]
evidence: three-wallaby taxonomy vs one loanword
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:52:08.369301+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:56:29.119082+00:00
english:
The old man gave the boys the wallaby ladder: darrba of the open ground, jumar of the timber, kadar of the stone country — one English word, three lives, and the hunter who says only wallaby goes home with only wind.

kuku:
Mukulungku dingkarangka buban-buban darrba-jina milbin: darrba bubu ngalkalmuny, jumar jukumuny, kadar bubu-kuljimuny: kuku waybala nyubun, wawu kulur, balbi-bama nyulu 'wallaby' nganga balkal nyulu bayanka muyar nganga wundil.

analysis:
mukul-ungku dingkar-angka buban-buban darrba-jina milbi-ny: darrba bubu ngalkal-muny, jumar juku-muny, kadar bubu-kulji-muny: kuku waybala nyubun, wawu kulur, balbi-bama nyulu 'wallaby' nganga balka-l nyulu bayan-ka muyar nganga wundi-l | old man boys wallaby-ladder taught: darrba ground open-of, jumar timber-of, kadar stone.country-of: word whitefella one, life three, hunter he wallaby only says he home-DAT wind only carries


english: The crocodile does not hurry, and yet nobody arrives late to it.
kuku: Bilngkumu kariku warri-warri, yambada bama nyubun kariku badaku kadal yinyanka.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["bilngkumu"]
loans_used: []
evidence: bilngkumu FIRST USE; dark humor
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:52:08.369301+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:56:29.119082+00:00
analysis:
bilngkumu kariku warri-warri, yambada bama nyubun kariku bada-ku kada-l yinya-nka | crocodile never hurries, but person one never late-DAT comes that.one-DAT


frame: narrative
words_used: ["kuyir"]
loans_used: []
evidence: kuyir FIRST USE; lore as reported speech
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:52:08.369301+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:56:29.119082+00:00
english:
Hear the curlew? Someone is walking on the beach of the dead, the old people would say — and we children just pulled the blanket higher.

kuku:
Kuyir milka-janay? Bama jilbal yalmbanga wulanmunyba, bama mukulbu balkal, ngana karrkay-karrkay kararr kulban wangkarku nganga.

analysis:
kuyir milka-jana-y? bama jilba-l yalmba-nga wula-ny-muny-ba, bama mukul-bu balka-l, ngana karrkay-karrkay kararr kulba-ny wangkar-ku nganga | curlew hear? person walks beach-LOC dead-of-LOC, people old-ERG say, we children blanket pulled up-DAT only


frame: everyday
words_used: ["ngangkin"]
loans_used: []
evidence: ngangkin FIRST USE; stone-with-legs
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:52:08.369301+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:56:29.119082+00:00
english:
The echidna answered the dingoes with patience: by the time they agreed on a plan, he was a stone with legs.

kuku:
Ngangkinbu murramu-murramu wawu-karrba-bu balkan: jana kuku nyubunku kadanya, nyulu kulji jandal-ji ngadiku.

analysis:
ngangkin-bu murramu-murramu wawu-karrba-bu balka-ny: jana kuku nyubun-ku kada-nya, nyulu kulji jandal-ji ngadiku | echidna-ERG dingoes patience-INST answered: they word one-DAT come-SUB, he stone leg-COMIT already


english: Barramundi tonight! It took the hook at dawn and my arms still remember it.
kuku: Judi wujurrba! Nyulu badur manin muduwajuny, wakuy ngayku milka-binal yabarrka.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["judi"]
loans_used: []
evidence: judi FIRST USE
status: accepted
confidence: 0.95
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:52:08.369301+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:56:29.119082+00:00
analysis:
judi wujurr-ba! nyulu badur mani-ny muduwajuny, wakuy ngayku milka-binal yabarrka | barramundi tonight! it hook took dawn-at, arm my remembers still


english: Don't camp under the flying-fox tree — you will learn why by morning.
kuku: Kari bayan bunga kambi-juku badabada: yundu binal-mal wanyurrinku muduwajuny.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["kambi"]
loans_used: []
evidence: kambi flying fox FIRST USE (clothes-homophone noted)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:52:08.369301+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:56:29.119082+00:00
analysis:
kari bayan bunga kambi-juku badabada: yundu binal-ma-l wanyurrinku muduwajuny | NEG camp make! flying.fox-tree beneath: you learn why morning-at


frame: narrative
words_used: ["yaburr", "yawu"]
loans_used: []
evidence: shark/stingray FIRST USES
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:52:08.369301+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:56:29.119082+00:00
english:
The shark and the stingray divided the reef in the old story: the flat one took the sand, the other took the deep, and the fish agreed to fear them both — some treaties are older than people.

kuku:
Yaburr yawu jalun-bubu wambajin kuku-jangkar mukulba: dubar-jibu jukar manin, yinya yindubu dukurr manin, kuyubu yinil dayan jambulka: kuku-dandi nyubun-nyubun mukul-baja bamamuny.

analysis:
yaburr yawu jalun-bubu wambaji-ny kuku-jangkar mukul-ba: dubar-ji-bu jukar mani-ny, yinya yindu-bu dukurr mani-ny, kuyu-bu yinil daya-ny jambul-ka: kuku-dandi nyubun-nyubun mukul-baja bama-muny | shark stingray reef divided story old-LOC: flat-COMIT-ERG sand took, that other-ERG deep took, fish-ERG fear gave both-DAT: treaty some older-DEG2 people-from


frame: everyday
words_used: ["wakal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: wakal FIRST USE; anti-teasing
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:52:08.369301+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:56:29.119082+00:00
english:
A prawn walks backwards and still gets where it is going — stop teasing your brother about his way of doing things.

kuku:
Wakal jilbal muku-jinabu, nyulu kadal yabarrka wanja nyulu dungay: kari yaba yundumuny yajarr-bunga murni-jina nyungumuny.

analysis:
wakal jilba-l muku-jina-bu, nyulu kada-l yabarrka wanja nyulu dunga-y: kari yaba yundu-muny yajarr-bunga murni-jina nyungu-muny | prawn walks back-track-INST, it arrives always where it goes: NEG brother your laugh-CAUS! way his-about


english: The kookaburra laughed first at my empty net, then at my full one — some watchers never change.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["kururrungka"]
loans_used: []
evidence: kookaburra FIRST USE
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:52:08.369301+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:56:29.119082+00:00
kuku:
Kururrungkabu yajarr-man ngadiku-ngurr makarr nganga-yambaka ngayku, yalada jakalka baja: bama-nyaji nyubun-nyubun kariku yindu-mal.

analysis:
kururrungka-bu yajarr-ma-ny ngadiku-ngurr makarr nganga-yamba-ka ngayku, yala-da jakal-ka baja: bama-nyaji nyubun-nyubun kariku yindu-ma-l | kookaburra-ERG laughed first-TEMP3 net empty-DAT my, then full-DAT too: watcher some never changes


frame: question
words_used: ["waja"]
loans_used: []
evidence: crow/march-fly homophone row; kuku-ngu u-LOC (scan catch)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:52:08.369301+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:56:29.119082+00:00
english:
Is that the big waja or the little waja? — In this language crow and march fly share one name; the size tells you which one is stealing your meat.

kuku:
Yinya waja yalbay yambada waja buban? Kukungu jambul 'waja': yalbay-bubanbu milbil wanjaku minya yundumuny manil.

analysis:
yinya waja yalbay yambada waja buban? kuku-ngu jambul 'waja': yalbay-buban-bu milbi-l wanjaku minya yundu-muny mani-l | that waja big or waja little? language-LOC two waja: size-ERG shows which meat your takes


frame: everyday
words_used: ["yalngkurr"]
loans_used: []
evidence: eagle FIRST USE
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:52:08.369301+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:56:29.119082+00:00
english:
The eagle reads the whole country in one turning; we read it track by track — both roads end at the same dinner.

kuku:
Yalngkurrbu bubu wubulku nyajil murninya nyubunbu, ngana nyajil jina-jinabu: baral jambul kunbay-mal mayi nyubunba.

analysis:
yalngkurr-bu bubu wubul-ku nyaji-l murni-nya nyubun-bu, ngana nyaji-l jina-jina-bu: baral jambul kunba-y-ma-l mayi nyubun-ba | eagle-ERG country whole reads turning-SUB one-INST, we read track-track-INST: road two ends dinner one-LOC


english: Feed the camp dogs before dark, or sing with them all night — your choice.
kuku: Murramu-murramu mayi-daya wujurr ngadiku, yambada wulngku badi jananji wujurr wubulku: yundu mana.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["murramu"]
loans_used: []
evidence: 3pl COMIT reused
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:52:08.369301+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:56:29.119082+00:00
analysis:
murramu-murramu mayi-daya wujurr ngadiku, yambada wulngku badi jana-nji wujurr wubul-ku: yundu mana | camp.dogs feed! dark before, or song sing! them-COMIT night whole: you choose!


frame: teaching
words_used: ["nili-nili", "walbul-walbul"]
loans_used: []
evidence: onomatopoeia row
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:52:08.369301+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:56:29.119082+00:00
english:
Every animal wears its name like a track, the old woman taught listening: kururrungka laughs inside its own word, nili-nili paddles in it, walbul-walbul flutters in it — say the names aloud and hear the makers walking.

kuku:
Minya nyubun-nyubun burri wundil yala jina, wulbumanangka milka-jananka milbin: 'kururrungka' yajarr-mal kukungu nyungu-nyungungu, 'nili-nili' marajil yinyanga, 'walbul-walbul' warril yinyanga: burri balka junkurrbu, bunga-bama milka-janay jilbanya.

analysis:
minya nyubun-nyubun burri wundi-l yala jina, wulbuman-angka milka-jana-nka milbi-ny: kururrungka yajarr-ma-l kuku-ngu nyungu-nyungu-ngu, nili-nili maraji-l yinya-nga, walbul-walbul warri-l yinya-nga: burri balka junkurr-bu, bunga-bama milka-jana-y jilba-nya | animal every name wears like track, old.woman listening-DAT taught: kookaburra laughs word-LOC own-LOC, duck paddles it-LOC, butterfly flutters it-LOC: names say! loud-INST, makers hear walk-SUB


english: The bandicoot dug up mother's yam ground in one night — tomorrow we hunt him.
kuku: Kulngubu juwal-bubu ngamumuny bakan wujurr nyubunba: wunkuny ngana nyulu balbil.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["kulngu"]
loans_used: []
evidence: kulngu FIRST USE
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:52:08.369301+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:56:29.119082+00:00
analysis:
kulngu-bu juwal-bubu ngamu-muny baka-ny wujurr nyubun-ba: wunkuny ngana nyulu balbi-l | bandicoot-ERG yam-ground mother-of dug night one-LOC: tomorrow we him hunt


frame: everyday
words_used: ["yuday", "burri"]
loans_used: []
evidence: frog-calls-rain
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:52:08.369301+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:56:29.119082+00:00
english:
The frog says the rain's name all night, and the rain always comes at last to hear its song — patience with a name attached.

kuku:
Yudaybu burri kabamuny balkal wujurr wubulku, kaba kadal yabarrka badaku wulngku nyungu milka-jananka: wawu-karrba burri-ji.

analysis:
yuday-bu burri kaba-muny balka-l wujurr wubul-ku, kaba kada-l yabarrka bada-ku wulngku nyungu milka-jana-nka: wawu-karrba burri-ji | frog-ERG name rain-of says night whole, rain comes always last-DAT song its hear-PURP: patience name-COMIT


english: Watch the oyster rocks at the low tide, you two; the sea takes back its gifts without a word.
kuku: Nyaji julul-kulji ngajalba, yubal: jalunbu daji nyungu manil baja kuku-kari.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["julul"]
loans_used: []
evidence: julul FIRST USE
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:52:08.369301+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:56:29.119082+00:00
analysis:
nyaji julul-kulji ngajal-ba, yubal: jalun-bu daji nyungu mani-l baja kuku-kari | watch! oyster-rock low.tide-LOC, you.two: sea-ERG gift its takes back word-PRIV


english: The dingo and the camp dog are cousins who chose different fires.
kuku: Murramu kaya-bayan jawun jambul: jana baya yindu-yindu manin.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["murramu"]
loans_used: []
evidence: nine words
status: accepted
confidence: 0.95
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:52:08.369301+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:56:29.119082+00:00
analysis:
murramu kaya-bayan jawun jambul: jana baya yindu-yindu mani-ny | dingo dog-camp cousin two: they fire different chose


frame: teaching
words_used: ["kurranji"]
loans_used: []
evidence: kurranji FIRST USE; seed-dispersal
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:52:08.369301+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:56:29.119082+00:00
english:
The cassowary eats the fruit, carries the seeds in its belly to new ground, and the big trees stand where it walked — the forest follows that bird.

kuku:
Kurranjibu junjun nukal, diburr wundil jibanga bubuku yinduku, juku yalbay janay wanja nyulu jilban: jukubu birrabu wukurril minya yinya.

analysis:
kurranji-bu junjun nuka-l, diburr wundi-l jiba-nga bubu-ku yindu-ku, juku yalbay jana-y wanja nyulu jilba-ny: juku-bu birra-bu wukurri-l minya yinya | cassowary-ERG fruit eats, seed carries belly-LOC ground-DAT other-DAT, tree big stands where it walked: tree-ERG leaf-ERG follows animal that


english: Little bee, show me your tree and I will leave you the biggest share.
kuku: Dabu buban, milbi ngaykunka juku yunu, ngayu bawal yununka daji yalbay bajaku.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["dabu"]
loans_used: []
evidence: dabu FIRST USE
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:52:08.369301+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:56:29.119082+00:00
analysis:
dabu buban, milbi ngayku-nka juku yunu, ngayu bawa-l yunu-nka daji yalbay bajaku | bee little, show! me-DAT tree your, I leave you-DAT share big most


frame: everyday
words_used: ["yaburr"]
loans_used: []
evidence: two-strategies row
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:52:08.369301+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:56:29.119082+00:00
english:
The shark patrols forever and the oyster sits still forever, and both have lasted since the first tide — there are two ways to be old.

kuku:
Yaburr jilbal yabarrka, julul bundal wunbu yabarrka, jambul juran yira ngadikumuny: baral jambul mukul-manka.

analysis:
yaburr jilba-l yabarrka, julul bunda-l wunbu yabarrka, jambul juran yira ngadiku-muny: baral jambul mukul-ma-nka | shark walks always, oyster sits still always, both alive tide first-from: road two old-become-PURP


kuku: Wanyabu kuyu bawan wanja kambibu manil? Bama nyubunbu, nyulu dakal nyiku kuyunka yindunka.
frame: question
words_used: ["kambi"]
loans_used: []
evidence: camp justice
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:52:08.369301+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:56:29.119082+00:00
english:
Who left the fish where the flying foxes could reach? — The same someone who is climbing for new ones right now.

analysis:
wanya-bu kuyu bawa-ny wanja kambi-bu mani-l? bama nyubun-bu, nyulu daka-l nyiku kuyu-nka yindu-nka | who-ERG fish left where flying.fox-ERG takes? person same-ERG, he climbs now fish-DAT other-DAT


english: The butterfly crossed the whole valley, thinner than a word — strength is not always heavy.
kuku: Walbul-walbul dungan bubu wubulkuburr, nyulu bala-baja kukumuny: junkurr kari yabarrka dandi.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["walbul-walbul"]
loans_used: []
evidence: butterfly FIRST USE; PERL
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:52:08.369301+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:56:29.119082+00:00
analysis:
walbul-walbul dunga-ny bubu wubul-ku-burr, nyulu bala-baja kuku-muny: junkurr kari yabarrka dandi | butterfly went country whole-PERL, it thinner-DEG2 word-from: strength NEG always heavy


english: One duck, many uses — nothing from a good catch walks away wasted.
kuku: Nili-nili nyubun, murni wubulku: yamba nyubun kari kala-kalbay dungay kuyu-maninmuny yukilmuny.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["nili-nili"]
loans_used: []
evidence: waste-nothing on one bird
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:52:08.369301+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:56:29.119082+00:00
analysis:
nili-nili nyubun, murni wubul-ku: yamba nyubun kari kala-kalbay dunga-y kuyu-mani-ny-muny yukil-muny | duck one, use many: thing one NEG far.away goes catch-of good-of


english: The possum runs the branch-roads all night and asks nobody's leave.
kuku: Yawa warril dakil-baralburr wujurr wubulku, nyulu bama nyubun kari babajil.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["yawa"]
loans_used: []
evidence: yawa possum FIRST USE
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:55:49.626172+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:56:29.119082+00:00
analysis:
yawa warri-l dakil-baral-burr wujurr wubul-ku, nyulu bama nyubun kari babaji-l | possum runs branch-road-PERL night whole, it person one NEG asks


english: Kangaroo tracks at the water — a big fellow, moving slowly, holding one foot soft.
kuku: Jina mayarrijimuny banaba: yalbay, jilbal buban-buban, jina nyubun kima karrbal.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["mayarriji"]
loans_used: []
evidence: mayarriji FIRST USE; tracking read-out
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:55:49.626172+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:56:29.119082+00:00
analysis:
jina mayarriji-muny bana-ba: yalbay, jilba-l buban-buban, jina nyubun kima karrba-l | track kangaroo-of water-LOC: big, walking slowly, foot one soft holding


english: The owl asked its one question all night and accepted no answers.
kuku: Kalkuybu kuku-babaji nyubun babajin wujurr wubulku, kuku-balkan nyubun kari manin.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["kalkuy"]
loans_used: []
evidence: kalkuy owl FIRST USE
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:55:49.626172+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:56:29.119082+00:00
analysis:
kalkuy-bu kuku-babaji nyubun babaji-ny wujurr wubul-ku, kuku-balka-ny nyubun kari mani-ny | owl-ERG question one asked night whole, answer one NEG took


english: Don't touch the grubs in that log — they are for grandmother's fishing.
kuku: Kari jambun karrba jukungu yinyangu: jana babimuny kuyu-maninka.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["jambun"]
loans_used: []
evidence: jambun FIRST USE; juku-ngu u-LOC (scan catch, agreement on demonstrative)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:55:49.626172+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:56:29.119082+00:00
analysis:
kari jambun karrba juku-ngu yinya-ngu: jana babi-muny kuyu-mani-nka | NEG grub touch! log-LOC that-LOC: they grandmother-of fish-catch-PURP


frame: teaching
words_used: ["kubarr"]
loans_used: []
evidence: kubarr eel FIRST USE
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:55:49.626172+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:56:29.119082+00:00
english:
The eel is the river's rope, the old man said: soft to look at, strong to hold, and tied at both ends to somewhere you cannot follow.

kuku:
Kubarr nyulu karra wawubajamuny, mukulungku dingkarangka balkan: kima nyajinka, junkurr karrbanka, kajanmuny badaba jambulba bubuku wanja yundu kari wukurril.

analysis:
kubarr nyulu karra wawubaja-muny, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka balka-ny: kima nyaji-nka, junkurr karrba-nka, kaja-ny-muny bada-ba jambul-ba bubu-ku wanja yundu kari wukurri-l | eel it rope river-of, old man said: soft see-PURP, strong hold-PURP, tied end-LOC both-LOC place-DAT where you NEG follow


english: A pig has torn up the soak — pig tracks, pig diggings, pig manners.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["bikibiki"]
loans_used: []
evidence: bikibiki FIRST USE; triple indictment
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:55:49.626172+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:56:29.119082+00:00
kuku:
Bikibikibu bana-buban bakan wubulku: jina bikibikimuny, bakal bikibikimuny, murni-jina bikibikimuny.

analysis:
bikibiki-bu bana-buban baka-ny wubul-ku: jina bikibiki-muny, baka-l bikibiki-muny, murni-jina bikibiki-muny | pig-ERG soak dug all: track pig-of, digging pig-of, manners pig-of


frame: teaching
words_used: ["jarruka"]
loans_used: []
evidence: jarruka FIRST USE; mound-builder
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:55:49.626172+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:56:29.119082+00:00
english:
The scrub hen builds a mountain for her eggs and never sits on them — the warmth you have made does its own work, she teaches.

kuku:
Jarrukabu bubu-yalbay bungal diburrka nyungu, nyulu kariku bundal jananga: wumbul yundu bunganmuny nyulu murni nyungu murnil, nyulu milbil.

analysis:
jarruka-bu bubu-yalbay bunga-l diburr-ka nyungu, nyulu kariku bunda-l jana-nga: wumbul yundu bunga-ny-muny nyulu murni nyungu murni-l, nyulu milbi-l | scrub.hen-ERG mound builds eggs-DAT her, she never sits them-LOC: warmth you made-of it work its does, she teaches


english: Catfish for dinner: ugly in the water, very good in the coals.
kuku: Julaji mayinka: mumbu bananga, yukil bajaku ngunjilba.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["julaji"]
loans_used: []
evidence: julaji FIRST USE
status: accepted
confidence: 0.95
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:55:49.626172+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:56:29.119082+00:00
analysis:
julaji mayi-nka: mumbu bana-nga, yukil bajaku ngunjil-ba | catfish dinner-PURP: bad water-LOC, good very coals-LOC


english: When the flying foxes argue in the fruit tree, close your eyes and count your own quiet things.
kuku: Kaki kambi balka-wal juku-junjunba, miyil nandaji, yamba wunbu yundumuny kunja kimabu.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["kambi"]
loans_used: []
evidence: RECIP colony-noise
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:55:49.626172+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:56:29.119082+00:00
analysis:
kaki kambi balka-wa-l juku-junjun-ba, miyil nandaji, yamba wunbu yundu-muny kunja kima-bu | when flying.fox argue(RECIP) fruit-tree-LOC, eye close!, thing quiet your count! soft-INST


english: The little hawk hunts by hanging still on the wind — patience with sharp fingers.
kuku: Kalin-kalin balbil janaybu muyara wunbu: wawu-karrba birri dandi-ji.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["kalin-kalin"]
loans_used: []
evidence: kalin-kalin FIRST USE; muyar-a single-r LOC (scan catch)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:55:49.626172+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:56:29.119082+00:00
analysis:
kalin-kalin balbi-l jana-y-bu muyar-a wunbu: wawu-karrba birri dandi-ji | hawk hunts standing-INST wind-LOC still: patience finger hard-COMIT


frame: narrative
words_used: ["biwuy"]
loans_used: []
evidence: biwuy FIRST USE
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:55:49.626172+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:56:29.119082+00:00
english:
Grandfather says the dugong grazes the sea-grass like a quiet old bullock of the saltwater — and that its name is old in this country.

kuku:
Kamibu balkal biwuy nukal jalun-jikan yala minya wunbu mukul jalunmuny, burri nyungu mukul bububa yanyaba.

analysis:
kami-bu balka-l biwuy nuka-l jalun-jikan yala minya wunbu mukul jalun-muny, burri nyungu mukul bubu-ba yanya-ba | grandfather-ERG says dugong eats sea-grass like animal quiet old saltwater-of, name its old country-LOC this-LOC


frame: everyday
words_used: ["ngawiya"]
loans_used: []
evidence: turtle-breath warning
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:55:49.626172+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:56:29.119082+00:00
english:
The turtle came up for one breath and gave the whole hunt away — keep your habits secret, or keep moving.

kuku:
Ngawiya wandin wawu nyubunku, nyulu balbil wubulku milbin: murni-jina yundumuny ngakiji, yambada jilba yabarrka.

analysis:
ngawiya wandi-ny wawu nyubun-ku, nyulu balbi-l wubul-ku milbi-ny: murni-jina yundu-muny ngakiji, yambada jilba yabarrka | turtle rose breath one-DAT, it hunt whole showed: habits your hide!, or walk! always


english: The spider mended its net before dawn, without one complaint about the storm.
kuku: Malalbu makarr nyungu murnin muduwaju ngadiku, kuku-kuli-kari jarramalimuny.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["malal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: malal spider FIRST USE
status: accepted
confidence: 0.95
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:55:49.626172+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:56:29.119082+00:00
analysis:
malal-bu makarr nyungu murni-ny muduwaju ngadiku, kuku-kuli-kari jarramali-muny | spider-ERG net its mended dawn before, complaint-PRIV storm-about


english: The oyster answers every wave the same way: it holds on. Some knowledge is one word long.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["julul"]
loans_used: []
evidence: one-word wisdom
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:55:49.626172+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:56:29.119082+00:00
kuku:
Jululbu mulngku nyubun-nyubun balkal jina nyubunbu: nyulu karrbal dandi. Binal nyubun-nyubun nyulu kuku nyubun nganga.

analysis:
julul-bu mulngku nyubun-nyubun balka-l jina nyubun-bu: nyulu karrba-l dandi. binal nyubun-nyubun nyulu kuku nyubun nganga | oyster-ERG wave every answers way one-INST: it holds fast. knowledge some it word one only


english: The cassowary's kick opens what arguments cannot — stand far away when you must disagree with one.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["kurranji"]
loans_used: []
evidence: cassowary safety
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:55:49.626172+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:56:29.119082+00:00
kuku:
Kurranjibu jina-jurrngabu ngalkal-bungal wanyu kuku-balka-way kari: janay kala-kalbay kaki yundu balkal muku yinyanka.

analysis:
kurranji-bu jina-jurrnga-bu ngalkal-bunga-l wanyu kuku-balka-way kari: jana-y kala-kalbay kaki yundu balka-l muku yinya-nka | cassowary-ERG foot-push-INST opens what argument NEG: stand! far.away when you speak back that.one-DAT


frame: teaching
words_used: ["bakamu", "janji-manil"]
loans_used: []
evidence: animal self-medication; janji-mani-l bathe FIRST USE
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:55:49.626172+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:56:29.119082+00:00
english:
Every animal has its own doctor, the old woman said: the dog eats grass, the pigeon bathes in the dry ground, the wallaby lies in the cool sand — watch what the sick ones choose.

kuku:
Minya nyubun-nyubun kalbal-ji nyungu-nyungu-ji, wulbumanangka balkan: kayabu jikan nukal, bakamu janji-manil bubungu marralba, darrba wunay jukara kiway-kiwayba: nyaji wanyu bambaybu manil.

analysis:
minya nyubun-nyubun kalbal-ji nyungu-nyungu-ji, wulbuman-angka balka-ny: kaya-bu jikan nuka-l, bakamu janji-mani-l bubu-ngu marral-ba, darrba wuna-y jukar-a kiway-kiway-ba: nyaji wanyu bambay-bu mani-l | animal every remedy-COMIT own-COMIT, old.woman said: dog-ERG grass eats, pigeon bathes ground-LOC dry-LOC, wallaby lies sand-LOC cool-LOC: watch! what sick-ERG takes


english: Two grubs from the antbed catch one big fish — the little jiljay is stronger than its weight.
kuku: Jiljay jambulbu kuyu yalbay nyubun manil: jiljay buban nyulu junkurr-baja dandimuny nyungumuny.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["jiljay"]
loans_used: []
evidence: jiljay FIRST USE; bait economics
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:55:49.626172+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:56:29.119082+00:00
analysis:
jiljay jambul-bu kuyu yalbay nyubun mani-l: jiljay buban nyulu junkurr-baja dandi-muny nyungu-muny | grub two-INST fish big one takes: grub little it stronger-DEG2 weight-from its-from


english: The crow watched the whole fish-feast from the high branch, wearing his best black clothes.
kuku: Wakukabu nyajin kuyu-nuka wubulku dakilmuny wangkarmuny, kambi ngumbu yukil bajaku-ji.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["wakuka"]
loans_used: []
evidence: wakuka crow FIRST USE; kambi polysemy staged vs row 8
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:55:49.626172+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:56:29.119082+00:00
analysis:
wakuka-bu nyaji-ny kuyu-nuka wubul-ku dakil-muny wangkar-muny, kambi ngumbu yukil bajaku-ji | crow-ERG watched fish-feast whole branch-from high-from, clothes black best-COMIT


frame: everyday
words_used: ["walbul-walbul"]
loans_used: []
evidence: metamorphosis encouragement
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:55:49.626172+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:56:29.119082+00:00
english:
Little sister, the butterfly does not remember being a grub, but the grub always dreamed of the sky — keep walking.

kuku:
Jinkurr buban, walbul-walbul kari milka-binal jambun-wungar nyungu, yambada jambunbu bijarril jiri yabarrka: jilba yabarrka.

analysis:
jinkurr buban, walbul-walbul kari milka-binal jambun-wungar nyungu, yambada jambun-bu bijarri-l jiri yabarrka: jilba yabarrka | sister little, butterfly NEG remembers grub-time its, but grub-ERG dreams sky always: walk! always


english: The stingray hides by becoming the floor — some strength is in the lying still.
kuku: Yawu ngakijil bubu-manya: junkurr nyubun-nyubun wunanya wunbu.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["yawu"]
loans_used: []
evidence: eight words; INCHO-SUB camouflage
status: accepted
confidence: 0.95
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:55:49.626172+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:56:29.119082+00:00
analysis:
yawu ngakiji-l bubu-ma-nya: junkurr nyubun-nyubun wuna-nya wunbu | stingray hides ground-become-SUB: strength some lie-SUB still


frame: everyday
words_used: ["birrbirr"]
loans_used: []
evidence: dawn chorus TEMP ladder; birrbirr FIRST USE
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:55:49.626172+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:56:29.119082+00:00
english:
Dawn roll-call at the camp: the kookaburra first of all, then the parrots, then the crow — and the owl files her one complaint and goes to bed.

kuku:
Muduwajuny bayanba: kururrungka-ngurr, yalada birrbirr-birrbirr, yalada wakuka, kalkuybu kuku-kuli nyubun nyungu dayal, wunay dungay.

analysis:
muduwajuny bayan-ba: kururrungka-ngurr, yala-da birrbirr-birrbirr, yala-da wakuka, kalkuy-bu kuku-kuli nyubun nyungu daya-l, wuna-y dunga-y | dawn-at camp-LOC: kookaburra-FIRST, then parrots, then crow, owl-ERG complaint one her gives, sleep goes


english: You cannot borrow the eagle's eyes, but you can climb the hill he watches from.
kuku: Yundu miyil yalngkurrmuny kari manil, yambada yundu dakal bubu wanja nyulu nyajil.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["yalngkurr"]
loans_used: []
evidence: aspiration ethic
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:55:49.626172+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:56:29.119082+00:00
analysis:
yundu miyil yalngkurr-muny kari mani-l, yambada yundu daka-l bubu wanja nyulu nyaji-l | you eye eagle-of NEG take, but you climb hill where he watches


frame: teaching
words_used: ["kamu", "waja"]
loans_used: ["school"]
evidence: pest-as-pedagogue
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:55:49.626172+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:56:29.119082+00:00
english:
Respect the small teachers: the mosquito teaches the smoke, the big waja teaches the shade, and the sun teaches the water bag — the country runs a strict school.

kuku:
Yulmbarri milbil-bama buban: kamubu kubu milbil, wajabu wabarr milbil, wungarbu bana-balji milbil: bubu school dandi karrbal.

analysis:
yulmbarri milbil-bama buban: kamu-bu kubu milbi-l, waja-bu wabarr milbi-l, wungar-bu bana-balji milbi-l: bubu school dandi karrba-l | respect! teachers small: mosquito-ERG smoke teaches, march.fly-ERG shade teaches, sun-ERG water.bag teaches: country school strict holds


frame: everyday
words_used: []
loans_used: []
evidence: capstone: the first teachers
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T05:55:49.626172+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T05:56:29.119082+00:00
english:
We learned our manners from the animals: patience from the ibis, sharing from the dogs, silence from the fish, and laughter from the kookaburra — the first teachers never left.

kuku:
Ngana murni-jina minyamuny binalman: wawu-karrba birmbamuny, wambaji kayamuny, wunbu kuyumuny, yajarr kururrungkamuny: milbil-bama ngadiku kariku dungan.

analysis:
ngana murni-jina minya-muny binal-ma-ny: wawu-karrba birmba-muny, wambaji kaya-muny, wunbu kuyu-muny, yajarr kururrungka-muny: milbil-bama ngadiku kariku dunga-ny | we manners animal-from learned: patience ibis-from, sharing dog-from, silence fish-from, laughter kookaburra-from: teachers first never left


english: Maybe it will rain, maybe not — take the water bag both ways.
kuku: Nguba kaba kaday, nguba kari: bana-balji wundi baralbu jambulbu.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["nguba"]
loans_used: []
evidence: nguba FIRST USE
status: accepted
confidence: 0.95
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:00:45.672981+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:05:37.776301+00:00
analysis:
nguba kaba kada-y, nguba kari: bana-balji wundi baral-bu jambul-bu | maybe rain comes, maybe not: water.bag carry! way-INST both-INST


english: He told it to me as truth; I carry it to you as his words.
kuku: Nyulu ngaykunka milbin manubaja yala, ngayu wundil yununka kuku nyungu yala.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["manubaja"]
loans_used: []
evidence: manubaja FIRST USE; hearsay downgrade
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:00:45.672981+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:05:37.776301+00:00
analysis:
nyulu ngayku-nka milbi-ny manubaja yala, ngayu wundi-l yunu-nka kuku nyungu yala | he me-DAT told truth as, I carry you-DAT words his as


english: Who says so? — The tracks say so, and tracks do not lie.
kuku: Wanyabu balkal? Jinabu balkal, jina kariku warmbiji.
frame: question
words_used: ["warmbiji"]
loans_used: []
evidence: warmbiji FIRST USE — vindicates warmbi-ny
status: accepted
confidence: 0.95
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:00:45.672981+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:05:37.776301+00:00
analysis:
wanya-bu balka-l? jina-bu balka-l, jina kariku warmbiji-y | who-ERG says? track-ERG says, track never lies


frame: teaching
words_used: ["nguba"]
loans_used: []
evidence: the three evidential doors
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:00:45.672981+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:05:37.776301+00:00
english:
The old woman taught the three doors of knowing: I saw it, someone told me, and maybe — and she made the children name the door before every story.

kuku:
Wulbumanangka baral-ngandal kulur binalmuny milbin: ngayu nyajin, bamabu ngaykunka milbin, nguba: karrkay-karrkaybu baral-ngandal kunjal kuku-jangkar ngadiku nyubun-nyubunbu.

analysis:
wulbuman-angka baral-ngandal kulur binal-muny milbi-ny: ngayu nyaji-ny, bama-bu ngayku-nka milbi-ny, nguba: karrkay-karrkay-bu baral-ngandal kunja-l kuku-jangkar ngadiku nyubun-nyubun-bu | old.woman doors three knowledge-of taught: I saw, person-ERG me-DAT told, maybe: children-ERG door name story before every-INST


english: Don't believe the river in the wet season; believe the old crossing stones.
kuku: Kari manubaja-bunga wawubaja bana-wungara: manubaja-bunga kulji mukul bana-baralmuny.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["manubaja-bungal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: believe FIRST USE x2; bana-wungar-a single-r LOC (scan catch)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:00:45.672981+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:05:37.776301+00:00
analysis:
kari manubaja-bunga wawubaja bana-wungar-a: manubaja-bunga kulji mukul bana-baral-muny | NEG believe! river wet.season-LOC: believe! stone old crossing-of


english: A lie is a bad loan, grandfather said: you borrow one and you pay back ten.
kuku: Jurril nyulu daji mumbu, kamibu balkan: yundu nyubun manil, yundu dayal baja wubulku.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["jurril"]
loans_used: []
evidence: jurril FIRST USE; lie-economics
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:00:45.672981+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:05:37.776301+00:00
analysis:
jurril nyulu daji mumbu, kami-bu balka-ny: yundu nyubun mani-l, yundu daya-l baja wubul-ku | lie it loan bad, grandfather-ERG said: you one take, you give back many


english: Send the message with two mouths — one forgets, and two correct each other.
kuku: Yimbal yunga ngandal jambul-ji: nyubun milka-wulay, jambul murni-wal.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["yimbal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: yimbal FIRST USE; redundancy protocol
status: accepted
confidence: 0.95
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:00:45.672981+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:05:37.776301+00:00
analysis:
yimbal yunga ngandal jambul-ji: nyubun milka-wula-y, jambul murni-wa-l | message send! mouth two-COMIT: one forgets, two fix-RECIP


english: Is it true? — From my eyes it is truth; from his mouth, it is news.
kuku: Manubaja? Miyilmuny ngaykumuny manubaja: ngandalmuny nyungumuny, kuku nganga.
frame: question
words_used: ["manubaja"]
loans_used: []
evidence: source-marking; kuku news sense
status: accepted
confidence: 0.95
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:00:45.672981+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:05:37.776301+00:00
analysis:
manubaja? miyil-muny ngayku-muny manubaja: ngandal-muny nyungu-muny, kuku nganga | truth? eye-from my-from truth: mouth-from his-from, news only


english: The message stick remembers what the runner forgets.
kuku: Jarrjalbu milka nyajil wanyu warri-bamabu milka-wulay.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["jarrjal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: seven words; writing-vs-memory
status: accepted
confidence: 0.95
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:00:45.672981+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:05:37.776301+00:00
analysis:
jarrjal-bu milka nyaji-l wanyu warri-bama-bu milka-wula-y | message.stick-ERG remembers what runner-ERG forgets


english: I doubted the story until I stood where it happened — the ground is a stubborn witness.
kuku: Ngayu kuku-jangkar warmbin, ngayu jananyjiku wanja nyulu murninmuny: bubu nyulu nyaji-bama dandi.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["warmbill"]
loans_used: []
evidence: warmbi-l doubt FIRST USE; SUCC arc
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:00:45.672981+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:05:37.776301+00:00
analysis:
ngayu kuku-jangkar warmbi-ny, ngayu jana-nyjiku wanja nyulu murni-ny-muny: bubu nyulu nyaji-bama dandi | I story doubted, I stand-SUCC where it happened-of: ground it witness hard


english: Grandmother dreams in the old language and wakes with two languages in her mouth.
kuku: Babi bijarril kukungu mukulba, nyulu wandil kuku jambul-ji ngandalba.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["bijarril"]
loans_used: []
evidence: dream-bilingualism; kuku-ngu u-LOC (scan catch #3 for this word)
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:00:45.672981+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:05:37.776301+00:00
analysis:
babi bijarri-l kuku-ngu mukul-ba, nyulu wandi-l kuku jambul-ji ngandal-ba | grandmother dreams language-LOC old-LOC, she wakes language two-COMIT mouth-LOC


frame: teaching
words_used: []
loans_used: []
evidence: observation vs inference
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:00:45.672981+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:05:37.776301+00:00
english:
Say what you saw, not what you decided about it — the first is short, the second is long, and only the first is yours to give.

kuku:
Balka wanyu yundu nyajin, kari wanyu yundu milkabu baykan yinyamuny: ngadiku buban, jambulku kalbay, ngadiku nganga yundumuny dayanka.

analysis:
balka wanyu yundu nyaji-ny, kari wanyu yundu milkabu bayka-ny yinya-muny: ngadiku buban, jambul-ku kalbay, ngadiku nganga yundu-muny daya-nka | say! what you saw, NEG what you thought that-about: first short, second long, first only yours give-PURP


frame: teaching
words_used: ["nguba"]
loans_used: []
evidence: hedging as safety equipment
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:00:45.672981+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:05:37.776301+00:00
english:
Maybe-words keep the camp honest: say nguba when the track is old, and nobody falls in the water off your firm word.

kuku:
Kuku-nguba bayan yukil karrbal: balka 'nguba' jina mukulnya, bama nyubun kariku daray bananga kuku-dandimuny yundumuny.

analysis:
kuku-nguba bayan yukil karrba-l: balka 'nguba' jina mukul-nya, bama nyubun kariku daray bana-nga kuku-dandi-muny yundu-muny | maybe-word camp honest keeps: say! nguba track old-SUB, person one never falls water-LOC firm.word-from your-from


frame: everyday
words_used: []
loans_used: []
evidence: why-chain comedy
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:00:45.672981+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:05:37.776301+00:00
english:
The child asked why again and again and again, and the old man answered again and again — and then silence: even knowledge sleeps.

kuku:
Karrkaybu 'wanyurrinku' babajin baja baja baja, mukulungku dingkarangka balkan baja baja, yalada wunbu: binal baja wunay.

analysis:
karrkay-bu 'wanyurrinku' babaji-ny baja baja baja, mukul-ungku dingkar-angka balka-ny baja baja, yala-da wunbu: binal baja wuna-y | child-ERG why asked again again again, old man answered again again, then silence: knowledge even sleeps


english: News travels fastest when it is nobody's business — keep your name out of other people's stories.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["burri"]
loans_used: []
evidence: gossip physics II
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:00:45.672981+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:05:37.776301+00:00
kuku:
Kuku warril warri bajaku kaki nyulu bama-karimuny murni: karrba burri yunu ngalkalba kuku-jangkarmuny bamamuny yindumuny.

analysis:
kuku warri-l warri bajaku kaki nyulu bama-kari-muny murni: karrba burri yunu ngalkal-ba kuku-jangkar-muny bama-muny yindu-muny | news runs fast most when it nobody-of business: keep! name your outside-LOC story-from people-from other-from


frame: narrative
words_used: ["rrunyuji"]
loans_used: []
evidence: rrunyuji FIRST USE ([A 895]); word-conservation
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:00:45.672981+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:05:37.776301+00:00
english:
The wise man of the old days read sickness like tracks, they say — rrunyuji; the word itself is rare now, keep it warm.

kuku:
Rrunyuji bambay nyajin yala jina, bamabu balkal: kuku nyulu-nyulu buban nyiku, karrba nyulu wumbulbu.

analysis:
rrunyuji bambay nyaji-ny yala jina, bama-bu balka-l: kuku nyulu-nyulu buban nyiku, karrba nyulu wumbul-bu | wise.man sickness read like track, people-ERG say: word itself rare now, keep! it warm-INST


frame: narrative
words_used: ["manubaja"]
loans_used: []
evidence: the unasked truth
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:00:45.672981+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:05:37.776301+00:00
english:
Two witnesses, two stories, one fight — and the truth sat quietly far away, because nobody had asked it.

kuku:
Nyaji-bama jambul, kuku-jangkar jambul, kuniway nyubun: manubaja bundan wunbu kala-kalbay, bama nyubunbu kari babajin.

analysis:
nyaji-bama jambul, kuku-jangkar jambul, kuniway nyubun: manubaja bunda-ny wunbu kala-kalbay, bama nyubun-bu kari babaji-ny | witness two, story two, fight one: truth sat quiet far.away, person one-ERG NEG asked


english: Believe half of what you hear and all of what you track.
kuku: Manubaja-bunga daji milka-janaymuny, wubulku jina-wukurrilmuny.
frame: everyday
words_used: ["manubaja-bungal"]
loans_used: []
evidence: six words; evidential exchange rate
status: accepted
confidence: 0.95
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:00:45.672981+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:05:37.776301+00:00
analysis:
manubaja-bunga daji milka-jana-y-muny, wubul-ku jina-wukurri-l-muny | believe! half heard-of, all tracked-of


english: The hidden word kept its keeper: while he held it, it held him.
kuku: Kuku ngakijinmuny kujin kuji-bama nyungu: nyulu karrbanya, kukubu nyulu karrban.
frame: everyday
words_used: []
loans_used: []
evidence: secret-as-mutual-grip
status: accepted
confidence: 0.94
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:00:45.672981+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:05:37.776301+00:00
analysis:
kuku ngakiji-ny-muny kuji-ny kuji-bama nyungu: nyulu karrba-nya, kuku-bu nyulu karrba-ny | word hidden-of kept keeper its: he hold-SUB, word-ERG him held


english: Ask the question you are afraid of first of all; the other questions are only its children.
kuku: Babaji kuku-babaji yinil-ji ngadiku-ngurr: yindu-yindu karrkay nyungu nganga.
frame: everyday
words_used: []
loans_used: []
evidence: the parent question
status: accepted
confidence: 0.95
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:00:45.672981+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:05:37.776301+00:00
analysis:
babaji kuku-babaji yinil-ji ngadiku-ngurr: yindu-yindu karrkay nyungu nganga | ask! question fear-COMIT first-TEMP3: others children its only


english: He said it with the fire watching, and the fire did not go out — the old people counted that.
kuku: Nyulu balkan baya nyajinya, baya kariku wunbu-man: bama mukulbu yinya kunjan.
frame: narrative
words_used: []
loans_used: []
evidence: folk-oath before the fire
status: accepted
confidence: 0.93
rights_status: project_approved_synthetic
author: claude-main
created_at: 2026-07-06T06:00:45.672981+00:00
updated_at: 2026-07-06T06:05:37.776301+00:00
analysis:
nyulu balka-ny baya nyaji-nya, baya kariku wunbu-ma-ny: bama mukul-bu yinya kunja-ny | he said fire watch-SUB, fire never quiet-became: people old-ERG that counted


